EP3657102A1 - Gestion de liquides de travail - Google Patents

Gestion de liquides de travail Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3657102A1
EP3657102A1 EP19210258.0A EP19210258A EP3657102A1 EP 3657102 A1 EP3657102 A1 EP 3657102A1 EP 19210258 A EP19210258 A EP 19210258A EP 3657102 A1 EP3657102 A1 EP 3657102A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
shut
containers
container
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19210258.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Hans-Josef Spahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP3657102A1 publication Critical patent/EP3657102A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/004—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor with several tanks to collect or charge a cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to working fluid circulations in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • Heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices as are common in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel complexes, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as automotive air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or also industrial plants or medical technology devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have long been known, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the best known working fluids at that time were flammable and toxic. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it was shown that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming and that their safety-related safety led to constructive inattentiveness. Up to 70% of sales was attributable to the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement.
  • the non-halogenated hydrocarbons with low climate damage potential are also problematic. They are flammable and tend to decompose, and sometimes they are excellent solvents for the compressor lubricants used. Their mixtures often have a clear temperature glide, which makes it difficult to control the systems because the evaporator overheating is difficult to determine. This either jeopardizes the compressor if the evaporator overheating has become too low and droplets are drawn into the compressor, or the coefficient of performance drops disproportionately if a particularly large evaporator overheating is set for safety reasons.
  • the problems that arise with the safety design of such systems are discussed in the WO 2015/032905 A1 described vividly.
  • the lower ignition limit of propane as working fluid R290 is approximately 1.7 volume percent in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m 3 in air. If the cooling process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled room with the working fluid propane, there is the problem of recognizing a critical, explosive situation after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed room. Electrical sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to carry out explosion-proof, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves considerably increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also toxic; when inhaled above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m 3 , there are narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This affects people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the ground in calm air and accumulates there. If part of the propane should collect in a low-flow zone of the enclosed space in which the faulty unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of the total volume of the room and the amount of propane escaping.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating an electric current generator into the opening or its locking of this space and, when actuated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and who then does not release the lock in the event of an alarm, but instead initiates ventilation of the locked room and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE-PS 553 295 describes an encapsulated compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1, its drive motor 2, evaporator 3, condenser 4 and control valve 5 are enclosed in a double-walled capsule 6 and 7, respectively. A vacuum is created in the space between the double-walled capsule and any leaks that could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine are extracted. The extracted working fluid can then be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air inside the encapsulated room and, due to the negative pressure in the double jacket, it cannot penetrate into the encapsulated interior.
  • the DE 41 14 529 A1 describes a safety device for a refrigeration system filled with a dangerous medium, which consists of at least one complete refrigeration unit, which comprises a refrigerant circuit with evaporator, compressor and condenser, and a drive motor.
  • the system is enclosed in a gas-tight manner, the enclosure being designed for the maximum pressure that is technically possible in the event of a malfunction, and from the enclosure the connections for the coolant, a coolant and electrical supply, monitoring and control lines are pressure-tight to the outside.
  • An expansion tank can be connected.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space is provided which connects the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet, and the room is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant.
  • the amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any refrigerant escaping can be absorbed and kept away from the environment.
  • the space filled with the sorbent material is open to the surroundings. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the space is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a delivery fan is not required.
  • the sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely surrounds the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. On its way out, baffles are provided that prevent short circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent.
  • a double-walled embodiment in which the sorbent is arranged in the double jacket is also possible.
  • a measuring device for refrigerants can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent to the surroundings.
  • the DE 195 26 980 A1 describes a device and a method for cleaning air in closed rooms which have a gaseous contamination. After the contamination has been detected by a gas sensor, the latter controls a compressor which directs the air through an absorber located in this room, as a result of which the contamination is absorbed. The cleaned air leaves the absorber in the closed room.
  • the DE 91 06 051 U1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gastight housing, which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine.
