EP3896235B1 - Bâtiment hybride - Google Patents

Bâtiment hybride Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3896235B1
EP3896235B1 EP21000101.2A EP21000101A EP3896235B1 EP 3896235 B1 EP3896235 B1 EP 3896235B1 EP 21000101 A EP21000101 A EP 21000101A EP 3896235 B1 EP3896235 B1 EP 3896235B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rooms
fibers
hybrid
sandwich
buildings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21000101.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3896235C0 (fr
EP3896235A1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Leers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wenker GmbH and Co KG
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Wenker GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3896235A1 publication Critical patent/EP3896235A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3896235C0 publication Critical patent/EP3896235C0/fr
Publication of EP3896235B1 publication Critical patent/EP3896235B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E04C2/365—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels by honeycomb structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7687—Crumble resistant fibrous blankets or panels using adhesives or meltable fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hybrid buildings that are ready for occupancy or can be set up immediately on site.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of hybrid buildings for the production of all types of buildings
  • each module is provided on the periphery of its base with a downwardly extending installation flange.
  • each module is also provided with an outer roof covering of load-bearing formwork which is lined with an edge of cold-formed lightweight steel to near, but not quite to, the outer perimeter of the top of the module.
  • the edge has a first portion that overlaps the top of the side and end walls of the module and a second portion that overlaps the outer edge of the formwork to form a surrounding deployment recess between the first and second portions of the edges , into which the installation flange of a vertically adjacent module can be inserted precisely.
  • a building module with a cuboid housing that forms a floor, a ceiling, two side walls and two end walls is known, with a door and a window being arranged in the housing.
  • the housing consists of a monolithic tubular body made of a concrete material.
  • the four pipe walls form the floor, ceiling and side walls.
  • the door and window are arranged in the end walls.
  • the concrete active substance contains pores and porous mineral material such as expanded clay or pumice stone distributed throughout the concrete active substance.
  • a modular building construction system which includes a plurality of modular building construction units with predetermined length, width and height, which essentially correspond to those of standard shipping containers.
  • the modular building construction units are configured to be placed on a foundation at specific distances from each other. They have external surfaces, some of which serve as hollow forms for poured concrete.
  • the building construction system also includes reinforcement between and above the modular building construction units.
  • the concrete poured over the reinforcing means forms some exterior surfaces of the modular building construction units, with the concrete and reinforcements forming a monolithic reinforced support structure for the modular building construction system.
  • the building system includes a building stack containing a modular instrumentation unit with an internal space configuration configured to accommodate electronic equipment, power distribution equipment, power filtering equipment, an uninterruptible power supply, a modular refrigeration unit including an air conditioner and a water cooling unit.
  • the structural units each include a horizontal upper exterior surface and a plurality of vertical wall surfaces, with at least some of the prefabricated structural units having at least one hollow column formwork structure.
  • the prefabricated units are lowered onto an existing base on a construction site.
  • a first floor of the building is created by arranging several prefabricated building units next to each other on the base.
  • Structural bearing material is applied to fill the hollow column formwork structures and create structural columns connected to the structural deck.
  • Structural bearing material is applied to the horizontal upper exterior surfaces of the adjacent prefabricated building units to create a single structural deck over the prefabricated building units.
  • the modular units have elongated hollow structural frame members at their vertical corners and four substantially vertical vertical side walls extending between the vertical corner members.
  • the vertical corner elements lie within the planes formed by the side walls of the modular units. Their vertical corner elements and their adjacent side walls lie against each other with no significant gap between them.
  • the modular units can be connected at their vertical corner elements with flat connecting plates. Threaded tie rods may extend through the hollow vertical corner members and may be coupled to tie rods extending through the hollow vertical corner members of vertically aligned modular units.
  • EP 3 034 707 A1 is a known modular building system that involves the horizontal or vertical coupling or superimposition of prefabricated reinforced concrete components to create living spaces.
  • the present invention was therefore based on the object of providing hybrid buildings that can be easily produced in series, are particularly light in comparison to the prior art and yet can be safely stacked up to several floors without any additional supporting structures in the long term, sound insulation at the highest level between the individual hybrid building sub-units and the floors, have a fire resistance rating of the highest standard, are particularly easy to maintain, allow for easy addition of air conditioning systems and are fully equipped or pre-installed from the factory with wiring, loose and fixed furniture, curtains, carpeting and fully equipped bathrooms Location can be set up directly.
  • hybrid building according to independent claim 1 was found, which is hereinafter referred to as the "hybrid building according to the invention".
  • hybrid building according to the invention is the subject of dependent claims 2 to 8.
  • hybrid buildings according to the invention could be easily manufactured in series, were particularly light compared to modules of the prior art and could still be constructed safely up to several floors without any additional supporting structures, and sound insulation at the highest level between the individual hybrid buildings -Subunits and floors and had a fire resistance class of the highest standard, were particularly easy to maintain, allowed easy installation of air conditioning, elevators and other building services and were fully equipped from the factory with wiring, loose and fixed furniture, curtains, carpeting and fully equipped bathrooms or could be set up directly on site.
