EP3896177B1 - Verfahren zur beschickung eines glockenlosen hochofens mit rohmaterial und verfahren zum betrieb eines hochofens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur beschickung eines glockenlosen hochofens mit rohmaterial und verfahren zum betrieb eines hochofens Download PDF

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EP3896177B1
EP3896177B1 EP20755670.5A EP20755670A EP3896177B1 EP 3896177 B1 EP3896177 B1 EP 3896177B1 EP 20755670 A EP20755670 A EP 20755670A EP 3896177 B1 EP3896177 B1 EP 3896177B1
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Prior art keywords
coke
furnace
distribution chute
charging
raw material
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3896177A4 (de
EP3896177A1 (de
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Yasushi Ogasawara
Takeshi Sato
Kazuhira ICHIKAWA
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/10—Charging directly from hoppers or shoots

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for charging raw materials into a bell-less blast furnace, the method being designed to lower the reducing agent ratio of a blast furnace, and to a blast furnace operation method that uses the method for charging raw materials.
  • coke and iron source materials which are burdens, are charged alternately from a furnace upper portion of the blast furnace.
  • the coke is utilized as a reducing agent and fuel.
  • the iron source materials are iron-containing oxides and include sintered ore, pellets, and lump ore. In the following description, these iron source materials will be collectively referred to as "ore".
  • coke layers and ore layers are alternately formed, and, accordingly, raw material deposition layers are formed. Hot air is blown through tuyeres disposed in a furnace lower portion of the blast furnace, and also, auxiliary fuel, such as pulverized coal and tar, is injected therethrough.
  • Maintaining the stable operation of a blast furnace requires ensuring that the raw material deposition layers have good gas permeability for the gas flowing from the furnace lower portion to the furnace upper portion, thereby stabilizing the gas flow in the furnace interior.
  • the stabilizing of the gas flow in the furnace interior can be achieved by ensuring a stable central gas flow and a stable near-furnace-wall gas flow.
  • the gas permeability of the raw material deposition layers is significantly affected, principally, by properties, particle sizes, and a charge amount of the coke and ore.
  • the gas permeability is also significantly affected by the method used to charge the burdens from the furnace top, that is, by the state of distribution of the burdens charged in the furnace interior. In the following description, the burden distribution state will be referred to as a "burden distribution".
  • Blast furnaces can be classified into bell-less blast furnaces and bell blast furnaces, depending on the type of the raw material charging apparatus. Regardless of whether a bell-less blast furnace or a bell blast furnace is used, an effective way to achieve a particularly stable gas flow is to reduce the [Ore/Coke] value of a central portion of the furnace.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for performing control for achieving a charge distribution.
  • the charge distribution is such that [Lo/(Lc+Lo)] (Lo is a thickness of the ore layers, and Lc is a thickness of the coke layers) satisfies the following conditions (a) to (d) provided that furnace interior regions in a furnace radial direction are designated as, starting from the furnace center side, a first region, in which r/Rt ⁇ 0.20, a second region, in which 0.20 ⁇ r/Rt ⁇ 0.80, and a third region, in which 0.80 ⁇ r/Rt, where r (m) is a distance from a furnace center in the furnace radial direction, and Rt (m) is a furnace interior radius at a throat portion.
  • This method increases the reduction efficiency of an entire blast furnace by increasing [Lo/(Lc+Lo)] in the second region while ensuring the gas permeability of the furnace interior of the blast furnace in the first and third regions.
  • a widely used means for charging raw materials from the furnace top is a bell-less charging device provided with a distribution chute.
  • a fall position and a deposition amount of the raw materials in the furnace radial direction can be adjusted by changing an inclination angle of the distribution chute and the number of rotations thereof, and, accordingly, [Ore/Coke] can be controlled.
  • the "inclination angle of the distribution chute” is an angle between a vertical direction and a direction at which the raw materials on a chute surface of the distribution chute flow.
