EP4185740A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen einer reibwertoptimierten zinkbeschichtung auf einer stahl-komponente - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen einer reibwertoptimierten zinkbeschichtung auf einer stahl-komponenteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4185740A1 EP4185740A1 EP21754934.4A EP21754934A EP4185740A1 EP 4185740 A1 EP4185740 A1 EP 4185740A1 EP 21754934 A EP21754934 A EP 21754934A EP 4185740 A1 EP4185740 A1 EP 4185740A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- friction
- steel component
- producing
- heat treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/02—Heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a friction-optimized zinc coating on a steel component.
- the deposited layer system consisting of the zinc and the passivation layer is not only subject to the requirement of corrosion protection, but also high wear resistance and the resulting constant friction values when tightened several times.
- galvanized and passivated steel components of the prior art such as screws
- electrical contact elements however, an increasing coefficient of friction when screws are repeatedly tightened also leads to decreasing pressure forces of the conductor against the current bar, which results in increasing electrical contact resistances that impair the functionality of the contact elements.
- hot-dip galvanizing leads to the formation of a zinc coating and in particular to the formation of termetallic zinc-iron phases with significantly increased friction values, with the friction values of a hot-dip galvanized steel screw increasing significantly if it is tightened several times.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for producing a friction-optimized zinc coating on a steel component, which results in a coating with good anti-corrosion properties, good adhesion and a stable, constantly low coefficient of friction even when the steel component is used multiple times, in particular a multiple tightening, while the process can be carried out simply and economically at the same time.
- a zinc layer is first applied to the surface of the steel component by means of a galvanic deposition process and then heat treatment at a temperature below 420 °C for the targeted formation of intermetallic zinc-iron phases in the galvanically deposited zinc layer to optimize the friction value of the steel component.
- the inventors have recognized that the properties of the zinc-iron phases between the surface of the steel component and the galvanically applied zinc coating can be specifically controlled and adjusted by means of a heat treatment. This makes it possible to increase the adhesive strength of the zinc layers in a simple and easily repeatable manner and to optimize the properties of the zinc layer, in particular the layer hardness and the surface friction value.
- the heat treatment has the advantage that it can be carried out economically for any steel components, including bulk goods.
- the steel components can initially be any component any iron alloy and preferably an iron-carbon alloy, which particularly preferably has a carbon mass fraction of less than 2%. Each individual steel component is preferably formed in one piece. Furthermore, the method is preferably used to coat numerous steel components at the same time, with all steel components coated at the same time particularly preferably being formed identically to one another. In general, the steel components are preferably each a steel component having at least one thread and particularly preferably exactly one thread.
- the steel components are preferably bulk parts, in particular filigree bulk parts, and preferably connecting means such as screws, clamping sleeves, pockets and/or electrical connection elements or parts thereof, such as components of a terminal block.
- the steel components are also preferably components for screw-clamping sleeve connections.
- the steel components can have any desired function, with the steel components preferably being provided for fixing an electrical conductor.
- the requirements for the surface of the coated steel component, in particular for a zinc and/or passivation layer, are good anti-corrosion properties on the one hand and a constant coefficient of friction when tightened several times on the other.
- Electroplating is understood to mean all processes for the electrochemical deposition of metals on the metallic surface of the steel components using an electrolyte, the electrolyte preferably being an electrically conductive liquid, in particular an aqueous salt solution.
- a pure zinc layer is preferably applied using the galvanic deposition method, ie a pure zinc coating, with the pure zinc layer particularly preferably not containing more than 1% of other metal atoms, apart from metal atoms that may have diffused in from the surface of the steel component, while other substances, in particular polymers from the deposition process, may be embedded in the zinc layer.
- the zinc layer is applied using a pure and/or an iron-free and/or aluminum-free zinc electrolyte.
