EP3657104A1 - Pièces moulées pour pompes à chaleur - Google Patents

Pièces moulées pour pompes à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3657104A1
EP3657104A1 EP19204999.7A EP19204999A EP3657104A1 EP 3657104 A1 EP3657104 A1 EP 3657104A1 EP 19204999 A EP19204999 A EP 19204999A EP 3657104 A1 EP3657104 A1 EP 3657104A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
shaped parts
molded parts
parts according
shaped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19204999.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Hans-Josef Spahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP3657104A1 publication Critical patent/EP3657104A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/13—Vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/221—Preventing leaks from developing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular conditions in working fluid circulations in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • Heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices are common in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel complexes, restaurants, combined residential and commercial buildings as well as commercial establishments in which people live and / or work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as automotive air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or also free-standing industrial plants or medical devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have long been known, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the best known working fluids at that time were flammable and toxic. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it was shown that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming and that their safety-related safety led to constructive inattentiveness. Up to 70% of sales was attributable to the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement.
  • the problems that arise with the safety design of such systems are discussed in the WO 2015/032905 A1 described vividly.
  • the lower ignition limit of propane as working fluid is approximately 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m 3 in air. If the cooling process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled room with the working fluid propane, there is the problem of recognizing a critical, explosive situation after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed room. Electrical sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to carry out explosion-proof, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves considerably increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also toxic; when inhaled above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m 3 , there are narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This affects people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the ground in calm air and accumulates there. If a part of the propane is collected in a low-flow zone of the closed room, in which the disturbed aggregate is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of total room volume to the amount of propane escaping.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating an electric current generator into the opening or locking of this space and, when actuated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and which in the event of an alarm Locking then does not release, but causes ventilation of the closed room and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle, which is operated with a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated after use.
  • zeolite also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, CuBTC are also proposed.
  • the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a molded part, a paint, a spray film or a coating.
  • the support structure of the molded part can consist of microstructure, lamella structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area. Circulation of the potentially contaminated air usually takes place continuously, but can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or in the event of a recognized accident.
  • the adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed room.
  • the EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is housed in an airtight housing lined with a binder.
  • An adsorption unit with forced ventilation which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode, can be arranged within this housing.
  • This air recirculation mode can be carried out continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals.
  • a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged downstream of this sorption stage, which burns any remaining combustible impurities.
  • a fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of cleaned exhaust air is also conceivable.
  • the DE 698 24 142 T2 describes an explosion prevention device for a refrigerator that uses a combustible coolant.
  • a mesh element is used as an explosion prevention device, the mesh size of which is equal to or smaller than an extinguishing distance for the combustible coolant used. This mesh element is placed over elements that could generate sparks. If propane or isobutane is used, the mesh size should be chosen to be equal to or smaller than 2 mm.
  • the US 2013/0284464 A1 proposes a similar network or grid, whereby in addition to the mesh size, the distance from the possible ignition source should also be in the same range as the mesh size.
  • metal grids, perforated grids, chain mail or metal nets are used. However, these can lead to unpleasant noises in vibrating systems and are difficult to fix permanently. In the event of a maintenance intervention, their removal is correspondingly complex and dangerous in the event of a malfunction.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device which ensures that the working fluid escaping in the event of a fault is either stored safely or is safely adsorbed or safely absorbed without an explosion-critical state being able to arise in the area in which the working fluid-carrying device is installed or used.
