EP3959360A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von phosgen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von phosgenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3959360A1 EP3959360A1 EP20717673.6A EP20717673A EP3959360A1 EP 3959360 A1 EP3959360 A1 EP 3959360A1 EP 20717673 A EP20717673 A EP 20717673A EP 3959360 A1 EP3959360 A1 EP 3959360A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- content
- phosgene
- feed stream
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- NHYCGSASNAIGLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine monoxide Chemical class Cl[O] NHYCGSASNAIGLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 86
- MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine peroxide Chemical compound ClOOCl MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007138 Deacon process reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 9
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RXQNKKRGJJRMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1N RXQNKKRGJJRMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJICDAJBGTWIEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium dioxido(oxo)manganese Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FJICDAJBGTWIEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MFSIEROJJKUHBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.[Cl] Chemical compound O.[Cl] MFSIEROJJKUHBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USYLIGCRWXYYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[Fe] Chemical compound [Cl].[Fe] USYLIGCRWXYYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005844 autocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003843 chloralkali process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MJGFBOZCAJSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Hg] MJGFBOZCAJSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001023 sodium amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/80—Phosgene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C263/00—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
- C07C263/10—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reaction of amines with carbonyl halides, e.g. with phosgene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/36—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in mercury cathode cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of phosgene, the content of chlorine oxides in the chlorine feed being low, a device for the production of phosgene and the use of the phosgene produced by the process according to the invention.
- Phosgene is used as a reagent or as an intermediate in many areas of chemistry, especially for industrial carbonylations. It is used for the production of polyurethanes, polycarbonates, pharmaceutical compounds and
- Agrochemicals In terms of quantity, the largest area of application is the production of diisocyanates as starting materials for polyurethane production.
- TDI 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- Activated carbon catalysts are used.
- the reactor used can be improved; on the other hand, the composition of the starting materials is also decisive for the quality of the phosgene produced.
- WO 03/072237 describes an improved reactor for the production of phosgene, which enables an increased specific cross-sectional loading and thus a higher capacity by avoiding the corrosion problems on the contact tubes in the deflection area.
- WO 03/072237 proposes a reactor with a bundle of contact tubes arranged parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, which are fastened at their ends in tube sheets, each with a hood at both ends of the reactor and with perpendicular to the
- Solid catalyst are filled, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor over a sheet through the catalyst tubes and from
- WO 2010/076208 proposes a reactor for phosgene production which can be operated with a high phosgene load and nevertheless ensures sufficient cooling, including the catalyst tubes in the central area of the reactor.
- a reactor is described in which a plurality of contact tubes arranged parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the reactor are provided, each of which is welded into a tube sheet at both ends, with feed of the starting materials at the upper end of the contact tubes and discharge of the gaseous
- Passage opening leaves open by two to each other and to one
- Reactor diameter is limited parallel and equidistant straight lines, and wherein the reactor is not drilled in the area of the circular segment-shaped passage openings and in the area of the central passage openings.
- the reactor is characterized in that the plurality of contact tubes aligned parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the reactor are arranged in two identical bundles of contact tubes which are separated from one another by a contact tube-free area which extends on both sides along a reactor diameter, and that the heat transfer coefficients at the boundary layer between the contact tubes and the heat transfer medium are evened out over each reactor cross-section by adjusting the flow paths of the heat transfer medium in each reactor cross-section, measured from the first to the last contact tube in the flow direction of the heat transfer medium, by changing the arrangement of the contact tubes.
- the reactors described in WO 03/072237 and WO 2010/076208 can ensure cooling even when there is a high phosgene load. This in turn means that corrosion is prevented or at least slowed down.
- high demands are placed on the purity of the starting materials carbon monoxide and chlorine for phosgene production.
- the starting materials should, for example, have low methane and hydrogen contents, since these can lead to a strongly exothermic reaction when combined with chlorine.
- the rise in temperature can lead to a dangerous reaction between chlorine and the apparatus material, the so-called chlorine-iron fire.
- the starting materials should also have low levels of sulfur, bromine and iodine, since these can remain in the phosgene produced and, if phosgene is used in a downstream process, such as, for example, the production of isocyanates, can lead to quality losses. Such quality losses are, for example, a poorer color of the end product. Processes for the production of phosgene which has a low content of by-products are known from the prior art.
- contents of less than 150 ppm of carbon tetrachloride are achieved (EP 1135329), or chlorine is required as the starting material that contains less than 50 ppm (EP 1187808) or less than 400 ppm (EP 1529033) of free or contains bound bromine or iodine.