  • the sandwich panel side walls and the associated upper and lower metal supports are covered with side wall cladding with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90.
  • the front or entrance sides are covered with interior wall cladding with a fire resistance class of at least 30, preferably at least 60 and in particular at least 90, except for the recesses for the doors and the associated upper and lower metal supports.
  • the backs or window sides are covered with flame-retardant, decorative and weather-resistant external facades with a fire resistance class of at least 60, in particular at least 90.
  • the upper and lower metal beams have a U-profile.
  • the upper and lower metal beams each consist of a middle part and two shorter side parts, with the connections between the middle part and the side parts being at the points where the mechanical stress peaks would occur with a one-piece metal beam.
  • Corridor plate supports made of metal are attached to the lower perforated blocks on the front or entrance side, which serve to support corridor plates. Elastic parts to dampen footsteps can be arranged between the corridor plate supports and the corridor plates.
  • the corridor slabs abut flush against the horizontal floor slabs made of reinforced concrete in the area of the recesses for the entrance doors.
  • the impact surfaces can be provided with a cushioning, flexible covering.
  • the metal for the supporting basic structure is preferably selected from the group consisting of steel, chrome steel, molybdenum steel, V2 A steel and V4 A steel.
  • the hybrid buildings according to the invention are already equipped at the factory or on site with a sanitary area separated from the rest of the room by vertical sandwich panel walls.
  • the sanitary area preferably includes at least one sink, a shower cubicle, at least one toilet with a water tank and a supply and ventilation shaft with supply lines, in particular for electricity, fiber optic lines, telephone lines, drinking water and wastewater.
  • the horizontal floor plate is covered with a covering that dampens impact sound.
  • a covering is a carpet.
  • the other essential components of the hybrid buildings according to the invention are at least one type and in particular at least two types of sandwich panels.
  • the sandwich panels comprise at least a first and at least a second cover layer, between which at least one mineral fiber layer is arranged, which is made up of at least one type of mineral fibers.
  • the sandwich panels preferably have an impact sound insulation RW of 33 dB to 37 dB.
  • sandwich panels with fire resistance classes F30 (fire-retardant), F 60 (highly fire-retardant), F90 (fire-resistant) and F120 (highly fire-resistant) are used.
  • Their weight is 15 kg/m 2 to 40 kg/m 2 , preferably 20 kg/m 2 to 35 kg/m 2 and in particular 20 kg/m 2 to 30 kg per m 2 .
  • Its heat transfer coefficient U is 0.6 W/m 2 K to 0.5 W/m 2 K, preferably 0.7 W/m 2 K to 0.45 W/m 2 K and in particular 0.8 W/m 2 K to 0.42 W/m 2 K.
  • the mineral fibers in the mineral fiber layer can be web-oriented and have a specific weight of preferably 100 kg/m 3 to 200 kg/m 3 , preferably 110 kg/m 3 to 180 kg/m 3 and in particular 120 kg/m 3 to 180 kg/m have 3 .
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer is traversed by channels that run parallel to the cover layers. Alternatively or additionally, the mineral fiber layer is traversed by channels that run vertically to the cover layers. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mineral fiber layer comprises depressions and/or troughs.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer can be traversed by channels which run orthogonally to the parallel channels listed above.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer can be made of mineral fibers selected from the group consisting of aluminum silicate wool, alkaline earth silicate wool, aluminum silicate zirconium wool, high-temperature glass wool, polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers, mullite ceramic fibers , yttrium oxide ceramic fibers, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, and silicon bororide nitride carbide fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers, quartz fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, single crystal fibers (whiskers), polycrystalline fibers, slag fibers and nanotube fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • mineral fibers selected from the group consisting of aluminum silicate wool, alkaline earth silicate wool, aluminum silicate zirconium wool, high-temperature glass wool, polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers, mullite ceramic fibers , yttrium oxide ceramic fibers, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, and silicon
  • the mineral fibers are preferably in the form of wool, paper, fleeces, dry felting, wet felting, boards, filling materials and molding compounds.
  • the mineral fibers in the at least one mineral fiber layer can be connected to at least one high-temperature-resistant binder.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer can be firmly bonded to the inside of at least one cover layer using at least one, in particular one, high-temperature-resistant binder or adhesive.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer can be firmly bonded to at least one further mineral fiber layer using at least one, in particular one, high-temperature-resistant binder or adhesive.
  • the high-temperature-resistant binders are thermally stable at temperatures >300 °C, preferably >500 °C and in particular >800 °C and do not decompose and do not release toxic gases.
  • suitable high-temperature-resistant binders are lime, gypsum, clays, water glasses, cements and silicones filled with inorganic fillers such as cristobalite.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer preferably has the shape of egg cartons, corrugated cardboard and folded papers. These can in turn be used in combination with papers, fleeces, panels and/or felts made from mineral fibers.
