EP3896235B1 - Hybrid building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to hybrid buildings that are ready for occupancy or can be set up immediately on site.

The present invention also relates to the use of hybrid buildings for the production of all types of buildings

State of the art

From the American patent application US 2001/0047628 A1 are known transportable steel modular units and a method of assembling these units into on-site structures to provide buildings with living and working spaces that are non-combustible and resistant to unhealthy contaminants as well as high winds and other environmental conditions. Each modular unit is essentially completely prefabricated and ready to allow immediate occupancy and predetermined use.

From the translation DE 603 14 454 T2 the European patent specification 1 579 087 B1 is known a modular structural unit with a skeletal shell oriented to define the walls of a room or rooms. The structural units form the interconnected rooms of a building when they are stacked in a vertical and horizontal row. It is essential that in order to precisely locate a module or a part thereof vertically above another module, each module is provided on the periphery of its base with a downwardly extending installation flange. In addition, each module is also provided with an outer roof covering of load-bearing formwork which is lined with an edge of cold-formed lightweight steel to near, but not quite to, the outer perimeter of the top of the module. The edge has a first portion that overlaps the top of the side and end walls of the module and a second portion that overlaps the outer edge of the formwork to form a surrounding deployment recess between the first and second portions of the edges , into which the installation flange of a vertically adjacent module can be inserted precisely.

From the German utility model specification DE 20 2017 107 660 U1 a building module with a cuboid housing that forms a floor, a ceiling, two side walls and two end walls is known, with a door and a window being arranged in the housing. The The housing consists of a monolithic tubular body made of a concrete material. The four pipe walls form the floor, ceiling and side walls. The door and window are arranged in the end walls. The concrete active substance contains pores and porous mineral material such as expanded clay or pumice stone distributed throughout the concrete active substance.

From the international patent application WO 2009/061702 A1 A modular building construction system is known which includes a plurality of modular building construction units with predetermined length, width and height, which essentially correspond to those of standard shipping containers. The modular building construction units are configured to be placed on a foundation at specific distances from each other. They have external surfaces, some of which serve as hollow forms for poured concrete. The building construction system also includes reinforcement between and above the modular building construction units. The concrete poured over the reinforcing means forms some exterior surfaces of the modular building construction units, with the concrete and reinforcements forming a monolithic reinforced support structure for the modular building construction system.

From the American patent application US 2012/2255710 a building system for accommodating electronic devices is known. The building system includes a building stack containing a modular instrumentation unit with an internal space configuration configured to accommodate electronic equipment, power distribution equipment, power filtering equipment, an uninterruptible power supply, a modular refrigeration unit including an air conditioner and a water cooling unit.

From the American patents US 9,068,340 B2 and US 9,593,478 B2 Methods and devices are known that facilitate the construction of a building using prefabricated structural units. The structural units each include a horizontal upper exterior surface and a plurality of vertical wall surfaces, with at least some of the prefabricated structural units having at least one hollow column formwork structure. The prefabricated units are lowered onto an existing base on a construction site. A first floor of the building is created by arranging several prefabricated building units next to each other on the base. Structural bearing material is applied to fill the hollow column formwork structures and create structural columns connected to the structural deck. Structural bearing material is applied to the horizontal upper exterior surfaces of the adjacent prefabricated building units to create a single structural deck over the prefabricated building units.

From the American patent US 9,366,020 B2 is known a modular unit connection system for assembling multiple box-shaped modular units into a single or multi-story housing. The modular units have elongated hollow structural frame members at their vertical corners and four substantially vertical vertical side walls extending between the vertical corner members. The vertical corner elements lie within the planes formed by the side walls of the modular units. Their vertical corner elements and their adjacent side walls lie against each other with no significant gap between them. The modular units can be connected at their vertical corner elements with flat connecting plates. Threaded tie rods may extend through the hollow vertical corner members and may be coupled to tie rods extending through the hollow vertical corner members of vertically aligned modular units.

From the European patent application EP 3 034 707 A1 is a known modular building system that involves the horizontal or vertical coupling or superimposition of prefabricated reinforced concrete components to create living spaces.

US 2014/298745 A1 reveals a generic hybrid building.

However, the previously known building modules and the buildings made from them leave no room for improvement in terms of the flexibility and variability of their application, their weight, which is a strongly limiting factor, the safe statics, fire protection, sound insulation, ease of maintenance, the possibility of adding air conditioning and the Complete factory equipment leaves something to be desired.

Object of the present invention

The present invention was therefore based on the object of providing hybrid buildings that can be easily produced in series, are particularly light in comparison to the prior art and yet can be safely stacked up to several floors without any additional supporting structures in the long term, sound insulation at the highest level between the individual hybrid building sub-units and the floors, have a fire resistance rating of the highest standard, are particularly easy to maintain, allow for easy addition of air conditioning systems and are fully equipped or pre-installed from the factory with wiring, loose and fixed furniture, curtains, carpeting and fully equipped bathrooms Location can be set up directly.

Solution according to the invention

Accordingly, the hybrid building according to independent claim 1 was found, which is hereinafter referred to as the "hybrid building according to the invention". Advantageous embodiments of the hybrid building according to the invention are the subject of dependent claims 2 to 8.

In addition, the use of the hybrid building according to the invention was found according to claim 9, which is hereinafter referred to as "use according to the invention". Advantageous uses according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claim 10.

Advantages of the invention

In view of the prior art, it was surprising and unforeseeable for the person skilled in the art that the problem on which the present invention was based could be achieved with the aid of the hybrid building according to the invention and its use according to the invention.

What was particularly surprising was that the hybrid buildings according to the invention could be easily manufactured in series, were particularly light compared to modules of the prior art and could still be constructed safely up to several floors without any additional supporting structures, and sound insulation at the highest level between the individual hybrid buildings -Subunits and floors and had a fire resistance class of the highest standard, were particularly easy to maintain, allowed easy installation of air conditioning, elevators and other building services and were fully equipped from the factory with wiring, loose and fixed furniture, curtains, carpeting and fully equipped bathrooms or could be set up directly on site.

Further advantages can be seen from the following description.

Detailed description of the invention

• mindestens eine horizontale Sandwichpaneel-Decke einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90,
• mindestens eine Rückseite oder Fensterseite aus mindestens einer vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90 mit mindestens einer Aussparung für mindestens ein Fenster,
• mindestens zwei vertikale Sandwichpaneel-Seitenwände einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90,
• mindestens eine horizontale Bodenplatte aus bewehrtem Beton, insbesondere mit Stahl bewehrtem StB-Beton, die mit Aufhängungen, die vorzugsweise aus Metall bestehen, mit den nachstehend beschriebenen unteren Metallträgern verbunden ist,
• mindestens eine Vorderseite oder Eingangsseite aus mindestens einer vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand einer Feuerwiderstandsklasse von mindestens 30 vorzugsweise mindestens 60 und insbesondere mindestens 90 mit mindestens einer Aussparung für mindestens eine Eingangstür und
• mindestens einem tragenden Grundgerüst, das den gedachten Kanten mindestens eines rechteckigen Quaders folgt.