- WO 2010/103029 presents a method with a control concept for minimizing the CO excess.
- WO 2015/110353 describes a method for the production of phosgene, which already in the start-up time, the production of phosgene with a low content of Chlorine allowed. It should be possible to produce phosgene with a chlorine content of at most 100 ppm by volume at the outlet of the phosgene generator.
- Another option for optimizing the phosgene production process is to extend the catalyst service life.
- Activated carbon is preferably used as the catalyst for industrial purposes, with a suitable activated carbon being selected empirically to date (Mitchell et al .: Selection of carbon catalysts for the industrial manufacture of phosgene; Catal. Sei. Technol., 2012, 2, 2109- 2115).
- the activity of the catalyst decreases during phosgene production and the catalyst is consumed over time. After a certain operating time, the catalyst has to be renewed, which is accompanied by shutting down the phosgene plant and possibly downstream plants, so that production stoppages occur.
- Oxygen impurities are introduced into the process primarily via the chlorine feed stream. In particular, these impurities occur in the production of chlorine by Ch Io r-Al ka li electrolysis.
- Chloride (CP), hypochlorous acid (HOCI), hypochlorite (CIO) and chlorate (CI0 3 ) play a role in chlorine- AI ka I i -electrolysis.
- the chlorine-water equilibrium in aqueous solution is very complex, and a number of gaseous substances, such as chlorine oxides, can also arise during the production of chlorine.
- Chlorine oxides are not only formed during the production of chlorine itself, but also through the further reaction of by-products during the production of chlorine.
- sodium chlorite NaCI0 2
- chlorine dioxide CI0 2
- chlorate occurring in the brine can react to form chlorine oxides.
- Sodium chlorate (NaCI0 3 ) can also release CI0 2 under acidic conditions. It has now been shown that the chlorine oxides are particularly strong
- Exercise activated carbon catalyst.
- the deactivating effect of chlorine oxides is significantly greater than that of pure oxygen and chlorine.
- the deactivating effect sets in at low temperatures.
- the present invention is based on the object of a method for
- the device for the production of phosgene and the use of the phosgene produced by the process according to the invention is achieved.
- a first object of the invention is a process for the production of phosgene in which a) a chlorine feed stream is provided which has a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume, i) chlorine being produced by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride under conditions in which chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume is obtained, or ii) chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of more than 130 ppm by volume of a
- Solution of sodium chloride uses a different process in which chlorine is obtained with a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume, b) the chlorine feed stream provided in step a) in at least one
- Another object of the invention is a device for the production of phosgene, comprising: a unit for reducing the chlorine oxide content in a chlorine oxide-containing chlorine feed stream with an inlet for the chlorine feed stream and an outlet for the chlorine oxide-depleted chlorine feed stream and a tube bundle reactor with reactor tubes which have an activated carbon catalyst bed
- the tube bundle reactor has an inlet for the chlorine feed stream depleted in chlorine oxide and an outlet for a phosgene-containing product stream, the chlorine feed stream depleted in chlorine oxide being mixed with a carbon monoxide feed stream before entering the tube bundle reactor.
- Another object of the invention is a process for producing phosgene, as defined above and below, which is carried out in a device
- the invention furthermore relates to the use of the phosgene prepared by the process described above and below for the preparation of isocyanates.
- a process for the preparation of phosgene in which a) a chlorine feed stream is provided which has a content of chlorine oxides of at most 130 ppm by volume, i) chlorine by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of
- Sodium chloride is produced under conditions in which chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume is obtained, or ii) chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of more than 130 ppm by volume is subjected to a work-up through which the content of chlorine oxides is reduced to a value of no more than 130 ppm by volume is reduced, or iii) a first chlorine gas stream with a chlorine oxide content of more than 130 ppm by volume with a second chlorine gas stream with a chlorine oxide content of less than 130 ppm by volume in one
- step i) il) from the anode chamber for the electrolysis of the aqueous
- Sodium chloride solution the electrolytic cell used draws an aqueous stream that is opposite to that supplied to the anode chamber aqueous sodium chloride solution has a reduced sodium chloride content and an increased sodium chlorate content,
- the sodium chloride content of that part of the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber that was not discharged in step i2) is increased and returned to the anode chamber.
- step i2) at least part of the sodium chlorate present is removed from the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber by adding acid to the stream.
