EP3855461A1 - Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement des noyaux toroïdaux - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement des noyaux toroïdaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3855461A1
EP3855461A1 EP20152955.9A EP20152955A EP3855461A1 EP 3855461 A1 EP3855461 A1 EP 3855461A1 EP 20152955 A EP20152955 A EP 20152955A EP 3855461 A1 EP3855461 A1 EP 3855461A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
wire
toroidal core
protective cover
toroidal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20152955.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3855461C0 (fr
EP3855461B1 (fr
Inventor
Alois Hofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ruff GmbH
Original Assignee
Ruff GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ruff GmbH filed Critical Ruff GmbH
Priority to EP20152955.9A priority Critical patent/EP3855461B1/fr
Priority to BR112022014279A priority patent/BR112022014279A2/pt
Priority to CN202180010790.XA priority patent/CN115023778A/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2021/051216 priority patent/WO2021148476A1/fr
Priority to US17/794,560 priority patent/US20230108674A1/en
Publication of EP3855461A1 publication Critical patent/EP3855461A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3855461C0 publication Critical patent/EP3855461C0/fr
Publication of EP3855461B1 publication Critical patent/EP3855461B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/06—Coil winding
    • H01F41/08—Winding conductors onto closed formers or cores, e.g. threading conductors through toroidal cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/06—Coil winding
    • H01F41/082—Devices for guiding or positioning the winding material on the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/06—Coil winding
    • H01F41/094—Tensioning or braking devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for winding toroidal cores arranged in a toroidal core plane with a wire arranged in a winding plane.
  • a toroidal coil winding device with a toroidal core holder and an annular magazine guided through the toroidal core opening with elements used for guiding and storing wires is, for example, from FIG DE 101 53 896 A1 famous.
  • a disadvantage of this known device is that the wire to be wound onto the toroidal core during operation exerts a high load on the toroidal core when a wire turn is generated, since the wire is wound directly onto the toroidal core. In particular with toroidal cores with low material strength and when wrapping with a thick wire, this can lead to material failure of the toroidal core.
  • Another toroidal core winding device with a toroidal core holder and a magazine-free wire guide is for example from the EP 2 953 149 B1 famous.
  • a disadvantage of this known device is that the wire to be wound onto the toroidal core during operation exerts a high load on the toroidal core when a wire turn is generated, since the wire is wound directly onto the toroidal core. In particular with toroidal cores with low material strength and when wrapping with a thick wire, this can lead to material failure of the toroidal core.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a device for winding toroidal cores and a corresponding winding method which enable the automated winding of toroidal cores with, in particular, comparatively low material strength.
  • the device should have a simple and robust structure and should be inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the invention provides a device for winding toroidal cores arranged in a toroidal core plane with a wire arranged in a winding plane, the apparatus comprising a protective cover, which is arranged essentially in the toroidal core plane and perpendicular to the winding plane and is mounted horizontally translationally movable in the toroidal core plane and is set up to be guided over the toroidal core in areas during operation and thereby protect the toroidal core and to create an inner shape of at least one wire turn on which the wire is wound.
  • the device further comprises a slide which is arranged essentially in the toroidal core plane and parallel to the protective cover and is mounted slidably around the protective cover and surrounds the protective cover in some areas and is designed to move the at least one wire winding wound onto the protective cover during operation by a translational movement from the protective cover onto the toroidal core.
  • a method for winding toroidal cores arranged in a toroidal core plane with a wire arranged in a winding plane comprises winding the wire onto a protective cover and furthermore the following steps: advancing a slide and pushing the at least one wire turn from the protective cover onto the toroidal core; and pushing back the slide.
  • the method also includes the above-mentioned preceding step of positioning and braking the wire to be wound by means of guide plates.