  • Patent Literature 2 discloses a method for reducing the deposition width of matter that is to be deposited, which is achieved by ensuring that a linear velocity V of an end of a distribution chute is less than or equal to a predetermined value, which is determined based on a property of the raw materials to be charged.
  • JPS58123808A which describes a charging method of raw material into blast furnace
  • JP2012036425A which describes a bell-less blast furnace operation method
  • JP2015117388A which describes a raw material charging method
  • JP2011140705A which describes a turning chute in bell-less type furnace-top charging apparatus for blast furnace and method for operating blast furnace.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide a method for charging raw materials into a bell-less blast furnace, the method enabling raw materials to be charged into a predetermined position in the furnace interior without compromising productivity, and to provide a blast furnace operation method that uses the method for charging raw materials.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an overview of the model apparatus 10.
  • the model apparatus 10 includes a furnace top bunker 12, a collecting hopper 16, a distribution chute 18, and sample boxes 24.
  • the furnace top bunker 12 includes three hoppers 14, in which coke and ore can be stored.
  • a gate is disposed at a lower portion of each of the hoppers 14. The gate allows the stored raw materials to be discharged therethrough.
  • the collecting hopper 16 feeds the raw materials discharged from the furnace top bunker 12 to the distribution chute 18.
  • the distribution chute 18 includes a chute 20 and a diversion plate 22.
  • the sample boxes 24 are disposed in four directions in a radial manner, with a center being a position corresponding to the center of rotation of the distribution chute 18.
  • Each of the sample boxes 24 has a plurality of storage sections 26, which are divided sections disposed in a direction from the center side toward the outside, with spacings of 20 mm.
  • the sample boxes 24 are installed with a height such that the upper openings of the sample boxes 24 are positioned at a level 424 mm below a center position of inclination and rotation of the distribution chute 18 in a vertical direction.
  • the difference in level corresponds to 0.67 times a throat diameter of the model apparatus 10, as the throat diameter is 630 mm.
  • Fig. 2 presents a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of an end portion of the distribution chute 18, which includes the diversion plate 22.
  • Fig. 2(a) is the perspective view
  • Fig. 2(b) is the cross-sectional view.
  • the diversion plate 22 is disposed at an end of the distribution chute 18 in a manner such that the diversion plate 22 is inclined downward relative to the conveying direction.
  • the diversion plate 22 is disposed such that if the conveying direction of the chute 20 is parallel to a horizon, a distance (L in Fig. 2(b) ) from an end of the chute 20 to the diversion plate 22 in a horizontal direction is 70 mm. A slope angle ( ⁇ in Fig. 2(b) ) of the diversion plate 22 is 23° with respect to the horizontal direction. In instances where the angle of the diversion plate 22 is to be changed, a length of the diversion plate 22 is to be adjusted such that the distance from the chute 20 to the diversion plate 22 in the horizontal direction remains unchanged.
  • the coke charging experiment with the model apparatus 10 was conducted by the following procedure. First, 3 kg of coke having a particle diameter of 2.0 mm to 2.8 mm was charged into the furnace top bunker 12. An opening degree of the gate of the furnace top bunker 12 was adjusted such that the 3 kg of coke could be discharged in 17 seconds. Next, the gate was opened to discharge the coke into the collecting hopper 16 from the furnace top bunker 12, and the coke was allowed to fall through the distribution chute 18. The coke that fell from the distribution chute 18 was stored in the storage sections 26 of the sample boxes 24.
  • the coke is an example of the carbonaceous material.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the weight distribution obtained in the charging experiment.
  • the horizontal axis represents a position in the radial direction from the center (mm)
  • the vertical axis represents a cumulative weight frequency (%).
  • the cumulative weight frequency is defined by using ratios of the weight of coke in regions associated with respective positions to the weight of the total coke; the respective positions are a predetermined distance away from the center, and the regions are closer to the center than the respective positions are.
  • the position corresponding to a cumulative weight frequency of 50% was designated as a predominant fall position, and a distance in the radial direction between the position corresponding to a cumulative weight frequency of 5% and the position corresponding to a cumulative weight frequency of 95% was designated as a fall width.