The hybrid building according to the invention is constructed at least from steel parts, reinforced concrete parts, lightweight concrete parts and flame-retardant, sound- and heat-insulating sandwich panels and includes at least

• at least one horizontal sandwich panel ceiling with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90,
• at least one back or window side made of at least one vertical sandwich panel wall with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90 with at least one recess for at least one window,
• at least two vertical sandwich panel side walls with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90,
• at least one horizontal floor slab made of reinforced concrete, in particular StB concrete reinforced with steel, which is connected to the lower metal supports described below using suspensions, which are preferably made of metal,
• at least one front or entrance side made of at least one vertical sandwich panel wall with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90 with at least one recess for at least one entrance door and
• at least one supporting framework that follows the imaginary edges of at least one rectangular cuboid.

• mindestens vier vertikale Betonsäulen mit jeweils mindestens einem Metallkern und an den Enden (i) mit jeweils einem unteren Lochquader aus Metall mit jeweils mindestens einem Aufnahmeloch in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der unteren horizontalen Wand und (ii) mit jeweils einem oberen Lochquader aus Metall mit jeweils mindestens einem Aufnahmeloch in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der oberen horizontalen Wand sowie
• mindestens vier in mindestens einem Rechteck oder Quadrat angeordneten, mit den unteren Lochquadern verbundenen, von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freien, mehrteiligen, unteren horizontalen Metallträgern und
• mindestens vier in mindestens einem deckungsgleichen Rechteck oder Quadrat angeordneten, mit den oberen Lochquadern verbundenen, von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freien, mehrteiligen, oberen horizontalen Metallträgern.

The at least one supporting framework includes at least

• at least four vertical concrete columns, each with at least one metal core and at the ends (i) each with a lower perforated metal block with at least one receiving hole in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the lower horizontal wall and (ii) each with an upper one Perforated metal blocks with at least one mounting hole in each of the four vertical walls and one mounting hole in the upper horizontal wall
• at least four multi-part, lower horizontal metal supports arranged in at least one rectangle or square, connected to the lower perforated cuboids, free of mechanical stress peaks and
• at least four multi-part, upper horizontal metal supports arranged in at least one congruent rectangle or square, connected to the upper perforated blocks and free of mechanical stress peaks.

In the hybrid buildings according to the invention, the sandwich panel side walls and the associated upper and lower metal supports are covered with side wall cladding with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90. In addition, the front or entrance sides are covered with interior wall cladding with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90, except for the recesses for the doors and the associated upper and lower metal supports. Furthermore, the backs or window sides, with the exception of the recesses for the windows and the associated upper and lower metal supports, are covered with flame-retardant, decorative and weather-resistant external facades with a fire resistance class of at least 60, in particular at least 90.

The upper and lower metal beams have a U-profile.

The upper and lower metal beams each consist of a middle part and two shorter side parts, with the connections between the middle part and the side parts being at the points where the mechanical stress peaks would occur with a one-piece metal beam.

Corridor plate supports made of metal are attached to the lower perforated blocks on the front or entrance side, which serve to support corridor plates. Elastic parts to dampen footsteps can be arranged between the corridor plate supports and the corridor plates. The corridor slabs abut flush against the horizontal floor slabs made of reinforced concrete in the area of the recesses for the entrance doors. The impact surfaces can be provided with a cushioning, flexible covering.

The metal for the supporting basic structure is preferably selected from the group consisting of steel, chrome steel, molybdenum steel, V2 A steel and V4 A steel.

In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid buildings according to the invention are already equipped at the factory or on site with a sanitary area separated from the rest of the room by vertical sandwich panel walls. The sanitary area preferably includes at least one sink, a shower cubicle, at least one toilet with a water tank and a supply and ventilation shaft with supply lines, in particular for electricity, fiber optic lines, telephone lines, drinking water and wastewater.

The horizontal floor plate is covered with a covering that dampens impact sound. An example of such a covering is a carpet. It is a particular advantage of the hybrid buildings according to the invention that they can be joined together horizontally and/or vertically using conventional and known connecting devices which are inserted into the receiving holes of the perforated cuboids. Such connecting devices are used, for example, to securely join shipping containers together.

The other essential components of the hybrid buildings according to the invention are at least one type and in particular at least two types of sandwich panels.

In general, the sandwich panels comprise at least a first and at least a second cover layer, between which at least one mineral fiber layer is arranged, which is made up of at least one type of mineral fibers.

The sandwich panels preferably have an impact sound insulation RW of 33 dB to 37 dB. Depending on the location, sandwich panels with fire resistance classes F30 (fire-retardant), F 60 (highly fire-retardant), F90 (fire-resistant) and F120 (highly fire-resistant) are used. Their weight is 15 kg/m ² to 40 kg/m ² , preferably 20 kg/m ² to 35 kg/m ² and in particular 20 kg/m ² to 30 kg per m ² . Its heat transfer coefficient U is 0.6 W/m ² K to 0.5 W/m ² K, preferably 0.7 W/m ² K to 0.45 W/m ² K and in particular 0.8 W/m ² K to 0.42 W/m ² K.

The mineral fibers in the mineral fiber layer can be web-oriented and have a specific weight of preferably 100 kg/m ³ to 200 kg/m ³ , preferably 110 kg/m ³ to 180 kg/m ³ and in particular 120 kg/m ³ to 180 kg/m have ³ .

The at least one mineral fiber layer is traversed by channels that run parallel to the cover layers. Alternatively or additionally, the mineral fiber layer is traversed by channels that run vertically to the cover layers. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mineral fiber layer comprises depressions and/or troughs.

In a further embodiment, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be traversed by channels which run orthogonally to the parallel channels listed above.

Preferably, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be made of mineral fibers selected from the group consisting of aluminum silicate wool, alkaline earth silicate wool, aluminum silicate zirconium wool, high-temperature glass wool, polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers, mullite ceramic fibers , yttrium oxide ceramic fibers, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, and silicon bororide nitride carbide fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers, quartz fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, single crystal fibers (whiskers), polycrystalline fibers, slag fibers and nanotube fibers and mixtures thereof.

The mineral fibers are preferably in the form of wool, paper, fleeces, dry felting, wet felting, boards, filling materials and molding compounds.

In a preferred embodiment, the mineral fibers in the at least one mineral fiber layer can be connected to at least one high-temperature-resistant binder. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be firmly bonded to the inside of at least one cover layer using at least one, in particular one, high-temperature-resistant binder or adhesive. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mineral fiber layer can be firmly bonded to at least one further mineral fiber layer using at least one, in particular one, high-temperature-resistant binder or adhesive.

The high-temperature-resistant binders are thermally stable at temperatures >300 °C, preferably >500 °C and in particular >800 °C and do not decompose and do not release toxic gases. Examples of suitable high-temperature-resistant binders are lime, gypsum, clays, water glasses, cements and silicones filled with inorganic fillers such as cristobalite.

As a molding compound, the at least one mineral fiber layer preferably has the shape of egg cartons, corrugated cardboard and folded papers. These can in turn be used in combination with papers, fleeces, panels and/or felts made from mineral fibers.

