EP4208430A1 - Kompostiervorrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen von kompostmaterial - Google Patents
Kompostiervorrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen von kompostmaterialInfo
- Publication number
- EP4208430A1 EP4208430A1 EP21763041.7A EP21763041A EP4208430A1 EP 4208430 A1 EP4208430 A1 EP 4208430A1 EP 21763041 A EP21763041 A EP 21763041A EP 4208430 A1 EP4208430 A1 EP 4208430A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composting
- chamber
- drying
- organic material
- drying chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/957—Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composting device for providing compost material from organic material and a related method.
- Composting devices are known in which organic material to be composted is converted into compost material.
- the organic material to be composted is, in particular, organic waste, for example food leftovers from private use.
- the present invention relates in particular to a composting device for domestic use, with which, for example, kitchen waste and small plants from a private household can be converted into compost material, for example for domestic use.
- a composting device for domestic use, with which, for example, kitchen waste and small plants from a private household can be converted into compost material, for example for domestic use.
- Such a composting device can also be suitable for use in offices, for example.
- US 2008/0209976 A1 describes a composting device with a composting chamber.
- the composting chamber is arranged in a housing.
- a mixing unit is used to circulate the organic material.
- the composting chamber can be heated. After completion of the composting process, the bottom of the composting chamber is opened.
- the compost material can fall into a receptacle and be removed from the housing from there. Water can drain down a floor of the composting chamber and be collected in a separate vessel.
- the composting device can include a sluice into which material to be composted is introduced and temporarily stored there before it can be introduced into the composting chamber via a flap.
- a composting device with a composting chamber is described in EP 3 275 808 B1.
- the composting chamber is heated at a lower section and cooled at an upper section by means of an air flow. In this way, condensate is to be formed on an inner wall of the composting chamber, with which the inner wall can be cleaned.
- This composting device comprises a drum-shaped composting chamber that can be heated.
- the organic material can be circulated by means of a mixing unit.
- Compost material can be removed via a lockable flap after the composting process is complete.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a composting device and a method for providing compost material with which compost material can be produced from organic material in a user-friendly manner.
- a composting device for preparing compost material from organic material, comprising: a drying chamber for receiving organic material to be composted; a heater arranged at the drying chamber for heating the organic material arranged in the drying chamber; a control device for controlling and/or regulating the heating device; and a composting chamber which is connected to the drying chamber via an opening for material transfer and in which the organic material dried in the drying chamber can be converted into compost material.
- the composting device has two chambers.
- the composting apparatus includes a first chamber which is a drying chamber and a second chamber which is the composting chamber.
- Organic material to be composted can be received in the drying chamber, collected in it and be stored for example.
- a heating device is arranged on the drying chamber, the operation of which can be controlled and/or regulated by the control device.
- the organic material accommodated in the drying chamber preferably the drying chamber itself, can be heated with the heating device. This allows the organic material to be dried, and preferably the degree of drying can be adjustable. The possibility of drying the organic material offers the advantage that uncontrolled decomposition or fermentation with associated odor formation can preferably be avoided.
- the dried organic material can also be temporarily stored or stored in the drying chamber for a longer period of time.
- targeted composting can take place in the composting chamber.
- organic material can remain in the drying chamber without an uncontrolled course of the composting process or fermentation, for example if a sufficient quantity is to be collected that is to be fed to the composting process.
- the dried organic material can be brought into the composting chamber via the opening and the actual composting process can be carried out there, in which the dried organic material is converted into compost material.
- the organic material is dried and can then be fed into the composting chamber for controlled composting.
- a second operating mode it can be provided that the organic material is dried only to avoid uncontrolled composting processes and fermentation.
- this material can be removed from the drying chamber and fed to a compost heap or an external composter ("compost bin").
- the dried material can be transferred through the composting chamber into a removal container of the composting device without carrying out a composting process be, wherein the removal container can be conveniently removed by the user.
- the drying chamber preferably comprises an introduction opening through which organic material can be introduced into the drying chamber.
- the drying chamber can comprise a chamber wall and a chamber interior delimited by this.
- a discharge opening of the drying chamber is advantageously connected to a delivery opening of the composting chamber, alternatively these openings can coincide.
- the composting chamber can comprise a chamber wall and an inner space delimited by this, in which the organic material is accommodated during the composting process.
- the composting chamber can include a discharge opening, via which the compost material can be fed to a removal container, for example.
- the channel can be, for example, an at least partially vertically aligned shaft when the drying chamber is arranged above the composting chamber.
- position and orientation information such as “above”, “below” or the like relate to the intended use of the composting device.
- the composting device is positioned on a set-up surface by means of a set-up device, with a contact plane of the composting device coinciding with a plane of the set-up surface.
- the footprint may be considered to be horizontal.
- a wall of the drying chamber can be heated via the heating device, the wall advantageously being made of metal. In this way, the heat can be efficiently transferred to the organic matter accommodated in the interior.
- Drying that is as gentle as possible has proven to be advantageous, in which a sufficiently dry material is obtained, but microorganisms contained in the material are not killed. Careful drying advantageously maintains the highest possible population of different microorganisms in the dried material.
