EP4447706A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un marc de raisin fermenté, marc de raisin fermenté ainsi obtenu et son utilisation dans des compléments alimentaires ou dans des cosméceutiques - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'un marc de raisin fermenté, marc de raisin fermenté ainsi obtenu et son utilisation dans des compléments alimentaires ou dans des cosméceutiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4447706A1 EP4447706A1 EP22843858.6A EP22843858A EP4447706A1 EP 4447706 A1 EP4447706 A1 EP 4447706A1 EP 22843858 A EP22843858 A EP 22843858A EP 4447706 A1 EP4447706 A1 EP 4447706A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grape marc
- grape
- infusion
- kombucha
- marc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
- C12G1/0213—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation with thermal treatment of the vintage
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/382—Other non-alcoholic beverages fermented
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/87—Vitaceae or Ampelidaceae (Vine or Grape family), e.g. wine grapes, muscadine or peppervine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
- A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of health. It relates in particular to food or nutraceutical supplements as well as cosmeceuticals comprising fermented grape marc.
- the present invention also relates to a process for fermenting grape marc using a microbial consortium derived from kombucha (scoby).
- food or nutraceutical supplements exist in different galenic forms and can be composed of various ingredients: vitamins and minerals, substances with a nutritional or physiological purpose (amino acids, omega-3%), plant extracts or metabolites, ingredients of animal origin (fish oils, propolis%), ferments and yeasts (probiotics, brewer's yeast%), fruits and vegetables.
- Food supplements are between the food that nourishes and the medicine that heals. Depending on their composition, their role can be nutritional or physiological.
- certain food supplements make it possible to compensate for food deficiencies, and in particular make it possible to meet the specific needs of certain populations (pregnant women, elderly people, etc.) or in certain situations (deficiency in vitamin D during the winter, in vitamin B12, etc.). In other cases, food supplements will help reduce or alleviate the discomfort of healthy people (stress, joint pain, difficult sleep, etc.). Food supplements also have a preventive role, by acting on the reduction of risk factors for so-called chronic diseases (lower cholesterol, increase in bone mineral density, etc.). The different active ingredients present in food supplements will allow a physiological balance and thus keep consumers in good health.
- Grape marc is present in many food supplements and is particularly popular in cosmetics and herbal medicine. It has a wide variety of polyphenols (flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, phenolic acids, stilbenes etc.) and is mainly known for its antioxidant and draining properties. It has also been described as exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties.
- the first step is a step of crushing or pressing the whole bunches of grapes which makes it possible to obtain the grape must, which is a thick and sweet grape juice, not fermented. From this thick juice are removed the stems, skins, pips, stalks etc., namely all that remains solid after the pressing of the bunches of grapes.
- grape marc refers to all the solid residues obtained following the pressing of the grapes, whether before or after the alcoholic fermentation. It has a dry and crumbly appearance and has a color that varies between yellow and mauve depending on the grape varieties used.
- Kombucha is a traditional drink, slightly acidic, originating in Asia, reputed to have beneficial effects on health.
- Kombucha consists of a sweet tea that has been fermented by a mixed population of bacteria and yeast, called a "microbial consortium”.
- the microbial consortium designates more particularly a mixture of microorganisms, namely bacteria and yeasts, which live in symbiosis.
- the microbial consortium is further defined by the acronym "SCOBY" (referred to as scoby in the following) for "symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts”.
- the scoby is brought into contact with a tea (black tea or green tea, it doesn't matter) that has been previously sweetened.
- the yeasts and bacteria of the scoby will develop on the sweet tea and allow alcoholic fermentation and acetic fermentation respectively.
- the yeasts in the scoby use the sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
- the bacteria in the scoby use the alcohol produced to produce acetic acid.
- acetic acid bacteria also synthesize cellulose from sugars, which is found mainly in the film on the surface of the scoby.
- Many metabolites of interest are also produced by scoby microorganisms such as vitamins, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid etc.
- the scoby In its most common form the scoby has the appearance of a gelatinous film/membrane a few centimeters thick. When the scoby is brought into contact with the tea, it generally floats at the tea-air interface of the container holding the tea. During fermentation, the scoby adapts to the size of the container so as to cover the entire surface of the tea. The duration of fermentation is about 10 to 15 days at room temperature. At the end of the fermentation, a new scoby formed on the entire tea-air interface. The scoby used at the beginning of fermentation is called “mother of kombucha" while the scoby formed at the end of fermentation is called “baby of kombucha".