The thickness of the at least one mineral fiber layer depends primarily on the clear width between the cover layers. The mineral fiber layer is preferably designed in such a way that it completely fills the clear width at least in places.

Preferably, the at least one mineral fiber layer is formed by mixing isolated mineral fibers and/or filling materials with at least one, in particular one, dispersion, in particular an aqueous dispersion, at least one precursor of at least one, in particular one, of the above-mentioned binders or adhesives, forming the resulting mixtures and Hardening of the formed mixture produced.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one mineral fiber layer is produced by impregnating papers, nonwovens, plates and/or felts made of mineral fibers with at least one, in particular one, of the above-mentioned dispersion and shaping the resulting impregnated papers, nonwovens, plates and/or felts .

Preferably, the molding is carried out using the vacuum forming process or the compression molding process. In particular, particularly large-area molding compounds can be produced using the compression molding process.

The curing of the molding compounds or the precursor of the binder can be carried out at room temperature in air or in circulating air ovens and drying tunnels with hot air, open flames and/or with IR radiation.

The sandwich panels according to the invention can have a 3-sided, 4-sided, 5-sided, 6-sided, 7-sided, 8-sided, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped shape or a 3-sided, 4-sided, 5-sided, 6 -angular, 7-sided, 8-sided, star-shaped, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped outline with at least one rounded corner and/or with at least one concave and/or convex edge or a circular, elliptical, oval or kidney-shaped outline. The sandwich panels according to the invention preferably have a 4-sided and in particular a rectangular or square outline.

Depending on the intended use, the sandwich panels can have an area of 10 cm ² to 100 m ² . The 4-sided, in particular rectangular or square sandwich panels preferably have an area that corresponds to the area of a cabin wall or room wall. At least one of the at least two cover surfaces can be covered with at least one, in particular one, full-surface or partial-surface decorative and/or functional coating, such as foils, wood, glass, varnishes, textiles and/or light-emitting plastic panels. In this regard, there are practically no limits to sandwich panels as long as their fire resistance is not compromised.

Particular preference is given to using the panel systems from Wenker GmbH & Co. KG, Ahaus, Germany.

The external dimensions of the hybrid buildings according to the invention can vary widely and can be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The respective hybrid buildings according to the invention or their subunits preferably have an external side length of 2 m to 25 m, preferably 2.5 to 20 m, particularly preferably 3 m to 20 m, very particularly preferably 3.5 m to 15 m and in particular 4 m up to 10 m. Preferably, the front sides or entrance sides and the back sides or window sides on the outside have a length of 2 m to 15 m, preferably from 2.5 m to 12 m, particularly preferably 3 m to 10 m, very particularly preferably 3.5 m to 8 m and in particular 3.5 m to 6 m. Preferably they have an external height of 2.2 m to 4 m, preferably 2.3 to 3.5 m and in particular 2.3 to 3 m.

The floor area can also vary widely on the inside and be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The interior floor area is preferably 10 m ² to 200 m ² , preferably 12 m ² to 100 m ² , particularly preferably 14 m ² to 50 m ² and in particular 15 m ² to 30 m ² .

A particularly advantageous, because versatile, hybrid building according to the invention has an outside width of 3.5 m, an outside side length of 6 m, an outside height of 2.8 m and an inside floor area of 20 m ² .

According to the invention, the hybrid buildings are used to construct above-ground and underground buildings.

The hybrid buildings can be hotels, motels, residential buildings, retirement homes, schools, lecture rooms, computer rooms, office buildings, restaurants, kitchens, shops of all kinds, Prisons, warehouses, hospitals and clinics with patient rooms, isolation wards, intensive care units, doctor's rooms, treatment rooms, operating rooms, diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment, ward rooms, social rooms, storage rooms and rooms for medical and other waste, buildings for protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields as well as buildings for research and development deals with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and clean rooms.

This list is intended to illustrate the multitude of possible uses according to the invention and does not limit the use according to the invention.

It is a particular advantage of the use according to the invention that the hybrid buildings according to the invention have elevators, escalators, basement rooms, underground car parks, stairwells, locks, security doors, air conditioning systems, rooms and structures for building technology, vestibules, entrance halls, porter's boxes, sprinkler systems, transmission systems, fitness rooms, saunas and swimming pools can be equipped.

The hybrid buildings according to the invention are described below using the Figures 1 to 5 explained in more detail. The Figures 1 to 5 show schematically the construction principle of the hybrid building according to the invention, which can be advantageously varied and expanded without leaving the scope of the invention. Because the construction principle and the functions of the components are explained schematically, they are Figures 1 to 5 not to scale and do not limit the invention.

Figur 1

die Draufsicht auf das Grundgerüst eines erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäudes 1 von dessen Vorderseite V oder Rückseite R her gesehen;

Figur 2

die Draufsicht auf die mit dem Sandwichpaneel 6 verschlossene Seitenwand S des erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäudes 1;

Figur 3

die Draufsicht auf die Oberseite O des erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäudes 1 mit der Decke aus einem Sandwichpaneel 7;

Figur 4

die Draufsicht auf den Grundriss zweier seitlich aneinandergrenzender erfindungsgemäßer Hybridgebäude 1 und

Figur 5

die Draufsicht auf den Querschnitt eines zweistöckigen Gebäudes aus vier miteinander verbundenen erfindungsgemäßen Hybridgebäuden 1 mit den Angaben der Brandschutzklassen und der Trittschalldämpfung.

Show it

Figure 1

the top view of the basic structure of a hybrid building 1 according to the invention seen from its front V or back R;

Figure 2

the top view of the side wall S of the hybrid building 1 according to the invention closed with the sandwich panel 6;

Figure 3

the top view of the top O of the hybrid building 1 according to the invention with the ceiling made of a sandwich panel 7;

Figure 4

the top view of the floor plan of two laterally adjacent hybrid buildings according to the invention 1 and

Figure 5

the top view of the cross section of a two-story building made up of four interconnected hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention with the information on the fire protection classes and impact sound attenuation.

F30

Feuerwiderstandsklasse "feuerhemmend"

F90

Feuerwiderstandsklasse "feuerbeständig"

O

Ansicht von oben, Sandwichpaneel-Decke

R

Ansicht von der offenen Rückseite (Fensterseite)

S

Seitenansicht, Sandwichpaneel-Seitenwand

TS

Trittschalldämmung RW

V

Ansicht von der offenen Vorderseite (Eingangsseite)

1

Hybridgebäude

2

Von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freier, mehrteiliger, unterer horizontaler Metallträger

2.1

Plattenförmige Flanschverbindung im Metallträger 2

2.2

Plattenförmige Flanschverbindung eines Endes des Metallträgers 2 mit dem unteren Lochquader 4.1.1

3

Von mechanischen Spannungsspitzen freier, mehrteiliger, oberer horizontaler Metallträger

3.1

Plattenförmige Flanschverbindung im Metallträger 3

3.2

plattenförmige Flanschverbindung eines Endes des Metallträgers 3 mit dem oberen Lochquader 4.2.1

4

Viereckige Betonsäule mit Metallkern

4.1

Unterer Lochquader mit jeweils einem Aufnahmeloch 4.1.1 in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der unteren horizontalen Wand (verdeckt)