- step ii) the chlorine is subjected to a thermal, chemical or catalytic treatment, in particular a photochemical treatment, for working up, a chlorine feed stream having a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume being obtained. 6. The method according to embodiment 1, wherein in step iii) as the second
- Chlorine gas stream or where in step iv) chlorine is used which is produced by HCl electrolysis, Deacon process or KEL chlorine process.
- Phosgene synthesis is carried out in at least one tube bundle reactor, in the tubes of which an activated carbon catalyst is contained. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the phosgene synthesis at a stoichiometric excess of
- Carbon monoxide to chlorine from 0.1 to 50 mole percent. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the
- Phosgene synthesis takes place at an absolute pressure in the range from 0.5 to 20 bar.
- Reactor tubes can be cooled by bringing them into contact with a liquid heat transfer medium or by means of evaporative cooling.
- Heat transfer medium is used, which is guided in cocurrent or in countercurrent to the direction of flow of the reacting gases in the reactor tubes.
- Has shell space through which the heat transfer medium flows and the shell space is divided into at least two zones, which are supplied separately with liquid or boiling heat transfer medium for cooling.
- reaction gases flow through the at least one reactor vertically from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
- Apparatus for producing phosgene comprising: a unit for reducing the chlorine oxide content in a chlorine oxide-containing chlorine feed stream having an inlet for the chlorine feed stream and an outlet for the chlorine oxide depleted
- the tube bundle reactor has an inlet for the chlorine oxide-depleted chlorine feed stream and an outlet for a phosgene-containing product stream, the chlorine feed stream depleted in chlorine oxide being mixed with a carbon monoxide feed stream before entering the tube bundle reactor.
- a process for the production of phosgene as defined in one of the embodiments 1 to 17, which is carried out in an apparatus as defined in embodiment 18, wherein the chlorine oxide content in the chlorine feed stream is determined and the temperature of the chlorine feed stream is controlled as a function of the chlorine oxide content that the content of chlorine oxides at the entry into the phosgene reactor is at most 130 ppm by volume.
- phosgene is produced by reacting chlorine with CO in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst according to processes which are known per se from the prior art.
- WO 2010/103029, WO 2015/110353, WO 2010/076208 or WO 03/072237, to which reference is made at this point, are mentioned by way of example.
- brine is an aqueous solution of NaCl-containing salts which contains at least 14 g of dissolved substances per 1 kg of water. It can be a mixture of mainly NaCl with various other salts, or the brine can only consist of NaCl.
- the unit “ppm by volume” means parts per million by volume and relates to a temperature of 298.15 K and a pressure of 1013 hPa.
- Chlorine feed streams can be determined, for example, spectrometrically by IR measurement, by gas chromatography or by wet chemical methods, as described in Derby et al., Inorganic Syntheses, Vol. IV, p.152, 1953, by titration methods.
- the spectrometric or gas chromatographic determination of the chlorine oxide content in the chlorine feed stream can be done either offline or online be measured. Online measurement is particularly preferred. In the context of the invention, a measurement is referred to as "online measurement", the data being measured directly at the location of their origin, in real time, so to speak. Extractive sampling is not required for online spectrometric measurements.
- the unit standard cubic meter describes the amount of gas that would take up a gas volume of one cubic meter under specified conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity).
- the chlorine feed stream used to produce phosgene has a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume. This requirement can be met by one of the four measures i) - iv) described below.
- chlorine is produced by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride under conditions in which the chlorine is obtained with a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume.
- the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is also referred to below as C h I o r-AI ka I i -electrolysis.
- the starting material for the chlorine-AI ka I i -electrolysis is an aqueous one
- the aqueous sodium chloride solution used in the process according to the invention preferably contains 50 to 400 g of NaCl, particularly preferably 100 to 350 g of NaCl, per kg of aqueous sodium chloride solution.
- Suitable versions for the Ch Io r- AI ka li electrolysis are z. B. that
- Diaphragm process the membrane process, the amalgam process and electrolysis using an oxygen-consuming cathode.
- the diaphragm process the mixing of the reaction products from the cathode compartment and the anode compartment is prevented by a porous diaphragm.
- the cathode consists for example of steel or steel coated with nickel
- the anode consists of titanium coated with ruthenium (IV) oxide.
- Diaphragm process is that the sodium hydroxide solution obtained still contains a high proportion of sodium chloride.
- the membrane process was developed.
- a special membrane replaces the diaphragm and the brine circuit only takes place in the anode compartment.
- a titanium anode and a nickel cathode for example, can be used.
- a chlorine-resistant cation exchange membrane for example, about 0.1 mm thick, made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE / Teflon) with negatively charged SO 3 residues, can be used as the membrane.