  • the invention solves this problem by means of molded parts which are introduced into the cavities in the housing of a heat pump and fill them so comprehensively that there is no such large empty volume at any point which at least requires an ignitable refrigerant-air mixture which occurs due to leakage for ignition.
  • the determining variable is the so-called “quenching distance”, which is the largest distance between two walls at which no explosive mixtures can still be ignited.
  • quenching distance For the working fluid propane, also known as R290, this extinguishing distance according to " Artur Gutkowski, Laminar Burning Velocity under Quenching Conditions for Propane-Air and Ethylene-Air Flames, January 2006, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242567175 "2 millimeters for a stoichiometric propane-air mixture, while the distance for non-stoichiometric mixtures can be significantly larger.
  • the permissible maximum distance is larger because the gas compositions are not stoichiometric. Nevertheless, for safety reasons, it is provided in the present case that there is no gap or cavity at any point in the housing which is greater than the extinguishing distance, based on a stoichiometric working fluid / air mixture.
  • molded parts that reproduce the contours of the individual installations and units of the heat pump in the housing in a stamp-matrix manner. In the places where the vibrations or small movements occur in the housing these moldings have soft, conformable surfaces, otherwise they are divided in such a way that they can be inserted one after the other into the interior of the housing and preferably inserted one into the other.
  • molded dome connectors are used for this.
  • the molded parts have tongue and groove connections.
  • the molded parts are shaped as textile pillows.
  • the molded parts have sections of Velcro strips with which they can be detachably connected to one another.
  • the molded parts are preferably made from adsorbents.
  • a non-combustible porous framework material e.g. made of zeolite can be used, which in a known manner with an adsorbent, e.g. Activated carbon, is impregnated.
  • a flexible material can also be used as the framework material, for example silicone foam, which is also impregnated.
  • fine-grained fillings can also be used, the gap volume of which is small.
  • These fillings can also consist of adsorbents.
  • fabric mats can also be introduced into the pillow-shaped molded parts.
  • the textile outer material of the pillow-shaped molded parts preferably consists of diffusion-open textile fabric in the mesh size range from 0.1 to 6 millimeters, depending on the granule size of the filled material.
  • the material of the textile fabric preferably consists of flame-retardant fibers that are temperature-stable up to 70 degrees Celsius from renewable raw materials.
  • adsorbents are used, they can be preloaded with an inert gas, which is displaced or desorbed by the working fluid.
  • the total loading capacity of the adsorbent introduced should be dimensioned in such a way that, if necessary, the entire emerging working fluid can be adsorbed.
  • the molded parts can also be designed so that the noise generated in the heat pump is insulated.
  • molded parts should be used, the natural vibration frequency of which corresponds to the main frequencies of the installed machines, especially the compressor.
  • Pillow-shaped moldings with sand-like fillings also provide considerable noise insulation.
  • Heat transfer fluids are to be understood here as all gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred, for example air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.
  • propane is used as the working fluid and activated carbon is used as the adsorbent.
  • the activated carbon can be doped in a known manner in such a way that optimal loading by propane takes place.
  • Fig. 1 typical molded parts and their arrangement.
  • Fig. 1 shows a scroll compressor 1 in a section of a housing.
  • the scroll compressor 1 is mounted on a vibration-damping foundation 2 with rubber feet 3, around the foundation is a flat molded part 4 with recesses for the rubber feet.
  • the distance up to the scroll compressor 1 is one millimeter.
  • the molded part 4 is shaped as a foamed body impregnated with activated carbon in accordance with the dimensions of the scroll compressor.
  • the ring-shaped molded part 5 is designed as a pillow and contains a dimensionally stable but flexible fabric. The two parts of the molded part 5 are connected to one another with Velcro.
  • ring-shaped molded part 6 the inner surface of which nestles softly against the scroll compressor 1 and the body of which is made of a rigid rigid foam, on the top of which a cushion with a filling of activated carbon particles and a diffusion-open fabric is attached.
  • This molded part 6 extends to the working fluid inlet 7 of the scroll compressor 1, which it touches from the underside with the soft surface of the filled cushion.
  • a further dimensionally stable molded part 8 which is equipped like the molded part 6 and which extends to the working fluid outlet 9, which it touches from the underside with the soft surface of the filled cushion.
  • the working fluid outlet 9, on the top of the scroll compressor is the molded part 10, which is formed from a cushion with a bed of activated carbon preloaded with inert gas.
  • the molded parts 6 and 8 are inserted into one another, the molded part 10 is fastened to the molded part 8 with Velcro. None of the molded parts is directly connected to the floor or the scroll compressor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
EP19204999.7A 2018-10-31 2019-10-24 Pièces moulées pour pompes à chaleur Pending EP3657104A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018127198.0A DE102018127198A1 (de) 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 Formteile für Wärmepumpen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3657104A1 true EP3657104A1 (fr) 2020-05-27