- the kombucha baby forms on top of the kombucha mother (in effect the new pellicle/membrane grows at the interface with the air). It is easy to separate the kombucha baby from the kombucha mother (e.g. manually).
- the kombucha baby can in turn be used, alone or in association with the kombucha mother, to initiate a new fermentation of a sweet tea and will thus become a kombucha mother.
- SCOBYs look alike but are not identical. Inhabited by millions of micro-organisms, their composition in bacteria and yeasts can vary (in particular depending on the region, the temperature, the tea used, the size of the reactor, etc.) and give a different result on the kombucha obtained.
- One of the aims of the present invention is to develop new food supplements or cosmeceuticals based on grape marc.
- Another object of the invention is therefore to develop new food supplements or cosmeceuticals based on fermented grape marc.
- Yet another object of the invention is to develop a process for fermenting grape marc using a microbial consortium of kombucha.
- grape marc is a fermentable substrate. Indeed, as indicated previously, in the case of the production of red wine, the grape marc is obtained after the alcoholic fermentation, which may suggest that it is already depleted in nutrients for the microorganisms (vitamins, nitrogenous compounds , mineral salts, etc. and that it may also include fermentation inhibitors.
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing a fermented grape marc, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the grape marc used in the process of the invention can come from any type of grape variety (varieties of wine grapes or table grapes).
- the grape variety is a vine variety that gives a specific grape.
- Grape marc is a particularly interesting product because it is rich in polyphenols and also contains sugar, vitamin C as well as certain vitamins of the B group. Depending on the process used, the sugar content can be quite high, it this is why it will not necessarily be necessary to add sugar during the preparation stage of the grape marc infusion.
- the grape marc comes from a black grape variety chosen from the group comprising Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Syrah, Négrette, Merlot and Grenache Noir.
- the grape marc comes from a white grape variety chosen from the group comprising Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Grenache blanc, Chenin, Gewurztraminer and Riesling.
- the grape marc comes from producers in the Occitanie region, such as the Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Négrette grape varieties.
- the grape marc is in the form of a solid residue.
- the grape pomace When the grape pomace is separated from the liquid, it contains about 50-65% moisture.
- Such pomace residue comprising a water content of about 50-65% moisture, is called “fresh residue”.
- the fresh grape marc residue can also be frozen at a temperature of approx.
- the grape marc used at the start of the process can be in the form of a fresh, frozen or dry solid residue. Bringing said grape marc (in the form of a fresh, frozen or dry solid residue) into contact with water makes it possible to obtain an infusion of grape marc.
- the infusion of grape marc is prepared according to the process comprising the following steps:
- a source of sugar chosen from sucrose, glucose syrup or concentrated grape must, in water previously heated to a temperature ranging from 30°C to 40°C, to reach a concentration ranging from 30 to 50 g/L of sugar per liter of water,
- a source of nitrogen chosen from an ammonium salt or organic nitrogen, in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 g/L of nitrogen source per liter of grape marc infusion.
- the supply of organic nitrogen could for example be achieved by adding yeast derivatives.
- the step of adding grape marc to the previously heated water is preferably carried out with mechanical stirring.
- the grape marc used at the start of the process can be an extract of grape marc.
- the scoby is as previously defined and designates a kombucha microbial consortium.
- the expressions "microbial consortium from kombucha”, “microbial consortium of kombucha”, “scoby of kombucha”, “scoby” are equivalent and designate a scoby "mother of kombucha” and/or a scoby "baby of kombucha”.
- the scoby used in the method of the invention can be purchased commercially or can be that described in the document Villarreal-Soto et al. 1 .
- the majority bacteria present in the scoby of Villarreal-Soto et al. are Komagataeibacter species rhaeticus, Gluconacetobacter and Gluconobacter, while the majority yeasts are Brettanomyces and Schizosaccharomyces.
- the scoby used in the process for preparing the fermented grape marc of the invention is prepared by the inventors.
- This scoby is more particularly the one obtained at the end of the kombucha preparation process developed by the Inventors, the details of which are given in the paragraph below.
- kombucha contains live yeasts and bacteria in suspension and acidifies the medium.
- Kombucha refers to the drink previously defined, namely tea fermented with scoby. Within the meaning of the present application, “kombucha” without further specification therefore always designates “tea kombucha”.
