EP3956395A1 - Thermoplastische elastomerzusammensetzung als verklebesystem für gummi auf basis vernetzter kautschuke - Google Patents
Thermoplastische elastomerzusammensetzung als verklebesystem für gummi auf basis vernetzter kautschukeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3956395A1 EP3956395A1 EP20720341.5A EP20720341A EP3956395A1 EP 3956395 A1 EP3956395 A1 EP 3956395A1 EP 20720341 A EP20720341 A EP 20720341A EP 3956395 A1 EP3956395 A1 EP 3956395A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- thermoplastic elastomer
- cross
- linked
- tpe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 38
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- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-octadiene Chemical compound C=CCCCCC=C XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- UVJHQYIOXKWHFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,4-diene Chemical compound C1C=CCC=C1 UVJHQYIOXKWHFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005044 dihydroquinolinyl group Chemical class N1(CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;hydrate Chemical class O.O=[Si]=O LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSSCl PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl sulfide Chemical group C=CSC=C UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
Definitions
- Thermoplastic elastomer composition as an adhesive system for rubber based on cross-linked rubbers
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic elastomer comprising an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer, a double bond-containing polymer with a molar proportion of double bonds in the range from 5 to 100 mol%, based on the number of moles of all monomer units used for the polymerization double bond-containing polymer, and a non-elastomeric polyolefin.
- thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention has the advantage that it can be combined with a rubber based on crosslinked diene-rubber mixtures, cross-linked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), cross-linked natural rubber (NR ), cross-linked butyl rubber (IIR) or a mixture thereof (hereinafter referred to simply as "rubber" for the sake of simplicity).
- EPDM cross-linked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- SBR cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber
- NR cross-linked natural rubber
- IIR cross-linked butyl rubber
- a composite material can be produced from the thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention and the rubber Surface covering can be produced, which can be used, for example, as a running track and / or fall protection covering on playgrounds and sports fields.
- runway and fall protection surfaces are manufactured using a system made up of several components in which at least two components, usually from different manufacturers, have to be mixed in the correct ratio, i.e. the rubber granulate must be used in a certain ratio to the adhesive. This is labor-intensive and has sources of error. In addition, the compatibility of all components to be used is always a challenge, since different rubbers also require different adhesives.
- the adhesive used for the rubber granules it would be desirable for the adhesive used for the rubber granules to have elastic properties in addition to the adhesive property, so that a desired elongation at break and tensile strength is ensured. Furthermore, it would also be desirable that the granules used for the production of the surface covering themselves have adhesive properties.
- thermoplastic elastomer compositions are also known which enable adhesion to, for example, EPDM. Such a composition is described in the patent application with the application number DE 10 2017 112 243.
- SBC styrene block copolymer
- the SBC used have the disadvantage that they do not have a shear-free flow behavior when the temperature rises above their melting temperature, ie the polymer softens but does not flow or, in particular, does not fuse with other parts of the same polymer. Temperatures that are too high can damage the material.
- thermoplastic elastomer compositions stands in the way of a simple and economical covering. Due to the lack of shear-free flow behavior of SBC-containing thermoplastic elastomers, such granules cannot be glued to them.
- the present invention provides a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) which is an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer, a double bond-containing polymer with a molar proportion of double bonds in the range from 5 to 100 mol%, based on the number of moles of all Monomer units of the double bond-containing polymer used for the polymerization, and a non-elastomeric polyolefin. Since the TPE according to the invention comprises various components, it can also be referred to as a TPE composition or TPE compound.
- TPE thermoplastic elastomer
- a TPE is understood to mean one which consists of a polymer mixture (blend) and at its service temperature has properties that are similar to those of vulcanized rubber, but which can be processed and reprocessed like a thermoplastic at elevated temperatures.
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers are distinguished by the property of good flexibility and elasticity.
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin random copolymers have some deficiencies such as poor heat resistance, relatively low melting point, insufficient compression set, poor abrasion resistance and poor processability. Therefore, random ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers are not suitable for processing by injection molding. In comparison with random ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers, the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers used according to the invention do not have these deficits.
- Ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers generally have a good heat resistance, a higher melting point, an improved Compression set, good elasticity and good abrasion resistance.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers are therefore particularly suitable as elastomeric components for the TPE according to the invention. They are also suitable for processing in injection molding. Due to the higher melting point, good heat resistance and high abrasion resistance, they are outstandingly suitable as a component of the TPE according to the invention, which when used according to the invention in surfaces such as fall protection coverings is subject to high exposure to weathering and use.
- Ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers are also characterized by their low to no health hazard potential.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer is preferably essentially free of olefinically unsaturated double bonds.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer is a linear multiblock copolymer of polyethylene blocks and ⁇ -olefin blocks.
- a multiblock copolymer is understood to mean one that has two or more different blocks.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer is defined and described in more detail below and examples thereof are given.
- the polymer containing double bonds is preferably an unhydrogenated styrene block copolymer (SBC), an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer containing double bonds or a crosslinkable, uncrosslinked diene rubber, preferably styrene Isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS), uncrosslinked EPDM or isoprene rubber (IR).
- SBC unhydrogenated styrene block copolymer
- SIS ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer
- IR isoprene rubber
- the polymer containing double bonds is an unhydrogenated SBC, it is preferred that it has a molar fraction of double bonds in the range from 35 to 70 mol%, more preferably 40 to 65 mol%, based on the mol number of all monomer units used for the polymerization of the unhydrogenated SBC.
- the polymer containing double bonds is a sulfur-crosslinkable, uncrosslinked diene rubber, such as EPDM
- this has a molar proportion of double bonds in the range from 5 to 40 mol%, more preferably 7 to 20 mol%, based on the number of moles of all monomer units of the uncrosslinked diene rubber, preferably EPDMs, used for the polymerisation.
- the sulfur-crosslinkable, uncrosslinked diene rubber is made up of 100 mol% of diene monomers, such as isoprene rubber, which ideally only contains isoprene as the diene monomer, the mole fraction of double bonds is 100 mol% .
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin preferably has a melting point of 120 ° C. or more. Furthermore, the non-elastomeric polyolefin is preferably one which has a melt index (190 ° C / 2.16 kg) in the range of 20 g / 10 min to 160 g / 10 min. Examples of and preferred embodiments of non-elastomeric polyolefins are described below.
- the TPE according to the invention can have a phenolic resin.
- the presence of a phenolic resin can further increase the adhesion properties of the TPE according to the invention to rubber. It is assumed that the reason for this lies in the reaction of the phenolic resin with remaining, unreacted double bonds of the rubber on the one hand and with double bonds in the double bond-containing polymer of the TPE according to the invention on the other hand.
- the phenolic resin preferably has at least two units which can react with double bonds.
- the phenolic resin is preferably a phenolic resin based on octylphenol. Phenolic resins which can be used according to the invention and their preferred embodiments are also described below.
- the TPE according to the invention can also contain a plasticizer.
- Plasticizers which can be used according to the invention are also listed further below.
- the TPE according to the invention can also have a crosslinking aid which serves to accelerate or catalyze the reaction between the double bonds of the double bond-containing polymer and the excess sulfur or the sulfur-containing compound of the rubber.