  • the thickness of the at least one mineral fiber layer depends primarily on the clear width between the cover layers.
  • the mineral fiber layer is preferably designed in such a way that it completely fills the clear width at least in places.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer is formed by mixing isolated mineral fibers and/or filling materials with at least one, in particular one, dispersion, in particular an aqueous dispersion, at least one precursor of at least one, in particular one, of the above-mentioned binders or adhesives, forming the resulting mixtures and Hardening of the formed mixture produced.
  • the at least one mineral fiber layer is produced by impregnating papers, nonwovens, plates and/or felts made of mineral fibers with at least one, in particular one, of the above-mentioned dispersion and shaping the resulting impregnated papers, nonwovens, plates and/or felts .
  • the molding is carried out using the vacuum forming process or the compression molding process.
  • particularly large-area molding compounds can be produced using the compression molding process.
  • the curing of the molding compounds or the precursor of the binder can be carried out at room temperature in air or in circulating air ovens and drying tunnels with hot air, open flames and/or with IR radiation.
  • the sandwich panels according to the invention can have a 3-sided, 4-sided, 5-sided, 6-sided, 7-sided, 8-sided, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped shape or a 3-sided, 4-sided, 5-sided, 6 -angular, 7-sided, 8-sided, star-shaped, trapezoidal or diamond-shaped outline with at least one rounded corner and/or with at least one concave and/or convex edge or a circular, elliptical, oval or kidney-shaped outline.
  • the sandwich panels according to the invention preferably have a 4-sided and in particular a rectangular or square outline.
  • the sandwich panels can have an area of 10 cm 2 to 100 m 2 .
  • the 4-sided, in particular rectangular or square sandwich panels preferably have an area that corresponds to the area of a cabin wall or room wall.
  • At least one of the at least two cover surfaces can be covered with at least one, in particular one, full-surface or partial-surface decorative and/or functional coating, such as foils, wood, glass, varnishes, textiles and/or light-emitting plastic panels.
  • there are practically no limits to sandwich panels as long as their fire resistance is not compromised.
  • the external dimensions of the hybrid buildings according to the invention can vary widely and can be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the respective hybrid buildings according to the invention or their subunits preferably have an external side length of 2 m to 25 m, preferably 2.5 to 20 m, particularly preferably 3 m to 20 m, very particularly preferably 3.5 m to 15 m and in particular 4 m up to 10 m.
  • the front sides or entrance sides and the back sides or window sides on the outside have a length of 2 m to 15 m, preferably from 2.5 m to 12 m, particularly preferably 3 m to 10 m, very particularly preferably 3.5 m to 8 m and in particular 3.5 m to 6 m.
  • they have an external height of 2.2 m to 4 m, preferably 2.3 to 3.5 m and in particular 2.3 to 3 m.
  • the floor area can also vary widely on the inside and be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the interior floor area is preferably 10 m 2 to 200 m 2 , preferably 12 m 2 to 100 m 2 , particularly preferably 14 m 2 to 50 m 2 and in particular 15 m 2 to 30 m 2 .
  • a particularly advantageous, because versatile, hybrid building according to the invention has an outside width of 3.5 m, an outside side length of 6 m, an outside height of 2.8 m and an inside floor area of 20 m 2 .
  • the hybrid buildings are used to construct above-ground and underground buildings.
  • the hybrid buildings can be hotels, motels, residential buildings, retirement homes, schools, lecture rooms, computer rooms, office buildings, restaurants, kitchens, shops of all kinds, Prisons, warehouses, hospitals and clinics with patient rooms, isolation wards, intensive care units, doctor's rooms, treatment rooms, operating rooms, diagnostic rooms with medical examination equipment, ward rooms, social rooms, storage rooms and rooms for medical and other waste, buildings for protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields as well as buildings for research and development deals with physical, chemical, biological and microbiological laboratories and clean rooms.
  • the hybrid buildings according to the invention have elevators, escalators, basement rooms, underground car parks, stairwells, locks, security doors, air conditioning systems, rooms and structures for building technology, vestibules, entrance halls, porter's boxes, sprinkler systems, transmission systems, fitness rooms, saunas and swimming pools can be equipped.
  • the hybrid buildings according to the invention are described below using the Figures 1 to 5 explained in more detail.
  • the Figures 1 to 5 show schematically the construction principle of the hybrid building according to the invention, which can be advantageously varied and expanded without leaving the scope of the invention. Because the construction principle and the functions of the components are explained schematically, they are Figures 1 to 5 not to scale and do not limit the invention.
  • the hybrid building 1 according to the invention had a rectangular base area of 21 m 2 with a 3.5 m wide front or entrance side V, a 3.5 m wide back or window side R and two 6 m long side walls S.
  • the dimensions given referred to the outside of the hybrid building 1.
  • the floor plate 5 consisted of reinforced concrete (StB concrete) and was anchored with suspensions 5.2 in the basic framework made of four 3-part lower horizontal metal beams 2, which were free of mechanical stress peaks.