  • a pressure sensor indicates a leak, which activates the housing lock and switches off the compressor.
  • the leaked refrigerant from the housing and the cooling circuit can be discharged to a mobile disposal device by means of service openings and other connection devices; such a disposal station can also be integrated into the device. Only then can the housing be opened for maintenance and / or repair purposes.
  • the US 2005/0097904 A1 describes a refrigerant circuit that has a refrigerant storage container into which part of the refrigerant can be temporarily stored if the temperatures in the heat exchangers are outside the specification due to external influences and there is a fear that this could result in excessive pressure in the refrigerant circuit.
  • the additional tank has connections that are located directly in front of and behind the refrigeration circuit compressor and is designed to hold gaseous process fluids.
  • the container can also be divided into a high pressure part and a low pressure part.
  • the WO 2009/091405 A1 describes a pressure vessel for refrigeration systems that can be used to reduce the pressure of refrigerants during transportation and storage. Carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the container can either be shut off directly behind the condenser or the evaporator, but can be flooded during operation in the working fluid circulation, or it is alternatively provided behind a shutoff branch after the condenser.
  • the WO 2005/066556 A1 also describes a pressure vessel for refrigeration systems that can be used to reduce the pressure of refrigerants during transportation and storage.
  • the pressure vessel is connected behind the evaporator, but in front of the compressor.
  • R410A is mentioned as an example as working fluid.
  • the EP 1 666 287 describes a vehicle air conditioning system with a container for the refrigerant, which is connected to a gas-liquid separator via an externally controllable valve.
  • the valve can be closed by means of a pressure detection device when the detected pressure becomes equal to a predetermined pressure.
  • the signal to open the valve can be detected by a leak.
  • the EP 2 921 801 A1 describes a method for the exchange of fluid-flowed parts of an air conditioning refrigeration system.
  • a container is connected into which the working fluid can flow out of the refrigeration cycle, a connecting part and a pressure reduction being provided.
  • the EP 3 115 714 A1 describes the problem of draining the working fluid through a large-lumen pipeline, which is connected to the outlet of the heat source side of the condenser.
  • Working fluid not only collects during draining, but also during normal cooling operation, which also reduces the cooling capacity. If one would counteract the effect by a larger amount of working fluid, the manufacturing costs and the risks of leakages would increase.
  • the problem is solved by a storage container, a first open / close valve in a line between the expansion valve and the useful side of the heat exchanger and a bypass that branches off between the open / close valve and the expansion valve and is connected to the suction side of the compressor . When working fluid is drained into the container, the first on / off valve is closed and the working fluid flows from the heat source side through the bypass into the storage container.
  • TEWI Total Equivalent Warming
  • the GWP describes the direct greenhouse potential of a substance in the event of leakages
  • the TEWI number also takes into account the indirect greenhouse potential as a key figure by also taking into account the associated CO2 generation, for example in energy consumption.
  • the associated CO2 generation for example in energy consumption.
  • the working fluid circulation In the event of leaks or maintenance work in which the working fluid circulation must be opened or heated, the working fluid circulation must be emptied as completely as possible or at least freed from the inflammable working fluid to such an extent that there is never any risk of ignition. Other measures, such as Routine checks may require emptying. Such drains are currently carried out manually and it would be desirable to be able to carry them out remotely. In view of externally caused disturbances such as earthquakes, fires or floods, it would also be desirable if the flammable working fluid could be brought to safety quickly without manual intervention on site being required.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved refrigerant management system in which the working fluid can be removed from the cycle, can be replaced by another, enables return and return to the cycle, better solves the problems presented and no longer has the disadvantages.
  • Heat transfer fluids are to be understood here as all gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred, for example air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.
  • containers for receiving working fluid are provided.
  • the containers are typically commercially available refill bottles with standardized connection dimensions but different working fluids, and they have a volume of 990 milliliters.
  • the advantage of the invention is that, in an emergency, the working fluid in use can largely be filled into one of the containers. Furthermore, it is possible to use different working fluids in different operating modes, which are adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the containers have a switchable cooling system and a cooling jacket. If a planned emptying of the working fluid circulation in If one or more of the containers is to take place, working fluid is first drawn off behind the condenser and filled in liquid. Then the working fluid circulation is blocked behind this branch and the compressor continues to deliver working fluid until the pressure has dropped to such an extent that further liquefaction in the condenser is no longer possible. The filled container is then closed and another cooled container is opened. The remaining gaseous working fluid is condensed out in this container until there is only a very small remnant in the working fluid circulation which corresponds to the vapor pressure at the condensation temperature of the cooled container. Then this second, cooled container is also closed.
  • the two containers remain closed until the hazard is resolved.
  • the working fluid can then be refilled into the working fluid circulation.
  • the working fluid has been contaminated, for example, that condensation in the cooled container could create a negative pressure in the system, in which air should have been sucked into the fluid circulation through a leak and could now also be in the container the working fluid is replaced by a refill.