- the zinc layer can be applied galvanically by heating the steel component and/or the galvanizing bath or without adjusting the temperature. In general, however, the application takes place without heating above 420°C, preferably without heating above 100°C and particularly preferably without heating above 50°C. Also preferably, there is no heating of the steel components between the galvanizing and the heat treatment to form the zinc-iron intermetallic phases.
- the zinc coating is basically a flat layer of zinc on the surface of the steel component, with the zinc coating preferably completely covering the surface of the steel component and in particular preferably completely closing it, so that no oxygen and/or no liquid can reach the surface of the steel component.
- a friction-optimized zinc coating is understood to mean a coating made of zinc or a zinc alloy that has optimized properties with regard to the coefficient of friction or the coefficient of friction and in particular a particularly low change, one that changes particularly slightly when tightened several times and/or one that remains particularly constant Coefficient of friction or coefficient of friction.
- at least the outer or surface of the zinc layer is designed in such a way that an optimized coefficient of friction or coefficient of friction results.
- the heat treatment can initially be designed in any way and in particular have any temperature profile.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out by heating to a specified temperature, holding at this temperature for a period of time and then cooling. Such a heating cycle is preferably carried out only once, although repeated repetition is fundamentally possible. Furthermore, the heating is preferably carried out uniformly and/or continuously up to the specified temperature. Cooling is also preferably carried out uninterruptedly and particularly preferably down to the starting temperature before the heat treatment.
- the heat treatment also takes place in air or in a gas atmosphere, ie outside of a liquid.
- the heat treatment particularly preferably takes place within a furnace, in particular within an electric furnace.
- the steel component to be treated is preferably introduced into a corresponding furnace.
- the heat treatment is annealing at a specified temperature.
- the heat treatment is particularly preferably carried out starting from a temperature below 100° C., very particularly preferably below 50° C. and particularly preferably starting from room temperature.
- the heat treatment is carried out on the solid, i.e. below the melting temperature of the zinc of around 420°C.
- the temperature range of the heat treatment which is preferably between 200° C. and 420° C., particularly preferably between 230° C. and 420° C. and very particularly preferably between 250° and 400° C., it applies that the formation, stabilization and/or or formation of the desired intermetallic zinc-iron phases takes place faster the higher the temperature.
- the formation of one or more different intermetallic zinc-iron phases according to the invention also includes the stabilization and/or the shaping and/or the modification of zinc-iron phases that have already formed during the galvanic deposition process.
- at least one intermetallic zinc-iron phase is preferably formed by the heat treatment, which was previously not present or only present in a very small or significantly lower proportion.
- the heat treatment particularly preferably serves to optimize the layer structure of the zinc coating and in particular the layers of intermetallic zinc-iron phases contained therein. Heat treatment for forming is very particularly preferred several superimposed, merging layers and/or for stabilizing and shaping these layers.
- At least one intermetallic zinc-iron phase is formed by means of the heat treatment, with a layer of pure zinc, i.e. an h-phase, preferably being present at the same time, in particular on the surface of the zinc coating, which contains other elements than zinc only in the form of unavoidable ones Contains impurities and necessary auxiliary materials.
- a layer of pure zinc i.e. an h-phase
- other intermetallic zinc-iron phases are usually present in small proportions.
- intermetallic zinc-iron phases with different stoichiometry are generally formed, with the stoichiometry having a direct influence on the properties and in particular the hardness of the deposited zinc layer and thus also directly on the wear resistance and/or or affects the coefficient of friction.
- intermetallic zinc-iron phases There are numerous different intermetallic zinc-iron phases, but only a few are of significant importance with regard to corrosion protection and the friction properties of an electroplated zinc coating on a steel component.
- a face-centered cubic G phase first forms, which is characterized by brittle material behavior.
- a lower-iron hexagonal d-phase can develop, which is characterized by very ductile properties and, if it occurs in a closed layer, by a high level of corrosion resistance.
- the z-phase with a monoclinic crystal structure forms in the form of a brittle palisade layer.