- Suitable membranes are commercially available under the name National® .
- the anode consists e.g. Made of horizontally arranged titanium plates coated with ruthenium, which are provided with holes for the passage of chlorine. There, chloride ions are oxidized to elemental chlorine. Liquid mercury is used as the cathode, which flows at the bottom of the cell in the same direction as the brine above it. The sodium produced during electrolysis forms an amalgam NaHg with the mercury. The amalgam is then catalytically decomposed with water, with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen being formed. The remaining mercury is used in the process
- Chloride anions Chlorine is formed and discharged as a product.
- Oxygen consumption electrodes are formed from oxygen reduced with water, and no more protons from autocatalysis are added
- hydroxide ions can pass through the partition which separates the cathode and anode compartments. It can be a follow-up reaction to
- hypochlorite can also react further to form oxygen, which can then also be involved in the formation of chlorine oxides: 2 OCI- 2 CI- + 0 2
- Oxygen is also formed if, in addition to the formation of chlorine, the water is oxidized at the anode: H 2 0 0 2 + 2 H + + 2 e-
- an acid is added to the aqueous sodium chloride solution in the anode compartment in step i) of the process according to the invention.
- the acid can be added to the anode compartment together with the feed stream for the aqueous sodium chloride solution or separately therefrom.
- a preferred acid is HCl.
- Aqueous sodium chloride solution (brine) converted into anode chamber circulated in order to replace the sodium chloride consumed by the electrolysis.
- the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber contains the sodium chlorate formed as a by-product.
- At least part of the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber can be discharged.
- at least part of the sodium chlorate contained in the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber can be at least partially removed.
- a preferred embodiment is a process in which, in step i) il), an aqueous stream is withdrawn from the anode chamber of the electrolysis cell used for electrolysis of the aqueous sodium chloride solution which has a reduced sodium chloride content and an increased sodium chloride content compared to the aqueous sodium chloride solution fed to the anode chamber
- the sodium chloride content of the part of the aqueous stream removed from the anode chamber not discharged in step i2) is increased and returned to the anode chamber.
- the aqueous stream (anolyte) withdrawn from the anode chamber is partially or completely discharged in step i2).
- the amount discharged is calculated so that the selected maximum value for the sodium chlorate concentration in the anode chamber is not exceeded. As a rule, it is sufficient to only use part of the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber
- the part not discharged is combined with fresh sodium chloride solution, which has a higher sodium chloride concentration than the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber, and the combined aqueous sodium chloride solution is returned to the anode chamber.
- step i2) the aqueous stream (anolyte) withdrawn from the anode chamber is partially or completely subjected to work-up to reduce the
- the anolyte is preferably subjected to a treatment with an acid, particularly preferably HCl, in particular concentrated HCl, in order to reduce the sodium chlorate content.
- an acid particularly preferably HCl, in particular concentrated HCl.
- the amount of strong acid used is chosen so that Cl 2 and NaCl are preferably released and the release of Cl0 2 is avoided. This requires the use of 6 molar equivalents of HCl per mol of sodium chlorate. If the at least partial decomposition of the
- the Cl 2 formed in the process can, if desired, be combined with the Cl 2 formed in the electrolysis.
- the NaCl formed remains in the brine circuit.
- the aqueous stream (anolyte) withdrawn from the anode chamber is subjected to dechlorination before its sodium chloride content is increased in step i3) (brine saturation).
- the anolyte contains other chlorine-containing compounds that result from it
- a strong acid preferably HCl
- the pH value of the anolyte after the addition of HCl is preferably in a range from about 1 to 3, such as about 2.
- Elemental chlorine is released.
- the chlorine released can be drawn off in gaseous form by customary processes, preferably by applying a vacuum, and fed to the chlorine product stream. To look for the
- sodium sulphite can be added to it.
- Dechlorination can take place in the presence of a strong acid, especially HCl, it is advantageous to carry out these steps together.
- a partial flow of the aqueous flow withdrawn from the anode chamber can first be mixed with a sufficient amount of HCl to remove sodium chlorate.
- the partial flow is then used as a whole Amount of acid that is also required for dechlorination. Possibly. after a
- Partial stream for dechlorination combined with the rest of the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber.
- the treated product can also contain chlorine oxides, especially Cl0 2 .
- a strong acid preferably HCl
- at least part of the aqueous stream withdrawn from the anode chamber can therefore be subjected to a treatment
- the content of chlorine oxides is reduced by UV irradiation.
