EP3710631B1 - Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat - Google Patents

Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3710631B1
EP3710631B1 EP19801210.6A EP19801210A EP3710631B1 EP 3710631 B1 EP3710631 B1 EP 3710631B1 EP 19801210 A EP19801210 A EP 19801210A EP 3710631 B1 EP3710631 B1 EP 3710631B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
tobacco
decorative
wax
decorative layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19801210.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3710631C0 (de
EP3710631A1 (de
Inventor
Nina RÖSSLER
Andreas Rössler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuvi Releaf GmbH
Original Assignee
Nuvi Releaf GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuvi Releaf GmbH filed Critical Nuvi Releaf GmbH
Priority to EP23197827.1A priority Critical patent/EP4269686A3/de
Publication of EP3710631A1 publication Critical patent/EP3710631A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3710631B1 publication Critical patent/EP3710631B1/de
Publication of EP3710631C0 publication Critical patent/EP3710631C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0061—Organic fillers or organic fibrous fillers, e.g. ground leather waste, wood bark, cork powder, vegetable flour; Other organic compounding ingredients; Post-treatment with organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0006—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0086—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
    • D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
    • D06Q1/10—Decorating textiles by treatment with, or fixation of, a particulate material, e.g. mica, glass beads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/10—Clothing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
    • D06N2211/28—Artificial leather