- the iron content in this compound is lower than in the previously presented intermetallic phases.
- the pure zinc (h-phase) contains no iron atoms and has the lowest hardness.
- the iron mass fraction in the intermetallic zinc-iron phases within the zinc coating of the steel component is preferably no more than 10%, particularly preferably no more than 7.5% and very particularly preferably no more than 6%.
- Optimizing the coefficient of friction is understood to mean in particular a reduction in the initial coefficient of friction, in particular when the steel component is actuated or used for the first time, and/or a reduction in the increase in the coefficient of friction during subsequent actuations or uses of the steel component.
- the optimization can also include keeping the coefficient of friction as low and/or constant as possible for repeated actuation or use of the steel component.
- a reduction in the coefficient of friction when the steel component is actuated or used several times is also particularly optimal.
- the application of a zinc layer and all subsequent process steps for the production of the zinc-coated steel component are carried out at temperatures below 420 ° C, which advantageously melts the zinc and thus a unwanted phase transformation and unfavorable material movement on the surface of the steel component can be avoided in a simple manner.
- a temperature of 400° C. is particularly preferably not exceeded.
- the holding time of the heat treatment is between 10 minutes and 10 hours, preferably between 20 minutes and 6 hours and particularly preferably between 30 minutes and 4 hours, resulting in a good and extensive formation of intermetallic Zinc-iron phases can be achieved.
- the holding time is the duration of the heat treatment during which the zinc-coated steel component is kept at an elevated temperature, in particular at the maximum temperature of the heat treatment.
- the layer thickness and the iron content in the zinc layer can be controlled by varying the holding time and/or the temperature, with an increasing holding time leading to greater diffusion of iron into the zinc layer and thus to an increased iron content.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out in an average Continuous furnace, particularly preferred components in a heat treatment of numerous steel com, especially bulk parts, at the same time. Alternatively, however, the heat treatment can also be carried out in a chamber furnace.
- the duration of the heat treatment also depends, among other things, on the number of steel components treated at the same time, whereby a longer duration of the heat treatment is preferred, especially when treating numerous parts at the same time, for example in a lattice box or crate, in order to ensure that the inside as well lying parts have been heated for a sufficient period of time. Accordingly, a heat treatment of individual steel components or individually arranged steel components can take place in a much shorter time. With regard to the duration of the heat treatment, the longer the duration, the better the reproducibility of the desired result can be achieved, particularly for all steel components that are heated at the same time.
- the minimum holding time in particular at a temperature of 300° C., is preferably at least 15 minutes and particularly preferably 20 minutes, since at a temperature of 300° C. and a duration of 10 minutes no measurable iron diffusion can be determined.
- the maximum holding time is not limited, although no significant changes can be observed as the time increases significantly, so that a holding time of a maximum of 4 hours makes sense and the holding time is particularly preferably less than 3 hours and very particularly preferably less than 2 hours.
- a holding time of more than 3 hours, in particular more than 4 hours can be useful, especially at lower temperatures, such as at a temperature between 220° C. and 330° C., preferably between 230° C. and 320° C., particularly preferred between 250 °C and 310 °C. Even with a holding time of 10 hours at 300 °C, a maximum iron mass content of 6% could be measured in the zinc layer.
- One possible embodiment provides for the formation, stabilization and/or development of a z-phase (zeta phase) of the iron-zinc, on the basis of which particularly good coefficients of friction of the zinc-coated steel component can be achieved of the method according to the invention that the heat treatment takes place at a temperature between 220 °C and 330 °C, preferably between 230 °C and 320 °C, particularly preferably between 250 °C and 310 °C and very particularly preferably at 300 °C and/or over a holding time of between 30 minutes and 2 hours, particularly preferably between 45 minutes and 1.5 hours and very particularly preferably 1 hour.
- the z-phase has a significant influence on the constancy of the coefficient of friction, especially when the steel component is tightened several times.