  • a wire turn is generated on the protective cover that protects the toroidal core during operation, in that the protective cover generates an inner shape of at least one wire turn on which the wire is wound. Furthermore, the at least one wire turn wound on the protective cover is deposited during operation according to the invention by a translational movement of the slide against the wire turn from the protective cover onto the toroidal core. As a result, the load during the generation of the wire winding is absorbed by the protective cover. Since the toroidal core thus experiences essentially no load during the generation of the wire winding, toroidal cores with, in particular, a comparatively low material strength can also be wound or wires with a comparatively larger wire diameter can also be wound.
  • the device according to the invention has a simple structure, since further precautions that enable the winding of toroidal cores with low material strength can be dispensed with. Due to the relatively simple structure, the device is also robust and inexpensive to manufacture. The method according to the invention thus allows automated winding of toroidal cores with, in particular, comparatively low material strength, which cannot be wound with conventional toroidal core (coil) winding devices.
  • the invention In comparison to conventional toroidal core winding devices with a magazine, the invention has a simple structure, since further precautions that enable toroidal cores with low material strength to be wound can be dispensed with. Due to the relatively simple structure, the device is also robust and inexpensive to manufacture. The method according to the invention thus allows automated winding of toroidal cores with, in particular, comparatively low material strength, which cannot be wound with conventional toroidal core winding devices.
  • the protective cover comprises a receiving area in an area essentially opposite the end face of the toroidal core, which is designed to receive an area of the toroidal core that is already wound with the wire.
  • the receiving area is formed by the geometry of the protective cover between the end face of the toroidal core and the protective cover in order to prevent a collision with the partially wound toroidal core during operation.
  • the slide comprises a receiving area in an area essentially opposite the end face of the toroidal core, which is designed to receive an area of the toroidal core already wound with the wire.
  • the receiving area is formed by the geometry of the slide between the end face of the toroidal core and the slide in order to prevent a collision with the partially wound toroidal core during operation. This enables the toroidal core to be wound automatically. As a result, the process time for winding the toroidal core can be reduced and the quality of the wound toroidal core can be increased.
  • the device comprises a first guide plate and a second guide plate, which are arranged essentially parallel to the winding plane and are designed to guide and brake the wire in a predetermined position in the winding plane before being wound onto the protective cover.
  • the wire should preferably be guided in the winding plane.
  • the wire is guided on the protective cover between the first guide plate and the second guide plate in the winding plane.
  • the wire located in between is braked by friction. This reduces the load on the protective cover when the wire is wrapped and prevents the wire from tearing off. In addition, this increases the quality of the wire winding produced.
  • the first guide plate is mounted in a stationary manner and the second guide plate is mounted such that it can move horizontally in the toroidal core plane.
  • the wire strikes the first guide plate and the second guide plate and moves the second guide plate away from the first guide plate.
  • the wire is guided between the first guide plate and the second guide plate into a position in the winding plane that is advantageous for producing a wire turn. This enables the device to be used for wires with different wire thicknesses and an increase in the quality of the wire winding produced.
  • the first guide plate and the second guide plate have an incline in an upper region which continuously increases the distance between the first guide plate and the second guide plate and forms a funnel-shaped wire guide region.
  • the wire hits the first guide plate and the second guide plate, the wire is passed through the funnel-shaped wire guide area between the first guide plate and the second guide plate is guided into the winding plane.
  • the wire is also guided from a position outside the winding plane into a position between the first guide plate and the second guide plate in the winding plane that is advantageous for generating a wire turn, and the process reliability is thereby increased.
  • the second (or also the first or both) guide plate (s) preferably has a surface with braking properties which is designed to brake the wire before it is wound onto the protective cover when the wire is guided between the guide plates.
  • the braking property can be achieved, for example, in that the second guide plate has a surface made of a material (e.g. felt) with a coefficient of friction which is higher than the coefficient of friction of the first guide plate.
  • the surface of one or both guide plates is correspondingly coated or processed in such a way that the desired coefficient of friction is achieved.
  • the first guide plate and the second guide plate comprise receiving areas which are designed to receive the toroidal core, the protective cover and the slide.
  • the receiving areas of the first guide plate and the second guide plate allow a compact and robust design of the device.
