EP4222096A1 - Schienenstabilisierende fangbremse - Google Patents
Schienenstabilisierende fangbremseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4222096A1 EP4222096A1 EP21782970.4A EP21782970A EP4222096A1 EP 4222096 A1 EP4222096 A1 EP 4222096A1 EP 21782970 A EP21782970 A EP 21782970A EP 4222096 A1 EP4222096 A1 EP 4222096A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brake
- notch
- rail
- safety
- projection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
- B66B5/20—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of rotatable eccentrically-mounted members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
- B66B5/22—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of linearly-movable wedges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/02—Guideways; Guides
- B66B7/022—Guideways; Guides with a special shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safety brake, a traveling body and an elevator system.
- an elevator car In an elevator system, an elevator car is typically displaced vertically along a travel path between different storeys or levels of a building. At least in tall buildings, a type of elevator is usually used in which the elevator car is held by rope-like or belt-like suspension means and is displaced within an elevator shaft by moving the suspension means by means of a drive machine. In order to at least partially compensate for the load of the elevator car to be moved by the drive machine, a counterweight is usually attached to an opposite end of the suspension element. This counterweight typically has a mass that corresponds to the elevator car including an average load. Depending on the elevator type, multiple counterweights and/or multiple elevator cars can also be provided in an elevator installation. Both elevator cabs and counterweights are referred to as traveling bodies. The carriages move along guide rails on which the carriages are guided via guide shoes.
- EP18214771 the description of which is to be considered part of this application, describes a guide rail with guide contours.
- the guide contours referred to as springs in EP 18214771 are referred to as projections in the context of this description.
- Such guide rails are typically made of sheet metal.
- guide rails perform the function of guiding the moving body.
- guide rails also serve as brake rails, in that at least parts of the guide rail interact with a brake in such a way that a braking force is created for braking the traveling body.
- Conventional safety brakes often brake on the guide rails, which can therefore also be referred to as brake rails.
- brake rails For example, EP0841280 shows a safety brake with a safety roller. These safety brakes cause very large contact forces on the braking rails. These contact forces are, without further measures, too large for Rails have the thin webs, as can be the case in particular with rails made of sheet metal. The use of guide rails with thin webs is therefore restricted, since at least elevator cars should always have safety brakes for safety reasons.
- an elevator installation solves the problem.
- the elevator system has a braking rail, a traveling body with a safety brake for braking on a braking rail of the elevator system oriented along a direction of travel.
- the safety brake includes a housing, a safety catch and a brake lining.
- the brake lining and the catch element are attached opposite one another on the housing.
- the catching element is mounted on the housing in such a way that a feed movement of the catching element relative to the housing is possible, and this feed movement reduces an opening width between the brake lining and the catching element.
- At least the catch element or the brake lining has a notch in order to grip around a first projection or a second projection of a brake rail when braking.
- the brake rail has the first projection and/or the second projection.
- the first projection engages in the notch in the brake lining at least during the braking process and/or the second projection engages in the notch in the catch element at least during the braking process.
- the opening width of the safety brake is at least twice the depth of the notch.
- Brake rails can have several areas that serve different functions such as guiding guide shoes, fastening in the shaft or braking the traveling body.
- the brake rail has at least one projection which is encompassed by the notch.
- a web of the brake rail extends away from the projection.
- the web is designed to absorb the contact pressure that is exerted on the projection.
- the web preferably extends between two projections of the brake rail. It usually forms a straight connection between the two projections. As a result, the pressing force on the two projections is essentially absorbed as a compressive force in the web.
- a thickness of the web is less than the opening width of the safety brake.
- a web can be made of thin material, i.e. a material with a small thickness, such as sheet metal.
- the web has a projection at each of two opposite ends.
- This projection can preferably be designed as a continuation of the web, or stand out from the web by a constructive transition such as, for example, by a widening or a tapering.
- the essentially flat brake pads and catching elements of conventional safety brakes would slide off the web and the web could buckle or buckle under the load of the catching elements.
- the safety brake can align itself along the brake track once the safety brake begins to brake.
- the notch grips the bar by the notch accommodating the projection on the bar and prevents the bar from slipping off the brake pad or the catching element in which the notch is located.
- the notch positions the safety brake relative to the brake track. The position of the projection in the notch is thus defined.
- the safety brake could still rotate about an axis that lies in the notch. This rotation is preferably prevented.
- the safety brake can be permanently connected to the driving body.