- the kombucha used in the process of the invention can be purchased commercially or can also be prepared by the inventors.
- the kombucha preparation process includes the following three steps:
- a sweetened tea infusion preferably a black tea, and even more preferably a Ceylon black tea
- the first stage of the process which is that of preparing the sweetened tea infusion, includes the stages of:
- a second step of the kombucha preparation process are then mixed, in a container intended for fermentation, the sweet tea infusion obtained in the previous step, cider vinegar, a scoby and possibly kombucha.
- kombucha is optional and comes commercially the first time kombucha is prepared by the Inventors. However, it may also be the kombucha prepared by the Inventors when the kombucha preparation process is reproduced later.
- Adding cider vinegar lowers the pH of the mixture to prevent microbial contamination at the start of fermentation. Subsequently, during the fermentation stage, the pH naturally drops, thus preventing any microorganism outside the scoby from developing.
- the scoby comes from the trade the first time that kombucha is prepared by the Inventors. However, it may also be the scoby obtained at the end of the kombucha preparation process when the kombucha preparation process is subsequently reproduced by the Inventors.
- fermentation is carried out at a temperature ranging from 20 to 30°C, for a period ranging from 14 to 20 days.
- the duration of the fermentation is 15 to 17 days.
- the fermentation is carried out in the dark.
- the kombucha is separated from the scoby.
- This scoby also includes the scoby that was formed during the fermentation stage (the baby of kombucha) and the scoby that was used to initiate fermentation (the mother of kombucha). As already stated it is easy to separate the baby kombucha from the mother kombucha.
- the scoby used to initiate a new fermentation can be the kombucha baby alone or the kombucha baby with the kombucha mother.
- the scoby obtained at the end of the kombucha preparation process can be used in the process for preparing fermented grape marc.
- the scoby brought into contact with the infusion of grape marc is the scoby (kombucha baby) recovered at the end of the 14 to 20 days of fermentation, and preferably 15 to 17 days of fermentation.
- the kombucha with 14 to 20 days of fermentation, and preferably 15 to 17 days of fermentation is also brought into contact with infusion of grape marc.
- the scoby comes from a kombucha with 14 to 20 days of fermentation, preferably 15 to 17 days of fermentation,
- the kombucha is a kombucha with 14 to 20 days of fermentation, preferably 15 to 17 days of fermentation,
- the infusion of grape marc has a concentration ranging from 20 to 150 g/L, preferably from 50 to 80 g/L of dry matter "grape marc" per liter of water, said water optionally comprising a source of sugar chosen from sucrose and/or concentrated grape must.
- the duration of the fermentation step of the process for preparing fermented grape marc according to the invention is variable because it depends both on the products used (grape marc, scoby and possibly sugar and/or kombucha) but also temperature, humidity etc.
- the grape marc fermentation step is carried out away from light.
- the fermentation step is carried out under static conditions, with occasional stirring.
- the fermentation is carried out at a temperature which varies from 20°C to 30°C.
- the method for preparing fermented grape marc is characterized in that, at the end of the fermentation, the scoby is removed from the infusion of fermented grape marc in order to recover the infusion of fermented grape marc without the scoby.
- the infusion of fermented grape pomace, stripped of the scoby, is called "grape pomace kombucha”.
- Gram marc kombucha therefore designates in the present application an infusion of grape marc fermented with a scoby and from which the scoby has been removed. Grape marc kombucha will never be called simply "kombucha” so as not to confuse it with the classic kombucha, namely tea kombucha.
- the scoby which is removed at the end of fermentation from the infusion of fermented grape marc includes both the scoby which is formed during the fermentation stage (the baby of kombucha) than the scoby which was used to initiate the fermentation (the mother of kombucha).
- the increase in the mass of scoby at the end of fermentation is 50% to 90%.
- the method is characterized in that the infusion of fermented grape marc, from which the scoby has been removed, is centrifuged or filtered.
- the method is characterized in that the infusion of fermented grape marc, from which the scoby has been removed, optionally centrifuged or filtered, is evaporated or freeze-dried in order to to obtain a raw dry extract of fermented grape marc, also called “raw dry extract of kombucha from grape marc”.
- the infusion of fermented grape marc is centrifuged or filtered before being evaporated or freeze-dried.
- the crude dry extracts thus obtained can in particular be preserved by freezing.
