EP3877536A1 - Verfahren zur biotechnologischen gewinnung des blaugrünen pilzpigments xylindein - Google Patents
Verfahren zur biotechnologischen gewinnung des blaugrünen pilzpigments xylindeinInfo
- Publication number
- EP3877536A1 EP3877536A1 EP19802100.8A EP19802100A EP3877536A1 EP 3877536 A1 EP3877536 A1 EP 3877536A1 EP 19802100 A EP19802100 A EP 19802100A EP 3877536 A1 EP3877536 A1 EP 3877536A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- biomass
- xylindein
- chlorociboria
- blue
- culture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/66—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing the quinoid structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/145—Fungi isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
- C12P17/181—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system, e.g. Salinomycin, Septamycin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
Definitions
- the field of application of the invention is the biotechnological production of a fungal pigment which is usually used as a colorant.
- Xylindein is a natural blue-green pigment (empirical formula C 32 H 24 O 10 , CAS No. 3779-1 1 - 1), which is produced by fungi of the genus Chlorociboria sp., Verdigris cups and has the following chemical structure:
- This pigment is known for the natural blue-green discoloration of wood. This wood, which is naturally discolored in the forest, has been used for inlays for several centuries. Xylindein is also promising for use as a fluorescent marker or as an organic semiconductor. There is currently no way to chemically synthesize xylindein.
- Robinson et al. (2014) applied the concept of extracting xylindein directly from the fungal biomass and colored solid substrate instead of extracting it from the cell culture supernatant of a liquid culture. Robinson et al. also examined the solubility of xylindeine in u. a. Acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or ethanol.
- Weber et al. (2014) described the extraction of xylindein using dichloromethane from a Chlorociboria aeruginosa culture from malt agar plates consisting of 2% malt and 1.5% agar.
- Stange et al. (2018, Part 2) used this concept and colored solid wood by cultivating fungi in liquid media such as orange juice.
- the aim of the work was to find suitable types of wood as a substrate for this mushroom cultivation.
- US2017 / 0081540A1 used acetone, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile to extract the fungal pigment from discolored substrates.
- the extract was mixed with an oil which, after evaporation of the solvent, acted as a liquid carrier for the fungal pigment.
- a suspension of the pigment in oil could thus be produced. This pigment suspension is to be used as a paint.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method that allows shorter process times.
- the cultivation time should be short.
- the productivity of the mushroom culture is said to be high.
- Overall, just as much or more xylindeine should be obtained in a shorter time than in known methods from the prior art.
- the process should be easy to carry out and ecological.
- the invention relates to a process for the biotechnological production of the blue-green mushroom pigment xylindein in a bioreactor, comprising the steps:
- a Contacting the reactor contents with biomass from the fungal culture Chlorociboria sp. and stirring the reactor contents to form xylindein-containing biomass
- b Separation of the xylindein-containing biomass, which is in step a. has formed
- c Extraction of the xylindeine from the step b. separated biomass with a solvent, characterized in that the biomass with which in step a. is contacted, undyed biomass.
- Steps a, b and c take place one after the other in this order.
- the “contacting the reactor contents with biomass of the fungal culture ...” according to the invention is understood as inoculating / seeding / seeding / inoculating, ie. H. a relatively small amount of fungal culture is added to the relatively large reactor contents to multiply.
- Chlorociboria sp. Ie mushrooms of the genus Chlorociboria
- the reactor contents are contacted with isolated biomass from the fungal culture, for example in the form of a cleaned fungal mycelium, and that the biomass is used adherently on a substrate, such as wood or agar infested with fungal culture.
- Reactor content in the sense of the invention means the content of the bioreactor according to the invention, in particular the mostly liquid content from, for example, nutrient medium, additives, etc.
- Biomass in the sense of the invention is the mass of the mushroom culture.
- the so-called mushroom mycelium is included.
- the term "undyed biomass” in the sense of the invention stands for biomass of the fungal culture, the metabolism of which has been established in such a way that no or very little blue-green mushroom pigment xylindein is produced.
- the biomass is therefore undyed. In particular, it apparently has no or no visible blue-green coloring. They can also be called light biomass.
- An advantage of the invention is that the method allows a surprisingly short cultivation period, which leads to significantly shorter process times, and thus more Xylindein can be obtained per time than with conventional methods.
- Process time in the sense of the invention is the time to produce a certain amount of xylindein with the method according to the invention, i. H. Time per mass Xylindein.
- the cultivation time ie the time for contacting and stirring in step a.
- the cultivation time or the process time of the overall process is shortened, i. H. with any pre-cultivation steps previously carried out.
- productivity in the method according to the invention is higher than in conventional methods.
- Productivity is the mass of the xylindein obtained (ie produced) from the mushroom culture per volume Reactor content per time. It is assumed that the losses in step b. and c. of the method according to the invention are negligibly small and the amount of xylindein obtained is therefore always proportional to the amount of xylindein produced by the mushroom culture.