  • the inclination angle of the distribution chute 18 was adjusted such that a near-furnace-wall position at a level 424 mm below the center of inclination and rotation in the vertical direction corresponded to the cumulative weight frequency of 95%, that is, the near-furnace-wall position was located 315 mm from the furnace center.
  • the charging experiment was conducted in a manner in which a length of the chute 20 of the distribution chute 18 was 240 mm, and a rotational speed of the distribution chute 18 was varied, that is, rotational speeds of 42.2, 50.6, and 59.1 rpm were used.
  • the model apparatus 10 has a scale factor of 1/17.8 with respect to an actual blast furnace. Given the fact that a condition under which the trajectory of the raw materials that fall from the distribution chute 18 becomes similar to that of the actual blast furnace is having a constant Froude number, the rotational speed of 42.2 rpm of the model apparatus 10 corresponds to a rotational speed of 10.0 rpm of the actual blast furnace.
  • the rotational speed of 50.6 rpm of the model apparatus 10 corresponds to a rotational speed of 12.0 rpm of the actual blast furnace.
  • the rotational speed of 59.1 rpm of the model apparatus 10 corresponds to a rotational speed of 14.0 rpm of the actual blast furnace.
  • the charging experiment was conducted for both the instance in which the diversion plate 22 was attached and the instance in which the diversion plate 22 was not attached. The conditions and the results of the experiment are shown in Table 1 below. [Table 1] Experiment No.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a model apparatus 30, which was used in the coke deposition angle measurement experiment.
  • the model apparatus 30 includes a furnace top bunker 12, a collecting hopper 16, a distribution chute 18, and a model furnace 32, which has a throat diameter of 630 mm.
  • the furnace top bunker 12, the collecting hopper 16, and the distribution chute 18 are the same as those used in the model apparatus 10.
  • a deposition surface having a slope angle of 16° was prepared within the model furnace 32.
  • the deposition angle is reduced, and, when the predominant fall position is near the wall surface, the coke deposition angle is also reduced. Accordingly, the slope angle at which the coke deposition angle is a maximum corresponds to a predominant fall position that exists therebetween.
  • the predominant fall position associated with the inclination angle at which the deposition angle is a maximum is shifted to the furnace wall side.
  • the rotational speed is increased, the coke falls on a distant location compared with an instance in which the rotational speed is low, because a centrifugal force acts on the coke flowing through the distribution chute 18.
  • the fall width is reduced compared with the instance in which the rotational speed is low, and, accordingly, the number of coke particles that collide with the furnace wall before reaching the deposition surface is reduced. Accordingly, in the instance where the rotational speed is high, compared with the instance in which the rotational speed is low, the predominant fall position associated with the inclination angle at which the coke deposition angle is a maximum shifts to the furnace wall side.
  • the coke deposition angle was increased even when the predominant fall position was relatively close to the furnace center.
  • a reason for this is believed to be as follows.
  • a speed of the coke particles in the horizontal direction was also increased, and, consequently, even when the predominant fall position was relatively close to the furnace center, the coke particles that collided with the deposition surface was moved toward the furnace wall side, which resulted in an increase in the coke deposition angle.
  • the maximum values of the coke deposition angle of cases with different rotational speeds were compared with one another, where each of the maximum values was the maximum for the cases with the same rotational speed. As a result, it was found that the maximum value of the deposition angle increased with the increase in the rotational speed.
  • the coke deposition angle can be increased by increasing the rotational speed of the distribution chute 18.
  • the result confirmed that the coke deposition angle in a region near the furnace wall can be increased by charging coke in a manner in which a distribution chute 18 with the diversion plate 22 attached to an end thereof is used, and the rotational speed of the distribution chute 18 is greater than 42.2 rpm.
  • the coke fall width was reduced, and the coke deposition angle was reduced, compared with the instances in which the distribution chute having a chute length of 240 mm was used.
  • the distribution chute having a chute length of 260 mm was used, when the rotational speed of the distribution chute was 50.6 rpm or greater, the coke fall width was also reduced, and the coke deposition angle in a region near the furnace wall was also increased, compared with the instance in which the rotational speed was 42.2 rpm.