- the TPE according to the invention can also contain one or more of the following additives: stabilizers, auxiliaries and dyes.
- the TPE according to the invention can also contain fillers. Examples of additives and fillers are also mentioned below.
- the TPE according to the invention can also contain additives which enable the TPE to be heated and melted by microwaves, induction or IR radiation.
- the TPE according to the invention is characterized by improved adhesion to rubber.
- the rubber preferably comprises crosslinked diene-rubber mixtures which can be crosslinked by means of sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds, or consists of these.
- the present invention also relates to a process for producing a TPE, wherein a mixture of an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer, a double bond-containing polymer with a molar proportion of double bonds in the range from 5 to 100 mol%, based on the number of moles of all for the Polymerization used monomer units of the double bond-containing polymer, and a non-elastomeric polyolefin at a temperature above the melting and / or softening point of the non-elastomeric polyolefin are mixed together.
- thermoplastic elastomer As a result of the mixing above the melting point or softening point of the thermoplastic, partial crosslinking can occur in the thermoplastic elastomer as a result of the reaction of double bonds in the polymer containing double bonds.
- the reaction of the dop- pelitatien with one another in the composition according to the invention is only incomplete, so that there are still sufficient double bonds of the double bond-containing polymer, for example, to react with the rubber.
- a TPE according to the invention is preferably produced with the method according to the invention.
- the TPE according to the present invention can be produced by blending / mixing the components A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H mentioned below, if they are present in the TPE.
- the mixture can be made using mixing systems known from rubber technology and plastics technology, such as kneaders, internal mixers, e.g. B. internal mixers with interlocking or tangential rotor geometry, as well as extruders in continuously mixing systems such as mixing, z. B. Mixing extruders with 2 to 4 or more shaft screws (e.g. twin screw extruders).
- the mixing temperature is high enough that component C (non-elastomeric polyolefin) can be converted to the plastic state, but is not damaged in the process. This is ensured if a temperature above the melting or softening temperature of component C is chosen. It is particularly preferred to mix the components - if they are present in the TPE - at a temperature in the range from 100 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 120 ° C to 230 ° C, particularly preferably 140 ° C to 200 ° C made. The period of time for blending / mixing at the stated temperatures is in the range from 0.5 min to 4 min. The composition is then cooled to room temperature.
- components A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H - if they are included in the TPE according to the invention - are preferably placed together before mixing and at temperatures above the melting or softening temperatures of the component C intimately mixed.
- a continuous mixing plant such as an extruder or a twin-screw extruder, is particularly preferred for production. The aforementioned procedure ensures that the composition has the finest and most uniform possible distribution of the components used after the completion of production.
- the TPE according to the invention have very good properties, in particular very good UV resistance, low friction and, at the same time, very good elastic properties (compression set, elongation at break and tensile strength). Furthermore, the TPEs according to the invention have no tendency to oily plasticizers. In addition, they have excellent adhesion to rubber, in particular sulfur-crosslinked rubber, and flow without shear when raised to the melting temperature. In addition, TPEs according to the invention contribute to the elastic properties of the resulting surface covering or do not counteract them. In contrast to adhesives used to date, such as polyurethanes, the TPEs according to the invention have a low or no harmful potential.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a TPE according to the invention for the production of composite particles containing a rubber based on crosslinked diene rubber mixtures, crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), crosslinked natural rubber (NR), crosslinked butyl rubber (IIR) or a mixture thereof, and TPE according to the invention, the surfaces of the rubber and the TPE being bonded to one another.
- EPDM crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- SBR crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber
- NR crosslinked natural rubber
- IIR crosslinked butyl rubber
- the present invention thus also relates to a process for the production of composite particles that contain a rubber based on crosslinked diene-rubber mixtures, crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) , crosslinked natural rubber (NR), crosslinked butyl rubber (IIR) or a mixture thereof, and according to the invention TPE, the surfaces of the rubber and the TPE being bonded to one another.
- the present invention thus also relates to a method for the production of composite particles or the use according to the invention in which a rubber based on recycled rubber, for example from old tires, is used, the surfaces of the recycled rubber and the TPE with one another get connected.
- the rubber-containing particles are / are coated with the thermoplastic elastomer (part) and thus represent a composite material in the form of composite particles.
- the rubber-containing particles can be initially charged and at least partially coated with the TPE according to the invention. To coat the rubber-containing particles, they can either be dipped into the melted TPE or the TPE is trickled onto the rubber-containing particles in the form of micro-granules and then heat-treated with the rubber at a temperature above the melting temperature of the TPE. During the melting of the TPE in the first-mentioned variant or the heat treatment in the second-mentioned variant, a temperature in the range from 140 ° C. to 220 ° C. is used. The particles containing the rubber treated in this way are then allowed to cool to room temperature. In this way, composite particles are obtained in which the particles containing the rubber are at least partially coated with TPE.
- (b) Another possibility for producing the composite particles is to first produce a flat extrudate from rubber, which is then coated with the TPE according to the invention and then made up or granulated to form the composite particles.
- hot TPE can be applied to a hot flat extrudate of an already crosslinked rubber.
- the rubber of the flat extrudate can still be present uncrosslinked and can only be crosslinked after the TPE has been applied.
- the last-mentioned variant has the advantage that the TPE bonds better with the rubber.
- partially coated means that not the entire surface of the rubber-containing particles is coated with TPE, but preferably a sufficient amount of the surface so that when the TPE coating is re-melted, it is distributed over the surface of the particles, and the composite particles can be connected to one another to form a surface covering, but it is also conceivable that the surface of the particles containing the rubber is completely coated with the TPE according to the invention.
- the rubber-containing particles can have various shapes, such as a spherical shape, a disk shape, a rod shape or even irregular shapes.
- the bulk density of the particles is preferably in the range from 200 g / 1 to 800 g / 1, more preferably in a range from 300 g / 1 to 750 g / 1 and most preferably in a range from 400 g / 1 to 700 g / 1, measured according to ISO 697.
- the average particle size is in the range from 0.5 mm to 20 mm and more preferably in a range from 2 mm to 12 mm, the average particle size being determined by sieve analysis.
- At least 90% of the particles have a particle size in the range from 0.2 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 95% of the particles have a particle size in the range ranging from 0.3 mm to 5 mm, and most preferably 100% of the particles have a particle size in the range from 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- a set of sieves of different mesh sizes is arranged one above the other, the particle size being determined by the mesh size of the sieve which just lets the particles pass. This results in a division into certain particle classes, while the sieve fractions occurring in the individual particle classes and the contents of the bottom plate indicate the particle size distribution.
- the volume fraction of inventive TPE in the composite particles according to the invention is preferably in the range from 3% by volume to 40% by volume, more preferably in the range from 5% by volume to 25% by volume, based on the total volume of TPE and Rubber. The same also applies to the manufacturing process for the composite particles.
- either the rubber or the TPE or both can contain one or more additives in the composite particles that can be used according to the invention, which allow the TPE to be heated and melted by microwaves, induction or IR radiation.
- the present invention thus also relates to Kompositparti, a rubber based on crosslinked diene rubber mixtures, crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), crosslinked natural rubber (NR), crosslinked butyl Rubber (IIR), recycled rubber or a mixture thereof, and a TPE according to the invention, the surfaces of the rubber and the TPE being bonded to one another. All at the Preferred features of the composite particles mentioned in the use according to the invention should also apply to the composite particles according to the invention themselves.
