EP3882229A1 - Masse active explosive pouvant être coulée en masse fondue - Google Patents

Masse active explosive pouvant être coulée en masse fondue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3882229A1
EP3882229A1 EP21162112.3A EP21162112A EP3882229A1 EP 3882229 A1 EP3882229 A1 EP 3882229A1 EP 21162112 A EP21162112 A EP 21162112A EP 3882229 A1 EP3882229 A1 EP 3882229A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
mode
particles
active mass
particle size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21162112.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver PHAM-SCHÖNWETTER
Arno Hahma
Björn DONNER
Philipp Schwegler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3882229A1 publication Critical patent/EP3882229A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/02—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising particles of diverse size or shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/005—By a process involving melting at least part of the ingredients

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an explosive active substance which comprises a crystalline first explosive and a fusible second explosive as a binding agent as well as an energetic additive.
  • Octol A similar explosive substance, but without an energetic additive, is known under the name Octol. It is a solid mixture of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) and trinitrotoluene (TNT). The mixture can contain, for example, 70% by weight of HMX and 30% by weight of TNT ("Octol 70/30") or 75% by weight of HMX and 25% by weight of TNT (“Octol 75/25”) .
  • HMX cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
  • TNT trinitrotoluene
  • the mixture can contain, for example, 70% by weight of HMX and 30% by weight of TNT (“Octol 70/30”) or 75% by weight of HMX and 25% by weight of TNT (“Octol 75/25”) .
  • Octol is a melt-castable explosive active substance, which, however, has a high sensitivity and is therefore dangerous to handle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative explosive active substance which, in the event of a detonation, provides a similarly high performance as Octol, but at the same time is significantly less sensitive and therefore safer to handle.
  • an explosive active substance which, in addition to a crystalline first explosive and a second explosive as a binder, comprises an energetic additive.
  • An energetic additive is understood to mean an additive which, after being ignited or ignited, releases energy, in particular at least 1 kJ / g, through reaction without external oxidizers, such as atmospheric oxygen. Molecules of such additives usually carry energetic groups such as nitro groups, nitramine groups or nitrate groups.
  • the second explosive has a melting point or melting range in a temperature range between 70 ° C and 120 ° C. As a result, the explosive active compound according to the invention can be melt-cast.
  • a special feature of the explosive substance according to the invention is that the first explosive and the additive are present in the form of particles in a mixture in which the particles have a multimodal particle size distribution.
  • the mixture has a particle size distribution having at least three modes, an average particle size of the particles of a first mode being 1.2 to 20 times larger than an average particle size of the particles of a second mode.
  • the second mode can be that of the modes which has the smallest mean particle size.
  • the mean particle size of the particles of the first mode is also 1.2 times to 20 times smaller than a mean particle size of the particles of a third mode.
  • the third mode can be that of the modes that has the largest mean particle size.
  • a mean particle size is understood to mean that particle size at which just 50% of the particles in this mode are smaller than this particle size.
  • the particle size and the particle size distribution can be determined by means of laser diffraction.
  • the "Mastersizer 3000" device from Malvern Panalytical GmbH, Kassel, Germany, for example, can be used for this purpose.
  • the particles to be measured are suspended in a liquid, for example isopropanol, and the scattering of a laser beam guided through the resulting suspension is analyzed. The analysis is carried out by comparing a diffraction pattern obtained by laser diffraction with diffraction patterns obtained by calibration using defined suspensions of spherical particles of different sizes.
  • the particle size determined by laser light scattering is a physical equivalent diameter.
  • another physical equivalent diameter can also be determined, for example by determining the sinking speed of the particles in a liquid or in air. at the particle size determination by means of the sinking speed of particles in air is called the aerodynamic diameter and the particle size determination by means of the sedimentation speed of particles in a liquid is called the equivalent diameter in a fluid.
  • the mean particle size of the second mode is no more than 20 times smaller than the mean particle size of the first mode prevents the molten explosive substance from becoming too viscous to be easy to handle in the molten state by casting. If the particles are too small, the result is a highly viscous melt.
  • the additive is energetic, it is avoided that the explosive active mass is excessively reduced in its performance by the additive. Due to the very close packing of the particles achieved through the special particle size distribution in at least three modes, the sensitivity of the explosive substance is reduced. It can be further reduced if the aggregate is an insensitive aggregate.
  • the insensitivity of the additive, the explosive substance or another component of the explosive substance can be determined by means of a gap test.
  • the height of a standardized water column referred to as a "gap" or “gap", is measured, which is sufficient to transfer a shock wave generated by detonation of a standard explosive charge in the water column to the explosive active substance or explosive active substance component to be examined in such a way that it detonates or detonates reliably reliably no longer detonated.
  • the values are usually given in millimeters of the water column. The lower the value, the more insensitive the examined active mass or active mass component is.
  • the limit value of the gap for an insensitive substance is 15 mm. If the gap is equal to or smaller than 15 mm and the substance does not yet detonate in a reproducible manner, it is classified as insensitive.
  • Such insensitive additives are known. It can be, for example, nitroguanidine, guanylurea dinitramide (FOX-12; GUDN; CAS No. 217464-38-5), guanidine dinitrate, nitrotriazolone (NTO), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) or dihydroxylammonium-5,5'-bistetrazole Act 1,1'-diolate (TKX-50).
  • the aggregate can comprise at least one of the substances mentioned.