  • the height of the hybrid building 1 according to the invention was 2.7 m on the outside.
  • the framework for the sandwich panel ceiling O was also formed by four 3-part upper metal supports 3 that are free of mechanical stress peaks.
  • a metal support 2 3 eight steel U-profile metal beams were used. They each consisted of a longer central part and two shorter side parts or arms, which were connected by plate-shaped flange connections 2.1; 3.1 were attached to the middle part.
  • the flange connections 2.1; 3.1 were in the area of the mechanical stress peaks that would occur with a one-piece metal beam of the same length. Through the flange connections 2.1; 3.1 caused such voltage peaks to be reduced or no longer occur.
  • the plate-shaped flanges 2.1; 3.1 were attached to each other by rivet connections.
  • each metal support 2; 3 were attached to a total of eight perforated blocks (four lower perforated blocks 4.1 and four upper perforated blocks 4.2).
  • the fastenings were made by rivet connections or screw connections between the plate-shaped flange connections 2.2; 3.2 at the ends of the metal supports 2; 3 and the respective associated vertical walls of the perforated cuboids 4.1; 4.2 with the assigned receiving holes 4.1.1; 4.2.1 made.
  • the perforated blocks 4.1; 4.2 were located at the top and bottom ends of the four square concrete columns 4. with a metal core. Their respective three further vertical walls 4.1; 4.2 had further receiving holes 4.1.1; 4.1.2 on. These served to connect to other hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention. There were also receiving holes 4.1.1 in the horizontal undersides of the four lower perforated blocks 4.1. These served to accommodate connection devices to underlying hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention on a lower floor in a building.
  • the connecting devices were equipped with shims 19 so that there was a space 18 between the floors.
  • In the horizontal tops of the four upper hole cuboids 4.2 there were also receiving holes 4.2.1, which were used to accommodate connecting devices to hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention located above them on a higher floor in a building.
  • These connecting devices were also equipped with shims 19, so that There was a space 18 between the floors. The spaces 18 had a ventilating and insulating effect.
  • Corridor plate supports 4.2.1 made of steel were attached to the two perforated blocks 4.1 on the front or entrance side V. These were equipped with impact dampers 4.1.3, which dampened vibrations in the corridor floor plate 9.
  • the corridor floor plate 9 abutted the horizontal floor plate 5 in the recess 5.1 for the entrance door along the abutment surface 9.1.
  • the abutment surface 9.1 was provided with a shock-absorbing, sealing, flexible pad.
  • the front V was covered with a vertical sandwich panel wall 6 with a recess 5.1 for the entrance door.
  • the back R was also closed with a vertical sandwich panel wall 6 with a recess 10.1 for the window 10.
  • the two side walls S were closed with full-surface vertical sandwich panel walls.
  • the horizontal ceiling O was formed by a horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7.
  • the horizontal sandwich panel ceiling 7 rested on the support surfaces 6.2 on the upper ends of the vertical sandwich panel walls 6.
  • the vertical sandwich panel walls 6 hit the horizontal base plate 5 with their lower contact surfaces 6.1.
  • the sandwich panels 1P described below were preferably used as sandwich panels.
  • the side walls S were each covered with a vertical side wall cladding 8 made of rigid sheet steel, which served as a partition and fire protection wall to neighboring hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention (cf. Figure 4 ).
  • the back or window side R i.e. H.
  • the outside of the hybrid building 1 according to the invention was equipped with decorative, flame-retardant and weather-resistant external facades.
  • the front or entrance side V, i.e. H. the corridor side was covered with decorative, flame-retardant interior wall paneling 11.
  • the hybrid building 1 according to the invention could be expanded as desired due to its simple and standardized, particularly statically stable structure.
  • larger hybrid buildings 1 could be made possible by using additional square concrete columns 4 with a metal core and other multi-part, lower and upper columns that are free of mechanical stress peaks metal supports 2; 3 were produced, which could be used in many ways.
  • multi-story buildings could be constructed quickly and safely.
  • the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention could be equipped ex works so that they could be set up without any problems or were even ready for occupancy.
  • the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention shown in the floor plan were like those Figures 3 and 4 explained in more detail. They were each already equipped at the factory with a recess 5.1 for the entrance door and a recess 10.1 for a window 10, so that these standardized components could be easily inserted into the front V and the back R of the hybrid building 1. They were also factory-equipped with a sanitary area 12, which had a sink 15, a toilet 14 with a water tank 14.1, a supply and ventilation shaft 13 with supply lines 13.1, a shower cubicle 16 that could be closed with a folding door 16.1 and with the help of the folding door 17 from the living area or Functional area could be separated.
  • the walls of the sanitary area consisted of vertical sandwich panel walls 6. The outside sides were equipped with decorative, flame-retardant and weather-resistant external facades 11. On the front V, ie the entrance side towards Corridor 9, the interior walls were covered with decorative and flame-retardant interior wall cladding.