- EPDM crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- SBR crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber
- NR crosslinked natural rubber
- IIR crosslinked butyl Rubber
- the present invention also relates to the use of the composite particles according to the invention for producing a surface covering.
- the composite particles are used to produce a surface covering, it is preferred that they are heated to a temperature above the melting point of the TPE and applied as a surface or applied to a surface, or vice versa.
- the TPE or the TPE coating is melted.
- the composite particles are bonded or glued together.
- the composite material can also first be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the TPE and then applied as a surface or applied to a surface. In this way, surface coverings can be produced from composite particles that are connected / glued to one another.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a surface covering using the composite particles according to the invention, the composite particles being applied as a surface or being applied to a surface. All process steps and features mentioned in the use according to the invention for producing a surface covering also apply to the method according to the invention for producing a surface covering.
- the heating of the composite particles to a temperature above the melting point of the TPE is preferably carried out in a temperature range from 140.degree. C. to 220.degree. C., preferably 160.degree up to 220 ° C.
- the composite particles are heated for a period of up to 10 minutes.
- the composite particles are preferably heated with the aid of a heating device, for example by means of a heating extruder. Corresponding heating techniques are described below.
- the composite particles can be heated in a heater and then applied as a surface or applied to a surface.
- a heat heater can be used for heating or, if the composite particles contain appropriate additives, an induction heater, microwave heater or IR radiant heater can be used.
- the composite particles already applied as a surface or applied to a surface can also be heated by a suitably heated leveling roller or a self-propelled or remotely controlled heating and / or leveling robot.
- the last-mentioned devices can also be heated by means of normal heating, induction, microwave radiation, or IR radiation. Further heating and laying techniques are described below.
- the thickness of the surface covering produced in this way is preferably in a range from 10 mm to 200 mm. If the surface covering is designed as a fall protection covering, its thickness is preferably in a range from 30 mm to 150 mm and even more preferably in a range from 50 mm to 120 mm. If the surface covering is designed as a raceway covering, its thickness is preferably in the range from 10 mm to 20 mm.
- the present invention thus also relates to a surface covering in which the composite particles according to the invention have the thermoplastic elastomer interconnected or glued ver.
- a "surface covering” is understood to mean any surface provided with a layer of interconnected / glued particles (for example composed of the composite particles or the particles of the alternatives mentioned below).
- the surface covering is preferably a running track surface and / or fall protection surface covering or surface Surface covering for absorbing impacts. It is therefore preferably used as a floor covering for playgrounds, sports or leisure areas.
- the surface covering can be used as a superstructure material on another surface covering, the latter being referred to as substructure material.
- the surface covering can also be used as a the substructure material is used.
- the surface covering produced from the composite particles is preferably used as the uppermost covering (superstructure material) on a further surface covering, the latter being referred to as the lower construction material.
- EPDM is preferably used as the rubber in the composite particles.
- Variant (1) Production of a two-component mixture from particles of the TPE according to the invention and particles containing rubber.
- the particles containing the rubber and the particles made of TPE are preferably used as two-component mixtures. research submitted.
- the two-component mixture is preferably heated to a temperature above the melting point of the TPE and then applied as a surface or applied to a surface.
- the rubbers contain the particles preferably have the average particle size and particle size distribution and bulk density specified above in connection with the use according to the invention. The same also applies to the rubber-containing particles used in variant (2) below.
- the particles of the TPE according to the invention preferably have an average particle size in the range from 2 mm to 6 mm and more preferably an average particle size in the range from 3 mm to 5 mm.
- the average particle size is determined by means of sieve analysis.
- the volume fraction of inventive TPE in the two-component mixture is preferably in the range from 3% by volume to 40% by volume, more preferably in the range from 5% by volume to 25% by volume, based on the total volume of the two-component mixture .
- the two-component mixture is preferably heated to a temperature in the range from 140 ° C to 220 ° C, more preferably to a temperature in the range from 160 ° C to 220 ° C.
- a surface covering by means of the two-component mixture it is preferred that this is first heated in a heater.
- a heating extruder in a laying machine can be used for this purpose, for example. Further heating and laying techniques are described below.
- the TPE is preferably distributed evenly around the particles containing the rubber.
- the heating and mixing are preferably carried out over a period of 2 to 6 minutes.
- the hot laying compound produced in this way is applied as a surface covering.
- the surface covering is allowed to ten.
- the surface covering produced in this way is preferably used as a substructure material for a surface covering to be applied as a superstructure material.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a two-component mixture of particles of the TPE according to the invention and particles containing rubber.
- the volume fraction of TPE in the two-component mixture according to the invention is preferably in the range from 3% by volume to 40% by volume, more preferably in the range from 5% by volume to 25% by volume, based on the total volume of particles of the inventive mixture Particles containing TPE and rubber.
- the two-component mixture according to the invention is preferably applied as a surface or applied to a surface and then heated to a temperature above the melting point of the TPE.
- the TPE is melted in the process.
- the particles of the two-component mixture are bonded or glued together. In this way, surface coverings can be produced from particles of the two-component mixture that are connected / glued to one another.
- Variant (2) Another possibility according to the invention for producing a surface covering is to present the TPE (preferably in the form of particles) and the rubber-containing particles separately and only mix them before laying.
- the TPE is preferably in the form of Particles before. It is preferred that in a step (a) a melt is produced from particles of the TPE, then in a step (b) the melt is mixed with the rubber-containing particles to form a laying compound, and then in a step (c) the laying compound brought out as a surface or applied to a surface. Step (a) is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from 140 ° C to 220 ° C, preferably 160 ° C to 220 ° C.
- Step (b) is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from 140 ° C to 180 ° C, preferably 140 ° C to 160 ° C.
- the particles made of TPE and the particles containing rubber are presented separately and only mixed for laying.
- Step (a) is preferably carried out in a heating device, for example a heating extruder. Further heating and laying techniques are described below.
- the rubber-containing particles and the TPE melt are then preferably mixed in a mixer. This forms particles of rubber, the surface of which is partially or completely coated with the TPE according to the invention. These coated particles are then applied as a hot laying compound as a surface covering.
- the advantage of this variant is that the production of a melt from the TPE according to the invention can take place at higher temperatures than when the rubber-containing particles are already present.
- a surface covering produced in this way can be used in accordance with the invention as a substructure material or superstructure material for a fall protection covering.
- a surface covering produced in this way used as a substructure material for a fall protection covering.
- the volume fraction of TPE in step (b) is preferably in the range from 3% by volume to 40% by volume, more preferably in the range from 5% by volume to 25% by volume, based on the total volume of TPE and rubber containing particles.
- the particles of the TPE according to the invention preferably have an average particle size in the range from 2 mm to 6 mm and more preferably an average particle size in the range from 3 mm to 5 mm.
- the present invention therefore also relates to the use of a TPE according to the invention as a system for connecting / gluing rubber-containing particles based on cross-linked diene-rubber mixtures, cross-linked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber ( SBR), cross-linked natural rubber (NR), cross-linked butyl rubber (IIR), recycled rubber or a mixture thereof.