  • the methods of the present invention for charging raw materials into a bell-less blast furnace are methods designed in accordance with the results of the coke charging experiments described above.
  • the rotational speeds of 42.2 rpm, 50.6 rpm, and 59.1 rpm of the distribution chute 18 of the model apparatus 10 and the model apparatus 30 correspond to rotational speeds of 10.0 rpm, 12.0 rpm, and 14.0 rpm, respectively, of a distribution chute of an actual blast furnace.
  • the rotational speed of the distribution chute is greater than or equal to 12.0 rpm.
  • the coke deposition angle in a near-furnace-wall portion is increased compared with instances in which the rotational speed is less than 12.0 rpm, and, therefore, as described in the Examples section later, the reducing agent ratio and the coke ratio in a blast furnace operation can be further lowered.
  • the rotational speed of the distribution chute can also be greater than or equal to 14.0 rpm.
  • the coke deposition angle in the near-furnace-wall portion is increased compared with instances in which the rotational speed is less than 14.0 rpm, and, therefore, the reducing agent ratio and the coke ratio in a blast furnace operation can be further lowered.
  • the distance from the center position of inclination and rotation of the distribution chute to the raw material deposition level of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging be greater than or equal to 0.60 times a throat radius.
  • the "raw material deposition level of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging” is a level of the raw material deposition surface of the furnace interior at the time at which the charging of raw materials from the distribution chute is started.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state of a furnace interior, which is a state at the time at which the charging of raw materials was started. With reference to Fig. 5 , the "level of the raw material deposition surface of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging" will be described.
  • the raw material deposition surface is not horizontal.
  • a detection means such as a sounding meter, for detecting the level of the raw material deposition surface of a region near the furnace wall is used, for example.
  • the detection means a decrease of the level of the deposition surface to a specific level is to be detected, and, at the time at which the detection is made, charging of a predetermined amount of raw materials is started. In this manner, management is performed such that the level of the deposition surface of the furnace interior is maintained within a predetermined range.
  • the level of the raw material deposition surface of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging is defined as a horizontal plane 40 at the level of the raw material deposition surface in a region near the furnace wall detected by a detection means.
  • the inclination angle of the distribution chute 18 is expressed by using a distance d, a throat radius Ro, and an angle ⁇ .
  • the distance d is a distance from a center position 42 of inclination and rotation of the distribution chute to the horizontal plane 40, which is the level of the raw material deposition surface of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging.
  • the angle ⁇ is defined by expression (1) below.
  • the inclination angle of the distribution chute is an angle between the raw material conveying direction of the distribution chute 18 and a vertically downward direction.
  • a blast furnace with an internal volume of 5005 m 3 and a throat diameter of 11.2 m was used. Ore was discharged from an ore bin and stored in a furnace top hopper. Coke was discharged from a coke bin and stored in a different furnace top hopper. Subsequently, the ore and the coke were alternately discharged into a distribution chute including a diversion plate, and the ore and coke were deposited in the furnace interior of the blast furnace; thus, a blast furnace operation was performed.
  • the charging was performed in a manner in which the inclination angle of the chute was set to be 54.5° before the charging was started, the rotational speed was 10.0 to 14.0 rpm, and the inclination angle was progressively reduced until coke was deposited on a furnace center.
  • In Invention Examples 1 to 15, ore and coke were deposited in the furnace interior of the blast furnace in a manner in which the chute length of the distribution chute including a diversion plate was 4.2 m, and a level 7.55 m below the center position of inclination and rotation of the distribution chute in the vertical direction was designated as the raw material deposition level of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging; thus, a blast furnace operation was performed.
  • the angle ⁇ was 36.6°, the angle ⁇ being defined by the distance d from the center position of inclination and rotation of the distribution chute to the level of the raw material deposition surface of the furnace interior at the start of raw material charging, the throat radius Ro, and expression (1) .