- the heat treatment to form, stabilize and/or express the ⁇ phase is at a temperature of 300°C for a holding time of between 30 minutes and 2 hours, more preferably between 45 minutes and 1.5 hours and most preferably 1 hour .
- the formation, stabilization and/or development of a d-phase (delta-phase) of the iron-zinc can occur in addition to the z-phase, which is even preferred in some cases.
- the d-phase which is particularly ductile and leads to particularly good corrosion protection for the zinc-coated steel component, can alternatively or additionally also be specifically treated by heat treatment at a temperature between 310 °C and 390 °C, preferably between 330 °C C and 370 °C, more preferably between 340 °C and 360 °C and most preferably at 350 °C who formed the.
- a multi-step heat treatment is also conceivable, in particular initially for forming, stabilizing and/or expressing the z-phase and subsequently at a higher temperature for forming, stabilizing and/or expressing the d-phase.
- a d-phase can also be formed first and then a heat treatment can be carried out to form the z-phase.
- the holding time for forming, stabilizing and/or developing the d-phase, in particular at a temperature of 350° C. is more than 30 minutes, particularly preferably more than 45 minutes and very particularly preferably more than 1 hour or between one Hour and 3 hours, particularly preferably between 1.5 hours and 2.5 hours and very particularly preferably 2 hours.
- a longer holding time makes sense, especially at lower temperatures.
- the holding time is preferably less than 10 hours, particularly preferably less than 8 hours and very particularly preferably less than 5 hours and/or at least 10 minutes, preferably at least 20 minutes and particularly preferably at least 30 minutes.
- heat treatment takes place at significantly higher temperatures, in particular just below the melting point of zinc, a G-phase (gamma phase) of the iron-zinc is thereby formed, stabilized and/or pronounced.
- Such heat treatment is preferably at least 390°C, more preferably at least 400°C and most preferably at least 410°C, with the maximum temperature again preferably being 420°C.
- This heat treatment is further preferably carried out over a long period of at least 3 hours, more preferably at least 4 hours and most preferably at least 5 hours.
- the surface of the steel component can be pre-treated as desired before the zinc layer is applied.
- the pretreatment is particularly preferably carried out to condition the surface of the steel component. This can include, for example, cleaning, in particular degreasing, of the surface. Grinding off or chemically removing oxide layers is also conceivable.
- the surface of the steel component can also be pickled and/or pre-galvanized before the zinc layer is applied.
- the pickling can be done in any way, for example by dip pickling, spray pickling, rotary pickling and/or electrochemical pickling.
- a heat treatment against possible hydrogen embrittlement is carried out, which preferably takes place at temperatures between 200 °C and 250 °C.
- This heat treatment is in particular storage against hydrogen embrittlement, in which the hydrogen diffuses out of the steel component and/or is distributed more evenly in the material, as a result of which hydrogen embrittlement is at least significantly reduced or even completely avoided or eliminated.
- the finished galvanizing takes place in the galvanic deposition process.
- Such a heat treatment and in particular aging is particularly useful in the case of heavily hardened steel base materials of the steel component.
- the zinc layer is preferably applied to the surface after it has been applied of the steel component in the galvanic deposition process, conditioning of the zinc surface, in particular by passivation of the zinc surface, with the passivation preferably taking place by means of an organo-ceramic coating or by means of at least one, preferably several organo-ceramic layers.
- the passivation is preferably carried out by immersion in a passivating agent.
- the organoceramic layers are also preferably formed predominantly from chromium and/or zinc oxides.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a friction-optimized zinc coating provides that the heat treatment for forming the zinc-iron phases when using a temperature-resistant passivation layer takes place after the passivation or subsequent to the passivation.
- the passivation layer must be at least up to the maximum temperature of the heat treatment, preferably up to at least 10 °C and particularly preferably preferably at least 20 °C above the maximum heat treatment temperature.
- the heat treatment to form the zinc-iron phases occurs as the final manufacturing step of the zinc-coated steel components.