4.1.1

Aufnahmeloch in einer vertikalen Wand von 4.1

4.1.2

Korridorplattenauflage

4.1.3

Trittdämpfung

4.2

Oberer Lochquader mit jeweils einem Aufnahmeloch 4.1.2 in jeder der vier vertikalen Wände und einem Aufnahmeloch in der oberen horizontalen Wand

4.2.1

Aufnahmeloch in einer vertikalen Wand von 4.2

4.2.2

Aufnahmeloch in der oberen horizontalen Wand von 4.2

5

Horizontale Bodenplatte aus bewehrtem Beton (StB-Beton)

5.1

Aussparung für die Eingangstür in das Hybridgebäude 1

5.2

Aufhängung für die Bodenplatte 5

6

Vertikale Sandwichpaneel-Wand

6.1

Untere Auflagefläche der vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand 6 auf der horizontalen Bodenplatte 5

6.2

Auflagefläche der horizontalen Sandwichpaneel-Decke 7 auf dem oberen Ende der vertikalen Sandwichpaneel-Wand 6

7

Horizontale Sandwichpaneel-Decke

8

Seitenwandverkleidung

9

Korridorbodenplatte, Korridor

9.1

Stoßfläche Korridorbodenplatte 9/horizontale Bodenplatte 5

10

Fenster

10.1

Aussparung für das Fenster 10

11

Außenfassade, Innenwandverkleidungen

12

Sanitärbereich

13

Versorgungs- und Belüftungsschacht

13.1

Versorgungsleitungen

14

Toilette

14.1

Wasserkasten

15

Waschbecken

16

Duschkabine

16.1

Falttür (Duschkabine 16)

17

Falttür (Sanitärbereich 12)

18

Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Stockwerken

19

Unterlegplatte

In the Figures 1 to 5 the reference numbers have the following meaning:

F30

Fire resistance class “fire retardant”

F90

Fire resistance class “fire-resistant”

O

Top view, sandwich panel ceiling

R

View from the open back (window side)

S

Side view, sandwich panel side wall

T.S

Impact sound insulation RW

v

View from the open front (entrance side)

1

Hybrid building

2

Multi-part, lower horizontal metal support free from mechanical stress peaks

2.1

Plate-shaped flange connection in the metal support 2

2.2

Plate-shaped flange connection of one end of the metal support 2 with the lower perforated cuboid 4.1.1

3

Multi-part, upper horizontal metal support free from mechanical stress peaks

3.1

Plate-shaped flange connection in the metal support 3

3.2

Plate-shaped flange connection of one end of the metal support 3 with the upper perforated block 4.2.1

4

Square concrete column with metal core

4.1

Lower perforated cuboid with one receiving hole 4.1.1 in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the lower horizontal wall (hidden)

4.1.1

Recording hole in a vertical wall of 4.1

4.1.2

Corridor plate support

4.1.3

Shock absorption

4.2

Upper perforated cuboid with one receiving hole 4.1.2 in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole in the upper horizontal wall

4.2.1

Recording hole in a vertical wall of 4.2

4.2.2

Recording hole in the upper horizontal wall of 4.2

5

Horizontal floor slab made of reinforced concrete (StB-Beton)

5.1

Recess for the entrance door to hybrid building 1

5.2

Suspension for the base plate 5

6

Vertical sandwich panel wall

6.1

Lower contact surface of the vertical sandwich panel wall 6 on the horizontal base plate 5

6.2

Support surface of the horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7 on the upper end of the vertical sandwich panel wall 6

7

Horizontal sandwich panel ceiling

8th

Side wall paneling

9

Corridor floor slab, corridor

9.1

Joint surface corridor floor plate 9/horizontal floor plate 5

10

Window

10.1

Recess for the window 10

11

Exterior facade, interior wall cladding

12

Sanitary area

13

Supply and ventilation shaft

13.1

supply lines

14

Toilet

14.1

water box

15

Bathroom sink

16

Shower cubicle

16.1

Folding door (shower cubicle 16)

17

Folding door (sanitary area 12)

18

Space between two floors

19

backing plate

Detailed explanation of Figures 1 to 5 Figures 1 to 3

The hybrid building 1 according to the invention had a rectangular base area of 21 m ² with a 3.5 m wide front or entrance side V, a 3.5 m wide back or window side R and two 6 m long side walls S. The dimensions given referred to the outside of the hybrid building 1. The floor plate 5 consisted of reinforced concrete (StB concrete) and was anchored with suspensions 5.2 in the basic framework made of four 3-part lower horizontal metal beams 2, which were free of mechanical stress peaks. The height of the hybrid building 1 according to the invention was 2.7 m on the outside. The framework for the sandwich panel ceiling O was also formed by four 3-part upper metal supports 3 that are free of mechanical stress peaks.

As a metal support 2; 3, eight steel U-profile metal beams were used. They each consisted of a longer central part and two shorter side parts or arms, which were connected by plate-shaped flange connections 2.1; 3.1 were attached to the middle part. The flange connections 2.1; 3.1 were in the area of the mechanical stress peaks that would occur with a one-piece metal beam of the same length. Through the flange connections 2.1; 3.1 caused such voltage peaks to be reduced or no longer occur. The plate-shaped flanges 2.1; 3.1 were attached to each other by rivet connections.

The two ends of each metal support 2; 3 were attached to a total of eight perforated blocks (four lower perforated blocks 4.1 and four upper perforated blocks 4.2). The fastenings were made by rivet connections or screw connections between the plate-shaped flange connections 2.2; 3.2 at the ends of the metal supports 2; 3 and the respective associated vertical walls of the perforated cuboids 4.1; 4.2 with the assigned receiving holes 4.1.1; 4.2.1 made.

The perforated blocks 4.1; 4.2 were located at the top and bottom ends of the four square concrete columns 4. with a metal core. Their respective three further vertical walls 4.1; 4.2 had further receiving holes 4.1.1; 4.1.2 on. These served to connect to other hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention. There were also receiving holes 4.1.1 in the horizontal undersides of the four lower perforated blocks 4.1. These served to accommodate connection devices to underlying hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention on a lower floor in a building. The connecting devices were equipped with shims 19 so that there was a space 18 between the floors. In the horizontal tops of the four upper hole cuboids 4.2 there were also receiving holes 4.2.1, which were used to accommodate connecting devices to hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention located above them on a higher floor in a building. These connecting devices were also equipped with shims 19, so that There was a space 18 between the floors. The spaces 18 had a ventilating and insulating effect.

Corridor plate supports 4.2.1 made of steel were attached to the two perforated blocks 4.1 on the front or entrance side V. These were equipped with impact dampers 4.1.3, which dampened vibrations in the corridor floor plate 9. The corridor floor plate 9 abutted the horizontal floor plate 5 in the recess 5.1 for the entrance door along the abutment surface 9.1. The abutment surface 9.1 was provided with a shock-absorbing, sealing, flexible pad.