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a layered composite for use as an imitation leather, a method for producing the layered composite, and uses of the layered composite.
  • the leather industry is one of the sectors with a high potential for environmental pollution.
  • the chemicals used in tanning particularly antibiotics, tannins, biocides and volatile organic chemicals such as formaldehyde, can cause lasting damage to the environment if used improperly.
  • using the chemicals appropriately requires a lot of time and money.
  • some of the substances used can remain in the material and only come out during later use. This poses health risks for the end customer.
  • artificial leather This is usually a composite of a textile base support and a plastic layer applied to it, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane (PU).
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PU polyurethane
  • the DE 1 635 546 A describes a synthetic leather produced using papermaking techniques, wherein the synthetic leather consists essentially of non-fibrous elastomeric polyurethane with minor additions of staple fibers, preferably synthetic fibers or leather fibers.
  • the DE 199 37 808 A1 relates to a leather replacement material that has a substantially fabric-like backing layer, a thinner barrier layer applied thereto and a cover layer provided on the barrier layer.
  • the GB 2 010 750 A relates to a decorative article having at least one layer of sheet material and one layer of fibrous reinforcing material. The two layers are arranged between translucent layers of a cured synthetic resin matrix.
  • the subsequently published one GB 2 569 097 A relates to a layered composite that has a polymeric cover layer, a textile carrier layer and a decorative layer made of dried leaves of the teak tree.
  • the DE 10 2015 101 331 A1 relates to a translucent artificial leather with a textile support structure and with at least one layer of PU or PVC.
  • the layered composite can also have a surface coating.
  • WO 2007/091770 A1 discloses a multilayer product comprising a backing layer based on cotton fibers, a top layer based on, for example, EVA or an acrylic resin, and therebetween a layer of natural material such as leaves or a powder thereof.
  • the document CN 203 198 318 U discloses an artificial leather comprising a backing layer, an adhesive layer, a decorative layer and a cover layer.
  • the decorative layer can include petals and/or stalks.
  • the artificial leather obtained through this process has several advantages over animal leather.
  • PVC artificial leather is inexpensive and robust, whereas PU artificial leather has advantageous material properties such as repeated washability. Since artificial leather is produced as a continuous material, cutting it is much easier than with animal leather. The manufacturing process is also significantly shorter because the complex tanning process is no longer necessary. In addition, artificial leather manufacturers are not tied to the market availability of specific animal skins.
  • artificial leather materials are essentially based on synthetic plastics, which are made from finite fossil resources such as petroleum and are not biodegradable.
  • such artificial leather materials usually still contain solvent or dispersant residues and plasticizers and are therefore not completely harmless to health.
  • artificial leather often cannot achieve the same visual and tactile properties as animal leather.
  • the object of the invention was to provide an artificial leather that has comparable or better optical and haptic properties than synthetic leather, can be produced in a more environmentally friendly or sustainable manner than natural and/or synthetic leather and that is at least partially biodegradable.
  • plant leaf material is understood to mean whole or chopped untreated or treated leaves, in particular leaf dust.
  • Treated leaves are understood to mean those plant leaves or chopped sections thereof that have been preserved by fermentation, chemical treatment, in particular with alcohols, or by drying.
  • the plant leaf material is fermented, i.e. it has been subjected to a fermentation process that has brought the dried leaves into a storable and consumable state.
  • the plant leaf material can be treated chemically, preferably with a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin.
  • a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin.
  • the ripening process lasts at least one week, preferably two weeks, more preferably one month and most preferably two months.
  • An improvement in the properties through the ripening process occurs in particular if the cover layer has or consists of a wax material.
  • the decorative layer with plant leaf material essentially takes on optical and tactile functions in the layered composite. Depending on the plant leaf material and the top layer applied to it, the decorative layer not only gives the layered composite a good grip and an attractive appearance but also a pleasant scent. This effect can be enhanced in particular by the fact that the individual layers of the composite are partially or completely needled and not glued and/or pressed. As a result, the layered composite has increased permeability.
  • the decorative layer is essentially free of wood fibers.
  • the plant leaf material can be band tobacco.
  • Tobacco offers several advantages over other plant leaf materials. As a starting material, this has very good availability all year round. Due to the declining demand for tobacco, there is usually excess production capacity, which can be purchased cheaply. Tobacco also has a high proportion of natural alkaloids, especially nicotine, which act as insecticides. In this way, mites and other pests can be kept away from the layered composite and a particularly long-lasting imitation leather can be obtained. In addition, tobacco leaves, especially after treatment with a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, have a particularly high level of flexibility and tear resistance. In addition to the optical properties, the natural scent also speaks in favor of using tobacco as a decorative layer in imitation leather. These beneficial properties are particularly pronounced in fermented tobacco.
  • tobacco also has moisture-regulating properties and therefore requires the layered composite to be very comfortable to wear when used as an imitation leather. This effect is particularly pronounced if the layered composite is partially or completely needled, as this results in a high permeability of the material.
  • the plant leaf material is colored with a synthetic or preferably natural coloring agent.
  • a synthetic or preferably natural coloring agent is partially or completely food-safe and/or consists of substances that can be recycled into biological cycles as biological nutrients or kept continuously in technical cycles as technical nutrients (cradle-tocradle certification).