- the driving body is preferably guided by further guide shoes of the driving body or further notches of a further safety brake in such a way that rotation of the driving body and thus also of the safety brake is prevented.
- the housing of the safety brake is used for the frictional connection between the brake pad and the safety catch. In the event of braking, the contact pressure forces are transmitted through the housing from the brake lining to the catch elements.
- the housing is used to attach the safety brake to the driving body, for example by the housing having elongated holes, round holes or fastening bolts.
- the catch element is guided on the housing via a guide. This allows a relative movement between the housing and the catch element.
- the relative movement leads from a rest position, in which the catch element is at a distance from the brake rail, to a braking position, in which the catch element presses against the brake rail with a contact pressure.
- the resulting frictional force causes the brake element to move further against the brake rail. This further delivery can be limited by an end stop.
- the frictional force after the delivery has been completed, then acts on the driving body as a braking force.
- the brake lining is arranged on the side of the web of the brake rail opposite the catch element.
- the brake lining serves as an abutment for the contact pressure applied by the catch element.
- the brake lining is designed to generate frictional forces under the applied contact pressure, which are used to stop or hold the driving body.
- the brake lining can also be designed in the form of a further movable catch element. Both catch elements can easily be pulled back along their guide.
- the releasing force required is significantly smaller than when releasing a safety brake with a brake pad, in which the brake pad is moved relative to the brake rail under great contact pressure. This leads to an easier release of the safety brake after a catch.
- the opening width corresponds to at least five times or even better ten times the depth of the notch.
- the part of the brake rail between the first projection and the second projection is preferably shaped flat.
- the notch is along a direction of travel oriented, the direction of travel being perpendicular to the direction of the opening width.
- the notch is aligned along the direction of travel of the chassis. It thus extends in the same direction as the brake rail. Typically, this is a vertical orientation, as the car typically travels up and down in an elevator system.
- both the catch element and the brake lining have a notch.
- the safety brake can be guided even more securely along the brake rail. As soon as the safety brake's two projections are held by the two notches, the brake rail is safely guided.
- the notches grip the bridge by the notches accommodating the projections on the bridge and prevent the bridge from slipping off the brake lining or the catch element. Because both the brake lining and the catching element have notches, the safety brake positions itself correctly and the rotational orientation of the safety brake is also defined. As a result, the guide shoes of the elevator system are relieved during safety braking.
- a notch is so deep that it prevents the web from slipping away, and that the notch also prevents local twisting of the projection, ie one of the ends of the web. Due to this changed boundary condition, the buckling or buckling load of the web is increased many times over, since the projection is both in a defined position in the notch and is held in exactly the right alignment, i.e. parallel to the web. A depth sufficient for this corresponds to at least twice the width of the opening of the notch.
- the opening width of the notch is that width of the notch that is measured along the surface of the catch element or the brake lining.
- the catch element is designed as a catch wedge.
- the notch is preferably aligned parallel to the direction of travel.
- the catching element is designed as a catching roller, and in particular the notch runs all the way around the circumference of the catching roller.
- the notch thus always has a point at which the circumferential notch is aligned parallel to the direction of travel. This is also the point that touches the projection of the braking rail if the catch element is delivered to the braking rail.
- the catch roller can therefore be mounted in any orientation, there is always a part of the notch correctly aligned.
- the brake pad is fixedly attached to the housing.
- the housing can provide a recess into which the brake pad can be inserted and optionally fastened. Such an attachment minimizes the effort in production and is therefore inexpensive.
- a contact pressure force on the brake pad is limited by a preloaded tensioning body.
- a limitation of the contact pressure force can preferably be achieved in that a tensioning body is pressed under pretension in the direction of the brake rail, and the brake lining can be pushed back by the brake rail when a target contact pressure force is reached, and the contact pressure force can thereby be kept essentially constant.
- Disk springs are preferably provided as clamping bodies, which press the brake pad or a holder of the brake pad against a stop with a predefined contact pressure. As soon as a greater force than the predefined braking force is exerted on the brake pad by the brake rail, the brake pad detaches from the stop and only a negligibly small increase in the contact pressure is possible within the framework of the spring stiffness of the disk springs. The brake pad has the possibility to retreat if the contact pressure is too high. By limiting the contact pressure, the braking force is also limited. According to a preferred embodiment, the width of the opening of the notch tapers from the surface of the brake pad or the catch element towards the base of the notch.
- the notch has a smaller width at its base than at the surface and the decrease in width is preferably symmetrical and preferably continuous.