  • the absolute density of the aggregate can be at least 1.74 g / cm 3 , in particular at least 1.75 g / cm 3 .
  • the explosive substance can contain a wax, plastic or resin which has a melting point or melting range in a temperature range from 80.degree. C. to 120.degree.
  • the sensitivity can be reduced in a cost-effective manner, but this is usually associated with a loss of performance of the explosive active substance.
  • the particles of the first mode can be particles of the aggregate.
  • the mean particle size of the particles of the first mode can be in the range from 90 ⁇ m to 210 ⁇ m, in particular 100 ⁇ m to 190 ⁇ m, in particular 110 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m.
  • a ratio of the percentage by weight of the particles of the first mode to the percentage by weight of the particles of the second mode in the explosive substance can be in the range from 1: 5 to 6: 1, in particular 2: 1 to 5: 1.
  • a ratio of the percentage by weight of the particles of the second mode to the percentage by weight of the particles of the third mode in the explosive substance can be in the range from 1: 2 to 1: 6, in particular 1: 3 to 1: 5.
  • a ratio of the percentage by weight of the particles of the first mode to the percentage by weight of the particles of the third mode in the explosive active mass can be in the range from 1: 1 to 1:12, in particular 1: 2 to 1: 11, in particular 1: 3 to 1: 5 , lie.
  • a ratio of the percentages by weight of the particles of the first, second and third mode in the explosive substance can be selected so that the explosive substance has a density of more than 99%, in particular more than 99.1%, in particular more than 99.2%, in particular more than 99.3%, in particular more than 99.4%, of the theoretical maximum density and / or an absolute density of at least 1.77 g / cm 3 , in particular at least 1.78 g / cm 3 , in particular at least 1.79 g / cm 3 , in particular at least 1.80 g / cm 3 .
  • the mean particle size of the particles of the first mode can be 1.3 to 18 times, in particular 1.4 to 12 times, in particular 1.5 -fold to 8 times, larger than the mean particle size of the particles of the second mode.
  • the mean particle size of the particles of the first mode can be 1.3 times to 18 times, in particular 1.4 times to 12 times, in particular 1.5 times to 8 times, smaller as the mean particle size of the particles of the third mode.
  • the particle size distribution has three or four modes.
  • the first explosive can be cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (DADNE, FOX-7), hexogen (RDX), 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azoxyfurazan (DAAF), 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105).
  • the first explosive can also be any other crystalline explosive whose detonation pressure is higher than the detonation pressure of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (hexogen) and whose detonation speed is higher than the detonation speed of hexogen when the other crystalline explosive and hexogen detonate.
  • the second explosive can be trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole (MTNI), bis (1,2,4-oxadiazolyl) furoxan (BOF), N-methyltetranitropyrrole (MTNP), bis (1, 2,4-oxadiazole) bis (methylene) dinitrate (BITN), 3,3-bis-isoxazole-5,5'-bis-methylenedinitrate (BIDN), 3- (4-aminofurazan-3-yl) -4- ( 4-nitrofurazan-3-yl) furazan (ANTF), 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), a eutectic mixture containing ammonium nitrate, or ammonium dinitramine (ADN).
  • TNT trinitrotoluene
  • MTNI 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole
  • BOF bis (1,2,4-oxadiazolyl) furoxan
  • MTNP N-methyltetranitro
  • the particles of the first mode consist of the aggregate.
  • the particles of the second and third modes can each consist of the first explosive.
  • the particles of the second mode or of the third mode consist of the aggregate or the particles of the first and third mode or of the first and second mode consist of the explosive. Any other combination of the composition of the particles of the individual modes is possible. It is even possible for particles of different composition to belong to the same mode of particle size distribution.
  • the particle size distributions of the particles of potential components of an explosive active mass according to the invention were determined by means of the "Mastersizer 3000" particle size measuring device from Malvern Panalytical GmbH in a suspension of the particles in isopropanol. The measurements were each carried out several times in order to be able to recognize an artificial falsification of the measurement results. The results of the measurements are in the Figures 1 to 4 shown. All measurement curves determined with the same substance were shown in the same figure. In the order of Figures 1 to 4 these show the results of the particle size determinations of guanylurea dinitramide, nitroguanidine, HMX NSO137 and HMX Grade B Class 2.
  • the determined mean particle size ie the particle size at which 50% of the total particles contained in the measured sample are smaller than this value, is 164 ⁇ m for guanylurea dinitramide, 115 ⁇ m for nitroguanidine, 244 ⁇ m for HMX NSO137 and 9.87 ⁇ m for HMX Grade B Class 2. Since the measurement curves determined for the respective substance are almost congruent, an artificial falsification of the measurements, for example due to air bubbles, can be excluded.
  • Trinitrotoluene was used as a meltable explosive with a melting point of 80.1 ° C.
  • the components indicated in Table 1 below were used in the indicated weight percent mixing ratio mixed to get the particular mix.
  • the resulting mixtures were each melted in a water bath, mixed homogeneously and then poured into the test specimens.
  • the test specimens were used to determine the actual density, to carry out the gap test and to determine the detonation properties.
  • Components Mixing ratio [% by weight] 5 GUDN 5 TNT 30th HMX NSO137 51 HMX Grade B Class 2 14th 7th Nitroguanidine 15th TNT 33 HMX NSO137 41 HMX Grade B Class 2 11
  • V5 denotes mixture no. 5
  • V7 denotes mixture no. 7.
  • the limit value of the gap for an insensitive explosive is 15 mm. Is the If the gap is equal to or smaller than 15 mm and the explosive does not yet detonate in a reproducible manner, it is classified as insensitive. From the above table 2 it can be clearly seen that the Octol 70/30 used as reference is not insensitive, while the mixtures No. 5 and 7 are to be classified as insensitive.
  • Density for TMD [%] denotes the percentage density of the respective explosive active mass in relation to the theoretical maximum density of the respective explosive active mass.
  • Table 3 ⁇ /b> composition Density [g / cm 3 ] Density to TMD [%] Octol 70/30 (reference) 1.8281 99.8940 GUDN / TNT / HMX NSO137 / HMX Grade B Class 2 (V5) 1.8021 99.4547 NQ / TNT / HMX NSO137 / HMX Grade B Class 2 (V7) 1.7804 99.4610

