EP3666403A1 - Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3666403A1
EP3666403A1 EP18212338.0A EP18212338A EP3666403A1 EP 3666403 A1 EP3666403 A1 EP 3666403A1 EP 18212338 A EP18212338 A EP 18212338A EP 3666403 A1 EP3666403 A1 EP 3666403A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
containers
washing
bath
washing machine
ultrasonic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18212338.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Claudio Berzaghi
Michele COMPOSTA
Rino Fasani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sidel End of Line and Tunnels Solutions SRL
Original Assignee
Gebo Packaging Solutions Italy SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebo Packaging Solutions Italy SRL filed Critical Gebo Packaging Solutions Italy SRL
Priority to EP18212338.0A priority Critical patent/EP3666403A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2019/064883 priority patent/WO2020119958A1/en
Priority to EP19729736.9A priority patent/EP3894100B1/de
Priority to CN201980082287.8A priority patent/CN113195119B/zh
Priority to BR112021011400-9A priority patent/BR112021011400B1/pt
Priority to MX2021006990A priority patent/MX2021006990A/es
Publication of EP3666403A1 publication Critical patent/EP3666403A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B08B3/123Cleaning travelling work, e.g. webs, articles on a conveyor
    • B08B3/126Cleaning travelling work, e.g. webs, articles on a conveyor in particular moving bottles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/083Removing scrap from containers, e.g. removing labels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/20Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by using apparatus into or on to which containers, e.g. bottles, jars, cans are brought
    • B08B9/28Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by using apparatus into or on to which containers, e.g. bottles, jars, cans are brought the apparatus cleaning by splash, spray, or jet application, with or without soaking
    • B08B9/30Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by using apparatus into or on to which containers, e.g. bottles, jars, cans are brought the apparatus cleaning by splash, spray, or jet application, with or without soaking and having conveyors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/14Removing waste, e.g. labels, from cleaning liquid; Regenerating cleaning liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a washing machine for washing empty containers and to an operating method thereof.
  • washing machines are known with the purpose of cleaning the empty containers upstream of a filling and a labelling station, in which the containers are respectively filled with a pourable product and labelled with respective labels.
  • washing machine is known, e.g. from EP2727660 in the name of the same Applicant.
  • Known washing machines essentially comprise:
  • the chain conveyor comprises a plurality of beams, which are fed at the inlet station by the feeding system with respective rows of containers.
  • each beam comprises a plurality of aligned pockets, which receive, convey and outlet the respective washed containers.
  • Each beam is discharged of the respective washed containers at the outlet station and then is returned to the inlet station, where it receives new empty containers to be washed.
  • the treatment zones comprise, in sequence, a prewash zone, a first cleaning zone, a second cleaning zone and a plurality of consecutive rinsing zones.
  • the prewash zone, the first cleaning zone, and the second cleaning zone comprise respective cleaning baths, which are filled with a washing chemical agent at high temperature and through which the containers are advanced.
  • Each rinsing zone comprises one or more rinsing baths filled with rinsing liquid and/or ejecting devices for directing sprinkles of rinsing liquid toward the containers.
  • containers needs to be treated through the cleaning zones for a relatively long time to be effectively deprived from the most encrusted dirt mounds, especially the ones heavily sedimented at the bottom of the containers themselves.
  • the treatment through the cleaning zones requires high consumption of energy, since being essentially based on the quantity of chemical agent used in a washing cycle and the temperature of the same chemical agent.
  • WO2016202493 discloses a method for cleaning containers and a corresponding cleaning device, according to which the containers are treated with a jet of water provided with air bubbles and ultrasonic waves herein generated and propagated.
  • the ultrasonic waves propagate in water and, more in general, in a medium with a relative periodic motion with respect to the medium itself, such that local micro-zones within the medium pass periodically from a depressurized to a pressurized state.
  • Such energy may be useful to disaggregate the aforementioned encrusted dirt mounds, such that cleaning the containers results significantly eased.
  • the invention further relates to an operating method of a washing machine for washing empty containers, as claimed in claim 9.
  • numeral 1 indicates a washing machine for washing containers 2, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • containers 2 are defined by respective empty bottles intended to be filled with a pourable product.