- Another advantage is that the process is wood-free; that is, no wood is required as a substrate for the fungal culture in the process.
- the starting point of the production of the mushroom pigment Xylindein can be predicted on the basis of the course of the pH of the reactor contents (FIG. 2).
- a continuous increase in the pH during the cultivation of the undyed biomass according to the invention there is a slowdown in the rise in pH and finally a brief decrease in the pH.
- an increased xylindeine production by the mushroom culture begins and a short time later the blue-green color of the mushroom culture becomes visible.
- the nitrogen content is limited, which is the reason for the start of such a secondary metabolism.
- An additional advantage of the method according to the invention is the storability and, associated therewith, also the transportability of the intermediate product, i. H. the one in step b. separated xylindein-containing biomass that can be dried. It is therefore advantageously possible to carry out the process steps at different locations and to transport this intermediate product, preferably in dried form.
- undyed biomass is one which, after drying at 60 ° C. in the lab color space, has an L value of> 67, preferably> 70. In particular, drying is carried out at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- undyed biomass is one which is lighter than RAL 130 90 20 after drying in the RAL color system mentioned above. It is preferably lighter than RAL 130 90 10, particularly preferably lighter than RAL 140 90 05.
- the invention also relates to the use of undyed biomass from the chlorociboria sp. for seeding in the biotechnological extraction of the blue-green mushroom pigment xylindein, in particular the use in the process according to the invention.
- the reactor content in one embodiment comprises a nutrient medium.
- the sewing medium preferably has a limit on the available nitrogen compared to the total carbon content.
- the ratio of nitrogen to carbon source in the nutrient medium is particularly preferably 1/400 (in the form of total nitrogen content to total carbon content, in each case in g).
- the fungal culture primarily forms xylindein, whereas under nitrogen-rich nutrient conditions, primarily undyed biomass is produced.
- step a (Contact %) the process parameters are checked and regulated.
- the separation of the xylindein-containing biomass in step b. a filtration.
- the filter material particularly preferably has a mesh size of at most 80 pm, in particular 80 pm.
- the filter material is a material that is well suited for large volumes, such as a filter bag made of polypropylene fabric.
- the biomass is dried and / or shredded. Drying takes place particularly preferably combined with subsequent comminution, for example by grinding. In particular, this drying takes place at a maximum of 70 ° C. and / or over a large area with a loading of a maximum of 350 g of moist biomass per dm 2 .
- the drying time at 70 ° C is preferably 24 hours.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that the shelf life of the intermediate, namely that in step b. separated xylindein-containing biomass, increased. It is also easier to transport.
- the fungal culture is Chlorociboria sp. selected from Chlorociboira aeruginascens and Chlorociboria aeruginosa. In a preferred embodiment, it is Chlorociboira aeruginascens, particularly preferably selected from the strains ATCC® 24028, ATCC® 24029, ATCC® 200365, ATCC® 200366 and IHIA39 (NCBI BioSample: SAMN06706673).
- the method is preceded by at least one pre-cultivation step, preferably in a nutrient medium as preferably selected elsewhere.
- a preculture is used and the mushroom biomass is increased.
- pre-cultivation / pre-culture and main cultivation / main culture.
- the pre-cultivation and the conversion of the fungal biomass from smaller to larger scales is a known method from the prior art and is usually multi-stage, as shown for example in FIG. 3. It is necessary to transfer the fungus to the next larger scale during the exponential growth phase.
- inoculation with fungal biomass which is undyed is preferably carried out both in the main culture and in each pre-cultivation step.
- the necessary cultivation time is advantageously shortened in each of these steps. This means that the biomass is kept at the stage in which it is still undyed and no or hardly any xylindein produced.
- the fungus always forms uncolored, light biomass when it is propagated.
- the precultivation takes place in a nitrogen-rich nutrient medium, such as a 50% by volume orange juice agar, in particular at 20-22 ° C.
- a nitrogen-rich nutrient medium such as a 50% by volume orange juice agar, in particular at 20-22 ° C.
- Inoculating, i.e. H. the contacting according to the invention with undyed mushroom biomass then preferably takes place in a nitrogen-poor medium, as described above.
- An advantage of the method according to the invention is that the color change from undyed biomass to colored, xylindein-containing biomass is based on the pH profile of the culture medium, ie. H. of the reactor contents can be recognized. After a continuous increase in the pH during the cultivation of the mushroom culture, there is a slowdown in the increase in pH and finally a brief decrease in the pH. At this change between rising and falling, Xylindein production by the mushroom culture begins and a short time later the blue-green color of the mushroom culture becomes visible. In particular during the pre-cultivation steps of the last-mentioned embodiment, the time of the color change can thus advantageously be predicted. This is helpful to keep the mushroom culture at the stage where little or no xylindein is produced.