- the passivation is also preferably carried out immediately after the application of the zinc layer to the surface of the steel component in the galvanic deposition process in order to protect the newly formed zinc layer from oxidation as quickly as possible.
- the heat treatment must take place before the passivation.
- the zinc layer is applied to the surface of the steel component in the galvanic deposition process using an alkaline zinc electrolyte, which preferably contains nitrogen-containing polymers and/or is preferably cyanide-free.
- an alkaline zinc electrolyte which preferably contains nitrogen-containing polymers and/or is preferably cyanide-free.
- the selection of the zinc electrolyte used in the galvanic deposition process also has an influence on the coefficient of friction of the zinc-coated steel component, which results in particular from substances embedded in the zinc layer, in particular organic substances. It was found that weakly acidic electrolytes and/or electrolytes with sulphur-containing surfactants are only suitable to a very limited extent, since a sharp increase in the coefficient of friction could be observed there.
- the pH of the zinc electrolyte is preferably greater than 2.5, particularly preferably greater than 5.0, very particularly preferably greater than 7.0 and particularly preferably greater than 8.0.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for producing a friction-optimized zinc coating on a steel component.
- a pure zinc coating is applied to the surface of a steel screw for an electrical terminal block using a galvanic deposition process.
- a cyanide-free, alkaline zinc electrolyte is used in an aqueous solution, with the solution also preferably containing nitrogen-containing polymers.
- the use of this alkaline zinc electrolyte means that the nitrogen-containing polymers are at least partially embedded in the zinc coating, which means that the steel screw has significantly more stable friction values.
- this optimized layer structure is characterized by the stabilization of the z phase in the transition area from the zinc layer to the base material.
- the course of the coefficient of friction is characterized by an almost constant coefficient of friction over ten tightening cycles and the scattering of the coefficients of friction could also be significantly reduced as a result.
- the duration of the heat treatment can also be between 20 minutes and 4 hours.
- the duration of the heat treatment can also be between 20 minutes and 4 hours.
- only one temperature cycle with a single heating, a holding at 300 °C and a cooling is carried out.
- Such a heat treatment to form an intermetallic zinc-iron phase can be carried out, for example, in a continuous furnace, with the steel screws being heated at a heating rate of about 10 K/min up to 300° C. and held at this temperature for 30 minutes. This is followed by cooling in still air, in particular at a cooling rate of around 5 K/s.
- the steel screws are heated in a chamber furnace at a heating rate of about 10 K/min to 250° C. to form an intermetallic zinc-iron phase and at this temperature for about 6 hours to 10 hours or longer held. This is followed by cooling in still air, in particular at a cooling rate of about 5 K/s.
- the steel components are then kept at a temperature of 250° C. for a longer period, in particular 6 hours, as shown in FIG. This achieves a more even result across all steel components and a more undisturbed, more even layer structure for each steel component.
- the galvanic coating of a steel component of an electrical contact element takes place using a cyanide-free, alkaline zinc electrolyte.
- passivation is carried out, with organo-ceramic layers predominantly formed from chromium and/or zinc oxides being applied to the galvanized surface of the steel component.
- the galvanized and passivated component is heat treated in an oven at a temperature of 300 °C for a period of 30 minutes.
- Another version is based on a component coated identically with zinc, with heat treatment taking place in two steps. The component is first heated to 350 °C and held there for 30 minutes. The component is then cooled to 300 °C and held there for another hour.