- UV irradiation Such a method is described in US 4,169,773, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the unwanted CI0 2 is here decomposed into Cl 2 and 0 second
- Electrolysis for the production of chlorine for phosgene production to reduce the oxygen and chlorate formation.
- chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of more than 130 ppm by volume is subjected to a work-up to reduce the chlorine oxide content to a maximum of 130 ppm by volume, before it is used as a
- Chlorine feed stream is used for the production of phosgene.
- Such work-up may be necessary, for example, in the event that the measures mentioned under variant i) cannot be carried out due to the technical design of the chlorine production.
- the equipment used for chlorine-alkali electrolysis may not be available at certain locations.
- a chlorine contaminated with chlorine oxides from other sources, which does not originate from the above-described chlorine electrolysis is used for the production of phosgene.
- the chlorine feed stream containing chlorine oxide can then be subjected to a work-up by means of which the content of chlorine oxides is reduced to a value of at most 130 ppm by volume.
- this chlorine feed stream is subjected to measures prior to mixing with CO and / or entry into the phosgene reactor which reduce the content of chlorine oxides in the chlorine feed stream to a maximum of 130 ppm by volume.
- the chlorine oxide-containing chlorine feed stream is subjected to thermal, chemical or catalytic cleavage of the chlorine oxides or a combination of two or three of these measures.
- the chlorine oxides are preferably decomposed by supplying energy, in particular in the form of heat.
- the chlorine oxides are decomposed into oxygen and chlorine.
- the thermal cleavage of the chlorine oxide-containing is preferably carried out
- Chlorine feed stream by heating the chlorine feed stream to a temperature of preferably at least 45 ° C.
- additives converted to compounds inert for the phosgene synthesis.
- Preferred additives are, for example, acidic compounds, especially HCl.
- Catalyst which is different from the additives, converted to compounds inert for the phosgene synthesis.
- the chlorine feed stream containing chlorine oxide is reduced to a maximum of 130 ppm by volume, preferably 0 to 130 ppm by volume, by thermal or photochemical cleavage.
- variant i it is possible, when producing chlorine by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, to take measures that the chlorine oxide content of the chlorine obtained is at most 130 ppm by volume.
- a method other than chlor-alkali electrolysis is used, according to which chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume can be obtained.
- a first chlorine gas stream with a chlorine oxide content of more than 130 ppm by volume can be mixed with a second chlorine gas stream with a chlorine oxide content of less than 130 ppm by volume in a quantitative ratio in which a chlorine feed stream results, the one Has a content of chlorine oxides of at most 130 ppm by volume.
- one of the is used to produce the chlorine Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride uses a different process in which chlorine with a chlorine oxide content of at most 130 ppm by volume is obtained.
- the process used to produce the second chlorine gas stream according to variant iii) or the process used to produce the chlorine according to variant iv) is preferably selected from
- the production of the second chlorine gas stream according to variant iii) or the production of the chlorine according to variant iv) preferably takes place by a Deacon process or a KEL chlorine process.
- the second chlorine gas stream is produced according to variant iii) or the chlorine is produced according to variant iv) by electrolysis of hydrogen chloride.
- Processes and devices for the electrolysis of hydrogen chloride gas or solutions containing hydrogen chloride, in particular for hydrochloric acid electrolysis, are known to the person skilled in the art.
- a device for electrolysis of hydrogen chloride comprising an oxygen
- the second chlorine gas stream is produced according to variant iii) or the chlorine is produced according to variant iv) by oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen (Deacon process).
- Deacon process HCl gas is converted with oxygen (air or pure oxygen) in the presence of a copper catalyst.
- the second chlorine gas stream is produced according to variant iii) or the chlorine is produced according to variant i) by reacting hydrogen chloride with sulfuric acid and
- Nitrosylsulfuric acid (KEL chlorine process).
- the decisive reaction step here is the oxidation of hydrogen chloride with nitrogen dioxide, which is released from the nitrosylsulfuric acid in several partial reactions.
- the second chlorine gas stream is produced according to variant iii) or chlorine is produced according to variant i) by oxidizing hydrogen chloride with manganese dioxide (Weldon process).
- Weldon process manganese dioxide is first added to hydrochloric acid
- Chlorine development and manganese (II) chloride formation implemented.
- the resulting manganese (II) chloride is mixed with lime water, and calcium manganite is formed when air is admitted, which can be returned to the process.
- the resulting calcium manganite reacts with HCl to form chlorine gas.
- the MnCl 2 obtained in this way can in turn be recycled, while the CaCl 2 , which is a by-product, has to be disposed of.