  • the two hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention were connected in the same way to other identical hybrid buildings 1 both horizontally and vertically.
  • an identical row of hybrid buildings 1 were also built. In this way, a three-story building could be constructed in a short time and furnished according to the desired function.
  • the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention were set up as hotel rooms, hotel rooms, retirement home rooms, nursing rooms, sick rooms, treatment rooms, doctor's rooms, isolation rooms for quarantine purposes, security rooms, shelters, rooms shielded against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields, computer rooms or offices.
  • the safety concept for a two-story hybrid building according to the invention from four hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention included sandwich panel ceilings 7, vertical sandwich panel walls 6 with external facades 11 and floor panels 5 of fire resistance class F90 as well as adjacent vertical partition walls made of sandwich panel walls 6 and side wall cladding 8 of fire resistance class F30.
  • the floor panels and 5 sandwich panel ceilings were equipped with impact sound-absorbing coverings, so that the impact sound insulation RW was ⁇ 50 dB, preferably ⁇ 40 dB.
  • the sandwich panel ceilings 7 had a sound insulation of ⁇ 60 dB.
  • the safety concept could be strengthened by using identical components with higher fire resistance classes such as F120 and F180.
  • the sound insulation could also be increased by using appropriate sandwich panel walls 6, sandwich panel ceilings 7 and coverings. It was also easily possible to increase the protection against electromagnetic radiation and magnetic fields without changing the basic design of the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the sandwich panel 1P Figure 6 had dimensions of 2.5 mx 6 mx 30 mm.
  • the top layer 1.1P visible in the top view and the invisible top layer 1.2P consisted of 2.5 mm thick anodized aluminum sheet.
  • the top layers 1.1P; 1.2P had a full-surface colored paintwork 3P with a decorative element 3P.
  • the circumferential opening between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P was closed with a circumferential U-profile rail made of anodized aluminum, which consisted of four parts.
  • the four parts of the U-profile rail 1.3P had a T-shaped cross section, so that the arms 1.3.1P of the "T" were flush with the edges of the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P struck.
  • the sandwich panel 1P Figure 7 had the shape of a disk with a diameter of 1 m and a total thickness of 30 mm.
  • the top layers 1.1P; 1.2P were also made of 2.5 mm thick anodized aluminum sheet.
  • the circumferential opening 1.4P was with two semicircular U-profile rails 1.3P; 1.3.1P made of anodized aluminum sheet sealed.
  • the Figure 8 shows a top view of the edge side of the embodiments of the sandwich panels 1P described above Figures 6 and 7 .
  • the sandwich panels 1P were excellently suited as walls, ceilings and doors in the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the production of the sandwich panel 1P according to Figure 9 was carried out by separating the fibers of high-temperature glass wool made from alkali-resistant AR glass containing zirconium dioxide and micronizing them by fine grinding in a ball mill.
  • the micronized AR glass fibers were pasted with an aqueous suspension 2.5.1P of slow-hardening cement, resulting in a dough-like mass with a solid composition of 80% by weight of AR glass fibers and 20% by weight of cement.
  • the dough-like mass was pressed in a molding press with gas outlets, stamps of appropriate profiling and a square stamp area of 1 m 2 at 50 ° C to form plate-shaped molding masses with an "egg carton" configuration.
  • the Pyramids 2.6.1P according to the Figure 13 had a square base area measuring 4 mm x 4 mm and a square contact surface 2.6.2P measuring 2 mm x 2 mm and were spaced 2 mm apart.
  • the thickness of the AR fiberglass layers bonded with cement was 2 mm.
  • the plate-shaped molding compounds 2P; 2.6P were fully cured in air at room temperature for several days.
  • U-profile rails 1.3P without a T-shaped cross section 1.3.1P were used, which were pushed over the circumferential edges 1.5P in the form of a clamp. This had the advantage that the mineral fiber layer 2P was no longer contacted at its edges.
  • these U-profile rails 1.3P were always used The U-profile rails 1.3P had openings for pressure equalization with the environment.
  • the 1P sandwich panels of this design were significantly lower in weight than identical sandwich panels that were completely filled with glass wool. In addition, they demonstrated excellent sound and thermal insulation. They were fire-retardant and were not destroyed even by red heat. They were therefore ideally suited as components for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the production of the sandwich panel 1P Figure 10 was done by doing as in Figure 9 described square, 1 m 2 plate-shaped molding compounds with an "egg carton" configuration 2.6P.
  • the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P differed from those of the Figure 9 only because instead of the pyramids 2.6.P with a square floor plan according to the Figure 13 Pyramids 2.6.1P with a circular floor plan but comparable size according to the Figure 14 were used.
  • the four plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P; 2.6.1P were like Figure 9 described with the surface of the two cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P firmly connected.
  • sandwich panel 1P with a mineral fiber layer 2P of a "double egg carton" configuration 2.6P with a thickness of about 6 mm, which was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with glass wool.
  • the 1P sandwich panel had excellent sound and heat insulation and was still fire retardant even at red heat.