  • the withdrawn working fluid is kept in the containers until it is to be used again, and another working fluid from one of the other containers is filled into the working fluid circulation.
  • Suitable working fluids are all alkanes and alkenes with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, organic ether compounds and alcohols, and also suitable mixtures thereof. Some of them are already commercially available and available as standardized refrigerants. Above all, these are: - R290 Propane as a pure substance - R1270 Propene as a pure substance - R600 Butane as a pure substance - R600a Isobutane as a pure substance - R601 Pentane - R601a Isopentane - R610 Ethyl ether - R611 Methyl acetate - R170 Ethan
  • an appropriately equipped heat pump can also be used as air conditioning.
  • the heat source is then, for example, a ceiling cooling or a floor cooling with a temperature of approximately 20 degrees and the heat sink can be hot water, for example for a swimming pool, or process water. If there are no consumers available, the heat must be released into the outside air via an outer box, which requires approximately the same temperature as the killing temperature for killing Legionella during hot water heating.
  • the working fluid circulation is emptied by the compressor when the working fluid is changed, firstly as much working fluid condensate as possible being drawn off behind the condenser and filled into the assigned container and subsequently gaseous working fluid being drawn off after the compressor and into one another cooled container is passed.
  • Fig. 1 a working fluid circuit and the containers for working fluids.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a working fluid circulation 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10. Only the most important shut-off devices are shown; of course, the person skilled in the art will provide further shut-off devices and anti-kickback devices.
  • the three-way valve 11 In the event of drainage from the working fluid circulation, the three-way valve 11 is switched over in such a way that passage of the working fluid from the condenser 3 to the pressure reduction 4 is prevented, and the condensed working fluid is conducted into the header 14 via the opened three-way valve 13. There it is introduced into the container 15 provided for this purpose until no more condensate arrives.
  • the three-way valve 11 is switched back into normal circulation, and the three-way valve 12 behind the compressor 2 is opened to the header 14 via the three-way valve 13.
  • the gaseous working fluid from the compressor 2 is passed into the cooled container 16, where it condenses. As soon as the working fluid circulation is practically evacuated, the compressor is switched off and the cooled container is blocked.
  • Another working fluid can then be filled into the working fluid circulation from the container 17 via the header 14 and the three-way valve 12, the condenser 3 being filled first.
  • the working fluid circulation is filled with the contents of the container 17, it must be checked whether there is further working fluid in the container 18. If this is the case, this is pressurized by heating and also filled into the working fluid circulation via the three-way valve 12.
  • Such a transfer action takes only a few minutes and, if desired, can be carried out several times a day.
  • connection 21 the used working fluid is given externally via the connection 21. It can then still be used, for example, for barbecuing in the garden in a commercially available gas grill, while fresh working fluid is exchanged at the container location provided.
  • the containers 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 are preferably standard containers which are connected to the header 14 via double shut-offs 22.
  • the double shut-offs are implemented by a three-way valve and a switchable ball valve; alternative solutions are also available for this.
  • the cooling or heating of the containers are only hinted at, the specialist can use proven solutions here.
  • the compressor In the event of an accident, it must first be checked whether the compressor is still ready for operation. If this is the case, the working fluid can be conveyed into the associated container as when changing the working fluid. If the compressor is no longer running, only a smaller part of the working fluid is fed into the container and a correspondingly larger part is filled into the cooled container, the low temperature of which leads to a cooling and associated pressure reduction, with the help of which a large part of the Working fluid circulation deducted can be. In this case, however, care must be taken to ensure that there is no negative pressure in the working fluid circulation, so that there is no leakage-related entry of ambient air.
  • a heating circuit flow temperature of 30 degrees Celsius for underfloor heating is to be achieved in winter by means of outside air of minus 15 degrees Celsius.
  • the temperature spread is 45 Kelvin plus evaporator overheating and temperature differences at the heat exchangers.
  • R1270 is suitable for this, R433B would also be suitable.
  • hot water is to be produced at 70 degrees with a flow temperature of 22 degrees Celsius.
  • a flow temperature results, for example, when the fresh water is passed through a storage tank of the heating circuit water or when cold water of 18 degrees Celsius is generated for a cooling ceiling in summer, that is, the heat source is also at about 20 degrees Celsius.
  • the temperature spread is 50 Kelvin plus evaporator overheating and temperature differences at the heat exchangers.
  • R600a, R436A and R436B are also suitable for this.
  • light heating should take place during the transition period and an outdoor swimming pool (spring) or a hot water tank (autumn) should be heated.
  • the ambient air should be 9 degrees Celsius and the pool temperature 15 degrees.
  • the heating circuit flow temperature of 28 degrees Celsius should be reached for underfloor heating.
  • the temperature spread is 19 Kelvin plus evaporator overheating and temperature differences at the heat exchangers. R290 is suitable for this.
  • these three working fluids are not only suitable as a pure substance, but also in a mixture with R290. Therefore, consumption by mixing when changing working fluids is not a problem.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
EP19210258.0A 2018-11-20 2019-11-20 Gestion de liquides de travail Withdrawn EP3657102A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018129131.0A DE102018129131A1 (de) 2018-11-20 2018-11-20 Arbeitsfluid-Management