The front V was covered with a vertical sandwich panel wall 6 with a recess 5.1 for the entrance door. The back R was also closed with a vertical sandwich panel wall 6 with a recess 10.1 for the window 10. The two side walls S were closed with full-surface vertical sandwich panel walls. The horizontal ceiling O was formed by a horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7. The horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7 rested on the support surfaces 6.2 on the upper ends of the vertical sandwich panel walls 6. The vertical sandwich panel walls 6 hit the horizontal base plate 5 with their lower contact surfaces 6.1.

The sandwich panels 1P described below were preferably used as sandwich panels. The panel systems from Wenker GmbH & Co. KG, Ahaus, Germany, were particularly preferred.

The side walls S were each covered with a vertical side wall cladding 8 made of rigid sheet steel, which served as a partition and fire protection wall to neighboring hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention (cf. Figure 4 ).

The back or window side R, i.e. H. The outside of the hybrid building 1 according to the invention was equipped with decorative, flame-retardant and weather-resistant external facades. The front or entrance side V, i.e. H. the corridor side was covered with decorative, flame-retardant interior wall paneling 11.

The hybrid building 1 according to the invention could be expanded as desired due to its simple and standardized, particularly statically stable structure. For example, larger hybrid buildings 1 could be made possible by using additional square concrete columns 4 with a metal core and other multi-part, lower and upper columns that are free of mechanical stress peaks metal supports 2; 3 were produced, which could be used in many ways. In particular, multi-story buildings could be constructed quickly and safely. Another particular advantage was that the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention could be equipped ex works so that they could be set up without any problems or were even ready for occupancy.

In this way, it was not only possible to build hotels, motels, residential buildings, retirement homes, schools, office buildings, prisons and warehouses with and without elevator shafts, but also hospitals with patient rooms, isolation wards, intensive care units, doctor's rooms, treatment rooms, diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment such as X-ray machines and CT and MRI machines, ward rooms, social rooms, storage rooms, rooms for medical and other waste as well as buildings for research and development with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and clean rooms etc. can be built in the shortest possible time.

Figure 4

The hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention shown in the floor plan were like those Figures 3 and 4 explained in more detail. They were each already equipped at the factory with a recess 5.1 for the entrance door and a recess 10.1 for a window 10, so that these standardized components could be easily inserted into the front V and the back R of the hybrid building 1. They were also factory-equipped with a sanitary area 12, which had a sink 15, a toilet 14 with a water tank 14.1, a supply and ventilation shaft 13 with supply lines 13.1, a shower cubicle 16 that could be closed with a folding door 16.1 and with the help of the folding door 17 from the living area or Functional area could be separated. The walls of the sanitary area consisted of vertical sandwich panel walls 6. The outside sides were equipped with decorative, flame-retardant and weather-resistant external facades 11. On the front V, ie the entrance side towards Corridor 9, the interior walls were covered with decorative and flame-retardant interior wall cladding.

The two hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention were connected in the same way to other identical hybrid buildings 1 both horizontally and vertically. On the opposite side of Corridor 9, an identical row of hybrid buildings 1 were also built. In this way, a three-story building could be constructed in a short time and furnished according to the desired function.

The hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention were set up as hotel rooms, hotel rooms, retirement home rooms, nursing rooms, sick rooms, treatment rooms, doctor's rooms, isolation rooms for quarantine purposes, security rooms, shelters, rooms shielded against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields, computer rooms or offices.

Figure 5

The safety concept for a two-story hybrid building according to the invention from four hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention included sandwich panel ceilings 7, vertical sandwich panel walls 6 with external facades 11 and floor panels 5 of fire resistance class F90 as well as adjacent vertical partition walls made of sandwich panel walls 6 and side wall cladding 8 of fire resistance class F30. The floor panels and 5 sandwich panel ceilings were equipped with impact sound-absorbing coverings, so that the impact sound insulation RW was ≤50 dB, preferably ≤ 40 dB. The sandwich panel ceilings 7 had a sound insulation of ≤ 60 dB.

If necessary, the safety concept could be strengthened by using identical components with higher fire resistance classes such as F120 and F180. The sound insulation could also be increased by using appropriate sandwich panel walls 6, sandwich panel ceilings 7 and coverings. It was also easily possible to increase the protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields without changing the basic design of the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Detailed description of sandwich panels that can be used according to the invention

Figur 6

die Draufsicht auf die Oberfläche eines rechteckigen Sandwichpaneels 1P;

Figur 7

die Draufsicht auf die Oberfläche eines scheibenförmigen Sandwichpaneels 1P;

Figur 8

die Draufsicht auf die Kanten 1.5P der Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P mit der umlaufenden Profilschiene 1.3P;

Figur 9

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine "einfache Eierkarton"-Konfiguration 2.6aP hat;

Figur 10

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine "doppelte Eierkarton" Konfiguration 2.6bP hat, wobei sich zwischen den "Eierkartons" 2.6P ein Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P befindet;

Figur 11

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine "dreifache Eierkarton"-Konfiguration 2.6cP hat und die Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P eine vollflächige Beschichtung 3P haben;

Figur 12

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P eine "fünffache Eierkarton"-Konfiguration 2.6dP hat;

Figur 13

die Draufsicht von oben auf eine "Eierkarton"-Konfiguration 2.6P mit 4-eckigen Pyramiden 2.6.1P und Auflageflächen 2.6.2P;

Figur 14

die Draufsicht auf eine "Eierkarton"-Konfiguration mit kegelstumpfförmigen Pyramiden 2.6.1P und Auflageflächen 2.6.2P mit kreisrundem Umriss;

Figur 15

Die Draufsicht auf eine "Eierkarton"-Konfiguration 2.6P mit Pyramiden 2.6.1P mit 6-eckigem Grundriss und 6-eckigen Auflageflächen 2.6.2P;

Figur 16

die perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts aus einer "Wellblech"-Konfiguration 2.6P; 2.8P der Mineralfaserschicht 2P; 2.1P;

Figur 17

Draufsicht auf eine Mineralfaserschicht 2P mit unterschiedlich geformten Vertiefungen und Mulden 2.9P;

Figur 18

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P, worin die Mineralfaserschicht 2P; 2.1P drei Lagen von gefaltetem Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P mit zwei Zwischenlagen Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P und jeweils einer Lage Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P auf der Innenseite der Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P hat;

Figur 19

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch ein Sandwichpaneel 1P mit zwei Lagen von speziell gefaltetem Mineralfaserpapier 2.7P; 2.7.1P, die durch ein Mineralfaservlies 2.11P voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die zwei Lagen 2.7P; 2.71P orthogonal zueinander angeordnet sind.