- the precultivation first takes place on poured, nutrient-rich agar plates which are inoculated (inoculated) with the mushroom culture according to the invention and incubated at 20-22 ° C.
- the solvent in step c a non-halogenated solvent. It is preferably selected from acetone, 2-butanone or a mixture thereof.
- the reactor contents contain a nutrient medium which is suitable for keeping the fungal culture of the invention alive, i.e. the method according to the invention is a method in liquid culture.
- the fungal culture will adapt its metabolism and the metabolic products will u. U. changed.
- the method according to the invention advantageously also works with nutrient media which contain fruit juices, even if these fruit juices are older than indicated by the best before date. It is important that the organic residues contain carbohydrates (preferably glucose, mannose, maltose or sucrose) and an organic nitrogen source (e.g. proteins, peptides, yeast extract).
- the reactor contents preferably comprise a nutrient medium (i.e. a culture solution) which contains up to 50% by volume of food residues. Also included is a nutrient medium which contains a 1-20% by volume orange juice solution, preferably a 3-15% by volume, in particular a 5-10% by volume, particularly preferably a 5% by volume.
- a 100% orange juice solution is understood to be orange juice with 100 vol% fruit content.
- the xylindein obtained in step c. is purified by the steps
- step d Drying in step d is preferred. only a removal of the majority of the solvent, which can be carried out, for example, in a rotary evaporator.
- the re-dissolution preferably takes place in a small amount of solvent.
- the precipitation by adding water in step e. expediently takes place with an excess of water, preferably in a volume ratio of 1:10 (1 part of water-soluble organic solvent from step d. and 10 parts of water from step e.) It is particularly preferred after the precipitation in step e. the Xylindein filtered off as a solid. In particular, this is followed by washing with water and drying at about 103 ° C. for preferably 24 hours.
- the step b. after separation of the biomass remaining liquid culture supernatant further Xylindein by known methods such as filtration with subsequent ultrafiltration, preferably only ultrafiltration, separated and concentrated.
- Ultrafiltration preferably with a pore size of ⁇ 10 kDa, concentrates, for example, dissolved xylindeine, suspended xylindein and mycelium particles containing xylindeine, which are further described in step c. of the method according to the invention can be used.
- step a. and b. of the process according to the invention preferably only in step a., worked sterile and the reactor contents kept sterile.
- the gassing with air is preferably also carried out sterile through a filter.
- oxygen limitation during step a. excluded the method of the invention.
- the stirring takes place in step a. at a maximum stirring speed of 0.52 m / s at the edge of the stirrer, d. H. Tip-Speed (stirrer tip speed) instead.
- the bioreactor has a volume of 70 L.
- the liquid reactor content preferably has a volume of 55 L.
- the bioreactor with its content, in particular nutrient medium is contacted in step a. heat sterilized by known methods.
- Table 1 shows the values of the color determination on the biomass using the Lab color space and the RGB color scale.
- Table 2 shows exemplary cultivation parameters for the preparation of a preculture from Chlorociboria sp. (in several pre-cultivation steps) and the main culture in the biotechnological extraction of the blue-green mushroom pigment Xylindein.
- Table 3 shows the results of an embodiment (seeding with undyed biomass) and a comparative example from the literature (seeding with colored biomass). Both the shortening of the cultivation period and the higher productivity in the exemplary embodiment are clearly recognizable.
- Table 4 shows the comparison of the exemplary embodiment with a comparative example from the laboratory.
- 1 shows the course of numerous parameters, including the pH value over the cultivation period using an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows the course of the pH during inoculation (a main culture) with colored or uncolored mushroom biomass using an exemplary embodiment.
- Fig. 3 shows an example of the sequence of the method according to the invention in an embodiment with pre-cultivation (first, second and third part from the left) and main culture (right part), inoculation (contacting) with undyed biomass in each stage.
- the preculture for the step a The process described for the production of blue-green mushroom biomass was carried out in several cultivation steps. At the beginning, cultivation on a Petri dish scale was carried out to maintain the strain (preservation of the mushroom culture strain). A 50 vol% orange juice agar was used for this, consisting of 50 vol% orange juice (100 vol% orange juice is understood to mean orange juice with 100 vol% fruit content) and at least 30 g / L agar agar (also called agar, Chinese / Japanese gelatin or Japanese fish glue). The nutrient medium was autoclaved at 121 ° C for 15 min.
- the poured agar plates were inoculated (inoculated) with an inoculum (plaque, 1 cm 2 ) of an older or acquired stock holding plate and incubated at 20-22 ° C. From this cultivation, two plaques were transferred to the shake flask scale and cultivated in an aqueous nutrient medium made from 5% by volume of orange juice. Subsequently, a total of 200 mL of precultivated mushroom biomass suspension (preculture solution) was transferred from the shake flask culture into a 3 L batch reactor (cultivation medium: 5% by volume orange juice solution) and further cultivated. The pH was monitored continuously and samples of the culture solution for color determination of the fungal biomass were taken regularly.