- Such a decrease in the width of the notch across the depth direction of the notch may be referred to as a taper.
- the projection is shaped to have a taper that matches the taper of the notch. This means that when inserting, the thinnest area of the projection, i.e. a tip, is inserted into the widest area of the notch. This ensures that the projection can be inserted into the notch even if there is a large positional tolerance between the projection and the notch.
- the shape of the projection is particularly advantageous to be congruent with the shape of the notch.
- the width of the first and/or the second projection is greater in each case than the width at the bottom of the associated notch of the brake lining or of the catch element.
- the width of the protrusion describes any width of the protrusion, but in particular the width of the tip of the protrusion.
- the projection does not reach the bottom of the notch, but instead rests against the slightly inclined flanks of the notch.
- the flanks are inclined by a small flank angle in relation to the effective direction of the contact pressure.
- the projection is also clamped between the two flanks.
- the braking force exerted on the projection in particular the braking force exerted by the brake lining, is increased.
- a tapering notch interacts particularly advantageously with a projection which also preferably tapers in the same way.
- a first advantage is that this ensures that the tapered end of the projection better in the Notch can be introduced as set out above.
- a second advantage is that the flank angle causes the braking force generated to increase sharply without loading the web of the brake rail with a greater compressive force.
- the mating shapes of the notch and protrusion result in both retaining the protrusion in a correct position and aligning the protrusion parallel to the soil position of the web, i.e., parallel to a straight line connecting the two notches. This leads to a maximization of the buckling or buckling load of the web.
- the web is clamped at the projections (4th Euler buckling) and not only articulated (2nd Euler buckling). This means that the security against buckling and buckling of the web can be significantly increased by a pair of matching, or congruent, interlocking projections and notches.
- the housing of the safety brake has a contact area to prevent the brake rail from buckling under contact pressure.
- the bulging is limited in that the deformed sheet metal touches a contact area on the safety brake.
- This contact area counteracts further bulging.
- this prevents the web from buckling.
- the ability of the web to absorb the contact forces is retained.
- the safety brake therefore continues to brake sufficiently despite the bulging brake rail, since the bulging of the brake rail is limited by the contact area. This ensures that the driving body is held securely and does not fall.
- the brake rail is formed from sheet metal.
- the brake rail can be made up of several parts.
- the brake rail is formed as a hollow profile. Such a hollow profile can be produced, in particular, by roll-profiling or extrusion.
- Such a brake rail is light, particularly stable and inexpensive to manufacture.
- the brake rail is designed as a T-Profd or double-T-Profd.
- the safety brake can also be used on other brake rails if they have a web.
- Typical representatives of such braking rails can be T-profde or double-T-profde.
- the protrusion can be used in the raw state, or preferably the protrusions are machined, for example by milling or grinding, so that the protrusions are tapered and/or that the protrusions meet close tolerances, for example 1 mm.
- the traveling body is carried by a carrying device which triggers the safety gear if the carrying capacity is lost.
- the carrying device serves to connect the carrying means of the elevator system to the traveling body.
- the carrying device is therefore designed in such a way that a drop in voltage at the carrying means is detected.
- the safety brake is activated via a slack rope detection.
- This is preferably carried out mechanically and is based on the fact that a spring is held in a tensioned position by the gravitational force of the driving body. As soon as the gravitational force ceases, for example due to a free fall, the energy of the spring is directed to the catch element in such a way that it is shifted into the released state, i.e. towards the brake rail.
- Fig. 2 is a view from below of the same embodiment as in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the same embodiment as in Figs. 1 and
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a catch roller of the safety brake
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a safety wedge of the safety brake.
- the 1 shows the safety brake 1, which comprises a housing 5, a brake lining 7 and a catching element 6.
- a brake rail 3 is fitted between the brake lining 7 and the catch element 6 .
- the brake rail 3 designed as a hollow rail has different areas for guiding or braking.
- the brake rail 3 has two projections 22a and 22b.
- the safety brake 1 is guided along the brake rail 3 in such a way that the projection 22a is aligned with a notch 21a in the catch element 6 and the projection 22b is aligned with a notch 21b in the brake lining.
- the opening width D of the safety brake is slightly larger than the maximum distance between the two projections 22a and 22b, so that the safety brake 1 can be easily moved over the brake rail 3 and installed.
- the two notches 21a and 21b each have a depth t (ta and tb).
- the depth ta of the notch 21a on the catch element 6 is the same depth as the depth tb of the notch 21b on the brake lining 7.