- passivation takes place, and this can be done using a non-heat-resistant passivating agent.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU101954A LU101954B1 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer reibwertoptimierten Zinkbeschichtung auf einer Stahl-Komponente |
| PCT/EP2021/070597 WO2022018225A1 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-22 | Verfahren zum herstellen einer reibwertoptimierten zinkbeschichtung auf einer stahl-komponente |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4185740A1 true EP4185740A1 (de) | 2023-05-31 |
Family
ID=72560860
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21754934.4A Pending EP4185740A1 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-22 | Verfahren zum herstellen einer reibwertoptimierten zinkbeschichtung auf einer stahl-komponente |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230295825A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4185740A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7698706B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20230115972A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115956142A (de) |
| LU (1) | LU101954B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022018225A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5945757B2 (ja) * | 1976-08-02 | 1984-11-08 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 片面被覆亜鉛メツキ鋼板の製造法 |
| DE2740592C2 (de) * | 1977-09-09 | 1981-11-19 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Galvanisches Zinkbad |
| AT365243B (de) * | 1979-09-26 | 1981-12-28 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zum feuerverzinken von eisen- oder stahlgegenstaenden |
| JPS62192585A (ja) * | 1986-02-17 | 1987-08-24 | Seiko Giken:Kk | 締結部品の表面処理方法 |
| US5015341A (en) | 1988-08-05 | 1991-05-14 | Armco Steel Company, L.P. | Induction galvannealed electroplated steel strip |
| AT392089B (de) * | 1988-09-14 | 1991-01-25 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Verfahren zum ein- und beidseitigen elektrolytischen verzinken von edelstahl |
| US5246563A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1993-09-21 | Andritz-Patentverwaltungs-Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Process for the electrolytic zinc coating of stainless steel |
| JP2739141B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-16 | 1998-04-08 | ニスコ株式会社 | ドリルねじの製造方法 |
| JP2912029B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-26 | 1999-06-28 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 合金化亜鉛めっき鋼板 |
| JPH09118989A (ja) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-05-06 | Nkk Corp | 耐食性と潤滑性に優れた亜鉛系めっき鋼板及びその製造 方法 |
| JP2002180286A (ja) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-26 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 屋根用ステンレス鋼板 |
| EP2292679B1 (de) * | 2009-09-08 | 2020-03-11 | ATOTECH Deutschland GmbH | Polymere mit Aminoendgruppen und deren Verwendung als Additive für galvanische Zink- und Zinklegierungsbäder |
| DE102009051673B3 (de) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-04-14 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Herstellung von Galvannealed-Blechen durch Wärmebehandlung elektrolytisch veredelter Bleche |
| CN101942680A (zh) * | 2010-06-28 | 2011-01-12 | 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种在具有深/盲孔的异形钢件上镀锌的工艺及专用设备 |
| EP2489762B1 (de) * | 2010-09-09 | 2014-12-17 | Yuken Industry Co., Ltd. | Zusatzstoff für zinkplattierungsbäder und cyanidfreie alkali-zinkplattierungsbäder |
| JP2014088608A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-15 | Yuken Industry Co Ltd | ジンケート型亜鉛系めっき浴、ジンケート型亜鉛系めっき浴用添加剤および亜鉛系めっき部材の製造方法 |
| DE102012110972B3 (de) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-03-06 | Muhr Und Bender Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Erzeugnisses aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial und Erzeugnis aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial |
| DE102013010025A1 (de) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-18 | Muhr Und Bender Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Erzeugnisses aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial |
-
2020
- 2020-07-24 LU LU101954A patent/LU101954B1/de active IP Right Grant
-
2021
- 2021-07-22 CN CN202180049978.5A patent/CN115956142A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-22 WO PCT/EP2021/070597 patent/WO2022018225A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-22 KR KR1020237006410A patent/KR20230115972A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-22 EP EP21754934.4A patent/EP4185740A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-22 US US18/017,441 patent/US20230295825A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-07-22 JP JP2023503501A patent/JP7698706B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7698706B2 (ja) | 2025-06-25 |
| CN115956142A (zh) | 2023-04-11 |
| KR20230115972A (ko) | 2023-08-03 |
| WO2022018225A1 (de) | 2022-01-27 |
| LU101954B1 (de) | 2022-01-24 |
| US20230295825A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
| JP2023537226A (ja) | 2023-08-31 |
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