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3657102A1 true EP3657102A1 (fr) 2020-05-27

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EP19210258.0A Withdrawn EP3657102A1 (fr) 2018-11-20 2019-11-20 Gestion de liquides de travail

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EP (1) EP3657102A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018129131A1 (fr)

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE553295C (de) 1931-02-03 1932-06-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gekapselte Kompressionskaeltemaschine
DE9106051U1 (de) 1991-05-16 1991-12-05 RAUM-KLIMA Technologie-GMBH., 7570 Baden-Baden Kälte- oder Wärmeaggregat
DE4114529A1 (de) 1991-05-03 1993-02-11 Aero Tech Klima Kaelte Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer eine kaeltetechnische anlage
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
DE19526980A1 (de) 1995-07-25 1997-01-30 York Int Gmbh Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Luft
JP2001174109A (ja) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 冷媒回収装置および冷媒回収方法および冷凍サイクルの洗浄方法および冷凍サイクルの交換方法および冷凍サイクル装置
JP2004116885A (ja) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 冷凍空調サイクル装置の取り扱い方法、冷凍空調サイクル装置の冷媒回収機構
US20050097904A1 (en) 2003-11-07 2005-05-12 Alexander Lifson Refrigerant system with controlled refrigerant charge amount
WO2005066556A1 (fr) 2003-12-19 2005-07-21 Carrier Corporation Commande de pression de systeme de refrigeration pour un stockage et un transport
EP1666287A1 (fr) 2004-12-06 2006-06-07 Sanden Corporation Climatisation d'un véhicule comprenant un réservoir collecteur de fluide frigorigène
WO2009091405A1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Carrier Corporation Récipient sous pression pour réduire une pression élevée unitaire pendant le stockage et le transport
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
EP2921801A1 (fr) 2010-12-03 2015-09-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Procédé de remplacement de pièces pour appareil à cycle de réfrigération
DE102014112545A1 (de) * 2014-09-01 2016-03-03 Denso Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Kältemittelkreis-Kompaktaggregat für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP3115714A1 (fr) 2014-03-07 2017-01-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de climatisation

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JP2005043038A (ja) * 2003-07-04 2005-02-17 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷媒回収タンクおよび冷媒回収方法
WO2008066530A2 (fr) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Carrier Corporation Stockage de charge refrigerant

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE553295C (de) 1931-02-03 1932-06-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gekapselte Kompressionskaeltemaschine
DE4114529A1 (de) 1991-05-03 1993-02-11 Aero Tech Klima Kaelte Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer eine kaeltetechnische anlage
DE9106051U1 (de) 1991-05-16 1991-12-05 RAUM-KLIMA Technologie-GMBH., 7570 Baden-Baden Kälte- oder Wärmeaggregat
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
DE19526980A1 (de) 1995-07-25 1997-01-30 York Int Gmbh Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Luft
JP2001174109A (ja) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 冷媒回収装置および冷媒回収方法および冷凍サイクルの洗浄方法および冷凍サイクルの交換方法および冷凍サイクル装置
JP2004116885A (ja) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 冷凍空調サイクル装置の取り扱い方法、冷凍空調サイクル装置の冷媒回収機構
US20050097904A1 (en) 2003-11-07 2005-05-12 Alexander Lifson Refrigerant system with controlled refrigerant charge amount
WO2005066556A1 (fr) 2003-12-19 2005-07-21 Carrier Corporation Commande de pression de systeme de refrigeration pour un stockage et un transport
EP1666287A1 (fr) 2004-12-06 2006-06-07 Sanden Corporation Climatisation d'un véhicule comprenant un réservoir collecteur de fluide frigorigène
WO2009091405A1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Carrier Corporation Récipient sous pression pour réduire une pression élevée unitaire pendant le stockage et le transport
EP2921801A1 (fr) 2010-12-03 2015-09-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Procédé de remplacement de pièces pour appareil à cycle de réfrigération
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
EP3115714A1 (fr) 2014-03-07 2017-01-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de climatisation
DE102014112545A1 (de) * 2014-09-01 2016-03-03 Denso Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Kältemittelkreis-Kompaktaggregat für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MENLIKÖZCANARCAKLIOGLU: "Second Law Analysis of an Environmentally Friendly R290/R600/R600a Mixture in a Water-Cooled Heat Pump Unit", JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2014, pages 19 - 28, XP055655523

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