  • Sandwich panels 1P of this type were therefore ideally suited as components for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the sandwich panel 1P Figure 11 was made by using as in Figure 9 described plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P with an "egg carton" configuration. These differed from the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P Figure 9 and the Figure 10 only because pyramids 2.6.1P with a hexagonal floor plan and hexagonal contact surfaces 2.6.2P according to the Figure 15 were used. There were three layers of these plate-shaped molding compounds 2.6P in the Figure 11 as shown, so that a "triple egg carton" configuration 2.6cP resulted as a mineral fiber layer 2P.
  • the circumferential opening 1.5P was as in Figure 9 described closed with circumferential U-profile rails 1.3P.
  • the sandwich panel 1P had a total thickness of around 10 mm and was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with rock wool. This 1P sandwich panel also had excellent sound and heat insulation and was fire retardant even at red heat after the coating had burned or charred. The sandwich panel 1P was therefore ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the sandwich panel 1P Figure 12 became like that Figure 9 described by forming five layers of the plate-shaped molding compositions 2.6P with the "egg carton” configuration, as in the Figure 12 shown, superimposed, resulting in a "five-fold egg carton” configuration 2.6dP.
  • the sandwich panel 1P had a total thickness of around 14 mm and was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with rock wool. This sandwich panel 1P also had excellent sound and heat insulation and was fire-retardant even at red heat and did not deform. The sandwich panel 1P was therefore ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the sandwich panel 1P Figure 16 was made by first taking the at the Figure 9 dough-shaped mass described plate-shaped molding masses 2.8P with a "Corrugated iron" configuration.
  • the parallel webs 2.10.1P were spaced 4 mm apart and were 8 mm high. Their wall thickness was 2 mm.
  • the contact surfaces 2.6.2P were 4 mm wide.
  • the channels 2.2P in the webs had a maximum clear width of 6 mm.
  • a layer of the plate-shaped molding compounds 2.8P was bonded to the cover layers 1.1P and 1.2P with a high-temperature-resistant glass-metal adhesive on the contact surfaces 2.6.2P.
  • the circumferential opening 1.5P between the cover layers 1.1P; 1.2P was like that Figure 9 described closed with U-profile rails.
  • the resulting sandwich panel 1 had a total thickness of approximately 10 mm. It was significantly lighter than a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with polycrystalline aluminum oxide wool. The sound insulation, thermal insulation and fire retardancy were excellent.
  • the sandwich panel 1P was therefore ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the Figure 17 shows a mineral fiber layer 2P which contained differently shaped depressions and troughs 2.9P.
  • the mineral fiber layer 2P had a maximum layer thickness of 4 mm.
  • the maximum depth of the depressions and troughs 2.9P was 3 mm.
  • the mineral fiber layer 2P was made from the following by compression molding Figure 9 dough-shaped mass described.
  • a sandwich panel 1P produced with this mineral fiber layer 2 had the same excellent properties as described above.
  • the sandwich panel 1P Figure 18 was manufactured by combining paper sheets 2.7P made of high-temperature resistant polycrystalline alumina wool with the Figure 9 suspension 2.5.1P described, so that an aluminum oxide wool with a solids content of 90% by weight of aluminum oxide and 10% by weight of cement resulted.
  • the impregnated paper webs 2.7P were folded while wet so that the distance from the tips to the depressions in the folded paper webs 2.7.1P was 5 mm.
  • the folded impregnated paper webs 2.7.1P were cured in air at room temperature.
  • the sandwich panel 1P was about 20 mm thick and had a mineral fiber layer 2P with a "corrugated cardboard" configuration 2.8P, which was particularly mechanically stable.
  • the thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire retardancy were excellent.
  • This sandwich panel 1P was therefore also ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.
  • the sandwich panel Figure 19 was manufactured by folding paper sheets 2.7P made of high-temperature-resistant alumina wool and bonding them to a 1.5 mm thick cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P made of stainless steel using a high-temperature-resistant inorganic glass-metal adhesive 2.5P.
  • the free sides of the folded paper strips 2.7.1P were glued with mineral fiber fleeces 2.11P made of aluminum silicate wool.
  • Folded paper webs 2.7.1P were again placed on the mineral fiber fleece 2.11P and glued so that their channels 2.3P were arranged orthogonally to the channels 2.2P of the first layer of folded paper webs 2.7.1P.
  • the free sides of these folded paper webs 2.7.1P were glued to the other cover layer 1.1P or 1.2P, and the circumferential opening 1.5P was closed all around with U-profile rails 1.3P as described above.
  • the sandwich panel 1P was approximately 22 mm thick and had a significant weight saving compared to a comparable sandwich panel whose gap was completely filled with high-temperature-resistant aluminum oxide wool.