- the microorganisms can later trigger the composting process in the composting chamber and preferably accelerate it when the population is high. As a result, a high-quality compost can be provided. In a preferred embodiment, this makes it possible, for example, to dispense with the addition of microorganisms and/or other types of compost accelerators.
- the composting device comprises a ventilation device, via which drying air can be applied to the drying chamber.
- the drying air can, for example, promote drying of the material through evaporation. Drying air can carry vapor that is generated when the organic material is heated. This also allows the drying process to be accelerated compared to the sole use of a heating device.
- the ventilation device preferably comprises a pressure-generating unit and an air-guiding part, with which drying air can be guided into the drying chamber or to an opening in the drying chamber.
- the pressure-generating unit can be designed to generate an overpressure, via which the drying air is guided through the air-guiding part.
- a pressure-generating unit can be provided to generate a negative pressure.
- the generation of negative pressure, particularly in the drying chamber can prove to be advantageous, for example, in order to prevent the escape of odors. Drying air can after passing through the drying chamber for example, dehumidified (this will be discussed further below) and discharged into the atmosphere via a filter element, as a result of which the odor formation of the composting device can be avoided.
- the drying air can, for example, flow through the drying chamber or flow into it.
- the drying air can, for example, flow past an opening, in particular an introduction opening, of the drying chamber.
- the air guide part allows the drying air to be guided in a targeted manner with regard to the best possible drying result.
- drying air flows over the organic material in order to be able to entrain rising steam as effectively as possible.
- drying air can be heated by means of the heating device.
- the heated drying air makes it possible to absorb a higher proportion of steam. This can speed up the drying process.
- drying air is dehumidified before it is fed to the drying chamber.
- the heating device is favorably arranged on the air guiding part.
- the air guide part is fixed to a chamber wall of the drying chamber, and the heating device is arranged in the space between the chamber wall and the air guide part.
- the heating device can be integrated into the chamber wall, for example.
- the drying air flowing along the chamber wall can also be heated in this way.
- the material to be dried is heated in the drying chamber to preferably 70° C. or less.
- temperatures of around 50°C have proven to be advantageous. It is true that the drying process can be accelerated at temperatures above about 60.degree. However, it is desirable to maintain as high a population of microorganisms as possible. However, above about 60°C, for example, there may be a reduction in concentration due to denaturation of the proteins of the microorganisms.
- a temperature of the drying chamber in particular its wall, can preferably be approximately 70° C. for heating the organic material.
- the evaporation of water from the organic material results in cooling due to the removal of evaporation heat, so that the approximately 50° C. result in the organic material, for example.
- a ventilation device it is advantageous to increase the temperature of the heating device in order to achieve higher drying air temperatures. At higher temperatures, the drying air can remove more steam from the drying chamber, thereby speeding up the drying process.
- Temperatures of the organic material up to about 80°C can be envisaged, at which point certain types of microorganisms can indeed exist. However, species diversity is restricted and a lower temperature as explained above is advantageous.
- the composting device comprises a condensation device downstream of the drying chamber in the flow direction of the drying air, with which the drying air can be dehumidified and which comprises a condensate container for receiving the condensate.
- the dehumidification can, for example, reduce the odor emission of the composting device.
- Condensate (especially water) can be collected in the condensate tank. This condensate can be used, for example, for re-humidification in the composting chamber. This will be discussed further below.
- the condensate which can advantageously contain microorganisms, can be used for casting purposes.
- the ventilation device can be controlled and/or regulated by the control device.
- the composting device preferably comprises at least one sensor device which is coupled to the control device.
- the at least one sensor device preferably comprises at least one sensor for detecting parameters on or in the drying chamber and/or on or in the composting chamber.
- the composting device favorably comprises a sensor device coupled to the control device with a temperature sensor and/or a moisture sensor, the drying process being able to be controlled and/or regulated as a function of a signal from the sensor device.
- a temperature of the organic material, an air temperature and/or a temperature of the chamber wall can be measured as the temperature.
- a moisture content of the organic material and/or an air moisture content can be measured as the moisture content.
- the composting device favorably comprises a mixing unit with which the organic material to be dried accommodated in the drying chamber can be mixed and/or comminuted. This favors the drying process.
- a surface area of the organic material can be increased by comminution in order to accelerate the drying process.
- improved conversion to compost material in the subsequent composting step can also be made possible in this way, in particular an acceleration of the composting process.
- the at least one sensor device comprises a particle sensor with which a particle size or a degree of comminution of the organic material can be determined.
- the mixing unit can preferably be controlled by the control device and can have a drive device, for example, which can be advantageously controlled and/or regulated.
- the composting device comprises a conveying unit with which dried organic material can be conveyed from the drying chamber into the composting chamber.
- the organic material can be conveyed into the composting chamber via the conveying unit through the opening mentioned at the outset and, for example, through the aforementioned channel, if present.
- the force of gravity can be used as an aid.
- the delivery unit can preferably be controlled, specifically controlled and/or regulated, by the control device.
- the mixing unit includes or forms the conveying unit.
- a separate conveyor unit can be saved in this way.
- the mixing unit thoroughly mixes the organic material in a first operating mode and as a conveying unit in a second operating mode becomes effective.
- the operating modes can differ, for example, in the opposite directions of rotation of a rotatable mixing unit.