The preferred sandwich panels 1P are described below based on the Figures 6 to 19 explained in more detail. The Figures 6 to 19 are intended to schematically illustrate various options for constructing sandwich panels. The Figures 6 to 19 Therefore, they do not need to be true to scale and do not limit the invention. They show it

Figure 6

the top view of the surface of a rectangular sandwich panel 1P;

Figure 7

the top view of the surface of a disk-shaped sandwich panel 1P;

Figure 8

the top view of the edges 1.5P of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P with the surrounding profile rail 1.3P;

Figure 9

the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P, in which the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "simple egg carton" configuration 2.6aP;

Figure 10

the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P, in which the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "double egg carton" configuration 2.6bP, with a mineral fiber paper 2.7P between the "egg cartons"2.6P;

Figure 11

the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P, in which the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "triple egg carton" configuration 2.6cP and the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P have a full-surface coating 3P;

Figure 12

the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P, in which the mineral fiber layer 2P has a "five-fold egg carton" configuration 2.6dP;

Figure 13

the top view of an "egg carton" configuration 2.6P with 4-sided pyramids 2.6.1P and support surfaces 2.6.2P;

Figure 14

the top view of an "egg carton" configuration with frustoconical pyramids 2.6.1P and support surfaces 2.6.2P with a circular outline;

Figure 15

The top view of an "egg carton" configuration 2.6P with pyramids 2.6.1P with a hexagonal floor plan and hexagonal support surfaces 2.6.2P;

Figure 16

the perspective view of a section of a “corrugated iron” configuration 2.6P; 2.8P of 2P mineral fiber layer; 2.1P;

Figure 17

Top view of a mineral fiber layer 2P with differently shaped depressions and troughs 2.9P;

Figure 18

the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P, in which the mineral fiber layer 2P; 2.1P three layers of folded mineral fiber paper 2.7P; 2.7.1P with two intermediate layers of mineral fiber paper 2.7P; 2.7.1P and each one layer of mineral fiber paper 2.7P; 2.7.1P on the inside of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P has;

Figure 19

the top view of a section of a cross section through a sandwich panel 1P with two layers of specially folded mineral fiber paper 2.7P; 2.7.1P, which are separated from each other by a mineral fiber fleece 2.11P, with the two layers 2.7P; 2.71P are arranged orthogonally to each other.

P

"Zum Sandwichpaneel gehörend"

1P

Sandwichpaneel

1.1P

Erste Deckschicht

1.2P

Zweite Deckschicht

1.3P

Umlaufende U-Profilschiene mit T-förmigem Querschnitt

1.3.1P

Arme des "T"

1.4P

Umlaufende Öffnung zwischen den Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P

1.5P

Kanten der Deckschichten 1.1P; 1.2P

2P

Mineralfaserschicht

2.1P

Mineralfasern

2.2P

Kanäle, die parallel zu den Deckschichten 1.1; 1.2 verlaufen

2.3P

Kanäle, die orthogonal zu den parallelen Kanälen 2.2 verlaufen

2.4P

Kanäle, die vertikal zu den Deckschichten 1.1; 1.2 verlaufen

2.5P

Hochtemperaturbeständiges Bindemittel, hochtemperaturbeständiger Kleber

2.5.1P

Vorstufe des Bindemittels 2.5

2.6P

"Eierkarton"-Konfiguration

2.6aP

"einfache Eierkarton"-Konfiguration

2.6bP

"doppelte Eierkarton"-Konfiguration

2.6cP

"dreifache Eierkarton"-Konfiguration

2.6dP

"fünffache Eierkarton"-Konfiguration

2.6.1P

Pyramide

2.6.2P

Auflagefläche, Kontaktfläche

2.7P

Mineralfaserpapier

2.7.1P

Gefaltetes Mineralfaserpapier 2.7

2.8P

"Wellblech"-Konfiguration

2.9P

Vertiefung, Mulde

2.10P

"Wellpappe" Konfiguration

2.10.1P

Hohlsteg

2.11P

Mineralfaservlies

3P

Vollflächige oder teilflächige Beschichtung

Below are the Figures 6 to 19 described in detail by way of example. In the Figures 6 to 19 the reference numbers have the following meaning:

P

"Belonging to the sandwich panel"

1P

sandwich panel

1.1p

First top coat

1.2p

Second top coat

1.3p

All-round U-profile rail with T-shaped cross section

1.3.1P

Arms of the "T"

1.4P

All-round opening between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2p

1.5p

Edges of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2p

2P

Mineral fiber layer

2.1P

mineral fibers

2.2P

Channels that are parallel to the cover layers 1.1; 1.2 run

2.3P

Channels that run orthogonally to the parallel channels 2.2

2.4P

Channels that are vertical to the cover layers 1.1; 1.2 run

2.5p

High temperature resistant binder, high temperature resistant adhesive

2.5.1P

Precursor of the binder 2.5

2.6P

“Egg carton” configuration

2.6aP

“simple egg carton” configuration

2.6bp

"double egg carton" configuration

2.6cP

"triple egg carton" configuration

2.6dP

"quintuple egg carton" configuration

2.6.1P

pyramid

2.6.2P

Support surface, contact surface

2.7P

Mineral fiber paper

2.7.1P

Folded mineral fiber paper 2.7

2.8P

"Corrugated iron" configuration

2.9P

depression, hollow

2.10p

"Corrugated" configuration

2.10.1P

hollow bridge

2.11P

Mineral fiber fleece

3P

Full or partial coating

Detailed explanation of Figures 6 to 19 Figures 6, 7 and 8

The sandwich panel 1P Figure 6 had dimensions of 2.5 mx 6 mx 30 mm. The top layer 1.1P visible in the top view and the invisible top layer 1.2P consisted of 2.5 mm thick anodized aluminum sheet. The top layers 1.1P; 1.2P had a full-surface colored paintwork 3P with a decorative element 3P. The circumferential opening between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P was closed with a circumferential U-profile rail made of anodized aluminum, which consisted of four parts. In an advantageous embodiment, the four parts of the U-profile rail 1.3P had a T-shaped cross section, so that the arms 1.3.1P of the "T" were flush with the edges of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P struck.

The sandwich panel 1P Figure 7 had the shape of a disk with a diameter of 1 m and a total thickness of 30 mm. The top layers 1.1P; 1.2P were also made of 2.5 mm thick anodized aluminum sheet. The circumferential opening 1.4P was with two semicircular U-profile rails 1.3P; 1.3.1P made of anodized aluminum sheet sealed.

The Figure 8 shows a top view of the edge side of the embodiments of the sandwich panels 1P described above Figures 6 and 7 .

The sandwich panels 1P were excellently suited as walls, ceilings and doors in the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figures 9 and 13

The production of the sandwich panel 1P according to Figure 9 was carried out by separating the fibers of high-temperature glass wool made from alkali-resistant AR glass containing zirconium dioxide and micronizing them by fine grinding in a ball mill. The micronized AR glass fibers were pasted with an aqueous suspension 2.5.1P of slow-hardening cement, resulting in a dough-like mass with a solid composition of 80% by weight of AR glass fibers and 20% by weight of cement. The dough-like mass was pressed in a molding press with gas outlets, stamps of appropriate profiling and a square stamp area of 1 m ² at 50 ° C to form plate-shaped molding masses with an "egg carton" configuration. The Pyramids 2.6.1P according to the Figure 13 had a square base area measuring 4 mm x 4 mm and a square contact surface 2.6.2P measuring 2 mm x 2 mm and were spaced 2 mm apart. The thickness of the AR fiberglass layers bonded with cement was 2 mm. The plate-shaped molding compounds 2P; 2.6P were fully cured in air at room temperature for several days.