- the additional extraction of the crude dry extract obtained can for example be carried out with ethanol or with a solvent of similar polarity.
- the method of the invention is further characterized in that it may further comprise the following steps:
- the stirring is carried out for a period ranging from 40 to 80 minutes. Similarly, it may be advantageous to carry out two successive filtrations of the previously stirred ethanolic solution.
- the fermented grape marc extracts obtained according to the process of the invention have in particular promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties.
- the present invention also relates to a fermented grape marc which can be obtained according to the preparation process of the invention.
- fermented grape marc namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties
- fermented grape marc make them particularly interesting for their use in food or nutraceutical supplements but also in the field of cosmetics, and more particularly in nutricosmetics or dermocosmetics.
- another object of the invention lies in the use of a grape marc capable of being obtained or obtained according to the preparation process of the invention, in food supplements, said food supplements possibly being under the form of a solid or a liquid.
- a food supplement in liquid form mention may be made of drinkable solutions, syrups, ampoules, single-dose drinks, powders to be diluted, but also grape marc kombucha drinks.
- Yet another object of the invention lies in the use of a grape marc capable of being obtained or obtained according to the preparation process of the invention, in nutricosmetics or in dermocosmetics.
- Nutricosmetics are more specifically defined as food supplements taken orally to improve the appearance and health of the skin, nails and hair. They can come in the same forms as a food supplement (solid or liquid form).
- Dermocosmetic products are in a form suitable for cutaneous application (skin, scalp, hair, etc.). They can come in the form of a cream, gel, lotion, shampoo, etc.
- fermented grape marc When fermented grape marc is used in food supplements, nutraceuticals, nutricosmetics or dermocosmetic products, it can also be combined with other ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, etc.
- FIG. 1 respectively illustrates the HPLC-DAD profile (280 nm characteristic of phenolic compounds) of a raw dry extract of fermented grape marc of the grape variety Cabernet Franc (on the 12th day of fermentation) (upper chromatogram) and a raw dry extract of unfermented grape marc (OJ fermentation) of the Cabernet Franc variety (lower chromatogram).
- FIG. 2 illustrates respectively the HPLC-DAD profile (280 nm characteristic of phenolic compounds) of a dry ethanolic extract of fermented grape marc from the Cabernet Franc variety (on the 12th day of fermentation) (top chromatogram) and of an extract dry ethanol from unfermented grape marc (JO fermentation) from the Cabernet Franc variety (bottom chromatogram).
- FIG. 3 illustrates the anti-inflammatory activity, by measuring the percentage inhibition of the enzyme 15 lipoxygenase (15-LOX) of an ethanolic dry extract of fermented grape marc from the Cabernet Franc variety (on the 12th day of fermentation ) (right histogram) and an ethanolic dry extract of unfermented grape marc (D0 fermentation) from the Cabernet Franc variety (left histogram) dissolved at 50 pg/mL.
- 15-LOX 15 lipoxygenase
- FIG. 4 illustrates the antioxidant activity, by measuring the percentage inhibition of the oxidation of the 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, of an ethanolic dry extract of fermented grape marc from the Négrette grape variety (at I2 th day of fermentation) (right histogram) and an ethanolic dry extract of unfermented grape marc (D0 fermentation) of the Négrette grape variety (left histogram) dissolved at 50 pg/mL.
- DPPH 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl
- FIG. 5 illustrates the antidiabetic activity, by measuring the percentage inhibition (IC50 pg/mL) for the enzymes alpha-amylase (see the two leftmost histograms) and alpha glucosidase (see the two rightmost histograms) , an ethanolic dry extract of grape marc fermented with a mixture of Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec (on the 5th day of fermentation) (see the dark gray histograms: D5 fermentation) and an ethanolic dry extract of unfermented grape marc from a blend of Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec (see light gray histograms: D0 fermentation). The extracts were dissolved at 50 ⁇ g/mL.
- a quantity of 1 L of kombucha is prepared from an infusion of Ceylon black tea according to the following protocol.
- a quantity of water slightly greater than 1 L is heated to approximately 35°C then 70 g of sucrose are added in order to obtain sugar water with a concentration of about 70 g/L.
- the temperature is increased to 80°C (+/- 2°C) then a quantity of 10 g of black tea is added in order to obtain a concentration of approximately 10 g/L of tea.
- the tea contained in a gauze bag, is left to infuse for about 15 minutes, stirring it regularly, then the gauze bag containing the tea is removed to obtain the tea infusion.