- the chlorine oxides in the chlorine feed stream contain or consist of chlorine dioxide.
- phosgene is produced by reacting chlorine with CO in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst according to processes known per se from the prior art.
- liquid chlorine from a storage container is used, which evaporates in a heated gasifier and is then freed of any liquid chlorine that may have been entrained in a re-evaporator.
- the phosgene synthesis according to the invention is preferably carried out in at least one tube bundle reactor, the tubes of which contain an activated carbon catalyst.
- the phosgene synthesis according to the invention takes place at an absolute pressure in the range from 0.5 to 20 bar.
- the phosgene synthesis according to the invention is preferably carried out in at least one tube bundle reactor and the reactor tubes are brought into contact with a liquid heat transfer medium or by means of evaporative cooling (evaporative cooling).
- a liquid heat transfer medium is used for cooling, which is conducted in cocurrent or in countercurrent to the direction of flow of the reacting gases in the reactor tubes.
- the tube bundle reactor used for phosgene synthesis has a jacket space through which the heat transfer medium flows, the jacket space being divided into at least two zones which are separately supplied with liquid or boiling heat transfer medium for cooling.
- reaction gases are the at least one reactor vertically from top to bottom or from bottom to top
- the phosgene synthesis according to the invention takes place at a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the range from 10 to 300 ° C.
- an activated charcoal catalyst is used as the catalyst, which is produced synthetically or by pyrolysis of a natural raw material.
- the activated carbon catalyst is preferably in the form of spheres, cylindrical
- a unit for reducing the chlorine oxide content in a chlorine oxide-containing chlorine feed stream with an inlet for the chlorine feed stream and an outlet for the chlorine oxide-depleted chlorine feed stream and a tube bundle reactor with reactor tubes which contain an activated carbon catalyst bed, the tube bundle reactor having an inlet for the chlorine oxide-depleted chlorine feed stream and has an outlet for a phosgene-containing product stream, the chlorine feed stream depleted in chlorine oxide having a before entering the tube bundle reactor
- Mixed carbon monoxide feed stream and the device for the production of Phosgene is configured to control the chlorine oxide concentration in the chlorine oxide depleted chlorine feed stream to no more than 130 ppm by volume.
- the chlorine oxide concentration of the chlorine feed stream is recorded continuously.
- variable to be regulated the chlorine oxide content in the
- Chlorine feed stream to the reactor determined continuously, with the for the
- the measures mentioned under ii) are taken to reduce the chlorine oxide content to a nominal value of at most 130 ppm by volume.
- a thermal or photochemical cleavage of the chlorine oxides is carried out until the actual value of the content of chlorine oxides corresponds to the setpoint value in the chlorine feed stream.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the reactor used in the examples for phosgene synthesis (laboratory monoliner reactor).
- Figure 2 shows the time course of the CO concentration at the reactor outlet in Example 1, the CI0 2 content 685 ppm by volume based on the
- FIG. 3 shows the course over time of the CO concentration at the reactor outlet in Example 2, the O 2 content being 685 ppm by volume based on the chlorine feed stream.
- Figure 4 shows the rate for the increase in the CO concentration in the gas stream at the reactor outlet (product gas) as a function of the CI0 2 content in the
- Chlorine feed stream Chlorine feed stream.
- Figure 5 shows the rate for the increase in the C0 2 concentration in the gas stream at the reactor outlet (product gas) as a function of the CI0 2 content in the
- Chlorine feed stream Chlorine feed stream.
- the chlorine oxide used in the examples was CI0 2 (chlorine dioxide), which was prepared by a known process by passing chlorine gas over sodium chlorite (Derby et al., Inorganic Syntheses, Vol. IV. S.152, 1953).
- the influence of CI0 2 on the heterogeneously catalyzed phosgene synthesis in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst was investigated in a laboratory monoliner reactor (see Figure 1) with a reaction tube with an internal diameter of 5.4 mm. The reaction tube is placed in a copper block and is temperature controlled via this. As an activated carbon catalyst became commercially available
- Activated charcoal of the type Donaucarbon ED47 was used, which was present in the form of strands (mean diameter 4 mm, length 5 to 20 mm) and was placed in the reaction tube separately by inert glass spheres. The total mass of catalyst was 0.8 g.
- the reaction tube was kept at a temperature of 100 ° C. and the pressure in the reactor was regulated to 5 bar absolute.
- Standard feed, 15.9 Nl / h CO and 14.6 Nl / h Cl 2 were metered into the reactor from pressurized gas bottles via mass flow regulators.
