EP3938550A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches bauteil - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches bauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3938550A1 EP3938550A1 EP20710506.5A EP20710506A EP3938550A1 EP 3938550 A1 EP3938550 A1 EP 3938550A1 EP 20710506 A EP20710506 A EP 20710506A EP 3938550 A1 EP3938550 A1 EP 3938550A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- alloy
- component
- copper alloy
- components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000036829 Device dislocation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical class [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
- B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing metallic components, the metallic components at least partially consisting of a lead-free copper alloy.
- the present invention relates to a metallic component which is produced using such a method.
- Metallic components in particular components for media-carrying gas or water pipes, in particular fittings or fittings for drinking water pipes, usually have a complex geometry.
- a component with a complex geometry when the component cannot be produced by a quasi-continuous forming process, such as the extrusion of bars or tubes and the rolling of strips.
- a large number of metals and alloys are known as materials for use in such metallic components. Special requirements must be placed on components for water-bearing, in particular drinking water-bearing trades, such as fittings, fittings, pipes, press connectors, roof gutters or drainage channels. In particular, in the case of components in contact with drinking water, the corrosion resistance should be mentioned.
- One of the most important types of alloys with a correspondingly high level of corrosion resistance for such components is gunmetal, which, however, has the disadvantage that it can only be hot-formed with great effort.
- the gunmetal alloy is currently used in drinking water installations
- CuSn5Zn5Pb2 with contents of about 5% by weight tin and about 5% by weight zinc is widely used.
- This copper alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and can therefore be used in all water qualities within the drinking water supply. Components made of this alloy are cast and then mechanically machined to the end product, with the machining machining causing problems due to the plastic deformability of the alloy that leads to long chip formation. In order to still be able to process the products economically, lead is added to the alloys as a chip-breaking additive, which provides an economical, fully- enables automated mechanical processing.
- the regulations for alloys used in installations for drinking water were drastically tightened with regard to the lead content. In the future, a further tightening of these regulations up to a complete ban on lead in such alloys is to be expected.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing metallic components which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the metallic components obtained by the method according to the invention should have high corrosion resistance and high pressure tightness and should be able to be produced with little effort.
- a lead-free copper alloy which as alloy components in wt .-% in addition to copper (Cu) and unavoidable impurities, still up to 8 wt .-% tin (Sn), up to 6 wt .-%
- Zinc (Zn), 0.1 wt .-% ⁇ sulfur (S) ⁇ 0.7 wt .-% and optionally up to 0.2 wt .-% phosphorus (P), can be subjected to a hot pressing process. If a pressed blank made of such an alloy is subjected to a hot pressing process, one finds Grain refinement takes place especially in the areas of the workpiece obtained close to the surface, without further measures being necessary in the production of the copper alloy or the press blank. This grain refinement in areas near the surface of the component also has the advantage that the component obtained has an increased surface hardness, which gives the component high wear resistance, while the component as a whole has good toughness properties due to the larger grain size inside the component.
- this fine-grain alloy structure is also not disturbed by incoherent areas and can therefore be reshaped extremely well.
- the fine-grain alloy structure leads, in particular at the surface, to a higher tightness of the metallic component obtained according to the invention and to improved migration and corrosion properties. Due to the hot pressing process, near-net-shape production is also possible, which, starting from the surface, avoids high-volume machining of the material and thus the disclosure of porosities on the one hand and a large amount of alloy waste on the other.
- the present invention lies in a method for the production of metallic components which at least partially consist of a copper alloy which comprises the following alloy components in% by weight:
- the method comprising the steps of (a) melting the copper alloy; (B) the manufacture of press blanks from the copper alloy; and (c) pressing the press blanks at a suitable pressing temperature into the components.
- the present invention lies in the provision of a metallic component which is produced by the method according to the invention.
- the alloy can also optionally contain proportions of the elements iron (Fe), zirconium (Zr) and / or boron (B) alone or in a combination of at least two of the elements mentioned as grain refiners. It is preferred that iron in a weight fraction of up to 0.3 wt .-%, zirconium in a weight fraction of up to 0.01 wt .-% and / or boron in a weight fraction of up to 0.01 wt. -% are contained in the lead-free copper alloy. These grain refiners prevent hot cracking and have a positive effect on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, material hardness and the like.
- metallic component is to be understood as meaning, in particular, components made of metals and alloys.