- EPDM cross-linked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- SBR cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber
- NR cross-linked natural rubber
- IIR cross-linked butyl rubber
- the present invention thus also relates to a composite material in which rubber-containing particles are based on cross-linked diene-rubber mixtures, cross-linked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), cross-linked natural rubber (NR ), cross-linked butyl rubber (IIR), recycled rubber or a mixture thereof are connected to one another via a TPE according to the invention.
- This composite material is preferably produced by either mixing the rubber-containing particles with already melted TPE and then joining them, or by mixing the rubber-containing particles with particles of the TPE according to the invention and then landed be heated.
- the composite material according to the invention can also be shaped in the form of a surface covering - as described above be.
- the present invention relates generally to the use of a TPE according to the invention for the manufacture of a surface covering and the surface covering itself.
- the surface covering can consist of the TPE.
- particles of TPE are preferably heated to a temperature above the melting point of the TPE and applied to a surface.
- the preferred features of the particles made of TPE mentioned above in other embodiments according to the invention, the temperatures mentioned above the melting point of the TPE and the methods of application to a surface are also preferred here.
- any laying machines or laying devices which have the functions of mixing, tempering, homogenizing, transporting, spreading, applying and smoothing are suitable for producing the surface covering that can be produced according to the invention.
- a hot air process, induction process or an irradiation process with UV or IR radiation can be used, in which the starting materials (TPE, or TPE and rubber-containing particles) are applied as a surface or applied to a surface, and are then subjected to the respective procedure for fixation.
- the starting materials TPE, or TPE and rubber-containing particles
- machines similar to conventional asphalt paving machines can be used that have an attached or integrated material processing.
- the TPE and the particles containing the rubber can be mixed cold, and then brought to the temperature at which the TPE melts, for example in an extruder.
- a conventional asphalt paving machine with separate material preparation or an asphalt paving machine combined with a thermal container system can be used.
- the starting materials can be mixed with one another in an internal mixer in a certain mixing ratio, brought to the above-mentioned melting temperature of the TPE, homogenized and prepared for further processing. Further processing can be carried out using the following methods: thermal container system, twin screw extruder, single screw extruder, metal belts, smoothing ruler or a so-called roller die system.
- a hot air process with a roller die system can also be used. Both of them can do this Starting materials (TPE, or particles containing TPE and rubber) are conveyed in a certain mixing ratio by pressure and pre-melting to a wide-film nozzle. Hot air is preferably blown into the nozzle to melt the TPE, the rubber-containing particles being coated by the TPE. Then the melted materi al is laid as a web material by a roller die or a roller arrangement. The roller gap can be varied in order to produce the surface covering in different thicknesses.
- TPE or particles containing TPE and rubber
- An extruder can also be used to produce the surface covering.
- the TPE is preferably first melted, and the particles containing the rubber are fed in in several stages.
- the screw length of the extruder can vary from 20-40D.
- the screw geometry preferably consists of feeding zones, shear zones, homogenizing zones, compression zones and discharge zones. At the end of the screw there is preferably a tool with different tool nozzles, depending on the geometry of the extrudate to be obtained.
- a turbo mixer can also be used for the production of the surface covering.
- the starting materials TPE, or TPE and rubber-containing particles
- TPE melting temperature of the TPE
- Further processing can take place as mentioned under point (ii).
- a turbo mixer with a cantilever arm can also be used.
- the starting materials TPE, or TPE and rubber-containing particles
- the turbo mixer is equipped with a cantilever arm system that allows the hot mixture to be transported to the respective processing location.
- a smoothing tool is preferably used directly on site to smooth the surface covering.
- the starting materials (TPE, or particles containing TPE and rubber) are mixed with one another and applied to a surface on site.
- the material applied to a surface is brought to the melting temperature of the TPE using an induction process.
- these are coated with the TPE. This creates a homogeneous surface covering.
- the starting materials (TPE or TPE and rubber containing particles) are mixed with one another and applied to a surface as a 2-component mixture on site.
- the material is heated as described under (i) to (vii) and the material is brought to the melting temperature of the TPE using highly concentrated UV or IR light.
- the mixture is brought to the melting temperature of the TPE by means of the resulting crosslinking heat using highly concentrated UV or IR light. If particles containing rubber are used, these are coated with the TPE, creating a homogeneous surface covering.
- a surface covering in the form of sheets or plates can also be produced in the factory, which is then applied to the the place is transported.
- the following options (I) - (V) are available for producing the surface covering:
- the starting materials (TPE, or TPE and rubber-containing particles) are mixed with one another by means of a single-screw extruder or twin-screw extruder, brought to the melting temperature of the TPE, homogenized and then applied to a fabric.
- the fabric is preferably a fabric made of polyethylene or polypropylene or a mixture thereof.
- TPE TPE
- rubber-containing particles The starting materials (TPE, or TPE and rubber-containing particles) are mixed with one another in a turbo mixer, brought to the melting temperature of the TPE, homogenized and prepared for further processing in sheet or plate material.
- the TPE is dissolved in a solvent and the solution obtained is sprayed onto the rubber-containing particles, a homogeneous mixture being formed.
- a sheet or plate material can be produced from this mixture.
- the rubber in the rubber-containing particles is preferably a crosslinked rubber.
- the crosslinking can take place by means of sulfur or phenolic resins, or also peroxidically.
- the crosslinking is particularly preferably carried out by means of sulfur, ie the crosslinked rubber is preferably a sulfur crosslinked rubber.
- the rubber is preferably a rubber based on crosslinked diene rubber mixtures, crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), crosslinked natural rubber (NR), crosslinked butyl Rubber (IIR) or a mixture thereof.
- EPDM crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- SBR crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber
- NR crosslinked natural rubber
- IIR crosslinked butyl Rubber
- the rubber that can be used according to the invention can also be recycled rubber, for example made from recycled old tires. It is preferred that the recycled rubber is used in the two-component mixture or in the variant in which a TPE melt is first produced, to which the rubber-containing particles are then added.
- the rubber that can be used according to the invention or the particles containing the rubber can contain, in addition to the crosslinked rubbers mentioned above, a plasticizer, fillers and / or anti-aging agents.
- the proportion of rubber here is preferably in the range from 10% by weight to 50% by weight, more preferably in the range from 15% by weight to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the rubber-containing particles.
- Dutral® TER 4038 EP from Versalis, Vistalon 7500 TM from ExxonMobil or Nordel TM IP 4640 from Dow Chemical.
- the rubber-containing particles are used relatively freshly produced to produce the surface covering, i.e. it is preferred that the surface is not older than 4 hours, preferably not older than 2 hours. This ensures that both sulfur and / or sulfur-containing compounds and the unreacted (uncrosslinked) free double bonds of the vulcanized rubber mixture on the surface are available for adhesion to the TPE.
- the rubber component in the rubber or the rubber-containing particles is very particularly preferably an EPDM rubber, in particular a sulfur-crosslinked EPDM rubber.
- An EPDM rubber is understood herein to mean an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber which is a terpolymer, synthetic rubber.
- EPDM is one of the statistical copolymers with a saturated polymer main chain structure and double bonds in the side chain, which can be used to crosslink the EPDM rubber in the rubber mixture with the help of the vulcanization system.