  • each container 2 has an external surface 2a delimiting an inner volume 2b adapted to receive the pourable product and extends along an axis A (in particular, lying on a vertical plane) from a base portion 2c to a neck portion 2d.
  • the neck portion 2d is provided with an inlet opening 2f about axis A, which allow the filling of the inner volume 2b of the corresponding container 2.
  • washing machine 1 comprises:
  • chain conveyor 4 comprises:
  • each beam 16 comprises a row of pockets 17 aligned orthogonally to path P and adapted to receive corresponding containers 2.
  • containers 2 carried by a corresponding beam 16 are aligned orthogonally to path P and housed inside the respective pockets 17.
  • Washing machine 1 comprises also a feeding system 8 for feeding a sequence of empty containers 2 along a direction F and at an inlet station I of washing tunnel 3.
  • containers 2 fed along direction F are arranged in rows orthogonal to path P.
  • Feeding system 8 comprises:
  • the most forward containers 2 of each row of containers 2 are transferred by sequencing device 105 to the respective pockets 17 of the beam 16 that is travelling at inlet station I.
  • Direction F is horizontal and orthogonal to axes A of containers 2 fed along the same direction F.
  • Washing machine 1 further comprises an outfeed conveyor 14, which receives rows of cleaned containers 2 from chain conveyor 4 at an outlet station 0 of washing tunnel 3.
  • path P comprises:
  • washing machine 1 comprises in sequence along washing branch Q:
  • washing machine 1 comprises a prewashing apparatus comprising, in turn, a bath 11 filled with a cleaning agent and a plurality of sprinkling devices 106 arranged in sequence along washing branch Q downstream of bath 11.
  • Sprinkling devices 106 deliver, in use, sprinkles of the above cleaning agent to external surfaces 2a and inner volumes 2b of containers 2, while the latter are advanced through the prewash zone P1 itself.
  • the cleaning agent within bath 11 and the cleaning agent ejected by sprinkling devices 106 are brought to a relatively high temperature, for instance between 45 °C and 60 °C, so that the encrusted dirt on containers 2 starts to dissolve as containers 2 themselves advance through prewash zone P1.
  • washing machine 1 comprises respective baths 12, 13 filled with corresponding cleaning agents and defining a hot washing apparatus.
  • the cleaning agent within baths 12, 13 is brought to a higher temperature than that within bath 11, for instance between 65 °C and 80 °C, so that dirt on advancing containers 2 is fully removed together with possible labels arranged on the respective external surfaces 2a.
  • the above removed labels precipitate due to gravity action and due to a pushing action exerted by the same advancing containers 2 toward the bottom of bath 12 or of bath 13, based on where containers 2 are immersed during the detachment of the labels from the respective external surfaces 2a.
  • washing machine 1 comprises two suction apparatus SM, which are respectively arranged at the bottom of bath 12 and 13 and are both configured to suck the detached labels so as to remove the latter from the corresponding baths 12, 13.
  • the cleaning agents filling the respective baths 11, 12, 13 comprise corresponding basic aqueous solutions that include, in particular, sodium hydroxide.
  • Containers 2 come out from bath 13 cleaned and heated up to a temperature likely between 60 °C and 70 °C, so that the same containers 2 needs to be cooled down to environmental temperature before being discharged at outlet station 0.
  • containers 2 coming out from bath 13 present residuals of cleaning agent, which needs to be removed before the same containers 2 are discharged at outlet station 0.
  • washing machine 1 comprises a rinsing apparatus 101, which is arranged within final rinsing zone H1 and is configured to cool and rinse containers 2 by bringing the same containers 2 in contact with a rinsing medium, in particular water, at a temperature lower than that of the cleaning agent within bath 13.
  • a rinsing medium in particular water
  • rinsing apparatus 101 comprises a bath 70 filled with the rinsing medium and positioned such that beams 16 are conveyed by chains 15 through the same bath 70.
  • beams 16 and external surfaces 2a of containers 2 advancing through the bath 70 are fully in contact with such rinsing medium and, in particular, immersed therein.
  • rinsing apparatus 101 comprises an ejection assembly 77 arranged along washing branch Q downstream of bath 70.