- Metallic components produced according to the invention can, for example, automotive accessories and electrical and electronic construction parts, such as synchronizer rings, nozzles, bearing shells, cable clamps, brackets, screws, connectors, contact springs, system carriers and the like; Musical instruments such as horns, bells, cymbals, harmonica, trumpets, saxophones and the like; Components for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, such as B. engine parts, nozzles and the like; Fitting parts for building purposes, such. B.
- Handrails door handles, decorations, light switches, towel rails; Hinges for windows and doors, fittings for windows and doors, striking plates for windows and doors, door sills, window sills and the like; Valves, hydraulic fittings and the like for mechanical engineering; Wing and column cladding for wind turbines and the like; Components for ships, marine lines, such. B compasses, bells and the like; medical devices such as surgical instruments, nozzles, valves and the like; Condenser plates, heat exchangers, pump shafts, pump housings; Garden accessories such as hose couplings, sprayers ,. showers, sprinklers and the like; Accessories such as B. key rings, belt buckles, jewelry and the like; Art objects, such as B.
- components for media-carrying gas or water pipes in particular fittings or valves for drinking water pipes; be.
- components for media-carrying gas or water lines in particular fittings or fittings for drinking water lines, are preferred.
- the term “component for media-carrying gas or drinking water pipes” is to be understood as meaning in particular those components that come into contact with a house installation pipe system with water, in particular with drinking water, fittings and fittings of such house installation pipe systems being preferred according to the invention.
- the component for media-carrying gas or drinking water lines can be a thread molding or a threadless molding.
- connection piece This includes in particular connecting pieces, Connection pieces, connection angles, multiple distributors, T-pieces, wall T-pieces, wall angles, system transitions, transition pieces and angled transition pieces, each of which can optionally have at least one thread.
- the connection piece known from EP 2 250 421 A1 is to be mentioned in particular as an example of such a component for media-carrying gas or drinking water lines.
- near-surface area is to be understood as the area of a component that is up to at least 200 mhi, preferably up to at least 100 mGh, below the surface of the component. It goes without saying that these grain sizes are only present in sections of the component that have actually undergone deformation as a result of the pressing step.
- the press blanks made of the copper alloy used in the method according to the invention can in particular be sections cut to length from bar material or hollow bar material of the copper alloy.
- the sulfur content of the copper alloy which is used in the method according to the invention is preferably 0.2% by weight to 0.65% by weight. Due to the hot forming process, the sulfide particles align themselves to a particularly high degree in the forming direction with a sulfur content in this preferred range. If the sulfur content is below 0.20% by weight, the problem may arise that sufficient chip breakage can no longer be generated because the distances between the individual particles could become too great under certain circumstances. This could result in burrs that have to be removed in additional work steps.
- the reduced spacing between the individual particles in the deformation direction can lead to two effects: On the one hand, it can happen that the dislocations can no longer move through the matrix so unhindered Hot forming process lead to material separations on the sulfide particles.
- the component produced according to the invention can have a lower strength, which can impair the durability of the component.
- a sulfur content above 0.65% by weight of sulfur can lead to a deterioration in the mechanical properties, such as elongation at break. Further improved properties were achieved with an alloy whose sulfur content is in the range from 0.23% by weight to 0.45% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.25% by weight to 0.35% by weight. % lies.
- the metal sulfides are such Sulfur content in the lead-free copper alloy as an incoherent, finely divided, disperse phase in the form of finely divided particles. This offers the advantage that any corrosion that may occur only to a small extent locally on these particles and not along coherent, larger, individual phases of the alloy structure, as is the case with standard brass, for example. Due to the small size of the particles and the very closed microstructure (no cavities or similar) compared to the cast component, there is no significant corrosion attack.
- the zinc content of the copper alloy used in the process according to the invention is preferably 1.3% by weight to 3.5% by weight, a zinc content in the range from 2.0% by weight to 3.0% by weight is particularly preferred. -%. With a zinc content in this range, a homogeneous distribution of the particles in the alloy structure can be guaranteed. In addition, the zinc in this area improves the flowability of the material during the deformation process.
- the zinc content of max. 3.5% by weight additionally ensures that partial corrosion phenomena are avoided and a particularly high level of corrosion resistance can be achieved. Further improved results can be achieved with a zinc content of 1.5% by weight to 3.3% by weight, particularly preferably from 2.0% by weight to 3.0% by weight.