- dried organic material can be transferred from the drying chamber to the composting chamber according to at least one of the following: after a predetermined residence time in the drying chamber has elapsed; after determining a predetermined moisture content, in particular using the sensor device; at the request of a user, in particular via a control element of the composting device.
- an indication for the user can be provided on an output unit that the organic material has dried and can be composted.
- the user could remove the dried material from the drying chamber if a mode of operation in this regard is provided. to the extent of a specified maximum amount and/or a specified minimum amount.
- a maximum quantity of the dried material should not be exceeded at the beginning of the composting process in the composting chamber in order to limit the duration of the composting process and/or to avoid overfilling the composting chamber.
- a minimum amount of organic material should be contained in the composting chamber at the beginning of the composting process.
- the amount of material transferred to the composting chamber can be adjusted, for example, based on the operation of the conveyor unit mentioned above.
- predetermined can in particular also include or mean “predeterminable”.
- the composting device comprises a sensor device coupled to the control unit for determining a quantity of the material transferred. It can preferably be provided here that the delivery unit can be controlled and/or regulated as a function of a signal from the sensor device.
- a mass of the dried organic material transferred into the composting chamber can be determined, for example, via at least one weight sensor.
- At least one load cell for example, is used as a sensor in this respect, via which the composting chamber is held on a carrying device of the composting device.
- the composting device comprises a heating device arranged on the composting chamber for heating the material arranged in the composting chamber, which can be controlled and/or regulated by the control device.
- the temperature in the composting chamber can be increased via the heating device and the composting process can thereby be accelerated.
- the chamber wall of the composting chamber can be heated.
- the chamber wall is made of a metal, for example.
- the chamber interior can be heated by the heating device.
- the heating devices used here can be designed in a variety of ways. For example, it is electrical heaters.
- the composting device comprises an aeration device via which the composting chamber is supplied with air for the composting process is acted upon. In this way, an aerobic conversion of the dried organic material into compost material is promoted. An odor emission with undesirable odors from the composting device can be reduced and preferably avoided.
- the aeration device can preferably include a pressure-generating unit and an air-guiding part with which the air can be guided into the composting chamber.
- the pressure generating unit can be an overpressure unit or a vacuum unit.
- the air can be guided into the composting chamber in a targeted manner via the air guide part in order to enable a sufficient supply of (atmospheric) oxygen.
- Metabolic products in particular CO2 and H2O, can be discharged from the composting chamber using the air.
- the air in the composting chamber can be discharged via the pressure generating unit already mentioned above.
- the air with the metabolic products it contains is guided through the drying chamber and from there fed to the condensation device that is preferably provided. This also allows the moisture contained in the air in the composting chamber to be removed and fed to the condensate container.
- the air can preferably be heated with the heating device. In this way, the composting process can be promoted and preferably accelerated via the heated air.
- the heating device can be arranged, for example, on the air duct part.
- the heater is between a chamber wall Arranged composting chamber and the air duct part. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to heat the chamber wall and, on the other hand, to heat the air flowing past the heating device.
- the heating device is integrated into a chamber wall.
- the air flowing along the chamber wall can be heated.
- the composting device comprises a moistening device for supplying liquid into the composting chamber.
- liquid especially water
- This can prove beneficial for the composting process.
- the microorganisms in the organic material are reactivated by rewetting in such a way that the breakdown into compost material is accelerated.
- the moistening device can preferably include a reservoir for the liquid.
- the storage tank can be the condensate tank of the above-mentioned condensation device.
- the condensate obtained during the drying process can be used for the composting process.
- the moistening device preferably includes a delivery unit for delivering the liquid.
- a delivery unit for delivering the liquid.
- a pump that can be controlled by the control device is provided, with which liquid is pumped out of the reservoir.
- the liquid is preferably supplied at a top of the composting chamber to allow a more even moistening from above.
- a nozzle for distributing the liquid is provided. It has proven to be advantageous if the heating device on the composting chamber, the ventilation device for the composting chamber and/or the humidifying device can be controlled and/or regulated by the control device.
- the composting device comprises a sensor device coupled to the control device with a temperature sensor and/or a moisture sensor and if the composting process can be controlled and/or regulated as a function of a signal from the sensor device.
- a signal from a weight sensor and/or a particle sensor of the sensor device can be evaluated and the composting process can be controlled and/or regulated depending on this.
- the composting device advantageously comprises a mixing unit with which the organic material accommodated in the composting chamber can be mixed and/or comminuted.
- the surface of the material in particular can be increased with a view to improving the composting result.
- ventilation is improved via the ventilation device and/or humidification via the humidification device.
- the mixing unit includes, for example, a drive device that can be controlled and/or regulated by the control device.
- the compost material can be removed from the composting chamber after the composting process has ended.
- it can be opened or closed, for example.
- the composting chamber can be removed from the composting device.
- the composting device comprises a removal container and a conveying unit with which compost material can be conveyed from the composting chamber into the removal container.
- the removal container of the composting device can be removed in a handling-friendly manner and the compost material contained therein can be put to use.
- the delivery unit can advantageously be controlled by the control device.
- the mixing unit includes or forms the conveying unit.
- a separate conveyor unit for spreading the compost material can be saved in this way.
- the organic material is circulated in the composting chamber in a first operating mode and discharged via a discharge opening in a second operating mode.