- EPDM is preferably produced using metallocene or Ziegler-Natta catalysts based on vanadium compounds and aluminum-alkyl chlorides.
- Unconjugated dienes are used as dienes, of which only one double bond is involved in the formation of the polymer chain, so that further double bonds remain outside the direct basic chain structure and can be crosslinked peroxidically or phenolically with sulfur.
- Dicyclopentadiene (DCP), 1,4- Hexadiene or ethylidene norbornene (ENB, IUPAC: 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) are used, ENB being particularly preferred.
- the dienes differ in terms of the speed of networking. DCP has the lowest, ENB the highest reactivity.
- the EPDM is preferably one that has been crosslinked with sulfur. In this way, bonds between the composition according to the invention and the sulfur atoms can be established.
- Dutral 4038, Vistalon 7500 or Nordel 4640 can be used as EPDM rubber.
- An ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer is understood in accordance with the invention to mean a multiblock copolymer which is produced by polymerizing at least two different types of monomers.
- the at least two different types of monomers are ethylene monomer and ⁇ -olefin monomers (hereinafter referred to as "repeating units" with respect to the polymer).
- ⁇ -olefin monomers can be used the .
- a multiblock copolymer is understood to mean a polymer which has two or more chemically different areas or segments (also referred to as "blocks") which are preferably connected to one another in a linear manner, ie a polymer which has chemically different blocks which In a preferred embodiment, the blocks differ in terms of the amount or type of comonomer used therein (the comonomer different from ethylene), the density of the crystalline fraction, the crystal size, the type or grade the tacticity (isotactic or syndiotactic), the degree of branching, the homogeneity and other chemical or physical properties.
- the multiblock copolymer can be composed according to the following formula:
- n is at least 1, preferably an integer greater than 1, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or higher is.
- A sets a hard segment and B sets soft segment of the polymer.
- the segments A and B are preferably linked in a linear manner.
- the segments A and B are described in more detail below.
- the segments A and B are preferably distributed randomly along the polymer chain.
- the multiblock copolymer usually does not have the structure AAA-AA-BBB-BB.
- the multiblock copolymers preferably do not have a third type of block besides the A and B segments.
- Each of the segments A and B preferably has statistically distributed repeat units.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer preferably comprises a plurality of ethylene, i. the ethylene content, based on the total repeating units of the polymer, is at least 50 mol%, more preferably at least 60 mol%, even more preferably at least 70 mol% and most preferably at least 80 mol%.
- the proportion of -olefin, based on the total repeating units of the polymer is preferably in the range of 10 mol% to 20 mol%, more preferably 15 mol% to 20 mol%.
- the content of different repeat units can be measured by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
- a “hard” segment A is understood to mean blocks of polymerized repeat units in which ethylene is present in an amount greater than 95% by weight, more preferably greater than 98% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer.
- the comonomer content (the comonomer other than ethylene) in the hard segments is less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer.
- the hard segment is made entirely of ethylene.
- a "soft” segment B is understood as meaning blocks of polymerized repeat units in which the comonomer content (content of repeat units which are different from ethylene) is greater than 5% by weight, more preferably greater than 8% by weight, is even more preferably greater than 10% by weight and most preferably greater than 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer.
- the comonomer content in the soft segment can be greater than 20% by weight, more preferably greater than 25 wt.%, even more preferably greater than 30 wt.%, even more preferably greater than 35 wt.%, even more preferably greater than 40 wt.%, even more preferably greater than 45 wt .-%, even more preferably greater than 50 wt .-% and most preferably greater than 60 wt .-%.
- the soft segments B are in the multiblock copolymer preferably in a proportion of 1 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, from 5 wt .-% to 95 wt .-%, from 10 wt .-% to 90 wt %, from 15% by weight to 85% by weight, from 20% by weight to 80% by weight, from 25% by weight to 75% by weight, from 30% by weight to 70 wt%, from 35 wt% to 65 wt%, from 40 wt% to 60 wt%, from 45 wt% to 55 wt%, based on the Total weight of the polymer.
- the hard segments A can be present in the same areas.
- the weight proportions of soft and hard segments can be calculated on the basis of data obtained from differential calorimetry (DSC) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
- DSC differential calorimetry
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers which can be used according to the invention and their processes for production are also described in WO 2006/101966 A1.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers also have a density in the range from 0.86 g / cm 3 to 0.91 g / cm 3 .
- the molecular weight distribution M w / M n in the case of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers is preferably in a range from 1.5 to 8.0, more preferably in a range from 1.7 to 3.5.
- the weight average molecular weight M w of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers is preferably in a range from 10,000 to 2,500,000, more preferably from 20,000 to 500,000 and most preferably from 20,000 to 350,000.
- the determination of the weight-average molecular weight M w and the molecular weight distribution M w / M n is preferably carried out by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers used in accordance with the invention are preferably polymers which comprise ethylene and at least one C3-C20 ⁇ -olefin.
- the ⁇ -olefins used according to the invention are preferably monounsaturated compounds, such as monounsaturated C3-C20 aliphatic compounds, or aromatic compounds which have a monounsaturated radical, such as a vinyl unit.
- monounsaturated C3-C20 aliphatic compounds can be straight-chain, branched or cyclic compounds.
- Examples of monounsaturated compounds or aromatic compounds that have a monounsaturated radical are as follows: Propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1- hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1- Eicosene, 3-methyl-l-butene, 3-methyl-l-pentene, 4-methyl-l-pentene, 4,6-dimethyl-l-heptene, vinylcyclohexane, ethylidene norbornene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene, styrene, o-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, t-butyl styrene, and the like.
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers are used which are essentially free of olefinically unsaturated double bonds.
- the molar proportion of olefinically unsaturated double bonds is preferably less than 0.5 mol%, more preferably less than 0.1 mol% and particularly preferably less than 0.01 mol%, based on the number of moles of all for the Polymerization used monomer units of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer.
- the ethylene-o ⁇ -olefin block copolymer does not contain any olefinically unsaturated double bonds.
- the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer is composed only of repeat units which originate from the polymerization of ethylene and simply unsaturated ⁇ -olefins.
- Ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers described above are available for example under the brand name INFUSE TM from The Dow Chemical Company.
- Component B polymer containing double bonds with a molar proportion of double bonds in the range from 5 to 100 mol%
- the polymer containing double bonds can have double bonds in the main chain or in the side chain.
- the polymer containing double bonds can be an unhydrogenated styrene block copolymer (SBC), a sulfur-crosslinkable, uncrosslinked diene rubber or an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer containing double bonds.
- the SBC has at least one polyolefin block in addition to at least one polystyrene block, it being possible for the polyolefin block to be made up of, for example, butadiene or isoprene.
- the polyolefin block is made up of, for example, butadiene or isoprene.
- the unhydrogenated SBC is a linear triblock copolymer.
- SBS polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene
- SIS polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene
- SIBS polystyrene-block-poly (isoprene-co-butadiene) -block-polystyrene
- SBS polystyrene-block-poly (isoprene-co-butadiene) -block-polystyrene
- SIBS polystyrene-block-poly (isoprene-co-butadiene) -block-polystyrene
- the polymer containing double bonds is very particularly preferably an SIS.