- the gases flowed through the reactor from bottom to top and were analyzed for their CO content by means of IR spectroscopy at the exit after releasing them to ambient pressure.
- the gas flow at the reactor outlet (product gas) based on the CO content in the feed is a measure of the CO conversion due to the formation of phosgene from the reaction with chlorine.
- Example 1 m I wu r gestures to READY lu ng of CI0 2 feeds 5 N l / h of a test gas rt (0.1 vol% Cl 2, 99.9% N 2) Led welc a prereactor fil lt NaCI0 2 and in this way a CI0 2 -containing feed with a maximum of 0.2 vol% CI0 2 (at vol lu msatz) is generated by the method of Derby and Hutchinson. The CI0 2 content was 685 ppm by volume based on the chlorine feed stream.
- Test gas (0.2 vol% 0 2, 99.8% by volume of N 2) is metered into the test reactor.
- the oxygen content of the reference feed 2 corresponds to the CI0 2 content of the CI0 2 -containing feed.
- the system described above was initially started up with the standard feed as well as reference feed 1 and the temperature and pressure set.
- the CO concentration at the outlet of the reactor was initially 12.7% by volume, corresponding to a turnover of approx. 82%.
- the gas feed stream into the reactor was switched to the standard feed and additionally the Cl0 2 -containing feed.
- the continuous increase in the CO concentration to up to 13.6% by volume, corresponding to a decrease in the Revenue from 82% to 80.6% can be recognized.
- the presence of CI0 2 leads to a deactivation of the catalyst. This deactivation proves to be irreversible, since switching back to standard feed and additional reference feed 1 after about 3 hours did not bring about any recovery in CO conversion.
- Example 1 This experiment was carried out analogously to Example 1, but reference feed 1 was replaced by reference feed 2 (feed containing 0 2 ).
- reference feed 2 feed containing 0 2
- a partially deactivated catalyst was used here. It should be shown here that the deactivating effect observed in Example 1 is actually due to Cl0 2 and not only from the oxygen released from the cleavage of the Cl0 2 . It should also be shown that this effect also occurs with an already aged catalyst.
- the system was initially with the standard feed as well as the reference feed 2 and set the temperature and pressure.
- the CO concentration at the exit was about 27.6 vol% CO
- FIG. 4 shows the rate for the increase in the CO concentration in the gas stream at the reactor outlet (product gas) as a function of the CI0 2 content at the inlet, calculated on the chlorine feed stream. From a CI0 2 content in the feed of more than 130 ppm, a significantly faster decrease in CO conversion (and thus a faster increase in CO in the product gas) was observed.
- Reactor outlet (product gas) measured using calibrated IR.
- the values show a clear increase in C0 2 formation with increasing CI0 2 content in the chlorine feed stream.
- the activated carbon used as a catalyst comes into question. Consequently, an increasing amount of CI0 2 in the chlorine feed stream leads to a significantly increased C0 2 formation through reaction of the activated oxygen with the activated carbon.
- the decrease in CO conversion could thus be explained, among other things, by the decreasing activity of the activated carbon catalyst.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19171148 | 2019-04-25 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/060433 WO2020216648A1 (de) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von phosgen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3959360A1 true EP3959360A1 (de) | 2022-03-02 |
Family
ID=66379706
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20717673.6A Pending EP3959360A1 (de) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von phosgen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12391557B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3959360A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102915554B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113784917B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020216648A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2724481A (en) | 1953-03-20 | 1955-11-22 | Oswalt Harry Lester | Ensilage loader |
| US4169773A (en) | 1978-01-16 | 1979-10-02 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Removal of chlorate from electrolytic cell anolyte |
| US4231959A (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1980-11-04 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Phosgene manufacture |
| DE3327274A1 (de) | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-07 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von phosgen unter gleichzeitiger erzeugung von dampf |
| JPS6140809A (ja) * | 1984-08-02 | 1986-02-27 | Teijin Chem Ltd | ホスゲン製造触媒の更新方法 |
| DE19543678A1 (de) * | 1995-11-23 | 1997-05-28 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur direkten elektrochemischen Gasphasen-Phosgensynthese |
| DE19848668A1 (de) | 1998-10-22 | 2000-04-27 | Bayer Ag | Tetrachlorkohlenstoffarmes Phosgen |
| DE19928741A1 (de) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-12-28 | Basf Ag | Helle Isocyanate, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| IN237581B (de) * | 2002-02-27 | 2010-01-01 | Basf Ag | |