- the operating modes differ, for example in the case of a mixing unit that can be rotated about an axis, by opposite directions of rotation.
- the compost material can preferably be transferred from the composting chamber to the removal container according to at least one of the following: after a predetermined residence time in the composting chamber; after determining a predetermined moisture content; at the request of a user, in particular via a control element of the composting device; depending on a determined concentration of a reactant and/or a reaction product in the composting process, for example in the case of aerobic degradation.
- a change in concentration of a gaseous reactant, in particular (atmospheric) oxygen and/or a CO2 or H2O concentration is detected with a sensor element of the sensor device mentioned below. It can be provided, for example, that an indication to the user about the completion of the composting process is provided on an output unit.
- the user can, for example, abort the composting process himself in order to dispense compost material.
- the composting device comprises a sensor device coupled to the control unit for determining a quantity of the transferred compost material, wherein the conveying unit on the composting chamber can be controlled and/or regulated in particular as a function of a signal from the sensor device.
- the composting process is carried out using microorganisms which are preferably contained in the dried organic material. In this way, the addition of microorganisms can be saved.
- compost material can be heated by means of a heating device for a predetermined period of time and/or to a predetermined temperature for hygienization. In this way, microorganisms still contained in the compost material can be deactivated or killed. Any residual moisture in the compost material can be conveniently expelled. Hygienization can prevent any further activity in the compost material and thus ensure that no further, uncontrolled decomposition and mold formation can take place.
- the compost material preferably contains no pathogenic and phytopathogenic germs, so that its handling by the user and its application to plants is harmless.
- the temperature of the compost material is preferably about 70°C to 120°C. In practice, temperatures above 80°C can prove advantageous. A temperature of about 90°C to 100°C is even better. A temperature above about 120°C can prove to be negative, since in practice the compost material can increasingly adhere to the walls of the composting chamber or to the mixing unit.
- Sanitization is advantageously carried out for a period of at least one hour, advantageously at least two hours. Higher temperatures allow shorter hygienization times.
- the hygienization can preferably be carried out in the composting chamber, in particular with the heating device arranged thereon. Alternatively or additionally, the hygienization can be carried out, for example, in the removal container mentioned above.
- the composting device can have two operating modes. If an operating mode is used in which the organic material is only dried but not composted, a sanitation step for the dried, non-composted material can preferably be provided.
- the material can, for example, be transferred to the composting chamber and heated there for a predetermined period of time and/or to a predetermined temperature for hygienization.
- the microorganisms contained in the dried material are deactivated or killed so that further decomposition can be avoided.
- a method can be carried out in which organic material is dried in a drying chamber and then composted in a composting chamber.
- the compost material is then preferably sanitized, for example in the composting chamber or in a removal container.
- the dried material can optionally also be sanitized.
- the operation of the drying chamber and the operation of the composting chamber can advantageously be carried out independently of one another.
- the control device can be used in particular to operate and in particular control and/or regulate the above-mentioned advantageously present devices (heating, ventilation, humidification, condensing) and/or the units that are preferably present (mixing unit, conveying unit).
- the user is given the opportunity to introduce further organic material into the drying chamber during an ongoing drying process while a composting process is being carried out. Provision can be made for a composting process to be carried out without organic material being contained in the drying chamber. Provision can be made for compost material to be produced in the composting chamber, after which compost material is discharged, for example into the removal container, for further dried organic material to be fed out of the drying chamber for a subsequent composting process.
- the composting device can have an operating unit, which can include an input unit and/or an output unit.
- an operating unit can include an input unit and/or an output unit.
- user inputs can be made on the composting device itself. The same applies to expenses of the composting device.
- an external additional device can be used, for example a smartphone or a tablet computer.
- Inputs can advantageously be made and outputs provided on the external additional device.
- a relevant user application program in particular in the form of a so-called “app”, can preferably be stored on the additional device so that it can be executed. Accordingly, it can be favorable if the composting device includes an interface for establishing a communication connection with an external additional device and if inputs by the user on the additional device for operating the composting device can be transmitted to the control device and/or if outputs from the control device relating to the status of the composting device can be output can be transferred to the additional device.
- Figure 1 a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the composting device according to the invention
- Figure 2 a perspective view of the composting device
- FIG. 1 with some housing parts omitted;
- FIG. 3 a further perspective illustration of the composting device from FIG. 1 with the housing open;
- FIG. 4 shows a lower housing section of the composting device
- FIG. 1 with a removal container for compost material removed from this
- FIGS. 5 to 7 different schematic representations of the lower section in a sectional view, in which a condensate container of the composting device is shown.
- the composting device 10 is simply referred to below as the device 10 .
- the device 10 is intended in particular for domestic use and serves to provide compost material 12 after decomposition of a starting material, which is organic material 14 to be composted.
- the organic material 14 includes, for example, kitchen waste or small plants.
- the device 10 can also be used in offices, for example.
- the device 10 comprises a carrying device 16 with a housing 18 whose walls are held on a frame 20 . Side walls of the housing 18 are hidden in FIG. In FIG. 3, a side wall 22 and a front wall 24 are shown removed from the frame 20 to reveal the inside of the housing 18. FIG. In FIG. 2, a preferably manually openable cover element 26 is also hidden.