- the proportion of phosphorus (P) in the lead-free copper alloy is preferably at least 0.001% by weight, in particular 0.015% by weight to 0.1% by weight. Below 0.015% by weight of phosphorus, it is possible that the melt will not deoxidize sufficiently, which could have a negative effect on the phase formation of the alloy. On the other hand, if the phosphorus content is more than 0.1% by weight, the copper alloy tends to have unfavorable effects on the mechanical properties, e.g. reduced elongation at break. From these points of view, the weight fraction of phosphorus in the lead-free copper alloy is preferably in the range from 0.02% by weight to 0.08% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04% by weight to 0.06% by weight. -%.
- the tin content of the copper alloy used in the process according to the invention is preferably in a range from 3.0% by weight to 4.8% by weight, in particular in a range from 3.0% by weight ⁇ Sn ⁇ 4, 5 wt%.
- a balanced, economic relationship between strength, corrosion resistance and phase distribution is achieved.
- With a tin content in the range from 3.0% by weight to 4.8% by weight particularly good results with regard to elongation at break and corrosion resistance are achieved.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out particularly economically in terms of deformation speed and deformation force. When the method according to the invention is carried out, dynamic stretching aging can occur.
- the copper content of the lead-free copper alloy is preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably more than 92% by weight. It has been shown that such a copper content allows good processability in combination with good corrosion resistance.
- the copper alloy used in the method according to the invention is preferably a lead-free copper alloy.
- the term “lead-free copper alloy” means a copper alloy that particularly prefers lead as an unavoidable impurity in an amount of not more than 0.25% by weight, but preferably not more than 0.10% by weight comprises no more than 0.05 wt%.
- the lead content in the alloy is a maximum of 0.25% by weight, preferably a maximum of 0.10% by weight and particularly preferably a maximum of less than or equal to 0.05% by weight.
- the proportion of nickel as an unavoidable impurity in the alloy used according to the invention is a maximum of 0.4% by weight, preferably a maximum of 0.3% by weight.
- the addition of nickel increases the corrosion resistance of the alloy without contradicting the hygienic safety. Similar to lead, the values of nickel migration in a test according to DIN EN 15664-1 are far below the legally required limit value. It can also be useful if the pressing temperature in step (c) is in a range from 750 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably in a range from 800 ° C to 880 ° C.
- the press blanks are heated to the press temperature before step (c) and are kept at the press temperature for a period of 0.1 s to 60 min, preferably from 2 s to 10 min. If the press blanks are kept at the press temperature for the specified period of time before pressing, then it is ensured that the entire press blank has reached a homogeneous temperature and thus a uniform pressing process can take place.
- the copper alloy in the component has a structure with an average grain size of less than 100 ⁇ m in an area near the surface after the hot pressing process. This further improves the migration behavior and the corrosion resistance of the components produced according to the invention.
- the copper alloy in the component has a structure near the surface with an average grain size of 10 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, in particular 20 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the metallic component according to the invention has, at least in sections, a wall thickness in the range from 0.5 mm to 6.0 mm, since the thin wall thickness is necessary for the formation of the migration behavior cheap copper sulphides leads to suitable cooling rates. Furthermore, it is preferred if the entire metallic component according to the invention has a wall thickness within the stated ranges of 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm because a wall thickness in this area leads to a particularly increased formation of the desired sulfide particles. A wall thickness below 0.5 mm could not have sufficient mechanical strength of the metallic component according to the invention due to the small cross section. From this point of view, it is preferred that the metallic component according to the invention has, at least in sections, a wall thickness in the range from 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm.
- the copper alloy in the metallic component according to the invention has a structure with an average grain size of less than 100 ⁇ m in a region near the surface. This contributes to a very good migration behavior and a high corrosion resistance of the metallic components according to the invention.
- a pressure-tight structure can be guaranteed.
- the pressure-tight structure results among other things from a closing of possible cavities and shrinkage due to the high pressures and temperatures introduced during Ge die forging.
- the material is homogenized and possible differences in the grain sizes are compensated, which also improves the mechanical properties.
- the copper alloy in the component preferably has a structure with an average grain size of 10 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, in particular 20 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, in the region near the surface.
- the metallic component according to the invention is a component for media-carrying gas or water pipes, in particular a fitting or armature for drinking water pipes.