There were two square covering layers 1.1P; 1.2P of an area of 8 m ² made of 1 mm thick degreased hot-aluminized sheet provided. The contact surfaces 2.6.2P of four AR glass fiber layers 2P; 2.6P were coated with a high-temperature-resistant, room temperature-curing ceramic-based glass-metal adhesive 2.5P and first placed on the square top layer 1.1P, after which the top layer 1.2P was placed congruently on the 4 AR glass fiber layers. This resulted in the mineral fiber layer 2; 2.6aP ("simple egg carton" configuration) channels 2.2P, which are parallel to the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P and channels 2.3P, which ran orthogonally to the parallel channels 2.2P.

After the high-temperature-resistant binder or adhesive 2.5P had completely hardened, the circumferential opening 1.4P between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P all around with four correspondingly sized U-profile rails 1.3P; 1.3.1P with T-shaped cross section (see the Figures 6 to 8 ) closed by inserting the U-profile into the surrounding opening 1.4P until the arms of the "T" are flush with the edges 1.5P Cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P completed.

In a further version, appropriately dimensioned U-profile rails 1.3P without a T-shaped cross section 1.3.1P were used, which were pushed over the circumferential edges 1.5P in the form of a clamp. This had the advantage that the mineral fiber layer 2P was no longer contacted at its edges. In the following, these U-profile rails 1.3P were always used The U-profile rails 1.3P had openings for pressure equalization with the environment.

The 1P sandwich panels of this design were significantly lower in weight than identical sandwich panels that were completely filled with glass wool. In addition, they demonstrated excellent sound and thermal insulation. They were fire-retardant and were not destroyed even by red heat. They were therefore ideally suited as components for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figures 10 and 14

The production of the sandwich panel 1P Figure 10 was done by doing as in Figure 9 described square, 1 m ² plate-shaped molding compounds with an "egg carton" configuration 2.6P. The plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P differed from those of the Figure 9 only because instead of the pyramids 2.6.P with a square floor plan according to the Figure 13 Pyramids 2.6.1P with a circular floor plan but comparable size according to the Figure 14 were used. The four plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P were like Figure 9 described with the surface of the two cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P firmly connected. Subsequently, the free contact surfaces 2.6.2P of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P Fleeces 2.7P made of polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool glued with a high temperature resistant inorganic glass adhesive 2.5P. The other cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P was then coated with the four further plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P is glued to the other side of the fleeces 2.7P in such a way that the raised contact surfaces 2.6.2P of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P were opposite each other. Finally, the circumferential opening 1.4P between the edges 1.5P of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P closed with U-profile rails as in example 9.

The result was a sandwich panel 1P with a mineral fiber layer 2P of a "double egg carton" configuration 2.6P with a thickness of about 6 mm, which was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with glass wool. The 1P sandwich panel had excellent sound and heat insulation and was still fire retardant even at red heat. Sandwich panels 1P of this type were therefore ideally suited as components for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figures 11 and 15

The sandwich panel 1P Figure 11 was made by using as in Figure 9 described plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P with an "egg carton" configuration. These differed from the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P Figure 9 and the Figure 10 only because pyramids 2.6.1P with a hexagonal floor plan and hexagonal contact surfaces 2.6.2P according to the Figure 15 were used. There were three layers of these plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P in the Figure 11 as shown, so that a "triple egg carton" configuration 2.6cP resulted as a mineral fiber layer 2P. The circumferential opening 1.5P was as in Figure 9 described closed with circumferential U-profile rails 1.3P. The outer surfaces of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P coated with a 3P coating of a powder paint that is heat-stable up to 250 °C.

The sandwich panel 1P had a total thickness of around 10 mm and was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with rock wool. This 1P sandwich panel also had excellent sound and heat insulation and was fire retardant even at red heat after the coating had burned or charred. The sandwich panel 1P was therefore ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figures 12 and 15

The sandwich panel 1P Figure 12 became like that Figure 9 described by forming five layers of the plate-shaped molding compositions 2.6P with the "egg carton" configuration, as in the Figure 12 shown, superimposed, resulting in a "five-fold egg carton" configuration 2.6dP.

The sandwich panel 1P had a total thickness of around 14 mm and was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with rock wool. This sandwich panel 1P also had excellent sound and heat insulation and was fire-retardant even at red heat and did not deform. The sandwich panel 1P was therefore ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figure 16

The sandwich panel 1P Figure 16 was made by first taking the at the Figure 9 dough-shaped mass described plate-shaped molding masses 2.8P with a "Corrugated iron" configuration. The parallel webs 2.10.1P were spaced 4 mm apart and were 8 mm high. Their wall thickness was 2 mm. The contact surfaces 2.6.2P were 4 mm wide. The channels 2.2P in the webs had a maximum clear width of 6 mm.

A layer of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.8P was bonded to the cover layers 1.1P and 1.2P with a high-temperature-resistant glass-metal adhesive on the contact surfaces 2.6.2P. The circumferential opening 1.5P between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P was like that Figure 9 described closed with U-profile rails.

The resulting sandwich panel 1 had a total thickness of approximately 10 mm. It was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool. The sound insulation, thermal insulation and fire retardancy were excellent. The sandwich panel 1P was therefore ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figure 17

The Figure 17 shows a mineral fiber layer 2P which contained differently shaped depressions and troughs 2.9P. The mineral fiber layer 2P had a maximum layer thickness of 4 mm. The maximum depth of the depressions and troughs 2.9P was 3 mm. The mineral fiber layer 2P was made from the following by compression molding Figure 9 dough-shaped mass described.

A sandwich panel 1P produced with this mineral fiber layer 2 had the same excellent properties as described above.

Figure 18

The sandwich panel 1P Figure 18 was manufactured by combining paper sheets 2.7P made of high-temperature resistant polycrystalline alumina wool with the Figure 9 suspension 2.5.1P described, so that an aluminum oxide wool with a solids content of 90% by weight of aluminum oxide and 10% by weight of cement resulted. The impregnated paper webs 2.7P were folded while wet so that the distance from the tips to the depressions in the folded paper webs 2.7.1P was 5 mm. The folded impregnated paper webs 2.7.1P were cured in air at room temperature.

Two square, 4 m ² covering layers 1.1P; 1.2P made of 1.5 mm thick stainless steel were glued over the entire surface to the 2.7P paper strips. A layer of the hardened, folded paper webs 2.7.1P was then glued onto the paper webs 2.7P on a cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P. On top of this, paper webs 2.7P and another layer of hardened, folded paper webs 2.7.1P were fixed again. Paper webs 2.7P were then placed again and a third layer of the hardened, folded paper webs 2.7.1P was fixed. Their tips were glued to the paper strips 2.7P on the other cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P. A high temperature resistant inorganic glass adhesive 2.5P was used for the bonding.