- the housing 18 includes a lower portion 28 shown in Figures 4-7.
- the device 10 When used as intended, the device 10 can be positioned on a set-up surface 34 , for example a floor surface, for example by means of a set-up device 32 formed by an underside 30 .
- the footprint 34 may be considered, in a non-limiting manner, to be horizontally oriented.
- Position and orientation information relates to the intended use of the device 10 in which it is positioned in particular in an upright position on the installation surface 34 .
- the underside 30 is opposite an upper side 36 .
- the device 10 further includes a front side 38, on which the already mentioned front wall 24 is arranged, and a rear side 40 opposite this. Furthermore, a left side 42 and a right side 44 are provided.
- the apparatus 10 includes a first chamber, referred to below as drying chamber 46, and a second chamber, referred to below as composting chamber 48.
- the drying chamber 46 is of essentially cylindrical design, with an axis of the drying chamber 46 being aligned essentially parallel to the plane of the positioning device 32 (horizontal in the present case).
- the drying chamber 46 comprises a wall 50 which comprises a jacket-shaped outer wall 52 and an end wall 54 at the front and an end wall (not shown in the drawing) at the rear.
- An insertion opening 56 is formed on the top side of the outer wall 52 .
- Organic material 14 can be introduced via the introduction opening 56 through a channel 58 into the interior 60 of the drying chamber 46 .
- the channel 58 is designed as a shaft.
- the cover element 26 is arranged on the upper side 36 and is designed, for example, as a slide or as a flap.
- the channel 58 can be closed at the top via the cover element 26 .
- the device 10 comprises a control device 62.
- the control device 62 is coupled to the heating devices explained below, the ventilation device, the condensation device, the humidification device and the mixing units and can control them. In particular, their respective operation can preferably be regulated. In this way, the operation of the drying chamber 46 and the operation of the composting chamber 48 can be controlled and/or regulated, in particular independently of one another.
- the control device 62 is operatively connected to an operating unit 64, which includes an input unit 66 and an output unit 68 for a user.
- control device 62 is preferably in a wireless connection with an external additional device 70 .
- Inputs and outputs can be made to the input unit and output unit of the external additional device 70, for example a smartphone.
- a touch-sensitive screen 72 can be used for this purpose, for example.
- a user application program in the form of a so-called app can be stored on the additional device 70 via which the device 10 can be operated and which information can be provided by the device 10 .
- a heating device 74 is arranged on the drying chamber 46 .
- the heating device 74 comprises a heating element 76 which is designed electrically in the present case.
- the heating element 76 is used to heat the wall 50. In this way the organic material 14 to be dried which is arranged in the interior space 60 can be heated.
- the device 10 comprises a ventilation device 78 for providing drying air at or in the drying chamber 46.
- the ventilation device 78 comprises a first pressure-generating unit 80 and a second pressure-generating unit 82.
- the pressure-generating unit 80 is used to generate an overpressure and is designed as a fan 81, the ambient air the atmosphere sucks. The ambient air is blown into the housing 18 .
- the pressure generating unit 82 is used to generate a negative pressure in the drying chamber 46 and in the composting chamber 48 and is also designed as a fan 83 . Exhaust air from the fan 83 can be vented to atmosphere.
- the ventilation device 78 includes an air duct part 85 which serves to duct drying air to the drying chamber 46 .
- the air guiding part 85 surrounds the outer wall 52 in sections.
- Air from the interior of the housing is sucked into the air guiding part 85 (arrow 87) and flows from there into an intermediate space between the outer wall 52 and the air guiding part 85.
- the heating element 76 is positioned in the intermediate space. In this way, apart from the wall 50, the drying air is heated by means of the heating device 74.
- the drying air is guided to the introduction opening 56 via the air guiding part 85 .
- the drying air flows over the introduction opening 56 and can also reach the interior 60 .
- the ventilation device 78 also includes a channel 88 into which the drying air enters.
- organic material 14 is dried in the drying chamber 46 prevents uncontrolled decomposition and, in particular, fermentation in the drying chamber 46 . This also prevents undesirable odor emissions as a result of uncontrolled decomposition.
- the dried organic material 14 can be stockpiled or stored in the drying chamber 46 for a longer period of time without decomposition processes and the formation of odors.
- the organic material 14 is dried in a particularly gentle manner, with the highest possible population of microorganisms being retained. This speeds up the subsequent composting process.
- no addition of microorganisms and/or other types of compost accelerators is required.
- the microorganisms contained in the dried organic material 14 can preferably be “reactivated” in a targeted manner during the composting process.
- a temperature of the drying chamber 46 of approximately 70° C. is advantageous.
- the material 14 can thereby be heated to a temperature of, for example, approximately 50°C.
- a sufficiently rapid drying process can be carried out.
- the microorganisms are killed by too high a temperature and the high population described above can be maintained. Due to the temperature of approximately 70° C., the drying air can remove relatively large amounts of steam from the drying chamber 46 with a view to speedy drying.
- the material 14 can be supplied in the dried state to the composting chamber 48 for composting—this will be discussed below. Otherwise, the dried organic material 14 can be removed from the drying chamber 46 .
- the material can be transferred, for example, into the composting chamber 48 and from this composting chamber 48 into the removal container mentioned below without a prior composting process.