  • the carrier layer determines the structural strength of the composite and ensures good processability, particularly when the layered composite is sewn.
  • the textile carrier layer has or consists of a material that is selected from the group consisting of fleece, woven fabric, knitted fabrics, braids or mixtures of the aforementioned.
  • Non-woven, woven, knitted, braided or mixtures of the above are textile materials that are made up of fibers, but differ from one another in the arrangement of the fibers.
  • fleece is understood to mean a structure made of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments) or cut yarns of any kind and of any origin, which have been assembled into a fiber layer in some way and connected to one another in some way. This excludes the crossing or intertwining of yarns, as occurs during weaving, knitting, knitting, lace production, braiding and the production of tufted products.
  • This definition corresponds to the standard DIN EN ISO 9092.
  • the term nonwoven also includes felt materials. However, nonwovens do not include foils and papers.
  • the nonwovens are preferably anisotropic nonwovens, i.e. those with fiber orientation. This can create an anisotropic mechanical behavior of the layered composite, which increases its tear resistance.
  • fabric is understood to mean a textile fabric which consists of two thread systems, warp (warp threads) and weft (weft threads), which, when viewed on the fabric surface, intersect in a pattern at an angle of exactly or approximately 90°.
  • warp threads warp threads
  • weft threads weft threads
  • Each of the two systems can be made up of several types of warp or weft (e.g. basic, pile and filling warp; basic, binding and filling weft).
  • the warp threads run in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, parallel to the edge of the fabric, and the weft threads run in the transverse direction, parallel to the edge of the fabric.
  • the threads are connected to the fabric primarily through friction.
  • woven and non-woven also include those textile materials that have been tufted. Tufting is a process in which yarns are anchored into a fabric or fleece using a machine powered by compressed air and/or electricity.
  • knitted goods are understood to mean textile materials that are produced from thread systems by forming stitches. This includes both crocheted and knitted fabrics.
  • braiding is understood to mean the regular intertwining of several strands of flexible material. The difference from weaving is that in braiding the threads are not fed at right angles to the main direction of the product.
  • the fibers of the nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids or mixtures thereof can be natural fibers, chemical fibers or mixtures of the aforementioned.
  • the fibers are preferably of plant or animal origin or chemical fibers made from natural polymers or polymers based on natural raw materials. This allows the proportion of natural components of the layered composite and thus its sustainability and biodegradability to be improved accordingly.
  • the natural fibers are preferably selected from the group consisting of seed fibers, bast fibers, leaf fibers and animal fibers. These are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of cotton, animal wool, animal hair, silk, kapok, akon, poplar fluff, bamboo fiber, fiber nettle, hemp, hemp nettle, jute, urena, linen, ramie, kenaf, roselle, sunns, abutilon, pung , castor, sisal, abaca, curaua, fibe, ixtle fiber, arenga, afrik, hequen, fique, phormium, alfa, maguey, yucca, pita, coconut, broom, hops, cattail reed and raffia.
  • the chemical fibers are preferably selected from natural polymers or polymers based on natural raw materials. These are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of viscose, modal, lyocell, Curpo, cellulose acetates, protein fibers such as casein fibers, polylactides, alginates, chitin, bio-based polyamides, polyesters and polyisoprenes.
  • the chemical fibers are made from synthetic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyesters such as PET or PBT, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, aramid, poly(metha)acrylates, modyacryl, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, polypropylene, polychloride, PVC , Elastane, Polystyrene, Polycarbonate, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Vinylal, Polyphenylsulfide, Melamine, Polyurea, Polyurethane, Polybenzimidazole, Polybenzoxal.
  • polyesters such as PET or PBT
  • polyamide polyimide
  • polyamideimide polyamideimide
  • aramid poly(metha)acrylates
  • modyacryl polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl Alcohol
  • Polyphenylsulfide Polyphenylsulfide
  • Melamine Polyurea
  • Polyurethane Polybenzimidazole
  • the thickness of the textile carrier layer is 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, most preferably 0.2 to 1 mm.
  • the basis weight (grammage) of the carrier layer is 50 to 200 g/m 2 , more preferably 65 to 130 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 80-120 g/m 2 , most preferably 90-110 m 2 . Thanks to a low basis weight, particularly light layered composites can be produced.
  • the plant leaf material of the decorative layer is finely ground tobacco and/or tobacco dust and/or tobacco trimmings, the plant leaf material preferably being bound by a polysaccharide in the decorative layer.
  • the polysaccharide is added before the decorative layer is formed dissolved or suspended in a solvent or dispersant which has or consists of a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin.
  • plant leaves and/or sections and/or panicles are the plant leaf material of the decorative layer.
  • a decorative layer gives the layer composite a particularly natural and elegant look and can therefore also be referred to as a finishing layer. Similar to animal crocodile or snake leather, such a decorative layer creates a unique, always differently structured and lively look of the layered composite. In order to achieve particularly good optical and haptic properties of the composite, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the sheets are laid overlapping. This creates a decorative layer with sections of different thicknesses. These “irregularities” of the layered composite give the user the impression of a particularly natural imitation leather.
  • the plant leaf material of the decorative layer is ribbon tobacco.
  • ribbon tobacco refers to a film in which pressed tobacco waste, tobacco dust, ground tobacco leaves and / or stems are mixed with a binder, usually cellulose and polysaccharide derivatives, or applied to carrier materials made of fibrous cellulose coated with setting agents and formed into a flat endless tape of almost uniform thickness and quality were processed.
  • a binder usually cellulose and polysaccharide derivatives
  • carrier materials made of fibrous cellulose coated with setting agents and formed into a flat endless tape of almost uniform thickness and quality were processed.