- the metallic component produced according to the invention has a pressure-tight structure with improvements in the area of corrosion resistance.
- the surface attack can only be seen starting from the surface. This also enables the construction of much more filigree components with increased mechanical requirements. Possible segregations are also homogenized during hot pressing, so that no differences in concentration and possible depletion of tin can arise. This can prevent a possible corrosive attack.
- the present invention is to be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and tests carried out therewith, as well as the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that these examples are not to be regarded as limiting the invention in any way. Unless otherwise stated, in the present application including the claims, all percentages and proportions are based on weight.
- FIG. 3 shows a photographic representation of an embodiment formed as a wall angle of a metallic component according to the invention, made from alloy 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a photographic overview of the microstructure of the metallic component according to the invention shown in FIG. 3, made from alloy 2;
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail from the overview representation shown in FIG. 4 of the metallic component according to the invention, made from alloy 2;
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail from the overview representation shown in FIG. 4 of the metallic component according to the invention, made from alloy 2;
- FIG. 6 shows a further enlarged section from the overview representation shown in FIG. 4 of the metallic component according to the invention, made from alloy 2;
- FIG. 7 shows a further enlarged detail from the overview representation shown in FIG. 4 of the metallic component according to the invention, made from alloy 2;
- FIG. 8 shows a further enlarged detail from the overview representation shown in FIG. 4 of the metallic component according to the invention, made from alloy 2;
- the crescent-shaped test specimens were produced by cutting disks with a thickness of about 5 mm from the tube and separating the disks in the middle.
- the test specimens obtained in this way were placed in the die with the round side up.
- the die is a cube-shaped tool made of solid steel. This has a cross-shaped recess on the top; the test specimen to be tested was inserted into this recess.
- test specimen received in the die was placed in an oven for the heating time indicated in Table 2 and heated to the forming temperature also indicated in Table 2.
- the test body received in the die was removed from the furnace, placed on an anvil and reshaped by striking with a sledgehammer with a mass of 5 kg. The number of hammer blows is given in Table 2. Due to the crescent-shaped geometry and the recess of the pipe inside diameter, a deformation took place in each case. After the reshaping, the sample was cooled with water in order to preserve and assess the structural condition thus created. The reshaped samples were then prepared metallographically and assessed in the area of reshaping. The grain sizes were determined according to DIN EN ISO 2624 using the line intersection method.
- FIG. 1 shows a micrograph of a test specimen which has been reshaped in a laboratory test at 830 ° C. (sample 3).
- the reshaped structure has a reduced mean grain size of approx. 45 ⁇ m.
- the grain size of the test body before forming corresponds to that of a cast component, approx. 540 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2 shows a micrograph of a further reshaped test specimen which has been reshaped by a hammer blow at about 950.degree.
- the structure of the test specimen has melted structural areas which can be attributed to the high deformation temperature of approximately 950 ° C.
- the mean grain size here is around 140 ⁇ m.
- the present component shows hot cracks and sulfide particles that are unfavorably distributed in the structure. Therefore, it is a state that cannot be used in the real component.
- the copper alloy used for pressing the wall bracket had the proportions of the components in% by weight given in Table 3 and Table 4 below.
- FIG. 4 shows an overview of the microstructure of a section through the pressed wall angle shown in FIG. 3, made from alloy 2. The different those positions show critical areas of the fitting.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the area in which the component according to the invention has been drilled out for the transition to the outlet. Essentially, the original state of the alloy is still present in the press blank, that is, before the pressing process, which can absorb any mechanical forces that may arise in the form of dislocations. In the case of a construction site assembly, especially when aligning the wall bracket for a fitting, these can represent a particularly stressed loading area, the tough core being a great advantage here.
- the material hardness can in principle be increased significantly in the deformed areas.
- the hardness in the collar area could be significantly increased compared to a structurally identical wall bracket from a sand casting process to a hardness of 78 HBW 2.5 / 62.5 according to DIN EN ISO 6506-1.
- wall angles 16 Rp 1 were made from the alloy for use on construction sites.
- the mechanical processing of the components took place under near-production conditions. For this purpose, for example, the surfaces were manufactured with comparable depths of roughness.
- the components were then cut in half to obtain the test specimens.
- the surface of the test specimen was cleaned with acetone. In order to generate a zero level for the measurement, the components were then painted on the underside and cleaned again in the unpainted test area.