- the removal container can be removed by the user and the material 14 can be disposed of in a compost bin, for example.
- the device 10 comprises a condensation device 90.
- the condensation device 90 is arranged downstream of the drying chamber 46 in the direction of flow of the drying air and, in particular, is connected into the duct 88.
- the condensation device 90 includes a condenser 92.
- the condensation device 90 includes a condensate container 94 which is fluidly connected to the condenser 92 via a line 96 .
- the drying air continues to flow through the channel 88 in which a filter element 98 is connected downstream of the condenser 92 .
- the filter element 98 includes, for example, an activated carbon filter.
- the filtered drying air is vented to atmosphere via fan 83 .
- Odor formation can be largely avoided by dehumidification and additional filtering.
- the dehumidification ensures that any objects in the vicinity of the device 10 cannot be attacked by moisture and become damaged.
- the air blown into the housing 18 via the fan 81 is used in particular to cool the condenser 92 . This allows the air to be preheated. This makes it possible, for example, to keep the heat output for heating the drying air for the drying chamber 48 and the air sucked into the composting chamber 50 low.
- the device 10 comprises a mixing unit 100 for mixing and comminuting the organic material 14 in the drying chamber 46.
- the mixing unit 100 comprises mixing elements 102 and a drive device 104.
- the mixing unit 100 can be driven in rotation about an axis 106.
- the axis 106 coincides with the axis of the drying chamber 46 .
- the mixing elements 102 can be rigid or movable.
- the surface of the organic material 14 is increased by circulating and crushing. This speeds up the drying process. About that In addition, the organic material 14 is prepared for a simplified and accelerated implementation of the composting process.
- the drying chamber 46 and the composting chamber 48 communicate with one another via at least one opening for material transfer.
- a delivery opening 108 of the drying chamber 46 and a delivery opening 110 of the composting chamber 48 are provided.
- the discharge port 108 is formed on the rear end wall of the drying chamber 46, for example.
- the introduction opening 110 is preferably formed on the top side of the composting chamber 48 .
- a channel 112 is formed between the drying chamber 46 and the composting chamber 48 .
- the channel 112 is designed as a shaft.
- gravity can be effective for transferring organic material 14 that is to be transferred dried to composting in the composting chamber 48 .
- the drying chamber 46 is arranged above the composting chamber 48 for this purpose.
- the channel 112 runs at least in sections in a vertical direction, specifically vertically.
- the device 10 comprises a conveying unit with which the material 14 can be transferred into the composting chamber 48 via the channel 112 .
- the mixing unit 100 forms the conveying unit.
- Device 10 includes a sensor device 114.
- Sensor device 114 includes at least one and preferably a plurality of sensors and is coupled to control device 62.
- control device 62 In particular, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor can be provided.
- a particle sensor and/or a weight sensor is also conceivable.
- the control device 62 can use the signal from the sensor device 114 to control the drying process and in particular to control and/or regulate the heating device 74 , the ventilation device 78 , the condensation device 90 and the mixing unit 100 .
- the composting chamber 48 includes a wall 116.
- the wall 116 encloses an interior space 118.
- FIG. The interior 118 is in particular a reaction space.
- the composting chamber 48 is essentially cylindrical and has a wall 116 .
- the wall 116 comprises an outer wall 122 in the form of a jacket.
- An end wall 124 is provided on the front side.
- a rear end wall is provided.
- the insertion opening 110 is formed in the wall 116 at the top.
- the composting chamber 48 has a discharge opening 126 .
- the discharge opening 126 is formed in the outer wall 122 .
- the discharge opening 126 is, in particular, a jacket opening that is essentially designed in the form of a slot.
- the discharge opening 126 runs, for example, parallel to an axis of the composting chamber 48.
- the axes of the drying chamber 46 and the composting chamber 48 are preferably aligned parallel to one another.
- a channel 128 is connected to the composting chamber 48 and is formed, for example, onto the composting chamber 48 or its components.
- the Channel 128 is presently formed as a duct and extends generally downward from composting chamber 48 .
- the discharge opening 126 opens into the channel 128.
- the channel 128 opens into a removal container 130 on the underside.
- the removal container 130 When used as intended, the removal container 130 is connected to the channel 128 via a seal. Correspondingly, there is a sealed connection of the channel 128 to the composting chamber 48 and a sealed connection between the chambers 46 and 48 via the channel 112.
- the cover element 26 can seal the opening at the top 36 tightly. An odor emission, in particular the escape of unpleasant odors, can be largely avoided in this way. This also applies in particular because the drying chamber 46, as already explained, and also the composting chamber 48, as explained below, are subjected to negative pressure compared to the atmosphere due to the fans 81, 83.
- the device 10 includes a further heating device 132 with a further heating element 134.
- the heating element 134 is electrically embodied.
- the interior 118 and the organic material 14 contained therein can be heated with the heating device 132 during the composting process.
- the wall 116 is made of metal.
- a ventilation device is preferably provided for supplying air for the composting process.
- This can be a ventilation device that is separate from the ventilation device 78 . It is favorable for the structural design of the device 10 that in the present example the ventilation device 78 is used in order to supply air to the composting chamber 48 .
- the ventilation device 78 includes an air guiding part 136.