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
EP21162112.3A 2020-03-18 2021-03-11 Masse active explosive pouvant être coulée en masse fondue Pending EP3882229A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020001794.0A DE102020001794A1 (de) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Schmelzgießbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse

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EP3882229A1 true EP3882229A1 (fr) 2021-09-22

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DE (1) DE102020001794A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA202101714B (fr)

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CN112552134B (zh) * 2020-12-09 2022-05-24 西安近代化学研究所 一种熔铸炸药
CN114539010B (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-11-11 中北大学 一种mtnp/dntf/dnan低共熔物的制备方法
CN115403430B (zh) * 2022-07-29 2023-11-10 湖北航天化学技术研究所 一种adn协同防吸湿复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3804396C1 (en) * 1988-02-12 1989-05-18 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De Process for producing plastic-bonded explosives
US5067996A (en) * 1977-10-17 1991-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Plastic bonded explosives which exhibit mild cook-off and bullet impact insensitive properties
US20050081970A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-04-21 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Insensitive explosive molding powder, paste process
US20100065170A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2010-03-18 Doll Daniel W Impact resistant explosive compositions
US20120305149A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2012-12-06 Nexter Munitions Melt-cast insensitive explosive composition

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13517B (fr) 1902-10-22 1903-10-10 Erste Oesterreichische Actien
US5468313A (en) 1994-11-29 1995-11-21 Thiokol Corporation Plastisol explosive
AU6046300A (en) 1999-12-22 2001-07-03 Cordant Technologies, Inc. Reduced sensitivity melt-cast explosives

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5067996A (en) * 1977-10-17 1991-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Plastic bonded explosives which exhibit mild cook-off and bullet impact insensitive properties
DE3804396C1 (en) * 1988-02-12 1989-05-18 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De Process for producing plastic-bonded explosives
US20050081970A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-04-21 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Insensitive explosive molding powder, paste process
US20100065170A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2010-03-18 Doll Daniel W Impact resistant explosive compositions
US20120305149A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2012-12-06 Nexter Munitions Melt-cast insensitive explosive composition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ERNST-CHRISTIAN KOCH, DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 15, 2019, pages 467 - 487

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ZA202101714B (en) 2022-07-27

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