  • Ejection assembly 77 comprises a plurality of sprinkling devices 78 arranged in sequence along washing branch Q for delivering sprinkles of the rinsing medium to external surfaces 2a and inner volumes 2b of containers 2, as well as to beams 16 carrying the same containers 2.
  • At least one of the sprinkling devices 78 is supplied by a source of rinsing medium; specifically washing machine 1 comprises a tank T4 defining the above source of rinsing medium.
  • tank T4 supplies only the last sprinkling device 78 of the respective sequence, according to the advancing direction of containers 2.
  • ejection assembly 77 comprises also a plurality of basins 79 respectively arranged in sequence below sprinkling devices 78 and fluidly connected thereto.
  • the last basin 79 in the respective sequence gathers the rinsing medium that is ejected by the corresponding sprinkling device 78, since the same ejected rinsing medium falls down from containers 2 and beams 16 that advance above the same last basin 79.
  • the previously referred last basin 79 supplies, in use, all the other basins 79, which in turn supply the corresponding sprinkling devices 78.
  • each basin 79 comprises at the top a corresponding spillway 80 toward the immediately upstream basin 79.
  • the last basin 79 in the respective sequence is the first one that is completely filled since indirectly receiving rinsing medium from tank T4 via the corresponding sprinkling device 78; the other basins 79 are completely filled in succession according to a direction opposite to the advancing direction of containers 2.
  • washing machine 1 comprises an ultrasonic wave generator UG, which is coupled to bath 11 and configured to propagate ultrasonic waves through the cleaning agent within bath 11 itself, such that containers 2 may receive an ultrasonic cleaning treatment while advancing through bath 11.
  • an ultrasonic wave generator UG which is coupled to bath 11 and configured to propagate ultrasonic waves through the cleaning agent within bath 11 itself, such that containers 2 may receive an ultrasonic cleaning treatment while advancing through bath 11.
  • ultrasonic wave generator UG comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 90 ( Figure 2 ), which are conveniently plate-shaped, configured to convert electric power into ultrasounds, and sequentially arranged adjacent and parallel to each other along a stretch Q1, which is part of washing branch Q and extends through bath 11.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90 has a thickness between 70 mm and 110 mm and preferred planar dimensions about 500 mm x 300 mm.
  • Ultrasonic transducers 90 preferably emit ultrasonic waves having an action range of at least 350 mm and a frequency between 25 kHz and 28 kHz.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90 are parallel to stretch Q1 and fixed with respect to bath 11, so as to be placed immediately below the advancing beams 16. In such a manner, ultrasonic transducers 90 face in close proximity the base portions 2c of the containers 2 advanced through bath 11.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90 have a maximum clearance from the bottom of base portions 2c that is equal to 10 mm, according to a direction orthogonal to stretch Q1. Possibly, a slight crawling between base portions 2c and ultrasonic transducers 90 may be tolerated.
  • beams 16 advance through stretch Q1, the same beams 16 have respective portions facing ultrasonic transducers 90 in close proximity.
  • stretch Q1 is rectilinear and horizontal. Moreover, stretch Q1 has a length conveniently between 0.5 m and 2 m.
  • containers 2 are advanced throughout the whole stretch Q1 during a time interval between 20 s and 60 s, in order to have optimal performances of the ultrasonic cleaning treatment.
  • Washing machine 1 further comprises:
  • control unit ECU controls the activation of ultrasonic transducers 90 in a periodic or discontinuous manner, e.g. for a duration of 30 s after each period of 420 working hours of the washing machine 1.
  • control unit ECU is configured to inhibit emissions of ultrasonic waves during downtimes.
  • washing machine 1 The operation of washing machine 1 is described in detail in the following.
  • Feeding system 8 advances a plurality of rows of containers 2 to be washed through conveyor 103 in a parallel manner to direction F.
  • the properly positioned containers 2 are arranged with respective axes A orthogonal to path P and with respective base portions 2c lying on conveyor 103.
  • Beams 16 of chain conveyor 4 withdraw respective rows of containers 2 at inlet station I from sequencing device 105, advance containers 2 inside washing tunnel 3 along the washing branch Q, discharge rows of cleaned containers 2 at outlet station 0 onto outfeed conveyor 14, and return along return branch R without containers 2.