- the air guiding part 136 is arranged on the outside of the wall 116. The air guiding part 136 surrounds the wall 116 at least in sections.
- the heating element 134 is arranged in the space between the wall 116 and the air guiding part 136 .
- Air from inside the housing 18 can be sucked (arrow 138) into the intermediate space. As a result, the air flows past the heating element 134 and is also preheated to promote the composting process.
- the air guide part 136 opens into the channel 128.
- the air flows through the air guide part 136 and the channel 128 into the interior 118. In this way (air) oxygen can be provided for the composting process in order to promote aerobic composting.
- the air continues to flow through duct 112 and drying chamber 46 into duct 88. Any vapor in interior space 118 may be carried by the air. Moisture can condense in condenser 92 .
- the device 10 comprises a further mixing unit 140 with mixing elements 142 and a drive device 144.
- the mixing unit 140 is used to circulate the material 14 in the interior 118.
- the mixing elements 142 can be designed to be rigid or movable.
- the mixing unit 140 can be driven in rotation about an axis 146 .
- the axis 146 coincides with the axis of the composting chamber 48 .
- the device 10 comprises a moistening device 148.
- a liquid can be supplied to the composting chamber 48 in a targeted manner via the moistening device 148.
- microorganisms in the organic material 14 are preferably reactivated in order to accelerate the composting process.
- the moistening device 148 includes a delivery unit 150, configured here as a pump 152.
- the moistening device 148 includes a reservoir for a liquid.
- the condensate tank 94 is used as the storage tank. This makes it possible to use the condensate obtained during dehumidification for remoisturizing the material 14 during the composting process.
- a line 154 in which the pump 152 is connected, leads liquid to a nozzle 156 which is directed into the interior space 118.
- the device 10 includes a further sensor device 158 which is coupled to the control device 62 .
- the sensor device 158 comprises at least one and preferably several sensors. For example, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are provided in particular. In addition, a weight sensor is conveniently provided to determine the amount of material 14 being transferred into the composting chamber 48 .
- load cells 160 are provided as weight sensors, via which the composting chamber 48 is held on the frame 20 .
- the operation of the mixing unit 100 can be controlled in such a way that, on the one hand, a minimum amount of organic material 14 is advantageously exceeded and, on the other hand, a maximum amount is not exceeded, with regard to a preferred course of the composting process.
- control device 62 can control the composting process, in particular the heating device 132, the ventilation device 78, the moistening device 148 and/or the mixing unit 140 can be controlled and/or regulated.
- the device 10 For spreading compost material 12 after the composting process, the device 10 includes a conveyor unit.
- the conveying unit is formed by the mixing unit 140 .
- the mixing unit 140 can be rotated about the axis 146 in order to circulate the material 14 in the composting chamber 48 .
- the direction of rotation can be reversed for use as a conveyor unit. This allows the compost material 12 to be pushed over the mixing elements 142 up to the discharge opening 126 and thereby conveyed into the channel 128 .
- the compost material 12 falls through the channel 128 into the removal container 130.
- a sanitation step can be carried out in the composting chamber 48 .
- the compost material 12 can be heated to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time in order to kill or deactivate microorganisms and fungi.
- the temperature is about 80°C to 120°C, for example. In practice, for example, about 90°C to 100°C prove advantageous.
- the duration is preferably more than 1 hour, in particular more than 2 hours.
- the hygienization step can be carried out under control and/or regulation by means of the control device 62 .
- the residence time of the organic material before the compost material is formed can be, for example, about 24 to 48 hours or more.
- a hygienization step can also be carried out in that operating mode in which the organic material 14 is only dried but not composted.
- the dried organic material 14 can be transferred to the composting chamber 48 and sanitized there before being transported further into the removal container 130 .
- the operation of the drying chamber 46 and the operation of the composting chamber 48 can be performed independently.
- the drying process and the composting process can be carried out simultaneously or at different times. It is also possible that further organic material 14 is introduced into the drying chamber 46 while the drying process and/or the composting process is taking place.
- the user is informed via the output unit that the drying process has ended.
- the user can trigger the subsequent composting process via the input unit.
- the removal container 130 is arranged in a receptacle 162 of the lower section 28 (FIG. 4).
- a cover element 164 which is flap-shaped in the present example can be opened in order to remove the removal container 130 .
- a handle can be provided for transport, for example a bow-type handle 166.
- a biasing device 168 is provided on the lower portion 28 .
- a force directed in the direction of the channel 128 is applied to the removal container 130 via the prestressing device 168 in order to ensure a tight connection thereto.
- the condensate container 94 can be designed in several parts.
- the condensate tank 94 is arranged on the lower section 28 and is positioned, for example, laterally next to the removal tank 130 .
- the condensate can be transferred to a first tank section 170 .
- conduit 154 engages first reservoir portion 170 .
- the condensate tank 94 can also have a second tank section 172 .
- the second tank portion 172 may be in fluid communication with the first tank portion 170 via an overflow port 174 .
- the overflow opening 174 is preferably designed in a sealing manner.
- liquid can flow into the second container section 172 via the overflow opening 174 (FIG. 5).
- the second container section 172 can be removed from the lower section 28 for emptying (FIG. 6).
- a filling element 176 of the condensate tank 94 can be used (FIG. 7).