Family

ID=68342744

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19204999.7A Pending EP3657104A1 (fr) 2018-10-31 2019-10-24 Pièces moulées pour pompes à chaleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3657104A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018127198A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023137173A1 (fr) * 2022-01-14 2023-07-20 Rheem Manufacturing Company Structure de carénage

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE291806C (de) * 1915-03-05 1916-05-10 Spritz- U. Pressguss-Gesellschaft M. B. H. Preßgußform
DE3203799A1 (de) * 1982-02-04 1983-08-11 Küleg Kühlmöbelfabrik und Apparatebau GmbH, 6501 Heidesheim Expolsionsgeschuetzter kuehlschrank
EP0947782A1 (fr) * 1997-10-21 1999-10-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil de prevention d'explosion destine a des machines de refrigeration a fluide frigorigene inflammable
JP2000105003A (ja) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍機ユニット
JP2007132586A (ja) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 可燃性冷媒の処理装置
EP2295862A2 (fr) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-16 Vaillant GmbH Conduit combiné d'air de combustion et de fumées d'un appreil de chauffe
EP2498026A2 (fr) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-12 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés à éviter la condensation de l'humidité de l'air sur des conduites de saumure froides
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
US20130284464A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2013-10-31 Mary E. Koban Methods of reducing flame propogation in systems with a flammable refrigerant
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
EP2896897A1 (fr) * 2012-09-12 2015-07-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif à cycle de réfrigération
WO2015110120A1 (fr) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-30 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Pompe à chaleur
JP2015215162A (ja) * 2015-09-02 2015-12-03 三菱電機株式会社 冷凍サイクル装置
EP3106780A1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-12-21 Vaillant GmbH Installation de pompes a chaleur

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE291806C (de) * 1915-03-05 1916-05-10 Spritz- U. Pressguss-Gesellschaft M. B. H. Preßgußform
DE3203799A1 (de) * 1982-02-04 1983-08-11 Küleg Kühlmöbelfabrik und Apparatebau GmbH, 6501 Heidesheim Expolsionsgeschuetzter kuehlschrank
EP0947782A1 (fr) * 1997-10-21 1999-10-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil de prevention d'explosion destine a des machines de refrigeration a fluide frigorigene inflammable
DE69824142T2 (de) 1997-10-21 2005-05-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Vorrichtung zur vermeidung von explosionen für kühlmaschinen mit unbrennbarem kühlmittel
JP2000105003A (ja) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍機ユニット
JP2007132586A (ja) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 可燃性冷媒の処理装置
EP2295862A2 (fr) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-16 Vaillant GmbH Conduit combiné d'air de combustion et de fumées d'un appreil de chauffe
US20130284464A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2013-10-31 Mary E. Koban Methods of reducing flame propogation in systems with a flammable refrigerant
EP2498026A2 (fr) * 2011-03-09 2012-09-12 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés à éviter la condensation de l'humidité de l'air sur des conduites de saumure froides
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
EP2896897A1 (fr) * 2012-09-12 2015-07-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif à cycle de réfrigération
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
WO2015110120A1 (fr) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-30 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Pompe à chaleur
EP3106780A1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-12-21 Vaillant GmbH Installation de pompes a chaleur
JP2015215162A (ja) * 2015-09-02 2015-12-03 三菱電機株式会社 冷凍サイクル装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023137173A1 (fr) * 2022-01-14 2023-07-20 Rheem Manufacturing Company Structure de carénage

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Publication number Publication date
DE102018127198A1 (de) 2020-04-30

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