  • the device comprises at least two drive rollers with recesses each arranged on the end face of the drive rollers, which are arranged essentially parallel and adjacent to the toroidal core and are designed to place the wire windings on the toroidal core take up and drive the toroidal core in rotation. Due to the parallel and adjacent arrangement of the drive rollers, the toroidal core is stored in a stationary manner during operation. At least one of the drive rollers is driven in rotation and, during operation, transmits the rotary movement to the toroidal core. The cutouts in the drive rollers take wire turns already wound on the toroid during operation in order to avoid a collision and also to ensure the transmission of the rotary movement when the toroid has already been partially wound.
  • the protective cover and the slider are designed in a mirrored manner on the winding plane. This design allows toroidal cores to be wound in both directions of rotation and can thus shorten the winding cycle time.
  • the device 1000 for winding toroidal cores 2000 preferably has a protective cover 1100 which surrounds and protects the toroidal core 2000 in areas during operation.
  • the protective cover 1100 is arranged essentially in the toroidal core plane 4100 and perpendicular to the winding plane 4200.
  • the protective cover 1100 is mounted in the toroidal core plane 4100 such that it can move horizontally in translation and can be guided over the toroidal core 2000 in areas.
  • the area of the protective cover 1100 which is guided over the toroidal core 2000 during operation has a U-shaped inner shape corresponding to the outer shape of the toroidal core 2000.
  • the outer shape of the protective cover 1100 corresponds to the inner shape of at least one wire turn 3100.
  • the protective cover 1100 surrounds the toroidal core 2000 in areas during operation in order to protect the toroidal core 2000 while the wire 3000 is being wound. During the winding, the wire 3000 is wound on the protective cover 1100.
  • the protective cover 1100 is preferably made of a material with a material strength that is higher than the material strength of the toroidal core 2000.
  • the device 1000 for winding toroidal cores 2000 further comprises a slide 1200 which, during operation, pushes the at least one wire winding 3100 wound onto the protective cover 1100 from the protective cover 1100 onto the toroidal core 2000.
  • the slide 1200 is arranged essentially in the toroidal core plane 4100 and parallel to the protective cover 1100 and is mounted so as to be slidable around the protective cover 1100.
  • the inner shape of the slide 1200 which is arranged over the protective cover 1100 during operation, corresponds to the outer shape of the protective cover 1100.
  • the slide 1200 is in an initial position during the winding of the protective cover 1100, as in FIG Figure 4a is shown.
  • the slider 1200 moves in the direction of the wire turn 3100 and pushes the wire turn 3100 from the protective cover 1100 onto the toroidal core 2000, as in FIG Fig. 4b shown. After the slider 1200 has pushed the at least one wire turn 3100 from the protective cover 1100 onto the toroidal core 2000, the slider 1200 moves back into the starting position, which enables the wire 3000 to be further wrapped around the protective cover 1100.
  • the protective cover 1100 and the slide 1200 include receiving areas 1110, 1210 which are arranged in an area essentially opposite the end face of the toroidal core 2000, as in FIG Fig. 2 shown.
  • the receiving areas 1110, 1210 are set up to receive an area of the ring core 2000 that has already been wound with the wire 3000 during operation. This prevents the already wound area of the ring core 2000 from colliding with the protective cover 1100 or the slide 1200 during operation.
  • the illustrated first and second guide plates 1310, 1320 are arranged essentially parallel and adjacent to the winding plane 4200.
  • the first guide plate 1310 is mounted in a stationary manner and the second guide plate 1320 is mounted in the toroidal core plane 4100 so that it can move horizontally in a translatory manner.
  • the guide plates 1310, 1320 guide the wire 3000 into a predetermined position in the winding plane 4200 and brake the wire 3000 before it is wound onto the protective cover 1100.
  • the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320 have inclines in an upper region 1330, which the Continuously increase the distance between the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320 and form a funnel-shaped wire opening area 1340.