- the test specimens were then placed in a test container in a freely hanging manner.
- the test containers were then placed in a heating cabinet at 90 ° C. for five months, the test medium being changed at intervals of seven days.
- test containers are removed from the heating cabinet, cooled to room temperature, the test specimens are removed from the respective test containers, dried, cut open and the cut surface examined with a light microscope after appropriate processing.
- a component hot-pressed from alloy 22 shows even better resistance to attack. This is mainly due to the denser structure. Because there are no voids or porosities gen, the medium attacks the surface of the hot-pressed component over a large area and a protective, firmly adhering, closed cover layer is formed very quickly. As in the case of the cast component, this layer is almost free of faults or defects and thus develops its complete protection by avoiding an attack on the base of a porosity.
- FIG. 9 shows a component cast conventionally from alloy 22 with attacks that continue along pores into the depth, which was used in the artificial aging test with a carbonate hardness of 5.5 ° dH and a chloride content of 250 mg / l.
- FIG. 10 shows a component made of alloy 22 which is hot-pressed according to the invention and was tested in the artificial aging test with identical material composition under the same test conditions.
- the hot-pressed component in contrast to the component from FIG. 9, there are no pores whatsoever.
- the medium therefore attacks the surface homogeneously and the attacks are therefore significantly lower.
- the corrosion behavior is positively influenced by hot pressing, as shown in FIG. 10.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019106136.9A DE102019106136A1 (de) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches Bauteil |
| PCT/EP2020/056419 WO2020182846A1 (de) | 2019-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches bauteil |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3938550A1 true EP3938550A1 (de) | 2022-01-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP20710506.5A Pending EP3938550A1 (de) | 2019-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches bauteil |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12296374B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3938550A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2020235082B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019106136A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020182846A1 (de) |
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| CN114250380B (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-12-13 | Apm(摩纳哥)有限责任公司 | 一种抗氧化红金属合金材料及制备方法 |
| EP4603611A1 (de) | 2024-02-19 | 2025-08-20 | Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG | Verfahren zur herstellung metallischer bauteile aus einer kupferlegierung |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2224617C1 (ru) | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество АК "Туламашзавод" | Способ горячей штамповки медных заготовок |
| DE202008003352U1 (de) | 2008-03-07 | 2009-07-23 | Rehau Ag + Co | Verbindungsstück für einen Klemmverbinder |
| BRPI0921441A2 (pt) | 2008-10-31 | 2016-01-05 | Sundwiger Messingwerk Gmbh & Co Kg | liga de cobre-estanho, material composto e uso |
| JP5335558B2 (ja) | 2009-05-26 | 2013-11-06 | 滋賀バルブ協同組合 | 機械的特性に優れた鋳物用無鉛銅合金 |
| JP5916464B2 (ja) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-05-11 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 銅合金展伸材、銅合金展伸材の製造方法および銅合金部品の製造方法 |
| DE102012013817A1 (de) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Formteile aus korrosionsbeständigen Kupferlegierungen |
| WO2015032044A1 (zh) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | 湖南特力新材料有限公司 | 一种无铅易切削高硫含锰铜合金及其制造方法 |
| DE202016101661U1 (de) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-06-30 | Geberit International Ag | Bauteil für medienführende Gas- oder Wasserleitungen |
| DE102017100896A1 (de) | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-19 | Rehau Ag + Co | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Korrosionsverhaltens einer Kupferlegierung in Kontakt mit einem wässrigen Medium |
| DE102018004702A1 (de) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-12 | Gebr. Kemper Gmbh + Co. Kg Metallwerke | Formteile aus einer korrosionsbeständigen und zerspanbaren Kupferlegierung |
-
2019
- 2019-03-11 DE DE102019106136.9A patent/DE102019106136A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-03-11 US US17/593,165 patent/US12296374B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-11 AU AU2020235082A patent/AU2020235082B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-11 EP EP20710506.5A patent/EP3938550A1/de active Pending
- 2020-03-11 WO PCT/EP2020/056419 patent/WO2020182846A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019106136A1 (de) | 2020-09-17 |
| US12296374B2 (en) | 2025-05-13 |
| WO2020182846A1 (de) | 2020-09-17 |
| US20220016693A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
| AU2020235082A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
| AU2020235082B2 (en) | 2026-03-05 |
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