  • the sandwich panel 1P was particularly mechanically stable and had excellent thermal insulation, Sound insulation and fire retardancy. This sandwich panel 1P was therefore also ideally suited as a component for the hybrid buildings 1 according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Bâtiment hybride (1) composé au moins de parties en acier, de parties en béton armé, de parties en béton léger et de panneaux sandwichs ignifuges, à isolation acoustique et thermique, comprenant au moins
    - au moins un plafond horizontal en panneau sandwich (O ; 7 ; 1P) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30 et d'une isolation acoustique de ≤ 60 dB,
    - au moins un côté arrière ou côté de fenêtre (R ; 6 ; 1P) en au moins une paroi verticale en panneau sandwich (6 ; 1P) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30 avec au moins un évidement (10.1) pour au moins une fenêtre (10),
    - au moins deux parois latérales verticales en panneau sandwich (S ; 6 ; 1P) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30, qui sont adjacents à un revêtement de paroi latérale d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30,
    - des supports métalliques supérieurs et inférieurs (3 ; 2), constitués chacun d'une partie centrale et de deux parties latérales plus courtes, les liaisons entre les parties centrales et les parties latérales étant situées aux emplacements où les pointes de tension mécanique se produiraient dans le cas d'un support métallique d'une seule pièce,
    - au moins une plaque de sol horizontale (5) d'une isolation contre les bruits d'impact RW ≤ 50 dB en béton armé, qui est pourvue d'un revêtement amortissant les bruits d'impact et qui est reliée avec des suspensions (5.2) aux supports métalliques inférieurs (2),
    - au moins un côté avant ou côté d'entrée (O ; 6 ; 1P) en au moins une paroi verticale en panneau sandwich (6 ; 1P) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30 avec au moins un évidement (5.1) pour au moins une porte d'entrée et
    - au moins une ossature de base portante qui suit les arêtes imaginaires d'au moins un parallélépipède rectangle, comprenant au moins
    - quatre colonnes verticales en béton (4) avec chacune au moins un noyau métallique et, aux extrémités (i), chacune avec un parallélépipède perforé inférieur (4.1) en métal avec au moins un trou de réception (4.1.1) dans chacune des quatre parois verticales et un trou de réception (4.1.3) dans la paroi horizontale inférieure et (ii) avec un parallélépipède perforé supérieur (4.2) en métal avec au moins un trou de réception (4.2.1) dans chacune des quatre parois verticales et un trou de réception (4.2.2) dans la paroi horizontale supérieure ainsi que
    - au moins quatre supports métalliques horizontaux inférieurs (2) en plusieurs parties, agencés dans au moins un rectangle ou un carré, reliés aux parallélépipèdes perforés inférieurs (4.1), exempts de pointes de tension mécaniques, et
    - au moins quatre supports métalliques horizontaux supérieurs (3) en plusieurs parties, agencés dans au moins un rectangle ou carré coïncidant, reliés aux parallélépipèdes perforés supérieurs (4.2), exempts de pointes de tension mécaniques,
    - chaque paroi latérale en panneau sandwich (S ; 6 ; 1P) et chaque plafond en panneau sandwich (O ; 7 ; 1P) présentant un poids de 15 kg/mh2 à 40 kg/mh2, un coefficient de transmission de chaleur U de 0,6 W/m2K à 0,5 W/m2K, et comprenant chacun au moins une première et au moins une deuxième couche de recouvrement ignifuge (1.1P) et (1.2P), qui sont agencées parallèlement à une distance l'une de l'autre, ainsi qu'au moins une couche de fibres minérales (2P) constituée d'au moins un type de fibres minérales (2.1P) entre au moins deux des couches de recouvrement (1.1P; 1.2P), l'au moins une couche de fibres minérales (2P) des panneaux sandwich (1P) étant traversée par des canaux (2.2P) s'étendant parallèlement aux couches de recouvrement (1.1P ; 1.2P) et/ou par des canaux (2.4P) s'étendant verticalement par rapport aux couches de recouvrement (1.1P ; 1.2P) et/ou comprenant des creux et/ou des cavités (2.9P),
    - les panneaux sandwich (1P) présentant chacun un rail profilé en U périphérique (1.3P) pour couvrir l'ouverture périphérique (1.4P) entre les arêtes (1.5P) des couches de recouvrement (1.1P ; 1.2P),
    - le rail profilé en U périphérique (1,3P) présentant au moins une ouverture (1.3.1P) pour l'équilibrage de la pression avec l'environnement,
    - les parois latérales en panneau sandwich (S ; 6) ainsi que les supports métalliques supérieurs et inférieurs associés (3 ; 2) étant revêtus d'un revêtement de paroi latérale (8) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30,
    - les côtés avant ou les côtés d'entrée (V ; 6), à l'exception des évidements (5.1) pour les portes ainsi que les supports métalliques supérieurs et inférieurs associés (3 ; 2), étant revêtus de revêtements de paroi intérieure (11) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 30,
    - les côtés arrière ou les côtés de fenêtre (R ; 6), à l'exception des évidements (10.1) pour les fenêtres (10), ainsi que les supports métalliques supérieurs et inférieurs associées (3 ; 2), étant recouverts de façades extérieures (11) d'une classe de résistance au feu d'au moins 60, et
    - des appuis de plaques de couloir (4.1.2) en métal étant fixés sur les parallélépipèdes perforés inférieurs (4.1) du côté avant ou du côté d'entrée (V ; 6).