| DE10235476A1 (de) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Basf Ag | Integriertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten |
| JP5219372B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2013-06-26 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 高純度液化塩素の製造方法 |
| RU2281246C1 (ru) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-08-10 | Алексей Николаевич Савельев | Способ получения фосгена из перхлорэтилена |
| DE102006023261A1 (de) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlor aus Chlorwasserstoff und Sauerstoff |
| DE102006024549A1 (de) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen Isocyanaten |
| TW200911693A (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-03-16 | Solvay | Aqueous composition containing a salt, manufacturing process and use |
| DE102007057462A1 (de) | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phosgen mit reduzierter CO-Emission |
| DE102008015901A1 (de) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Elektrolysezelle zur Chlorwasserstoffelektrolyse |
| HUE037914T2 (hu) | 2008-12-16 | 2018-09-28 | Basf Se | Reaktor és eljárás foszgén elõállításához |
| CN102348639A (zh) | 2009-03-11 | 2012-02-08 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备光气的方法 |
| PL217896B1 (pl) * | 2010-04-07 | 2014-08-29 | Zakłady Chemiczne Zachem Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób produkcji fosgenu z zastosowaniem dwutlenku węgla jako surowca |
| NL2008675C2 (nl) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-23 | Lely Patent Nv | Voertuig voor het verplaatsen van voer. |
| EP2872443B1 (de) | 2012-07-11 | 2022-06-15 | Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung von phosgen |
| EP2896597A1 (de) | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-22 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Verfahren zum An- und Abfahren eines Phosgengenerators |
| NL2015654B1 (nl) | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-11 | Peeters Landbouwmach | Mengwagen. |
-
2020
- 2020-04-14 KR KR1020217038699A patent/KR102915554B1/ko active Active
- 2020-04-14 US US17/605,737 patent/US12391557B2/en active Active
- 2020-04-14 WO PCT/EP2020/060433 patent/WO2020216648A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-04-14 CN CN202080031293.3A patent/CN113784917B/zh active Active
- 2020-04-14 EP EP20717673.6A patent/EP3959360A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102915554B1 (ko) | 2026-01-20 |
| WO2020216648A1 (de) | 2020-10-29 |
| KR20220005048A (ko) | 2022-01-12 |
| CN113784917A (zh) | 2021-12-10 |
| US12391557B2 (en) | 2025-08-19 |
| US20220212936A1 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
| CN113784917B (zh) | 2025-03-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2024280B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlor aus chlorwasserstoff und sauerstoff | |
| EP1743882B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten | |
| DE69215093T2 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Zersetzung von Salzlösungen um die entsprechenden Basen und Säuren zu bilden | |
| EP1981806B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlor | |
| EP2067742A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phosgen mit reduzierter CO-Emission | |
| WO2007134771A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlor durch gasphasenoxidation | |
| EP4112780B1 (de) | Dreikammerelektrolysezelle zur herstellung von alkalimetallalkoholaten | |
| DE102008012037A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methylen-diphenyl-diisocyanaten | |
| DE2322757C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formaldehyd | |
| EP2599770B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten | |
| EP1542923A1 (de) | Festbettverfahren zur herstellung von chlor durch katalytische gasphasen-oxidation von chlorwasserstoff | |
| EP3097052B1 (de) | Verfahren zum an- und abfahren eines phosgengenerators | |
| WO2008131870A1 (de) | Verfahren zur oxidation von kohlenmonoxid in einem hcl enthaltenden gasstrom | |
| DE102006024548A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoff-enthaltenden Gases | |
| EP3959360A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von phosgen | |
| EP0070542B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Chlordioxid | |
| DE102007020146A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Reinigung und Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoff enthaltenden Gases | |
| DE102017219974A1 (de) | Herstellung und Abtrennung von Phosgen durch kombinierte CO2 und Chlorid-Elektrolyse | |
| EP2142469B1 (de) | Prozess zur herstellung von chlor aus hcl | |
| DE69310745T2 (de) | ENTFERNUNG VON CHLOR AUS WASSERSTOFF ENTHALTENDEN GASMISCHUNGEN DURCH UMWANDLUNG IN ANWESENHEIT VON PLATIN- ODER PALLADIUMKATALYSATORen | |
| WO2010040462A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlor aus prozessgasen | |
| DE102011005897A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Chlor für chemische Umsetzungen | |
| DE2646129B2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid | |
| DE2326601B2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlormonoxid und dessen Verwendung zum Bleichen von Pulpe bzw. Holzschliff | |
| DE102009005320A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Chlor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20211125 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20240916 |