  • the wire 3000 When the wire 3000 hits the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320, the wire 3000 is guided through the funnel-shaped wire opening area 1340 by moving the second guide plate 1320 between the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320. The wire 3000 is thus also guided from a position outside the winding plane 4200 into a position in the winding plane 4200 that is advantageous for generating at least one wire turn 3100. The wire 3000 is guided between the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320 into a position in the winding plane 4200 that is advantageous for producing the wire winding 3100.
  • the wire 3000 between the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320 is braked on the one hand by a restoring force which acts from the second guide plate 1320 in the direction of the first guide plate 1310.
  • the wire 3000 located in between is pressed by the second guide plate 1320 against the first guide plate 1310 and thereby braked when the wire 3000 is guided between the guide plates 1310, 1320.
  • the second guide plate 1320 according to an embodiment of the present invention has a surface 1322 with braking properties made of a material (e.g. provided with a brake lining such as felt or the like) with a coefficient of friction that is higher than the coefficient of friction of the first guide plate 1310, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
  • the wire 3000 is also braked by the increased friction between the wire 3000 and the second guide plate 1320 due to the surface 1322 with braking properties.
  • the first guide plate 1310 or both guide plates 1310, 1320 can also be mounted in a translationally movable manner.
  • the first guide plate 1310 or both guide plates 1310, 1320 can have a surface 1322 with braking properties.
  • the device 1000 comprises at least two drive rollers 1410, 1420 with recesses 1411, 1421 each arranged on the end face of the drive rollers 1410, 1420.
  • the drive rollers 1410, 1420 are arranged on their end face adjacent to the toroidal core 2000 and drive the toroidal core 2000 rotatory on during winding.
  • the recesses 1411, 1421 of the drive rollers 1410, 1420 are set up to receive the wire windings 3100 already wound on the toroidal core 2000 during operation. This ensures that the drive rollers 1410, 1420 do not collide with the wire windings 3100 wound on the toroidal core 2000 and that the rotational movement is also transmitted to the toroidal core 2000 when the toroidal core 2000 has already been partially wound.
  • the method 5000 for winding toroidal cores 2000 can be performed as follows with reference to FIG Figure 4a , 4b and 5 can be summarized as described.
  • the toroidal core 2000 is inserted into the device 1000 and rotated during winding.
  • the protective cover 1100 is guided over the toroidal core 2000 in some areas, whereby the toroidal core 2000 is mounted in a preferred position in the device 1000 in a fixed and rotationally movable manner by the drive rollers 1410, 1420 and the protective cover 1100.
  • a first turn of wire 3100 is wound on the protective cover 1100, as in FIG Figure 4a shown.
  • the slide 1200 moves in the direction of the wire turn 3100 and pushes it from the protective cover 1100 onto the toroidal core 2000.
  • the slide 1200 then moves back into its original position. These steps are repeated until a predetermined desired number of turns of wire 3100 is wound on the toroidal core 2000.
  • the method 5000 for winding toroidal cores 2000 can, in addition to the steps described above, also include a preceding step of positioning and braking the wire 3000 to be wound by means of guide plates 1310, 1320.
  • the wire 3000 hits the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320, the wire 3000 is guided through the funnel-shaped wire opening area 1340 between the first guide plate 1310 and the second guide plate 1320.
  • the guide plates 1310, 1320 guide the wire 3000 into a predetermined position in the winding plane 4200 and brake the wire 3000 before it is wound onto the protective cover 1100.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method 5000 for winding toroidal cores 2000 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • step 5100 the toroidal core 2000 is inserted into the device 1000 before the winding.
  • the protective cover 1100 is guided over the toroidal core 2000, as a result of which the toroidal core 2000 is mounted in a stationary and rotationally movable manner by the drive rollers 1410, 1420 and the protective cover 1100.
  • the wire 3000 to be wound is positioned and braked in the winding plane 4200 by the guide plates 1310, 1320.
  • step 5300 at least one wire turn 3100 is wound onto the protective cover 1100.
  • the slide 1200 is wound in the direction of the protective cover 1100 Move wire winding 3100 and thereby slide 1200 pushes the at least one wire winding 3100 from protective cover 1100 onto toroidal core 2000.