  2. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les revêtements de paroi latérale (8) sont des tôles en acier.
  3. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les supports métalliques supérieurs et inférieurs (3 ; 2) ont un profil en U.
  4. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le métal est choisi dans le groupe constitué par l'acier, l'acier au chrome, l'acier au molybdène, l'acier V2 A et l'acier V4 A.
  5. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé en usine d'une zone sanitaire (12) séparée du reste de l'espace par des parois verticales en panneau sandwich (6).
  6. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la zone sanitaire (12) comprend au moins un lavabo (15), une cabine de douche, au moins une toilette (14) avec un réservoir d'eau (14.1) et un puits d'alimentation et d'aération (13) avec des conduites d'alimentation (13.1).
  7. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est assemblé horizontalement et/ou verticalement avec au moins un autre bâtiment hybride (1) au moyen de dispositifs de liaison qui sont insérés dans les trous de réception (4.1.1 ; 4.1.3; 4.2.1 ; 4.2.2) des parallélépipèdes perforés (4.1 ; 4.2) pour former un bâtiment hybride plus grand (1).
  8. Bâtiment hybride (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche de fibres minérales (2P) est composée de fibres minérales (2.1P) choisies dans le groupe constitué par la laine de silicate d'aluminium, la laine de silicate alcalino-terreux, la laine de silicate d'aluminium et de zirconium, la laine de verre haute température, la laine d'oxyde d'aluminium polycristalline, les fibres céramiques d'oxyde d'aluminium, les fibres céramiques de mullite, les fibres céramiques d'oxyde d'yttrium, les fibres de carbure de silicium, de carbure-nitrure de silicium et de borure-nitrure-carbure de silicium, les fibres de verre résistant aux alcalis, les fibres de quartz, les fibres de silice, les fibres de basalte, les fibres de bore, les fibres monocristallines (whisker), les fibres polycristallines, les fibres de laitier et les fibres de nanotubes.
  9. Utilisation des bâtiments hybrides (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 comme hôtels, motels, bâtiments résidentiels, maisons de retraite, écoles, salles de conférence, salles d'ordinateurs, bâtiments de bureaux, restaurants, cuisines, magasins de tout type, prisons, entrepôts, hôpitaux et cliniques avec chambres de patients, unités d'isolement, unités de soins intensifs, cabinets de médecins, salles de traitement, salles d'opération, salles de diagnostic avec des appareils d'examen médical, salles d'attente, locaux sociaux, locaux de stockage, locaux pour les déchets médicaux et autres, bâtiments de protection contre les rayonnements électromagnétiques et les champs magnétiques, ainsi que bâtiments de recherche et de développement avec des laboratoires et des salles blanches physiques, chimiques, biologiques et microbiologiques.
  10. Utilisation selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les bâtiments hybrides (1) sont équipés d'ascenseurs, d'escaliers roulants, de caves, de parkings souterrains, de cages d'escalier, de sas, de portes de sécurité, d'installations de climatisation, de locaux et de structures pour la technique de bâtiment, de vestibules, de halls d'entrée, de loges de concierge, d'installations d'arrosage, d'installations de transmission, de salles de fitness, de saunas et de piscines.
EP21000101.2A 2020-04-14 2021-04-12 Bâtiment hybride Active EP3896235B1 (fr)

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NL7211388A (fr) * 1972-08-21 1974-02-25
US20010047628A1 (en) 1999-12-21 2001-12-06 Roy Mouton Relocatable fire, storm and contaminant resistant modular building structures
GB0228173D0 (en) 2002-12-03 2003-01-08 Window John Vertical alignment and levelling of modular building units
US7827738B2 (en) 2006-08-26 2010-11-09 Alexander Abrams System for modular building construction
WO2009061702A1 (fr) 2007-11-06 2009-05-14 Framemax, Inc. Unité, système, et procédé de construction d'immeuble modulaire
US9945142B2 (en) 2011-04-06 2018-04-17 Fmr Llc Modular data center
US9068340B2 (en) 2011-11-18 2015-06-30 Pre-Form Systems LLC Non-bearing modular construction system
WO2013086638A1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Marion Investments Ltd. Appareil, systèmes et procédés pour construction modulaire
US9366020B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2016-06-14 Fc Modular, Llc Modular building unit connection system
EP3034707A4 (fr) 2013-08-16 2017-03-08 Pedraza Paris, José Francisco Système de construction modulaire
WO2016091244A2 (fr) 2014-12-08 2016-06-16 Wenker Gmbh & Co. Kg Système de panneaux pour aménager des pièces
DE202017107660U1 (de) 2017-12-15 2018-03-06 CasaPor GmbH Gebäudemodul und daraus hergestelltes Gebäude

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