  • containers 2 of each row are first carried by pockets 17 through prewash zone P1, where containers 2 are preliminary washed and heated through immersion within bath 11 and by means of sprinkling devices 106.
  • Containers 2 receive within bath 11 also a complete ultrasonic cleaning treatment by means of ultrasonic wave generator UG, with above described modes.
  • both containers 2 and beams 16 receive heat from cleaning agent within baths 12, 13 up to reach elevated temperatures, for instance between 60 °C and 70° C.
  • containers 2 are rinsed and cooled through the final rinsing zone H1 before the same containers 2 are discharged at outlet station 0.
  • numeral 1' indicates a washing machine for washing empty containers 2, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Washing machine 1' is similar to washing machine 1 and will be described hereinafter only as far as it differs therefrom; corresponding or equivalent parts of washing machines 1, 1' will be indicated where possible by the same reference numerals.
  • washing machine 1' differs from washing machine 1 for comprising, in replacement of ultrasonic wave generator UG, an ultrasonic wave generator UG' coupled to bath 12 and configured to propagate ultrasonic waves through the cleaning agent within bath 12 itself, such that containers 2 may receive an ultrasonic cleaning treatment while advancing through bath 12.
  • ultrasonic wave generator UG' comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 90' ( Figure 4 ), which are functionally and constructively similar to ultrasonic transducers 90.
  • Ultrasonic transducers 90' are sequentially arranged adjacent and parallel to each other along a stretch Q2, which is part of washing branch Q and extends through bath 12.
  • Ultrasonic transducers 90' are parallel to stretch Q2 and fixed with respect to bath 12 so as to face in close proximity the base portions 2c of the containers 2 advanced through bath 12.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90' have a maximum clearance from the bottom of base portions 2c that is equal to 10 mm, according to a direction orthogonal to stretch Q2.
  • stretch Q2 is rectilinear and vertical. Moreover, stretch Q2 has a length conveniently between 0.5 m and 2 m. In general, the vertical arrangement of flattened ultrasonic transducers 90' is convenient because dirt detached from containers 2 slips away from the ultrasonic transducers 90' themselves with easiness.
  • containers 2 are advanced throughout the whole stretch Q2 during a time interval between 20 s and 60 s, in order to have optimal performances of the ultrasonic cleaning treatment.
  • Ultrasonic transducers 90' are connected to electric power generator EG in order to receive power supply therefrom under the control of control unit ECU.
  • control unit ECU controls the activation of ultrasonic transducers 90' exactly in the same way ultrasonic transducers 90 are controlled.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90' are spaced apart from suction apparatus SM within bath 12, such that the action of the same ultrasonic transducers 90' does not interfere with that of suction apparatus SM itself.
  • ultrasonic wave generator UG' and suction apparatus SM within bath 12 have respective action areas that are separated from one another.
  • washing machine 1' is similar to that of washing machine 1 and is described only insofar as it differs therefrom.
  • washing machine 1' differs from that of washing machine 1 in that containers 2 receive the ultrasonic cleaning treatment while advancing through bath 12 in cleaning zone C1, instead of through bath 11 in prewash zone P1.
  • the cleaning effectiveness of the treatment within bath 12 is higher than that of the treatment within bath 11 due to the higher temperatures of the cleaning agent within bath 12 than that of the cleaning agent within bath 11.
  • ultrasonic generators UG, UG' have an extremely simplified structure and respectively integrate with easiness to baths 11, 12, which correspond to washing apparatus normally present in known washing machines.
  • ultrasonic generators UG, UG' may be applied into already existent and operative washing machines, in order to increase efficiency of the latter.
  • washing machines 1, 1' can be designed to have smaller dimensions than known washing machines, with significant cost savings. Indeed, a shorter washing branch Q is abundantly compensated by the increase of cleaning performances due to the use of ultrasounds.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90, 90' allows a simple and compact arrangement of ultrasonic wave generators UG, UG' within the corresponding baths 11, 12 in close proximity to the base portions 2c of the containers 2, which advance along the corresponding stretches Q1, Q2.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90, 90' are immersed within the corresponding baths 11, 12, so as to be surrounded by a wave transmission medium, increases the cleaning performances of the emitted ultrasonic waves.