- SBS is, for example, Kraton® D (Kraton)
- SIS is available, for example, from Kuraray as Hybrar®.
- the diene rubbers to be understood according to the invention as a double bond-containing polymer include both homopolymers of dienes and random copolymers of at least two dienes, as well as random copolymers of different olefinic monomers, for example one or more monoolefins with one or more dienes.
- olefin-diene rubbers can also be found for statistical rubber copolymers of one or more monoolefins with one or more dienes.
- diene homopolymers, diene random copolymers, and olefin-diene random copolymers is not made. All of the above variants are referred to as diene rubbers.
- Preferred double-bond-containing diene rubbers according to the invention are those which are sulfur-crosslinkable. It is also preferred that the diene rubbers in the TPE composition according to the invention are not crosslinked.
- Preferred diene rubbers are copolymers of one or more olefins and a diene.
- the olefins used here are preferably ethylene, propylene or butylene, where ethylene and propylene are preferred.
- Non-conjugated dienes are preferably used as dienes, so that the polymer produced has a double bond in the side chain.
- Dicyclopentadiene (DCP), 1,4-hexadiene or ethylidene norbornene (ENB, IUPAC: 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) are used as diene components.
- the dienes differ in terms of the rate of crosslinking. EPDM containing DCP have the lowest, EPDM containing ENB the highest reactivity.
- the diene rubber is preferably used uncrosslinked.
- a particularly prominent representative is uncrosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM).
- Uncrosslinked EPDM is a terpolymer, synthetic rubber.
- EPDM is one of the statistical copolymers with a saturated polymer backbone.
- the preparation is carried out preferably with metallocene or Ziegler-Natta catalysts Based on vanadium compounds and aluminum-alkyl chlorides.
- the aforementioned dienes are used as dienes.
- This type of random diene rubbers can be crosslinked with sulfur, phenolic or peroxide, and according to the invention they are preferably used uncrosslinked or only partially crosslinked or are present in the composition according to the invention.
- a further preferred diene rubber is a homopolymer which is polymerized from a diene, preferably a conjugated diene, polymerized.
- a particularly preferred example of this is isoprene rubber (IR), a synthetically produced variant of natural rubber. It differs from this primarily in the somewhat lower chemical purity. This is because the catalysts used for the polymerization are less effective than the naturally occurring enzymes.
- the purity of natural rubber is preferably more than 99.9%, whereas in the case of the synthetically produced IR - depending on the catalyst used - it is only about 92% to 97%.
- IR can also be crosslinked peroxide, phenolic or with sulfur.
- the diene rubber based on homopolymers is preferably used uncrosslinked or partially crosslinked, or is present in the composition according to the invention in uncrosslinked or partially crosslinked.
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers containing double bonds ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers similar to component A described above can be used which, in addition to the ethylene and the ⁇ -olefin, also have a diene.
- the diene is preferably only incorporated into the polymer chain via one of the double bonds, ie the other double bonds are still present in the resulting polymer.
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymers can also be used in which no monounsaturated ⁇ -olefins but only dienes are used for their preparation as ⁇ -olefins.
- dienes examples include:
- ethylene-olefin block copolymers which are copolymerized from ethylene, C3-C20 o ⁇ -olefin and one or more dienes.
- olefins propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene, propylene and 1-octene being particularly preferred.
- Preferred dienes here are: 1,4-pentadiene,
- the ethylene content is preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 90% by weight and more preferably in the range from 60% by weight to 90% by weight.
- the diene content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the ⁇ -olefin content is preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 80% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10% by weight % to 40% by weight. The contents are based in each case on the total weight of the polymer.
- the polymer containing double bonds is preferably used in an amount such that the weight ratio of ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer (component A) to the polymer containing double bonds (component B) in the TPE according to the invention is in the range from 10: 1 to 2: 1, more preferably ranges from 7: 1 to 4: 1.
- Component C non-elastomeric polyolefin
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin employed in the present invention can be anything suitable for making TPE.
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin is preferably a thermoplastic.
- Non-elastomeric polyolefins are, for example, copolymers made from polyethylene, such as HDPE (high density polyethylene), MDPE (medium density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), VLDPE (very low density polyethylene); a homopolymer of polyethylene or propylene; a random copolymer of propylene and ethylene; and combinations thereof.
- polyethylene such as HDPE (high density polyethylene), MDPE (medium density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), VLDPE (very low density polyethylene); a homopolymer of polyethylene or propylene; a random copolymer of propylene and ethylene; and combinations thereof.
- This is particularly preferred non-elastomeric polyolefin a polyethylene.
- Commercially available polyethylenes are, for example, PE ExxonMobil LD655 from ExxonMobil or PE Queo 0230 from
- Polyolefins suitable for the invention are above all those which are suitable for processing by injection molding. Suitable polyolefins are those with good flow properties and rigidity.
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin can have an elongation at break according to ISO 527-1, -2 in the range from 1% to 500%, preferably in the range from 10% to 300%, more preferably> 50%. Furthermore, it preferably has a Shore hardness (Shore D, 15 s) in the range from 30 to 50. Furthermore, the non-elastomeric polyolefin is preferably one which has a melt index (190 ° C. / 2.16 kg) in the range of 20 g / 10 min to 160 g / 10 min.
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin is preferably used in an amount such that the weight ratio of ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer (component A) to the non-elastomeric polyolefin (component C) in the TPE according to the invention is in the range from 3: 1 to 0, 5: 1, more preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 1.
- Component D phenolic resin
- phenolic resins are used when the TPE according to the invention is to establish further bonds between the rubber in addition to the connections between the excess sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of the crosslinking system of the rubber.
- the phenolic Resins with double bonds of the rubber and double bonds of the double bond-containing polymer of the TPE according to the invention react.
- Phenolic resins which can be used according to the invention are preferably those which, with elimination of water, can enter into a bond with two different double bonds at at least two points on the phenolic resin. It is also possible to use brominated or chlorinated phenolic resins. In the latter case, there is no elimination of water, but the elimination of hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide.
- phenolic resins with sufficiently high reactivity at mixed temperatures of at least 180 ° C. are preferably used.
- Phenolic resins suitable for crosslinking are known to the person skilled in the art and are usually obtained by reacting phenol with aldehydes (phenol-formaldehyde resin).
- Phenolic resins suitable for this are, for example, the reaction products of octylphenol with formaldehyde, for example SP-1045 H (SP-1045, HRJ-10518 H from Schenectady International Inc.), which is an octylphenol-formaldehyde resin containing methylol groups, is suitable in the case of brominated phenolic resins, brominated octylphenolic resins, for example those with the trade names SP-1055 or SP-1056.
- Suitable Cl-containing Lewis acids are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the at least one phenolic resin is preferably used - if present - in an amount such that the weight ratio of ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer (component A) to the phenolic resin (component D) in the TPE according to the invention is in the range from 12: 1 to 5: 1, more preferably in the range 10: 1 to 7: 1.
- Component E crosslinking aid
- Crosslinking auxiliaries can be used to accelerate and catalyze the formation of bonds between the TPE according to the invention and the rubber.
- Inorganic acids such as SnCl2 and / or ZnO, are preferably used here.