The sandwich panel 1P was about 20 mm thick and had a mineral fiber layer 2P with a "corrugated cardboard" configuration 2.8P, which was particularly mechanically stable. The weight saving compared to a comparable sandwich panel, the space between which was completely filled with high-temperature-resistant aluminum oxide wool, was significant. The thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire retardancy were excellent. This sandwich panel 1P was therefore also ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Figure 19

The sandwich panel Figure 19 was manufactured by folding paper sheets 2.7P made of high-temperature-resistant alumina wool and bonding them to a 1.5 mm thick cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P made of stainless steel using a high-temperature-resistant inorganic glass-metal adhesive 2.5P. The free sides of the folded paper strips 2.7.1P were glued with mineral fiber fleeces 2.11P made of aluminum silicate wool. Folded paper webs 2.7.1P were again placed on the mineral fiber fleece 2.11P and glued so that their channels 2.3P were arranged orthogonally to the channels 2.2P of the first layer of folded paper webs 2.7.1P. Finally, the free sides of these folded paper webs 2.7.1P were glued to the other cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P, and the circumferential opening 1.5P was closed all around with U-profile rails 1.3P as described above.

The sandwich panel 1P was approximately 22 mm thick and had a significant weight saving compared to a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with high-temperature-resistant aluminum oxide wool. The sandwich panel 1P was particularly mechanically stable and had excellent thermal insulation, Sound insulation and fire retardancy. This sandwich panel 1P was therefore also ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Hybrid building (1), composed at least of steel parts, reinforced concrete parts, lightweight concrete parts and fire-retardant sandwich panels with acoustic and thermal insulation, comprising at least

   - at least one horizontal sandwich-panel ceiling (O; 7; 1P) with a fire-resistance class of at least 30 and sound insulation of ≤ 60 dB,

   - at least one rear side or window side (R; 6; 1P) in at least one vertical sandwich-panel wall (6; 1P) with a fire-resistance class of at least 30 and at least one recess (10.1) for at least one window (10),

   - at least two vertical sandwich-panel sidewalls (S; 6; 1P) with a fire-resistance class of at least 30, adjacent to a sidewall cladding with a fire-resistance class of at least 30,

   - upper and lower metal supports (3; 2), each consisting of a central part and two shorter lateral parts, wherein the connections between the central parts and the lateral parts are located at the points where mechanical stress peaks would occur in the case of a one-piece metal support,

   - at least one horizontal floor panel (5) with impact sound insulation RW ≤ 50 dB made of reinforced concrete, which is provided with an impact sound-absorbing coating and is connected to the lower metal supports (2) via suspensions (5.2),

   - at least one front side or entrance side (O; 6; 1P) made of at least one vertical sandwich-panel wall (6; 1P) with a fire resistance class of at least 30, with at least one recess (5.1) for at least one entrance door, and

   - at least one load-bearing base frame that follows the imaginary edges of at least one rectangular parallelepiped, comprising at least

   - four vertical concrete columns (4) each with at least one metal core and, at the ends (i), each with a lower perforated parallelepiped (4.1) made of metal with at least one receiving hole (4.1.1) in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole (4.1.3) in the lower horizontal wall, and (ii) with an upper perforated parallelepiped (4.2) made of metal with at least one receiving hole (4.2.1) in each of the four vertical walls and one receiving hole (4.2.2) in the upper horizontal wall, as well as

   - at least four multi-part lower horizontal metal supports (2), arranged in at least one rectangle or square, connected to the lower perforated parallelepipeds (4.1), free of mechanical tension peaks, and

   - at least four multi-part upper horizontal metal supports (3), arranged in at least one congruent rectangle or square, connected to the upper perforated parallelepipeds (4.2), free of mechanical stress peaks,

   wherein

   - each sandwich-panel side wall (S; 6; 1P) and sandwich-panel ceiling (O; 7; 1P) has a weight of 15 kg/mh² to 40 kg/mh², a heat transmission coefficient U of 0.6 W/m² K to 0.5 W/m² K, and comprises at least one first and at least one second fire-retardant cover layer (1.1P) and (1.2P), which are arranged parallel to and at a distance from one another, as well as at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) made of at least one type of mineral fiber (2.1P) between at least two of the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P), wherein the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) of the sandwich panels (1P) is penetrated by channels (2.2P) extending parallel to the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P) and/or by channels (2.4P) extending vertically to the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P) and/or comprises recesses and/or cavities (2.9P),

   - sandwich panels (1P) each comprise a peripheral U-profile rail (1.3P) to cover the peripheral opening (1.4P) between the edges (1.5P) of the cover layers (1.1P; 1.2P),

   - the peripheral U-profile rail (1,3P) comprises at least one opening (1.3.1P) for pressure equalization with the environment,

   - the sandwich-panel side walls (S; 6) and the associated upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) are clad with a side wall cladding (8) with a fire resistance class of at least 30,

   - the front side or entrance sides (V; 6), with the exception of the recesses (5.1) for the doors and the associated upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) are clad with inner wall claddings (11) with a fire resistance class of at least 30,

   - the rear or window sides (R; 6), with the exception of the recesses (10.1) for the windows (10), as well as the associated upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) are covered by external facades (11) with a fire-resistance class of at least 60, and

   - metal corridor plate supports (4.1.2) are attached to the lower perforated parallelepipeds (4.1) on the front side or entrance side (V; 6).
2. Hybrid building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall claddings (8) are steel sheets.
3. Hybrid building (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper and lower metal supports (3; 2) have a U-profile.
4. Hybrid building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the metal is selected from the group consisting of steel, chromium steel, molybdenum steel, V2 A steel and V4 A steel.
5. Hybrid building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is factory-equipped with a sanitary zone (12) separated from the rest of the space by vertical sandwich-panel walls (6).
6. Hybrid building (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the sanitary area (12) comprises at least one washbasin (15), a shower cubicle, at least one toilet (14) with a water tank (14.1) and a supply and ventilation shaft (13) with supply lines (13.1).
7. Hybrid building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is connected horizontally and/or vertically to at least one further hybrid building (1) by means of connecting devices which are inserted into the receiving holes (4.1.1; 4.1.3; 4.2.1; 4.2.2) of the perforated parallelepipeds (4.1; 4.2) to form a larger hybrid building (1).
8. Hybrid building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one mineral fiber layer (2P) is composed of mineral fibers (2.1P) selected from the group consisting of aluminum silicate wool, alkaline earth silicate wool, aluminum zirconium silicate wool, high-temperature glass wool, polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers, mullite ceramic fibers, yttrium oxide ceramic fibers, silicon carbide, silicon carbidenitride and boride-nitride-silicon carbide fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers, quartz fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, whisker fibers, polycrystalline fibers, slag fibers and nanotube fibers.
9. Use of the hybrid buildings (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as hotels, motels, residential buildings, retirement homes, schools, conference rooms, computer rooms, office buildings, restaurants, kitchens, stores of all types, prisons, warehouses, hospitals and clinics with patient rooms, isolation units, intensive care units, doctors' surgeries, treatment rooms, operating theatres, diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment, waiting rooms, social rooms, storage rooms, rooms for medical and other waste, buildings for protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields, as well as research and development buildings with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and cleanrooms.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the hybrid buildings (1) are equipped with elevators, escalators, cellars, underground parking lots, stairwells, airlocks, security doors, air-conditioning systems, rooms and structures for building technology, lobbies, entrance halls, janitor's lodges, sprinkler systems, transmission systems, fitness rooms, saunas and swimming pools.

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