  • the treatment of the ribbon tobacco with a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, in particular glycerin has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • Ribbon tobacco has the advantage of particularly good availability at low purchasing prices.
  • strip tobacco can create a particularly homogeneous decorative layer. This can be advantageous in some applications of the layered composite, for example if a particularly uniform color is desired.
  • the thickness of the decorative layer is 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, most preferably 0.2 to 1 mm.
  • the basis weight (grammage) of the decorative layer is 40 to 150 g/m 2 , more preferably 65 to 120 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 70 to 100 g/m 2 , most preferably 80 to 100 m 2 . Thanks to a low basis weight, particularly light layered composites can be produced.
  • the cover layer of the layered composite has or consists of a plastic, wax or protein material or a mixture of the aforementioned. It essentially serves to... To protect the decorative layer arranged underneath from external influences such as moisture, abrasion and / or radiation.
  • plastic materials are preferred. According to the invention, this refers to all substances that consist of macromolecules of natural or synthetic origin.
  • the plastic has or consists of a material that is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyamide (PA), polyester, in particular polybutylene terephthalate (PBT ) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene oxides, polyphenylene oxides, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) polyurea, polyacetal, polyacrylate, poly(meth)acrylates, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvinyl acetal, polystyrene (PS), acrylic butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylic ester (ASA), polysaccharides, especially pectin and agar-agar, polycarbonates, polyether sulfones, polysulfonates, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurea, formaldehyde resins, mel
  • the plastic is preferably used in the form of a film. According to the invention, this is understood to mean a flat plastic material produced in sheets with a layer thickness ⁇ 5 mm, preferably ⁇ 1 mm.
  • a decorative layer made of protein material or wax is preferred.
  • wax is understood to mean natural or artificially obtained substances that can be kneaded at 20 ° C, are solid to brittle-hard, have a coarse to finely crystalline structure, are translucent to opaque in color, but are not glass-like, melt above 40 ° C without decomposition, little Above the melting point they are slightly liquid, ie not very viscous, have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility and can be polished under light pressure. This corresponds to the Definition according to Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 10th edition, 1999 Georg Thieme Verlag .
  • the wax material is selected from the group of natural waxes, particularly preferred from the group of vegetable waxes, in particular candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japanese wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax.
  • the natural wax is selected from the group consisting of animal waxes and mineral waxes, in particular from the group consisting of beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax), rump fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax).
  • Natural waxes offer the advantage that they are not petroleum-based and therefore contribute to the sustainability and biodegradability of the layered composite.
  • the wax is selected from the group consisting of chemically modified waxes or synthetic waxes, in particular from the group selected from montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, paraffins, hydrogenated jojoba waxes, polyalkylene waxes, polyethylene glycol waxes.
  • the cover layer of the layer composite has or consists of a protein material.
  • proteins are preferably proteins of plant origin. Proteins contained in lupins, soy, peas, linseed, wheat, corn and/or rapeseed are particularly preferred.
  • the proteins are of animal origin, with gelatin, casein, whey proteins and/or their derivatives being particularly preferred.
  • the advantage of a protein top layer is that the costs for producing the protein layer are very low and it is harmless to health.
  • the layer can also be processed without organic solvents, i.e. water-based.
  • the protein cover layer consists of renewable raw materials that are biodegradable and self-adhesive or adhesive.
  • the thickness of the cover layer is 5 ⁇ m - 1 mm, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m to 0.1 mm, most preferably 50 ⁇ m to 0.1 mm.
  • the top layer can also contain additives such as dyes, UV filters, binders or fillers. By adding additives and fillers, the properties of the top layer can be changed, in particular color, strength and manufacturing price.
  • the additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, chemical and physical UV filters such as titanium dioxide, calcium and barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, silicates such as talc, clay or mica, kaolin or wolastonite, glass fibers, dyes, silica, glass fibers and glass beads as well as cellulose powder, carbon black and graphite.
  • chemical and physical UV filters such as titanium dioxide, calcium and barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, silicates such as talc, clay or mica, kaolin or wolastonite, glass fibers, dyes, silica, glass fibers and glass beads as well as cellulose powder, carbon black and graphite.
  • the layer composite consists of a carrier layer made of flax fleece or a fabric, a decorative layer made of the plant material tobacco and a cover layer made of a plastic, wax or protein material, preferably polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyamide or a mixture of the aforementioned plastics.
  • the layered composite can have additional layers. These are preferably selected from the group consisting of carrier, decorative, adhesive and cover layers.
  • the layer composite particularly preferably has one or more additional decorative layers which are arranged between the carrier and cover layer.
  • the additional layers are arranged on both sides of the carrier layer.
  • Particularly preferred in this context is the symmetrical arrangement of the layers in relation to the carrier layer, for example a layer sequence: 1. cover layer, 1. decorative layer, carrier layer, 2. decorative layer, 2. cover layer.
  • the layer composite only has adhesive layers as further layers. In another preferred embodiment, the layer composite has no further layers apart from carrier, decorative and cover layers.
  • the individual thicknesses of these additional layers are 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 8 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 5 mm, most preferably 2 to 4 mm.
  • the basis weight (grammage) of the additional layers is 50 to 200 g/m 2 , more preferably 65 to 130 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 80 to 120 g/m 2 , most preferably 90 to 110 m 2 . Thanks to a low basis weight, particularly light layered composites can be produced.