- the tea infusion is then left to cool to a temperature below 30°C (preferably around 25°C).
- the kombucha used is a black tea kombucha marketed by the Germline company.
- the container is covered with gauze.
- Fermentation is carried out for a period of 15 days, away from light and at a temperature of around 25°C.
- kombucha At the end of the fermentation, approximately 850 mL of kombucha is obtained. Part of this kombucha will be used in the process of preparing fermented grape pomace while another part of said kombucha will be kept for use in the preparation of a new kombucha. This kombucha will be referred to below as “15-day fermentation kombucha”.
- the scoby from kombucha after 15 days of fermentation mainly comprises the bacteria Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, Gluconacetobacter and Gluconobacter and the yeasts Brettanomyces and Schizosaccharomyces. This scoby is close to that identified in the document Villarreal-Soto et al. 1 .
- dry residues of grape marc are more particularly used.
- a quantity of 1.2 L of water is heated to approximately 35°C then a quantity of 50 g of sucrose is added in order to obtain sugar water with a concentration of approximately 40 g/L.
- the temperature is increased to approximately 80°C (+/- 2°C) then a quantity of 150 g of raisin marc is added to a gauze bag so as to obtain a dry matter-water ratio of approximately 70 g of raisin pomace per liter of water.
- the grape marc brought into contact with the sugar water is left to infuse for around 15 minutes at a temperature of around 80°C with continuous automated stirring at 1200 rpm in a 2-litre beaker.
- the infusion of grape marc is separated from the gauze bag comprising the insoluble residue of grape marc.
- the grape marc infusion thus obtained is left to cool to a temperature below 30° C. (preferably around 25° C.).
- a quantity of approximately 0.5 g/L of ammonium sulphate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) is added to the infusion of cooled grape marc.
- the container is covered with gauze.
- the fermentation of the grape marc infusion is carried out for a period of 12 days, protected from light and at a temperature of around 25°C, without agitation.
- Grape pomace infusion fermented without the scoby is grape pomace kombucha, and more specifically Cabernet Franc grape pomace kombucha.
- the fermentations can be carried out with or without the supply of air by microbubbling in the liquid by a device of the ceramic or aquarium bubbler type.
- the crude dry extracts obtained are brown and viscous in appearance and each have a mass of approximately 2 to 3.5 g from the 300 mL of the supernatant. This yield varies according to the grape variety and the fermentation conditions (process parameters, grape variety, duration, etc.).
- Part of the raw dry extracts thus obtained is stored at a temperature of -20°C until they are used for analyzes of their biological activities.
- Another part of the raw dry extracts is transformed into ethanolic dry extracts.
- the raw dry extracts used to prepare the ethanolic dry extracts can be fresh raw dry extracts (not frozen) or frozen extracts. If the raw dry extract has been frozen, it must be thawed first.
- a quantity of 20 mL of absolute ethanol is added to 1 g of crude dry extract (fresh or thawed).
- the mixture obtained is stirred for approximately 1 hour using a magnetic plate.
- the ethanol mixture obtained at the end of the stirring is recovered and then filtered twice with 0.22 m filter paper.
- the ethanolic solution obtained at the end of the two filtrations is evaporated at 35°C at a rotation speed of 200-250 rpm/min until a dry extract (ethanolic) is obtained.
- the ethanolic dry extracts are brown/red in appearance and not very viscous. They each have a mass of about 100 to 300 mg.
- the yields vary from 10 to 30% compared to the raw dry extract.
- Dry extracts of unfermented grape marc are prepared from the infusion of marc of grapes (non-fermented) according to a protocol identical to that described above for the crude and ethanolic dry extracts of fermented grape marc from the infusion of fermented grape marc.
- the raw dry extracts of unfermented grape marc are prepared initially from the infusion of unfermented grape marc, then the ethanolic dry extracts are prepared from the raw dry extracts.
- the raw dry extracts of unfermented grape marc are brown/red in appearance and viscous. They each have a mass of about 10 to 20 g from a liter of pomace infusion.
- the ethanolic dry extracts of unfermented grape marc are brown/red and viscous in appearance. They each have a mass of approximately 100 to 300 mg from 1 g of raw dry extract of grape marc.
- the phenolic profiles of the raw and ethanol dry extracts of grape marc kombucha were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC-DAD. The detection of the compounds was carried out at a wavelength of 280 nm.