- the notch 21a is designed to run around the catch element.
- the safety brake 1 moves during a journey in the direction of travel 2, ie essentially up or down. If safety braking is triggered, the safety roller 40 is displaced so that at least one component of the movement is in the infeed direction 8 . This slides the notches 21a and 21b over the projections 22a and 22b. The notches 21a and 21b ensure that the brake rail 3 and the catch element 6 or the brake pad 7 remain correctly positioned and aligned. The brake rail 3 is thus prevented from slipping off the catch element 6 or off the brake pad 7 .
- the width 30 of the notches essentially corresponds to the thickness of the projections 22a and 22b.
- the safety brake 1 exerts large forces on the brake rail 3. Without suitable measures, this could result in the brake rail 3 buckling and buckling under the load. To prevent this, the safety brake 1 has a contact area 54 that prevents bulging Brake rail 3 limited.
- FIG. 2 also shows the carrying device 53 and the release lever 56.
- Fig. 3 shows another isometric view of the same embodiment as in Figs. 1 and 2.
- the safety brake 1 is shown in Fig. 3 together with other components of the elevator installation.
- the guide shoe 73 is mounted on the traveling body 10, shown here as a counterweight 72.
- the carrying device 53 is used to carry the traveling body 10.
- the release spring 55 can expand. In doing so, it causes a movement on the release lever which essentially moves the catch roller 40 upwards along a connecting link 57 . Since link 57 is slightly inclined in relation to direction of travel 2, this also leads to a movement component in the direction of infeed direction 8.
- catch roller 40 touches the brake rail (not shown in Fig.
- the safety brake 1 has a floating bearing 70, which is implemented via two elongated holes. This floating bearing allows the safety brake to be easily shifted along the infeed direction.
- Fig. 4 shows an elevator system 4 with a safety brake 1.
- the elevator system has three traveling bodies 10, two counterweights 72 and an elevator car 71.
- Each counterweight 72 is connected to a suspension element 12 via a deflection roller 11 mounted at the top of the elevator system to the elevator car 71 connected.
- the safety brake 1 is attached to the counterweights above the upper guide shoes 73 and is designed to brake on one of the two brake rails 3 .
- the safety brake is designed to be triggered if the suspension element 12 breaks and to prevent the counterweight 72 from falling.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a catch roller 40 of the safety brake 1.
- a part of the brake rail 3 is also shown. 5 shows two views.
- the notch 21a runs over the entire circumference 41 of the catch roller 40.
- the projection 22a is an end region of the web 23, which adjoins the web 23 without a transition.
- the shape of the projection 22 is not adapted to the shape of the notch, resulting in the web the boundary condition is hinged. That is, the projection can rotate easily in the notch.
- the contact area between the catch roller 40 and the projection 22a is very small in the course of a catch braking. This embodiment could be further improved by adapting the notch to the shape of the projection.
- Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a safety wedge 50 of the safety brake 1 in two cracks.
- a brake rail 3 and a brake pad 7 are also shown in one of the two cracks.
- the notch 21a runs straight along the safety wedge 50 in the direction of travel 2.
- the projection 22a is designed as a machined end region of the web 23, so a transition from the web 23 to the projection 22a can be seen.
- the brake pad 7 also has a braking force limiter 57 . As soon as the force acting on the brake pad 7 exceeds a predefined force to which a clamping means 51 is clamped. In this way, the brake lining 7 is pushed away by the brake rail 3 . The force on the clamping means 51 and thus on the brake rail 3 nevertheless increases slightly, but remains almost constant.
- the notch 21a is preferably tapered.
- the notch 21a essentially has an opening width 30, a width 31 on the base 32 of the notch 21a and a depth t.
- the width 31 of the notch 21a on the base 32 is less than the opening width 30.
- the shape of the projection 22a is also adapted to the shape of the notch, which results in the edge condition clamped for the web as soon as the safety brake is triggered.
- the protrusion is guided in both position and orientation so that the protrusion is aligned along the soil layer of the web. This greatly reduces the risk of the web buckling.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20199630 | 2020-10-01 | ||
PCT/EP2021/076309 WO2022069355A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 | 2021-09-24 | Schienenstabilisierende fangbremse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4222096A1 true EP4222096A1 (de) | 2023-08-09 |
EP4222096B1 EP4222096B1 (de) | 2024-10-30 |
Family
ID=
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230356978A1 (en) | 2023-11-09 |
WO2022069355A1 (de) | 2022-04-07 |
CN116323457A (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
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