  • the layer composite can have one or more adhesive layers.
  • the adhesive of the adhesive layers can be chemically hardening and/or physically setting.
  • the adhesive of the adhesive layers is preferably selected from the group consisting of cyanoacrylates, methyl methacrylates, unsaturated polyesters, dispersion adhesives, wet adhesives containing solvents or dispersants, protein-based adhesives, hot melt adhesives, plastisols, epoxy adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicones, resins, in particular phenolic resins, polyimides , polysulfides, poly(meth)acrylates, polyvinyl acetates, rubbers and bismaleimides.
  • the adhesive is preferably hardened by chemical hardening or solidification by cooling. This means that small amounts of solvents or dispersants can be used or even solvents or dispersants can be dispensed with entirely. Not only is this particularly sustainable, the processing times and the bonding within the layer composite are usually better.
  • the strength, in particular the tensile strength and/or the flexural strength, of one, several or all cover and/or carrier layers is greater than that of the at least one decorative layer.
  • Tensile strength also known as tear strength, is the maximum tensile stress that a body can withstand. It can be determined by a tensile test.
  • the bending tensile strength refers to the maximum tensile stress that a body can absorb when subjected to bending. It can be determined using a 3- or 4-point bending tensile test.
  • the strength, in particular the tensile strength and/or flexural strength, of one, several or all cover and/or support layers is greater than that of the at least one decorative layer, the support and/or cover layers can withstand the resulting stresses under mechanical stress take over, so that the at least one decorative layer does not break or only breaks under higher load, which would result in disadvantageous cracks in the layer that determines the appearance.
  • the elasticity of the decorative layer and thus its strength can be increased by fermentation and/or chemical treatment of the plant material.
  • the treatment of fermented leaves with a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, especially glycerin, has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • Tobacco leaves are particularly suitable because they inherently have good moisture-regulating properties and do not tend to break.
  • application is understood to mean establishing a firm connection between the layers. This can be done, for example, by gluing, curing a layer, needling or 3D printing.
  • a transfer film is used in the manufacturing process.
  • the plant leaf material is applied to a carrier layer in step A) and the cover layer is applied to the decorative layer in step B).
  • the plant leaf material is applied to a cover layer in step A) and the carrier layer is applied to the decorative layer in step B).
  • an already hardened layer such as a plastic film can be applied to the decorative layer. This can be done, for example, by applying adhesive to the decorative layer and/or the plastic film, placing the film on the decorative layer and preferably pressing the layers under pressure. Alternatively and/or additionally, the cover layer can be needled with the decorative layer.
  • a polyethylene layer is glued to the decorative layer in a laminating system for paper products.
  • a composition that is still to be cured can be applied to the decorative layer, from which the top layer is created.
  • one or more waxes can be applied to the decorative layer, which harden on the decorative layer.
  • the hardening of the composition and the formation of the top layer can also take place under the influence of elevated temperatures, pressure and/or radiation.
  • the layers are additionally needled. Needling the layers has the advantage that the permeability, for example for gases such as water vapor, can be significantly increased.
  • the carrier layer is usually supplied as a continuous web
  • the production of the layer composite can be carried out in a continuous process, which represents a significant advantage over the discontinuous process of animal leather production.
  • top layers for screen printing that are common in the textile sector were also successfully tested.
  • cover layers that are produced from water-based mixing systems for textile printing.
  • These water-based mixing systems have a water-based binder, in particular a synthetic resin dispersion binder, which preferably has a transparency ⁇ 80% and/or contains other components such as pigments, adhesion promoters or fillers.
  • Water-based mixed systems that are free of organic solvents or dispersants, phthalates, formaldehyde, alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates are particularly preferred.
  • the water-based mixing systems are preferably label-free, non-toxic and skin-friendly.
  • the water-based mixing systems are preferably dried with heat and then heat-fixed at a temperature of 150-160°C.
  • the fixation can be done with a transfer press, a drying tunnel, a heat gun, an iron, an ironing press or in an oven.
  • the fixing time is 2-3 minutes at the temperatures mentioned above.
  • the manufacturing process is carried out as shown below.
  • the carrier layer is transported by rollers.
  • the adhesive is applied in a first area.
  • the plant leaves coated with adhesive are placed in a subsequent area.
  • the plant leaves are pressed on by a heated calender or pressure rollers.
  • the top layer is applied to another area. If the cover layer is a plastic material in the form of a film, it can be glued on using a heated calender.
  • steps A) to E) are carried out in the order A), B), C), D), E).
  • adhesive is applied to the plant leaf material and/or the carrier layer. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly strong bond between the carrier and decorative layers.
  • the layers of the composite are pressed under increased pressure, the pressing taking place in a transfer press and/or using elevated temperatures.
  • the aqueous solvent or dispersion agent has a binder selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, in particular agar agar, pectin, xanthan gum, natural and synthetic resins, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, cellulose ethers, modified starch, glue or Mixtures of the aforementioned
  • the binder is used during the manufacturing process to achieve a higher viscosity of the dispersion. This allows it to be applied better to the carrier layer. After the manufacturing process, the binder that remains in the decorative layer ensures a better bond between the plant leaf material. This effect is particularly pronounced when the solvent or dispersant is a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, especially glycerin.