- halogen-containing elastomers such as, for example, chloroprene rubber.
- ZnO is particularly preferred because it also acts as a catalyst.
- the crosslinking aid is preferably - if present - used in an amount that the weight ratio of ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer (component A) to the crosslinking aid (component E) in the TPE according to the invention is in the range from 40: 1 to 10: 1, more preferably in the range from 30: 1 to 15: 1.
- Component F plasticizer
- Plasticizers suitable according to the invention are technical or medicinal mineral or white oils, native oils, such as, for example, soybean or rapeseed oil. Mixtures of the substance classes described can also be used as suitable plasticizers.
- plasticizer An example of a commercially available plasticizer is Shell Catenex T 145 S from Shell.
- the plasticizer is preferably used - if present - in an amount that the weight ratio of ethylene-a-olefin block copolymer (component A) to the plasticizer (component F) in the TPE according to the invention is in the range from 2.5: 1 to 0.5: 1, more preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 1, and even more preferably in the range of 1.6: 1 to 1.2: 1.
- Component G Stabilizers, auxiliaries and colorants (additives)
- Suitable additives are, for example, processing aids, metal soaps, fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, factice ([artificial word]: rubber-like substance that is obtained, for example, by the action of sulfur or sulfur chloride on drying oils; used to stretch rubber), aging, UV or Ozone protection agents such as ozone protection waxes, antioxidants, e.g. polycarbodiimides (e.g.
- Rhenogran®, PCD-50 substituted phenols, substituted bisphenols, dihydroquinolines, diphenylamines, phenylnaphthylamines, paraphenylenediamines, benzimidazoles, paraffin waxes, titanium dioxide, litophones, pigments, microcrystalline waxes, pigments Zinc oxide, iron oxide, ultramarine blue, chromium oxide, antimony sulfite; Stabilizers such as heat stabilizers, weathering stabilizers; Oxidation inhibitors, e.g. p-dicumyldiphenylamine (e.g. Naugard® 445), styrenated diphenylamine (e.g.
- Vulcanox® DDA zinc Salt of methyl mercaptobenzimidazole
- Vulcanox® ZMB2 zinc Salt of methyl mercaptobenzimidazole
- polymerized 1,2-dihydro-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline e.g. Vulcanox® HS
- thiodiethylene bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy) hydrocinamate thiodiethylene bis [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (eg Irganox® 1035)
- lubricants e.g. 1035
- mold release agents anti-flame agents (flame retardants)
- adhesion promoters markers, minerals and crystallization accelerators and -delayers.
- processing aids and stabilizers can be used as processing aids and stabilizers: Antistatic agents, antifoam agents, lubricants, dispersants, release agents, anti-blocking agents, radical scavengers, antioxidants, biocides, fungicides, UV stabilizers, other light stabilizers, metal deactivators, and also additives such as foaming aids, blowing agents, flame retardants, smoke gas suppressors, impact resistance modifiers, adhesives, anti-fogging agents, dyes, color pigments, color masterbatches, viscosity modifiers and anti-aging agents.
- UV or IR crosslinking systems or microwave-active agents are also used as additives.
- UV stabilizers and antioxidants are particularly preferably used as auxiliaries.
- Additives are preferably used - if present - in an amount that the weight ratio of ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer (component A) to the sum of all additives (component G) in the composition according to the invention is in the range from 60: 1 to 15: 1, more preferably in the range from 50: 1 to 20: 1.
- Component H filler
- Suitable fillers are e.g. Soot, chalk (calcium carbonate), kaolin, silica, talc (magnesium silicate), aluminum oxide hydrate, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, barium sulfate, zinc carbonate, calcined kaolin (e.g. Polestar® 200 P), calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide , Aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, silanized kaolins, silanized silicate, coated chalk, treated kaolins, fumed silica, hydrophobized fumed silica (e.g.
- Aerosil® 972 synthetic amorphous precipitated silica, carbon black, graphite, nanoscale fillers such as carbon nanofibrils, Nanoparticles in platelet form or nanoscale silicon dioxide hydrates and minerals.
- a calcium carbonate preferably from Bassermann minerals (Omyacarb 5 Gu), is particularly preferably used as the filler.
- the filler is preferably used in an amount such that the weight ratio of ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer (component A) to the filler (component I) in the TPE according to the invention is in the range from 3: 1 to 0.5: 1, more preferably ranges from 2: 1 to 1: 1.
- the number or the molar fraction of double bonds in the polymer containing double bonds is derived or calculated from the number of moles / number of monomer units used for the polymerization and the double bonds still remaining in the polymer after the polymerization.
- the density is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1183-1.
- the Shore hardness is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 868 and DIN ISO 7619-1.
- Tensile strength is the maximum mechanical tensile stress that a material can withstand before it breaks / tears. It is calculated in the tensile test from the maximum tensile force achieved based on the original cross-section of the (standardized) specimen and stated in N / mm 2 .
- the elongation at break is a material parameter that indicates the permanent elongation of the break in relation to the initial measuring length.
- the elongation at break is one of many parameters in materials testing and characterizes the deformability of a material. It is the permanent change in length DI related to the initial measurement length Do of a specimen in the tensile test after a break. This change in length is given in%.
- the compression set is a measure of how (thermoplastic) elastomers behave with long-lasting, constant compression and subsequent relaxation. According to DIN ISO 815, the compression set (DVR, compression set) is measured at constant deformation. This represents the deformation portion of the test material.
- the compression set is an important factor to consider before using a material for a particular purpose.
- the permanent deformation, the compression set (compression set) is an important parameter, especially for the use of seals and backing plates made of elastomers.
- a cylindrical test specimen is compressed by, for example, 25% and stored for a certain time at a certain temperature.
- the temperature and the medium (mostly air, but also oils and other working fluids) for the compression set test depend on the material to be tested, its intended use and the test setup (e.g. 24 h at 70 ° C).
- Li height of the specimen during the test (spacer)
- L2 height of the specimen after the test. Furthermore, the tensile strength in N / mm 2 , the elongation at break in% and the modulus in MPa according to DIN ISO 53504 / ISO 37 were measured.
- the tear strength in N / mm 2 is determined in accordance with DIN ISO 34-1.
- thermoplastic elastomer compositions The abrasion of the thermoplastic elastomer compositions is measured by rubbing a 6 mm high cylinder with a 16 mm diameter over 40 m of sandpaper with 60 grit with a contact pressure of 10N.
- the adhesion of the TPE to EPDM (here EPDM 062.1040 from GEZOLAN AG) is determined as follows: A 2 mm thick EPDM plate measuring 3 cm ⁇ 6 cm is encapsulated on two sides with the thermoplastic elastomer composition according to the invention. To determine the absolute adhesion (insert), the force (in N) required to separate the EPDM from the thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention along the edge of 3 cm is measured in a tensile testing machine. To determine the relative adhesion (S2), so-called S2 test bars are cut out and clamped into a tensile testing machine. The force per area (N / mm 2 ) is determined that is required to separate the EPDM from the thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention.
- the melt index is determined in accordance with ISO 1133.
- Table 1 shows the abbreviations used for the components used in the examples: Table 1 :
- TPEs with the components shown in Tables 2 and 3 are produced according to the above-mentioned production process.