  • the reduced spacing between ultrasonic transducers 90, 90' and base portions 2c optimizes the effectiveness of the cleaning treatment of containers 2, since an increased amount of energy affects the limescale or encrusted dirt deposits on the base portions 2c themselves.
  • the energetic impact of the operation of ultrasonic wave generators UG, UG' is particularly limited thanks to the intelligent control performed by electronic control unit ECU, which selectively activate ultrasonic transducers 90, 90' according to a predetermined optimized period.
  • washing machine 1 and to the method as described and illustrated herein without, however, departing from the scope of protection as defined in the accompanying claims.
  • ultrasonic transducers 90, 90' may be different from what described and illustrated in the above disclosure. More in particular, stretch Q1 may be vertical, instead of horizontal, and stretch Q2 may be horizontal, instead of vertical.
  • ultrasonic wave generator UG' In replacement or in addition to ultrasonic wave generator UG', another ultrasonic wave generator may be coupled to bath 13 for propagating ultrasonic waves through the cleaning agent contained therein.
EP18212338.0A 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür Withdrawn EP3666403A1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18212338.0A EP3666403A1 (de) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür
PCT/EP2019/064883 WO2020119958A1 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 A washing machine for washing empty containers and an operating method thereof
EP19729736.9A EP3894100B1 (de) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür
CN201980082287.8A CN113195119B (zh) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 用于清洗空容器的清洗机及其操作方法
BR112021011400-9A BR112021011400B1 (pt) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 Máquina de lavar recipientes vazios e método de operação da mesma
MX2021006990A MX2021006990A (es) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 Una maquina lavadora para lavar contenedores vacios y un metodo de operacion de la misma.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18212338.0A EP3666403A1 (de) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3666403A1 true EP3666403A1 (de) 2020-06-17

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18212338.0A Withdrawn EP3666403A1 (de) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür
EP19729736.9A Active EP3894100B1 (de) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19729736.9A Active EP3894100B1 (de) 2018-12-13 2019-06-06 Waschmaschine zum waschen leerer behälter und betriebsverfahren dafür

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP3666403A1 (de)
CN (1) CN113195119B (de)
BR (1) BR112021011400B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2021006990A (de)
WO (1) WO2020119958A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112427399A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-02 张家港东艺超声有限公司 一种超声波清洗回收装置及使用方法
BE1029285B1 (nl) * 2021-04-07 2022-11-16 Indusclean Nv Reiniging van holle industriële componenten

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4286067A1 (de) 2022-05-30 2023-12-06 Sidel Participations Waschmaschine zum waschen von leeren behältern, die zum befüllen mit rieselfähigem angepasst sind
EP4331737A1 (de) 2022-08-30 2024-03-06 Sidel Participations Waschmaschine zum waschen von leeren behältern, die zum befüllen mit rieselfähigem angepasst sind, und entsprechendes verfahren
EP4331738A1 (de) 2022-09-01 2024-03-06 Sidel Participations Waschmaschine und verfahren zum laden einer waschmaschine

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GB1171652A (en) * 1966-01-29 1969-11-26 Seitz Werke Gmbh Improvements in or relating to Bottle Cleaning Machines
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DE3436502A1 (de) * 1984-10-05 1986-04-10 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur herstellung zylindrischer koerper kleiner abmessungen
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DE4427035A1 (de) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-01 Binswanger Und Kienle Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Gegenständen, insbesondere Behältnissen
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CN112427399A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-02 张家港东艺超声有限公司 一种超声波清洗回收装置及使用方法
BE1029285B1 (nl) * 2021-04-07 2022-11-16 Indusclean Nv Reiniging van holle industriële componenten

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MX2021006990A (es) 2021-07-15
WO2020119958A1 (en) 2020-06-18
CN113195119B (zh) 2023-03-14
EP3894100A1 (de) 2021-10-20
CN113195119A (zh) 2021-07-30
EP3894100B1 (de) 2024-01-24
BR112021011400B1 (pt) 2024-01-30

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