  • the charging was performed in a manner in which the inclination angle of the distribution chute at the start of charging was progressively reduced with an increase in the rotational speed, and after the charging was started, the inclination angle was progressively reduced until coke was deposited on a furnace center.
  • the rotational speed of the distribution chute was 10.5 to 14.0 rpm.
  • the operation conditions and the results of the operation of the Examples and Comparative Example are shown in Table 5 and Table 6 below.
  • the coke deposition angle in a near-furnace-wall portion was calculated from the slope angle of a region extending 1.8 m from the furnace wall; the slope angle was determined by profile data, which was burden profile data obtained after coke had been charged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
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Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zum Beschicken eines glockenlosen Gebläse-Hochofens mit Rohmaterialien, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Laden eines Eisen-Ausgangsmaterials und eines kohlenstoffhaltigen Materials in einen Hochofeninnenraum des Gebläse-Hochofens durch Rotieren einer Verteilungsschütte (18), wobei
    die Verteilungsschütte (18) eine Ablenkplatte (22) an einem Ende der Verteilungsschütte (18) beinhaltet, wobei die Ablenkplatte (22) relativ zu einer Förderrichtung der Verteilungsschütte (18) abwärts geneigt ist, und weiter, wobei
    i) eine Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Verteilungsschütte (18) größer oder gleich 12,0 UPM ist, und
    ein Neigungswinkel der Verteilungsschütte (18) größer oder gleich 1,36α ist, wobei α ein Winkel ist, der durch eine Distanz d, einen Schlundradius Ro und den unten gezeigten Ausdruck (1) definiert ist, und die Distanz d eine Distanz von einem Rotationszentrum der Verteilungsschütte (18) bis zu einem Ausgangsmaterial-Ablagerungsniveau des Hochofeninnenraums ist, wobei das Ausgangsmaterial-Ablagerungsniveau ein Niveau zu einem Start des Ausgangsmaterialbeschickens ist tan α = Ro/d
    Figure imgb0004
    oder ii) eine Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Verteilungsschütte (18) größer oder gleich 14,0 UPM ist, und
    ein Neigungswinkel der Verteilungsschütte (18) größer oder gleich 1,41α ist, wobei α ein Winkel ist, der durch eine Distanz d, einen Schlundradius Ro und den unten gezeigten Ausdruck (1) definiert ist, und die Distanz d eine Distanz von einem Rotationszentrum der Verteilungsschütte (18) bis zu einem Ausgangsmaterial-Ablagerungsniveau des Hochofeninnenraums ist, wobei das Ausgangsmaterial-Ablagerungsniveau ein Niveau bei einem Start des Ausgangsmaterialbeschickens ist tan α = Ro/d
    Figure imgb0005
     während
    der Neigungswinkel der Verteilungsschütte (18) ein Winkel zwischen der Ausgangsmaterialförderrichtung der Verteilungsschütte (18) und einer vertikalen Abwärtsrichtung ist; und
    der Schlundradius Ro auf dem Niveau der Ausgangsmaterial-Ablagerungsoberfläche des Hochofeninnenraums beim Start der Ausgangsmaterialbeschickung ist.
  2. Gebläse-Hochofen-Betriebsverfahren, umfassend
    Beschicken eines Hochofen-Innenraums des Gebläse-Hochofens mit einem Eisen-Ausgangsmaterial und einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Material unter Verwendung des Verfahrens zum Beschicken eines glockenlosen Gebläse-Hochofens mit Rohmaterialien gemäß Anspruch 1.
EP20755670.5A 2019-02-15 2020-01-30 Verfahren zur beschickung eines glockenlosen hochofens mit rohmaterial und verfahren zum betrieb eines hochofens Active EP3896177B1 (de)

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JPS58123808A (ja) * 1982-01-14 1983-07-23 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高炉の原料装入方法
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CN207376079U (zh) * 2017-09-28 2018-05-18 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 一种高炉布料用溜槽

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EP3896177A1 (de) 2021-10-20
CN113423844A (zh) 2021-09-21
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