- the filling element 176 is, for example, a channel element or funnel element.
- the filling element 176 can be pulled out, for example, in order to allow liquid to be filled into the first container section 170 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020123245.4A DE102020123245A1 (de) | 2020-09-05 | 2020-09-05 | Kompostiervorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von Kompostmaterial |
| PCT/EP2021/072368 WO2022048875A1 (de) | 2020-09-05 | 2021-08-11 | Kompostiervorrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen von kompostmaterial |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4208430A1 true EP4208430A1 (de) | 2023-07-12 |
Family
ID=77564084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21763041.7A Pending EP4208430A1 (de) | 2020-09-05 | 2021-08-11 | Kompostiervorrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen von kompostmaterial |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230271894A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4208430A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115867524A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020123245A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022048875A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20250137589A (ko) | 2022-12-22 | 2025-09-18 | 브이시센 인크. | 폐기물로부터 유기 비료를 자동으로 생성하는 시스템 및 방법 |
| USD1094937S1 (en) | 2023-02-03 | 2025-09-23 | Alfred Kaercher Se & Co. Kg | Organic waste composter for kitchen use |
| CN117330699B (zh) * | 2023-09-12 | 2024-04-09 | 北京市农林科学院 | 一种无动力堆肥氨气监测装置及使用方法 |
| EP4527824A1 (de) * | 2023-09-21 | 2025-03-26 | MARMIX GmbH & Co. KG | Bioreaktor |
| TR2023017157A2 (tr) * | 2023-12-13 | 2023-12-21 | Organicompost Tarim Teknolojileri Anonim Sirketi | Bi̇r kompost maki̇nesi̇ |
| DE102024105670A1 (de) * | 2024-02-28 | 2025-08-28 | Alfred Kärcher SE & Co. KG | Kompostiervorrichtung |
| DE102024105690A1 (de) * | 2024-02-28 | 2025-08-28 | Alfred Kärcher SE & Co. KG | Kompostiervorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07124538A (ja) | 1993-11-01 | 1995-05-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 固形有機廃棄物の処理装置 |
| JP3322602B2 (ja) | 1997-02-25 | 2002-09-09 | 松下電工株式会社 | 生ごみ処理装置 |
| FR2792330A1 (fr) | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-20 | In Seop Jin | Procede et dispositif pour detruire des dechets alimentaires a des temperatures basses et ordinaires, utilisant des microbes |
| JP2001192287A (ja) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | コンポスト装置とその発酵槽 |
| JP4700917B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2011-06-15 | 功一 小林 | 熱風炉を用いた有機廃棄物の堆肥化処理装置および堆肥化処理方法 |
| US7024796B2 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2006-04-11 | Earthrenew, Inc. | Process and apparatus for manufacture of fertilizer products from manure and sewage |
| JP2009506895A (ja) | 2005-09-08 | 2009-02-19 | アルカン テヒノロギー ウント メーニッジメント リミテッド | 成形工具 |
| CN102356151B (zh) * | 2009-01-16 | 2016-11-23 | 伊沃夸水处理技术有限责任公司 | 无调理剂污泥堆肥 |
| US20130260446A1 (en) | 2012-04-03 | 2013-10-03 | Whirlpool Corporation | Composting device |
| KR101183135B1 (ko) | 2012-04-05 | 2012-09-21 | 이재헌 | 음식물쓰레기 처리장치 |
| WO2014155393A1 (en) | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | Pathak Manoj | Systems and methods for collecting, processing, and discarding a plurality of rejects products and producing a plurality of recycled / reprocessed products therefrom |
| EP2805932B1 (de) | 2013-05-22 | 2018-10-24 | Grace Organic AB | Organischer Abfallkomposter und Verfahren zur Kompostierung von organischen Abfällen |
| FR3006915B1 (fr) | 2013-06-13 | 2015-06-26 | Serveco Sa Soc | Systeme de traitement destine a deshydrater des dechets alimentaires |
| US10000429B2 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2018-06-19 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method and apparatus for operating a composter device |
| US9895726B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2018-02-20 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method for cleaning a food waste recycling bin of a food waste recycling appliance |
| US20180029948A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2018-02-01 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food waste recycler with mixing assembly |
| CN108314482A (zh) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 一种促进有机质降解、加速堆肥腐熟方法及其装置 |
| CN109485475A (zh) | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-19 | 南京大学 | 一种高效的厨余垃圾好氧发酵设备 |
| CN110054513A (zh) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 园林垃圾与餐厨垃圾的联合堆肥设备 |
| IT202000006895A1 (it) * | 2020-04-02 | 2021-10-02 | Francesco Paolo Fiorente | Elettrodomestico per l’autocompostaggio |
-
2020
- 2020-09-05 DE DE102020123245.4A patent/DE102020123245A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-11 EP EP21763041.7A patent/EP4208430A1/de active Pending
- 2021-08-11 WO PCT/EP2021/072368 patent/WO2022048875A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-11 CN CN202180050193.XA patent/CN115867524A/zh active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-03-03 US US18/177,862 patent/US20230271894A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115867524A (zh) | 2023-03-28 |
| US20230271894A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
| WO2022048875A1 (de) | 2022-03-10 |
| DE102020123245A1 (de) | 2022-03-10 |
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