  • the aqueous solvent or dispersion agent therefore comprises an alcohol, preferably a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, glycol, polyethylene glycol or polyethylene oxide.
  • the invention further includes various uses of the layer composite according to the invention.
  • the layered composite is stable, lighter than animal leather, scratch-resistant and water-repellent. Therefore, it can be used preferably as a material for clothing and fashion accessories.
  • clothing refers to the entirety of all materials that more or less closely surround the human body as an artificial covering. This also includes headgear, especially hats, and shoes.
  • fashion accessories are understood to mean accessories for clothing. These are preferably belts, gloves, fans, parasols or umbrellas, bags, scarves and jewelry, especially watch straps.
  • the layered composite can also be used for coverings and upholstery.
  • the cover layer of the layer composite has a transmission in the visible wavelength range of ⁇ 30%, preferably ⁇ 50%, more preferably ⁇ 70% and most preferably ⁇ 90%. This makes it possible for the optical properties of the tobacco to stand out particularly well.
  • the transmission of both the textile carrier layer and the cover layer in the visible wavelength range is ⁇ 30%, preferably ⁇ 50%, more preferably ⁇ 60% and most preferably ⁇ 80%. This makes it possible to obtain a layered composite that can be backlit particularly well and can therefore be used in various uses in the lighting sector, for example as a lampshade or in the interior of a motor vehicle.
  • the layered composite has layers with the materials listed in the respective cells.
  • the layers have or consist of the material mentioned in the respective cells.
  • Top layer 1. Decorative layer Backing layer 2. Decorative layer 2. Top layer Q1 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Ribbon tobacco Flax fleece tobacco PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Q2 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Ribbon tobacco tissue tobacco PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Q3 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Ribbon tobacco Knitted fabric tobacco PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Q4 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Ribbon tobacco Flax fleece Rose petals PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Q5 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Ribbon tobacco tissue Rose petals PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Q6 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Ribbon tobacco Knitted fabric Rose petals PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Q7 wax Ribbon tobacco Flax fleece tobacco wax Q8 wax Ribbon tobacco tissue tobacco wax Q9 wax Ribbon tobacco Knitted fabric tobacco wax Q10 wax Ribbon tobacco Flax fleece Rose petals wax Q11 wax Ribbon tobacco tissue Rose petals wax Q12 wax Ribbon tobacco Knitted fabric Rose petals wax Q13 protein material Ribbon tobacco Fla
  • Top layer 1. Decorative layer Backing layer 2. Decorative layer 2. Top layer M1 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA tobacco Flax fleece tobacco PE/PP/PET/PU/PA M2 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA tobacco tissue tobacco PE/PP/PET/PU/PA M3 PE/PP/PET/PU/PA tobacco Knitted fabric tobacco PE/PP/PET/PU/PA M4* PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Rose petals Flax fleece Rose petals PE/PP/PET/PU/PA M5* PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Rose petals tissue Rose petals PE/PP/PET/PU/PA M6* PE/PP/PET/PU/PA Rose petals Knitted fabric Rose petals PE/PP/PET/PU/PA M7 wax tobacco Flax fleece tobacco wax M8 wax tobacco tissue tobacco wax M9 wax tobacco Knitted fabric tobacco wax M10* wax Rose petals Flax fleece Rose petals wax M11* wax Rose petals tissue Rose petals wax M12* wax Rose petals Knitted fabric Rose petals wax M13 protein material tobacco Flax
  • Comparative production example 50 g of rose petals are dispersed in 50 ml of a solution of glycerin/water and, after decanting the solvent or dispersant, applied to a surface section of a flax fleece with a grammage of 100 g/m 2 .
  • the aqueous solvent or dispersant is removed by air drying at 50°C to obtain a uniform decorative layer.
  • Liquid beeswax heated to 60°C is applied to this and allowed to cool to create a uniform top layer.
  • Fig. 1 shows the layer structure of a layer composite according to the invention, which has a carrier, adhesive, decorative, 2nd adhesive, 2nd decorative and top layer.
  • the carrier layer 1 is connected to the decorative layer made of ribbon tobacco 3 by the adhesive 2.
  • the second decorative layer 5 made of tobacco is connected to the decorative layer 3 and the cover layer 7 by the adhesive 4.
  • the plant leaf material of the decorative layer 5 is connected to one another using adhesive.
  • Fig. 2 shows the layer structure of a layer composite according to the invention, which has a carrier, adhesive, decorative, 2nd adhesive and cover layer.
  • the carrier layer 1 is connected to the decorative layer 5 by the adhesive 2.
  • the decorative layer 5 made of tobacco is connected to the decorative layer 3 and the cover layer 7 by the adhesive 4.
  • the plant leaf material of the decorative layer 5 is connected to one another using adhesive.
  • Fig. 3 shows the layer structure of a layer composite according to the invention, which has a carrier, adhesive, decorative and cover layer.
  • the carrier layer 1 is connected to the decorative layer 5 by the adhesive 2.
  • the decorative layer 5 made of tobacco is connected to the decorative layer 3 and the cover layer 7 by the adhesive 4.
  • the plant leaf material of the decorative layer 5 is connected to one another using adhesive.
  • Fig. 4 shows the layer structure of a layer composite according to the invention, which has a carrier, adhesive, decorative, 2nd adhesive, 2nd decorative and top layer.
  • the carrier layer 1 is connected to the decorative layer made of ribbon tobacco 3 by the adhesive 2.
  • the second decorative layer 5 made of tobacco is connected to the decorative layer 3 and the cover layer 7 by the adhesive 4.
  • the plant leaf material of the decorative layer 5 is connected to one another using adhesive.
  • laying patterns for tobacco leaves are shown.
  • the laying pattern should ensure that the carrier layer is covered by ⁇ 90% on one of its flat sides, particularly preferably completely covered by sheet material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
EP19801210.6A 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat Active EP3710631B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23197827.1A EP4269686A3 (de) 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018008307 2018-10-20
PCT/EP2019/078455 WO2020079269A1 (de) 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23197827.1A Division EP4269686A3 (de) 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3710631A1 EP3710631A1 (de) 2020-09-23
EP3710631B1 true EP3710631B1 (de) 2023-09-20
EP3710631C0 EP3710631C0 (de) 2023-09-20