- the dry extracts were dissolved at 20 mg/ml in a water/acetonitrile mixture.
- the mobile phase consists of A: acidified water (acetic acid, pH 2.65) and B: mixture of acidified water-acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) with an elution rate of 1.2 ml/min.
- the samples were eluted by the gradient from 12% B to 30% B for 35 min, from 30% B to 50% for 5 min, from 50% B to 88% B for 5 min and finally from 88% B at 12 %B for 15 min.
- the column used is C18 (Phenomenex), 25 cm ⁇ 4.6 mm with a particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- the crude and ethanol dry extracts more particularly studied in this example are those originating from the Cabernet Franc grape variety.
- the raw dry extract of grape marc from 12 days of fermentation is compared with the raw dry extract of unfermented grape marc ( Figure 1).
- the dry extracts (crude and ethanolic) of grape marc kombucha were solubilized in pure DMSO then diluted, so as to reach a concentration of 50 pg/mL and 1% of DMSO, and were tested for their inhibitory activity of the enzyme 15 lipoxygenase.
- the ethanolic dry extract of fermented grape marc more particularly studied in this example comes from the Cabernet Franc grape variety (1 g/L) and is compared with the ethanolic dry extract of the same grape marc not fermented (OJ fermentation).
- the antioxidant activity of grape marc kombucha was evaluated by determining the anti-free radical activity with the "2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl" or DPPH radical method.
- the ethanolic dry extracts of grape marc kombucha from a mixture of Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec on the 5th day of fermentation (D5 fermentation) were diluted in pure DMSO, so as to reach a concentration of 50 pg/ mL. These extracts were compared to the ethanolic extracts of unfermented grape marc (J0 fermentation) of a mixture of Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec and were tested for their inhibitory activity respectively of the enzyme alpha glucosidase (see Figure 5, the two histograms on the right side) and the enzyme alpha amylase (see Figure 5, the two histograms on the left side).
- the dark gray histograms represent the ethanolic dry extract of grape marc kombucha on the 5th day of fermentation while the light gray histograms represent the ethanolic dry extract of grape marc not fermented (OJ fermentation). It is clear from Figure 5 the improvement in the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of grape marc on the 5th day of fermentation compared to the ethanolic extract of unfermented grape marc, and this for the two enzymes (alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase).
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2113743A FR3130515B1 (fr) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Procédé de préparation d’un marc de raisin fermenté, marc de raisin fermenté ainsi obtenu et son utilisation dans des compléments alimentaires ou dans des cosméceutiques. |
| PCT/FR2022/052362 WO2023111461A1 (fr) | 2021-12-16 | 2022-12-15 | Procédé de préparation d'un marc de raisin fermenté, marc de raisin fermenté ainsi obtenu et son utilisation dans des compléments alimentaires ou dans des cosméceutiques |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4447706A1 true EP4447706A1 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22843858.6A Withdrawn EP4447706A1 (fr) | 2021-12-16 | 2022-12-15 | Procédé de préparation d'un marc de raisin fermenté, marc de raisin fermenté ainsi obtenu et son utilisation dans des compléments alimentaires ou dans des cosméceutiques |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250066700A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4447706A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3130515B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023111461A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH692837A5 (it) * | 1997-07-02 | 2002-11-29 | Lisapharma Spa | Composizione farmaceutica per uso alimentare, dietetico o medicinale adatta a migliorare l'assorbimento orale dei polifenoli e particolarmente del resveratrolo presenti nell'uva e nei suoi p |
| FR2843023B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-09-24 | Sederma Sa | Compositions cosmetiques ou dermopharmaceutiques contenant du kombucha. |
| US20100247670A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Dmitriy Shoutov | Red Grape Dry Composition and Health Tea |
| CN108991516A (zh) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-14 | 长春健康未来医药科技有限公司 | 抗氧化延缓衰老、养护心脑血管的提取物及其制备方法 |
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- 2022-12-15 US US18/720,854 patent/US20250066700A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-15 WO PCT/FR2022/052362 patent/WO2023111461A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-15 EP EP22843858.6A patent/EP4447706A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2023111461A1 (fr) | 2023-06-22 |
| FR3130515B1 (fr) | 2024-06-21 |
| US20250066700A1 (en) | 2025-02-27 |
| FR3130515A1 (fr) | 2023-06-23 |
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