- the DbhP used is one which is polymerized to 30% by weight of styrene and 70% by weight of isoprene units, ie has 78 mol% of double bonds.
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin used in Example 1 has a melt index (190 ° C. / 2.16 kg) of 150 g / 10 min.
- the non-elastomeric polyolefin used in Example 2 has a melt index (190 ° C. / 2.16 kg) of 30 g / 10 min.
- For the A twin screw extruder is used to mix the components used. The mechanical measured values are given in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 1 Production of a TPE with SBC instead of an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin block copolymer which does not flow without shear when it is raised to its melting temperature:
- the DbhP used is one which is polymerized to 30% by weight of styrene and 70% by weight of isoprene units, ie has 78 mol% of double bonds.
- Example 3 Preliminary tests on the flow behavior of the TPE according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1:
- a TPE In order for a TPE to be able to be used as an "adhesive" for joining rubber particles to form a surface covering, it must have a shear-free flow behavior during melting.
- preliminary tests are carried out with particles of the TPE according to the invention according to Example 1 and a TPE according to Comparative Example 1: A granulate with a filling height of about 1 cm each is filled into a small aluminum dish. The small dishes with the granules are placed in an oven at 130 ° C. The small dishes with the hot granules are then removed from the oven and turned on The bowls are then emptied.
- Fig. 1 shows the bowl with the TPE granules according to the invention according to Example 1 before the temperature treatment described.
- Fig. 2 shows the bowl with the fiction, contemporary TPE granules according to Example 1 after the previously described enclosed temperature treatment.
- FIG. 3 shows the emptied contents of the bowl in which the granules from Example 1 were used, from the upper side.
- Fig. 4 shows the emptied contents of the bowl with the granules of the case of game 1 from the lower side.
- the granules of Example 1 are glued, i.e. the grain boundaries are gone. This clearly shows that the TPE according to the invention enables shear-free flow during melting.
- Fig. 5 shows the bowl with the granules according to comparative example 1 after the temperature treatment. You can see from this picture that the grain boundaries have not flowed, but that the granules are still loose. This is also covered when emptying the granules from the aluminum dish, as shown in FIG. Shear-free flow is therefore not possible with a TPE that contains an SBC as an elastomer, ie other particles cannot be glued to such TPEs and therefore no surface covering can be produced from glued rubber granulate.
- Example 4 Production of webs or plates of a surface covering according to the invention by means of an extruder system
- a QSM90 extruder cross-pin mixing extruder or a single-screw extruder with a length / diameter ratio of 16: 1 - 20 is used for the continuous production of a floor covering from a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and vulcanized, elastomeric material (EPDM) : 1 continuously with a predefined granulate mix of TPE and EPDM (weight ratio 1: 3.5 - 1: 8 (TPE: EPDM), preferably in the range 1: 4 - 1: 6.6).
- TPE thermoplastic elastomer
- EPDM vulcanized, elastomeric material
- the TPE is one according to Example 1, as described above.
- the TPE granules have a cylindrical, oval or spherical shape and a size of approx. 2 - 5 mm.
- the rubber granulate 062.1040 from GEZOLAN AG is used as EPDM.
- the EPDM granules have a size of approx. 1 - 4 mm.
- the working temperature of the extruder is set to 160 ° C to 220 ° C, the conveying speed to 250 kg / h to 400 kg / h.
- the elastomer material leaves the extruder via a perforated nozzle with a cylindrical bore, each of which has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm.
- the resulting strand is cut off at a distance of 25 to 45 mm to form shaped pieces.
- the cut pieces fall directly onto a conveyor belt and from there are directly transferred into a metal mold with dimensions of 205 mm x 205 mm x 12 mm. ported.
- the still hot material is brought into its final shape by means of a smoothing device and / or a pressure roller and then cooled. After cooling, a finished floor slab is removed from the Me tallform and used for laying.
- the fittings are dropped directly into the gap of a two-roll calender that can be heated and cooled.
- the gap width is between 6 and 8 mm, ie a constant line pressure acts on the fittings.
- the tem peration of the rolls by cooling and heating devices is designed in such a way that the mass is only heated by friction to such an extent that its temperature in the calender is always around 125 ° C.
- the surface temperatures of the rollers are therefore in the range from 40 to 110 ° C.
- a roller length of 1.20 m and a diameter of 400 mm are used.
- the material web leaving the calender is fed directly to a continuously operating cooling device, in which the cooling takes place at normal temperatures of 20 ° C to 35 ° C.
- the membrane surface leaves the cooling station as a finished product. Post-treatment of the surfaces is not absolutely necessary, but can be done if necessary.
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Abstract
Description
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DE102019110210.3A DE102019110210A1 (de) | 2019-04-17 | 2019-04-17 | Thermoplastische Elastomerzusammensetzung als Verklebesystem für Gummi auf Basis vernetzter Kautschuke |
PCT/DE2020/100265 WO2020211900A1 (de) | 2019-04-17 | 2020-03-31 | Thermoplastische elastomerzusammensetzung als verklebesystem für gummi auf basis vernetzter kautschuke |
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EP20720341.5A Withdrawn EP3956395A1 (de) | 2019-04-17 | 2020-03-31 | Thermoplastische elastomerzusammensetzung als verklebesystem für gummi auf basis vernetzter kautschuke |
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KR100974492B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-28 | 2010-08-10 | 토요세이깐 가부시키가이샤 | 다층 수지용기 |
WO2004101672A1 (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-25 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | 樹脂系内装材 |
AU2006227617B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2011-12-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Ethylene/alpha-olefins block interpolymers |
KR20060058671A (ko) * | 2005-11-16 | 2006-05-30 | 니토 보세키 가부시기가이샤 | 수지 내장재 |
DE202008014218U1 (de) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-03-04 | Rehau Ag + Co | Thermoplastische Elastomere |
US8481637B2 (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2013-07-09 | Polyone Corporation | Co-extrudable thermoplastic elastomer compound for blow molded plastic articles |
FR2961517B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-18 | 2014-04-11 | Thermoplastiques Cousin Tessier | Composition elastomerique reticulee, et produit comprenant une telle composition |
JP6071175B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-26 | 2017-02-01 | リケンテクノス株式会社 | 熱可塑性エラストマー組成物 |
KR102025414B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-30 | 2019-09-25 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 폴리올레핀 엘라스토머 제형 |
US8552117B1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-10-08 | Teknor Apex Company | Sealing elements and sealing element compositions |
DE102016103822A1 (de) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-07 | Kraiburg Tpe Gmbh & Co. Kg | Thermoplastische Elastomerzusammensetzung aus einem Elastomer, einem nicht-elastomeren Polyolefin und einem thermoplastischen Elastomer auf Polyolefin-Blockcopolymer-Basis |
DE102017112243A1 (de) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Kraiburg Tpe Gmbh & Co. Kg | Thermoplastische Elastomerzusammensetzung zur Haftung auf vernetzten Dien-Kautschuken |
DE102016124555A1 (de) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Nora Systems Gmbh | Bodenbelag und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
CN108676245A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-10-19 | 深圳市炫丽塑胶科技有限公司 | 无味型医用输氧软管tpe材料及其制备方法 |
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