Family

ID=68503066

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23197827.1A Pending EP4269686A3 (de) 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat
EP19801210.6A Active EP3710631B1 (de) 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23197827.1A Pending EP4269686A3 (de) 2018-10-20 2019-10-18 Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20210332527A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP4269686A3 (zh)
JP (1) JP2022512030A (zh)
CN (1) CN113302355B (zh)
BR (1) BR112021007439A2 (zh)
MX (1) MX2021004484A (zh)
WO (1) WO2020079269A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112056695A (zh) * 2020-09-16 2020-12-11 安徽省敬烨防护科技有限公司 一种耐高温复合材料安全鞋的制备工艺
CN112391851B (zh) * 2020-11-05 2023-08-22 陕西同华机电有限公司 一种聚氨酯面料复合胶及其制备方法
DE102021109087A1 (de) * 2021-04-12 2022-10-13 Nuvi Releaf Gmbh Neuartiger Schichtverbund zur Verwendung als Lederimitat
DE102021006418A1 (de) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-06 Stitch & Trim GmbH Lederimitat, halbfertiges Lederimitat und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lederimitats
WO2023146836A2 (en) * 2022-01-25 2023-08-03 Stuebler Martin Natural plant-fiber-based pile-fabric textile and method of manufacturing the same
CN114561814A (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-05-31 浙江宏仕达新材料有限公司 一种抗撕裂篷布及其制作方法
CN115155931A (zh) * 2022-08-18 2022-10-11 清远市齐力合成革有限公司 鳞片皮皱聚氨酯合成革自动生产线与生产方法及其制品

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007091770A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Hyo Chul Jun Sheet paper for interior use and preparing mehtod thereof
CN203198318U (zh) * 2013-03-26 2013-09-18 丁群雄 树脂层花卉合成革