- the biomass contained was separated by filtration, washed with distilled water and dried (directly on the filter paper) at 60 ° C. for 24 hours in a drying oven.
- the color in the lab color space was determined using a spectrophotometer (Datacolor ELREPHO). The determined values represent mean values from 5 measured values.
- a conversion into, for example, RGB colors is possible with one of the available databases (for example http: //www.cielab-maschine.de/farbsteinbank.html).
- Execution example 1 - step a Production of blue-green mushroom biomass on a 70 L scale
- Productivity indicates the amount of xylindein produced per liter of reactor content per day. It is determined by weighing the xylindein obtained in the process and dividing by the volume of the culture medium and the number of days of contacting and stirring (step a.).
- the yield is defined as the mass of xylindein obtained divided by the volume of the reactor contents.
- Comparative example 1 b seeding with colored biomass
- Execution example 1 - step b preparation of the xylindein-containing wet biomass for
- the blue-green, xylindein-containing wet biomass was separated from the liquid culture supernatant by filtration.
- a filter bag made of polypropylene fabric with a mesh size of 80 pm was used for this.
- the liquid culture supernatant was also colored blue-green.
- Ultrafiltration (10 kDa membrane) was also used to extract xylindein diffused into the medium, as well as remaining, particularly small, biomass particles.
- the blue-green xylindein-containing wet biomass was dried at a maximum of 70 ° C for 24 h by surface drying on a sheet in an oven with a maximum load of 350 Q wet biomass / dm 2 dried.
- the dried blue-green biomass was processed into powder in an ultracentrifugal mill (particle size ⁇ 0.5 mm).
- the extract powder 2-butanone (MEK) was added to the powdered dry mushroom mass.
- the blue-green mushroom pigment xylindein dissolved in the extraction agent.
- the extract solution was separated from the extraction residue by filtration.
- the extractant was removed from the extract solution by rotary evaporation.
- the extract thus obtained was redissolved in 15 ml of solvent 2-butanone (MEK) and diluted 1:10 with distilled water in a volume ratio (1 part of MEK and 10 parts of distilled water).
- the mushroom pigment xylindein precipitated and was filtered off.
- the xylindein was then washed several times with distilled water and dried at 103 ° C. for 24 h.
- Fungi-derived pigments as sustainable organic (opto) electronic materials
- Pigments extracted from the wood-staining fungi Chlorociboria aeruginosa, Scytalidium cuboideum, and S. ganodermophthorum show potential for use as textile dyes
- Centrifugal partition chromatography A preparative tool for isolationand purification ofxylindein from Chlorociboria aeruginosa
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018127946.9A DE102018127946B4 (de) | 2018-11-08 | 2018-11-08 | Verfahren zur biotechnologischen Gewinnung des blaugrünen Pilzpigments Xylindein |
| PCT/EP2019/080062 WO2020094552A1 (de) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-11-04 | Verfahren zur biotechnologischen gewinnung des blaugrünen pilzpigments xylindein |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3877536A1 true EP3877536A1 (de) | 2021-09-15 |
Family
ID=68542598
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19802100.8A Withdrawn EP3877536A1 (de) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-11-04 | Verfahren zur biotechnologischen gewinnung des blaugrünen pilzpigments xylindein |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11851693B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3877536A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018127946B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020094552A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023118199A1 (de) | 2023-07-10 | 2025-01-16 | Dirk Holger Ahrens-Salzsieder | Verfahren zur biotechnologischen Gewinnung des blaugrünen Pilzpigments Xylindein aus Pilzfruchtkörpern |
| CN117820334B (zh) * | 2023-11-29 | 2025-09-19 | 潍坊市人民医院(潍坊市公共卫生临床中心) | 绿僵菌绿色色素a及其提取方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4518542B2 (ja) | 2004-03-29 | 2010-08-04 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 植物発芽抑制剤及びその使用方法 |
| US10479906B2 (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2019-11-19 | Oregon State University | Use of fungal pigments from wood-staining fungi as colorants in wood finishes and paints |
-
2018
- 2018-11-08 DE DE102018127946.9A patent/DE102018127946B4/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-04 WO PCT/EP2019/080062 patent/WO2020094552A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-11-04 US US17/276,820 patent/US11851693B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-04 EP EP19802100.8A patent/EP3877536A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210261994A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
| DE102018127946B4 (de) | 2024-08-01 |
| DE102018127946A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 |
| WO2020094552A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 |
| US11851693B2 (en) | 2023-12-26 |
| WO2020094552A8 (de) | 2020-07-02 |
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