  • slide 1200 then moves back into its original position. If the toroidal core 2000 has a predetermined desired number of wire windings 3100 after step 5500, then, in accordance with a further step 5600, the protective cover 1100 is returned from the toroidal core 2000 and the wound toroidal core 2000 is removed. If the toroidal core 2000 does not yet have the predetermined desired number of wire windings 3100 after step 5500, steps 5200, 5300, 5400, 5500 are repeated until the toroidal core 2000 has the predetermined desired number of wire windings 3100.
  • toroidal core also includes tube cores or cores with a special opening geometry and relates in particular to those toroidal cores with low material strength or cores with angled opening geometry as well as tube cores which, due to their low material strength, cannot be wound with conventional toroidal core winding devices because the winding with a wire would lead to material failure of the toroidal core.
  • the embodiments described here are also suitable for winding other toroidal cores or cores with other openings and also those with high material strength and allow simple and convenient winding.
  • wire also includes all other materials with which toroidal cores or similar objects can be wound in accordance with the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
EP20152955.9A 2020-01-21 2020-01-21 Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de noyaux toroïdaux Active EP3855461B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20152955.9A EP3855461B1 (fr) 2020-01-21 2020-01-21 Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de noyaux toroïdaux
BR112022014279A BR112022014279A2 (pt) 2020-01-21 2021-01-20 Dispositivo e método para enrolar núcleos toroidais
CN202180010790.XA CN115023778A (zh) 2020-01-21 2021-01-20 用于卷绕环形芯的装置和方法
PCT/EP2021/051216 WO2021148476A1 (fr) 2020-01-21 2021-01-20 Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de noyaux toroïdaux
US17/794,560 US20230108674A1 (en) 2020-01-21 2021-01-20 Device and Method for Winding Toroidal Cores

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20152955.9A EP3855461B1 (fr) 2020-01-21 2020-01-21 Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de noyaux toroïdaux

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3855461A1 true EP3855461A1 (fr) 2021-07-28
EP3855461C0 EP3855461C0 (fr) 2024-01-03
EP3855461B1 EP3855461B1 (fr) 2024-01-03

Family

ID=69187565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20152955.9A Active EP3855461B1 (fr) 2020-01-21 2020-01-21 Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de noyaux toroïdaux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230108674A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3855461B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115023778A (fr)
BR (1) BR112022014279A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021148476A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2446713A1 (de) * 1974-09-30 1976-04-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum bewickeln von wicklungstraegern, insbesondere spulenkoerpern und spulenkernen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE10153896A1 (de) 2001-11-02 2003-05-28 Herbert Ruff Gmbh & Co Kg Direktwickelvorrichtung und -verfahren
EP3026685A2 (fr) * 2014-11-25 2016-06-01 SHT Corporation Limited Appareil de fixation de bobine à noyau d'air
EP2953149B1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2017-04-19 RUFF GmbH Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de tores sans magasin

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07297069A (ja) * 1994-04-20 1995-11-10 Sony Corp 巻線方法及び巻線装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2446713A1 (de) * 1974-09-30 1976-04-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum bewickeln von wicklungstraegern, insbesondere spulenkoerpern und spulenkernen und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE10153896A1 (de) 2001-11-02 2003-05-28 Herbert Ruff Gmbh & Co Kg Direktwickelvorrichtung und -verfahren
EP2953149B1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2017-04-19 RUFF GmbH Dispositif et procédé d'enroulement de tores sans magasin
EP3026685A2 (fr) * 2014-11-25 2016-06-01 SHT Corporation Limited Appareil de fixation de bobine à noyau d'air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3855461C0 (fr) 2024-01-03
WO2021148476A1 (fr) 2021-07-29
EP3855461B1 (fr) 2024-01-03
US20230108674A1 (en) 2023-04-06
CN115023778A (zh) 2022-09-06
BR112022014279A2 (pt) 2022-12-13

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