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3436303A (en) 1965-09-16 1969-04-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Water-laid leather substitute containing leather fibers,staple fibers and polyurethane aqueous slurry and method for making same
GB2010750B (en) * 1977-10-24 1982-09-15 Newington Bridges A A Decorative articles
DE19937808A1 (de) 1999-08-10 2001-06-13 Johannes Michael Stoeger Lederersatzmaterial auf Flachs, Stroh, Restholz und Rapsstroh
JP2009512792A (ja) * 2005-10-20 2009-03-26 ダウ ライヒホールド スペシャルティ ラテックス，エルエルシー 複合革材料
DE102006001095A1 (de) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 TESCH, Günter Verfahren zur Herstellung eines lederhaltigen Flächengebildes und lederhaltiges Flächengebilde
DE102015101331A1 (de) 2015-01-29 2016-08-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Lichtdurchlässiges Kunstleder und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
GB2569097B (en) * 2017-10-20 2022-12-14 Tsn Capital Ltd A composite material and a method for the manufacture of a composite material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007091770A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Hyo Chul Jun Sheet paper for interior use and preparing mehtod thereof
CN203198318U (zh) * 2013-03-26 2013-09-18 丁群雄 树脂层花卉合成革

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4269686A2 (de) 2023-11-01
EP4269686A3 (de) 2023-12-06
BR112021007439A2 (pt) 2021-07-27
EP3710631C0 (de) 2023-09-20
CN113302355B (zh) 2023-11-21
MX2021004484A (es) 2021-06-23
EP3710631A1 (de) 2020-09-23
CN113302355A (zh) 2021-08-24
JP2022512030A (ja) 2022-02-01
US20210332527A1 (en) 2021-10-28
WO2020079269A9 (de) 2021-04-15
WO2020079269A1 (de) 2020-04-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3710631B1 (de) Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat
EP2739469A1 (de) Innenausstattungsteil aufweisend pflanzliche naturstoffe
DE2621195C2 (de) Versteifungsmaterialien für Schuhe und Schuhteile
DE69720462T2 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundwerkstoffs und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes material
DE1619252B2 (de) Kunstleder und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
DE3425989C2 (de) Synthetisches Velour-Spaltleder und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE102021109087A1 (de) Neuartiger Schichtverbund zur Verwendung als Lederimitat
WO2024133943A2 (de) Neuartiges kunstleder
DE102011111270A1 (de) Formteil sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP2093318B1 (de) Flexibler Verbundwerkstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung
US20230373189A1 (en) Biodegradable Cork Fabric
DE102016121736A1 (de) Innenverkleidungsteil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE1469513A1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ersatzmaterials fuer Textilmaterial
EP1806223A1 (de) Bahnförmiges Material mit einer Deckschicht und mit einer Trägerschicht
EP1806222B1 (de) Abriebfester, wasserfester Boden- und Wandbelag
DE1803677B2 (de) Verwendung von Cellulosefaser!! für Vliesstoffe mit textilartigen Eigenschaften
EP4377512A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines pflanzlichen textilen flächengebildes
DE686056C (de) Durch Behandlung mit Wasser zu formender Werkstoff mit Ledereigenschaften
DE1704598B2 (de) Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von mit Polymeren imprägnierten Faservliesen oder -geweben
DE1196161B (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung textiler Oberbekleidungsstoffe
DE1619245A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung biegefaehiger,flaechenfoermiger Schichtkoerper
CH278493A (de) Mindestens aus einem Träger und einer Deckschicht bestehendes Erzeugnis und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.
DE202010001061U1 (de) Formatzuschnitt
DE202012013364U1 (de) Verbundwerkstoff
DE2136465A1 (de) Als Schuhverstärkungen verwendbare beschichtete Textilmaterialien

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20200619

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20210729

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
R17C First examination report despatched (corrected)

Effective date: 20220810

R17C First examination report despatched (corrected)

Effective date: 20221128

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20230414

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502019009433

Country of ref document: DE

U01 Request for unitary effect filed

Effective date: 20231018

RAP4 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: NUVI RELEAF GMBH

U07 Unitary effect registered

Designated state(s): AT BE BG DE DK EE FI FR IT LT LU LV MT NL PT SE SI

Effective date: 20231110

U20 Renewal fee paid [unitary effect]

Year of fee payment: 5

Effective date: 20231108

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231220

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231221

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20231207

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20240120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20240120

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230920

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL