EP3748257B1 - Dispositif pour la performance sûre d'un procédé circulaire thermodynamique à rotation à gauche au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable avec adsorption de fluide - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la performance sûre d'un procédé circulaire thermodynamique à rotation à gauche au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable avec adsorption de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3748257B1
EP3748257B1 EP20171754.3A EP20171754A EP3748257B1 EP 3748257 B1 EP3748257 B1 EP 3748257B1 EP 20171754 A EP20171754 A EP 20171754A EP 3748257 B1 EP3748257 B1 EP 3748257B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
housing part
interspace
gas
adsorbent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP20171754.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3748257A1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Christof Krampe-Zadler
Hans-Josef Spahn
Thomas-Friedrich Szuder
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Priority to HRP20221496TT priority Critical patent/HRP20221496T1/hr
Publication of EP3748257A1 publication Critical patent/EP3748257A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular states in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is circulated in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • These are mainly heat pumps, air conditioning systems and refrigerators, as they are common in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are private houses, apartment building complexes, hospitals, hotel complexes, gastronomy and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as car air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or industrial systems or medical devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have been known for a long time, as have the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Aside from water, the most common working fluids of the time were flammable and toxic. In the last century they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it turned out that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming, and that their safety-related harmlessness led to design carelessness. Up to 70% of the turnover was accounted for by the need to refill leaking systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was felt to be economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement purchases.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the floor in still air and accumulates there, but after a certain time it mixes with the room air, which also depends on the leakage rate and room height. If part of the propane collects under very unfavorable conditions in a low-flow zone of the closed room in which the malfunctioning unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much more quickly than would be expected from the quotient of the total room volume to the amount of propane that has escaped.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by a generator for electric power in the opening or locking this space is integrated and when it is actuated in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and in the event of an alarm, the Locking then does not release, but causes the closed room to be ventilated, and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle process, which is operated with a process fluid, that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and/or flammable substance.
  • a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and/or flammable substance.
  • an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated after use.
  • Zeolite also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, and also CuBTC are proposed as adsorbents; the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, a spray film or a coating.
  • the support structure of the shaped body can consist of a microstructure, lamellar structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area.
  • the potentially contaminated air is usually circulated continuously, but it can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or if an accident is detected.
  • the adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed space.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing, which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space connecting the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet is provided, and the space is filled with a refrigerant-sorbing substance.
  • the amount of sorbing substance is dimensioned in such a way that the entire amount of refrigerant that may escape can be absorbed and kept away from the environment.
  • the space filled with the sorbing substance is open to the environment. For heavier-than-air refrigerants, the space is open at the bottom, for lighter-than-air ones, it is open at the top, so a conveying fan is not required.
  • the sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely encloses the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying equipment. Baffles are provided on its way out to prevent shunt flows and force escaping gas through the sorbent. Also one double-walled embodiment, in which the sorbent is arranged in the double jacket, is possible.
  • a measuring device for refrigerant can be provided at the outlet of the space filled with the sorbing substance to the environment.
  • the EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system housed in an airtight enclosure lined with a binder.
  • An adsorption unit with forced ventilation can be arranged within this housing, which cleans the air in the housing in the air recirculation mode.
  • This air recirculation mode can take place continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals.
  • An ignition burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged downstream of this sorption stage, which burns any remaining combustible impurities.
  • a supply of fresh air in connection with the discharge of cleaned exhaust air is also conceivable.
  • a binder be it an adsorbent or a chemical binder
  • a binder should be able to absorb all of the working fluid even at low partial pressures. This is best done in a slow flow through a finely distributed medium.
  • a large quantity of working fluid is released under high pressure in a very short time, which suddenly puts the mostly pressure-tight housing under pressure. Tests resulted in peak pressure values of up to 25 hPa, which would lead to deformation of typical designs and the subsequent escape of working fluid.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved device which better solves the problems presented, including the conflicting objectives, and no longer has the disadvantages.
  • a Clausius-Rankine process which is operated with R290, serves as a left-handed cyclic process.
  • the adsorbent activated carbon is preferably used as the binder. All gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred are to be understood here as heat transfer fluids, ie air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.
  • the nesting of the two housing parts can be done in different ways.
  • the outer housing part can be fitted onto the lower, inner housing part from above, with the underside of the outer housing part being completely open.
  • the aggregates of the cyclic process are then all arranged in the inner housing part and the connections are made below and do not pierce the outer housing part.
  • the outer housing part can also be arranged below and form a kind of trough for the inner housing part, with the inner housing part being placed on top.
  • the aggregates of the cyclic process are then all arranged in the outer housing part, the connections are made below and do not pierce the inner housing part.
  • the outer housing part can also be pushed laterally over the inner housing part.
  • one housing part is always fixed and the other is movable along an axis, with this movement being guided by suitable mounting in order to prevent tilting. If an overpressure event occurs, the overpressure causes the movable housing part to move due to this pressure and opens the way to the gap between the two housing parts.
  • An adsorbent is arranged in this intermediate space, which is preferably a bed with low flow resistance.
  • rounded channels and flow straighteners are preferably provided so that a homogeneous gas flow is created.
  • a limit stop is preferably provided in order to limit the movement of the movable housing part.
  • the movable housing part is mounted on a shaped body or a bed of adsorbent which, in the event of small leaks, causes the working fluid that has escaped to be bound without the gas path into the intermediate space being opened up. In this way, there is a different treatment of occasional small and very rare large leakage events.
  • the intermediate space between the two housing parts is provided on 4 sides.
  • a high flow cross section can be achieved with a large smoothing effect.
  • the pressure at which the gas path should open into the intermediate space can be defined by the weight of the moving housing part. However, if this does not fit, springs can compensate for the required difference.
  • elements such as retaining screens, bases and assembly aids or the like can also be used in the usual way and the two housing parts can also have covers, removable side parts, service openings, safety valves and the like for assembly purposes.
  • Fig. 1a shows a first embodiment variant in the closed state using a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing, which is formed from an inner housing part 6 and an outer housing part 11.
  • the inner housing part 6 is open at the bottom and closed at the top, while the outer housing part 11 is open at the top and closed at the bottom.
  • the inner housing part 6 rests in the outer housing part 11 like a trough.
  • the housing has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10.
  • the refrigeration circuit 1 is filled with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also known under the designation R290. operated.
  • Fig. 1b shows the first variant in the open state after a sudden significant leakage event.
  • the pressure inside the inner housing part 6 increases so quickly that the adsorbent layer cannot absorb the escaping working fluid quickly enough. Due to the increase in pressure, the inner housing part 6 is lifted until the inner pressure and the weight of the inner housing part 6 are in equilibrium.
  • the gas which consists of a mixture of working fluid and air, enters the intermediate space 12 through the passage opening 14 at the bottom. where it is directed upwards through another adsorption layer, which offers only a very low flow resistance. Most of the working fluid is adsorbed therein. A small residual flow exits through the passage opening 15 into the environment. After the end of the overpressure event, the inner housing part 6 moves back into its starting position. The loaded adsorbent is then professionally removed.
  • Figure 2a shows an alternative embodiment in the closed state, the main difference from the first variant being that the inner housing part 6 is not inserted in the outer housing part 11 like in a trough, but that the outer housing part 11 is arranged over the inner housing part 6 like a hat. Otherwise the structure is analogous.
  • Figure 2b shows the alternative embodiment in the open state.
  • the outer housing part is lifted by the resulting overpressure and releases a passage opening 14 which, in contrast to the first embodiment variant, is arranged at the top. Due to the increase in pressure, the outer housing part 11 is lifted until the internal pressure and the weight of the housing part 11 are in equilibrium.
  • the gas which consists of a mixture of working fluid and air, enters the intermediate space 12 through the through-opening 14 at the top, where it is passed downwards through another adsorption layer, which offers only a very low flow resistance. Most of the working fluid is adsorbed therein. A small residual flow exits through the passage opening 15 into the environment. After the end of the overpressure event, the outer housing part 11 moves back to its starting position. The loaded adsorbent is then professionally removed.
  • the outer housing part 11 encloses the inner housing part 6 and forms a circumferential space 12 in which the adsorbent is placed.
  • the adsorbent is preferably attached in a detachable manner to the non-moving housing part.
  • the circumferential intermediate space can also be formed from a number of compartments, for example one on each of the outsides, which makes it easier to detach them after loading.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif de réalisation sûre d'un processus circulaire thermodynamique à rotation à gauche (1) au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable, qui est conduit dans un circuit de fluide de travail fermé et hermétiquement étanche, présentant :
    - le circuit de fluide de travail fermé avec le fluide de travail inflammable, avec au moins un compresseur (2) pour du fluide de travail,
    au moins un expanseur (4) pour du fluide de travail, et
    au moins deux échangeurs de chaleur (3, 5) pour du fluide de travail, chacun avec au moins deux raccords (7, 8, 9, 10) pour des fluides caloporteurs ; et
    - un boîtier fermé, composé d'une partie de boîtier externe (11) et d'une partie de boîtier interne (6), qui comprend tous les appareils connectés au circuit de fluide de travail fermé, et
    peut comprendre des appareils supplémentaires, dans lequel
    le boîtier est formé d'un agencement de deux parties de boîtier emboîtées l'une dans l'autre, dans lequel la partie de boîtier interne (6) est au moins partiellement entourée par la partie de boîtier externe (11),
    un espace intermédiaire (12) est formé sur plusieurs côtés entre les deux parties de boîtier, et
    cet espace intermédiaire (12) est rempli d'un liant pour du fluide de travail à une capacité, avec laquelle le fluide de travail s'échappant peut être complètement absorbé,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - les deux parties de boîtier présentent chacune cinq côtés fermés et un côté ouvert au gaz,
    - les côtés respectifs ouverts au gaz sont agencés sur des côtés opposés des parties de boîtier emboîtées (6, 11),
    - un passage pour du gaz est prévu sur le côté ouvert de la partie de boîtier interne et la partie de boîtier externe,
    - l'espace intermédiaire (12) ne peut être traversé qu'en cas de surpression survenant à l'intérieur de la partie de boîtier interne (6), la surpression provoquant un éloignement mutuel parallèle de la partie de boîtier externe (11) par rapport à la partie de boîtier interne (6), de sorte qu'une ouverture de passage (14) est ouverte par la partie de boîtier interne (6) dans l'espace intermédiaire (12) pour du gaz, et
    - l'espace intermédiaire (12) et l'ouverture de passage (14) sont réalisés de manière fluidique de telle manière que la résistance à l'écoulement qui se produit lors d'un écoulement est la même partout.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le liant est un adsorbant, de préférence à base de charbon actif, et le fluide de travail est du R290.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie de boîtier mobile est montée sur un corps façonné ou un lit d'adsorbant.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'espace intermédiaire (12) entre les deux parties de boîtier (6, 11) est prévu sur 4 côtés.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la perte de pression qui se produit dans l'espace intermédiaire (12) lors d'une traversée est limitée à un maximum de 2,5 hPa.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une section transversale d'écoulement libre entrant dans l'espace intermédiaire (12) est comprise entre 0,008 et 0,068 m2 par kg de fluide de travail.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un rapport entre la section transversale d'écoulement libre entrant dans l'espace intermédiaire (12) et la section transversale d'écoulement libre sortant à partir de l'espace intermédiaire est compris entre 0,35 et 2,41.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'espace intermédiaire (12) n'est pas ouvert à des flux de gaz à l'état non pressurisé.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le charbon actif est utilisé comme lit d'adsorbant sous forme de pastilles, granules et/ou billes d'un diamètre allant de 0,5 à 10 millimètres et d'un rapport longueur sur diamètre de 1 à 20.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le charbon actif est dopé de manière à ce qu'à température normale, le taux d'adsorption soit compris entre 0,025 et 0,4 kg de fluide de travail par kg d'adsorbant.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2, 3, 9 et 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la longueur d'usage de l'adsorbant agencé dans l'espace intermédiaire (12) est comprise entre 0,01 et 1,08 mètre par kg de fluide de travail.
EP20171754.3A 2019-06-03 2020-04-28 Dispositif pour la performance sûre d'un procédé circulaire thermodynamique à rotation à gauche au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable avec adsorption de fluide Active EP3748257B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HRP20221496TT HRP20221496T1 (hr) 2019-06-03 2020-04-28 Uređaj za sigurno provođenje lijevokretnog termodinamičkog kružnog procesa uz pomoć zapaljivog radnog fluida uz upotrebu adsorpcije fluida

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019114744.1A DE102019114744A1 (de) 2019-06-03 2019-06-03 Fluidadsorption

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3748257A1 EP3748257A1 (fr) 2020-12-09
EP3748257B1 true EP3748257B1 (fr) 2022-10-19

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EP20171754.3A Active EP3748257B1 (fr) 2019-06-03 2020-04-28 Dispositif pour la performance sûre d'un procédé circulaire thermodynamique à rotation à gauche au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable avec adsorption de fluide

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3748257B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019114744A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3748257T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2933612T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI3748257T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20221496T1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3748257T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4382192A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-12 Vaillant GmbH Partitionnement d'adsorbant
EP4382193A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-12 Vaillant GmbH Dispositif d'adsorption

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022100269A1 (de) 2022-01-07 2023-07-13 Vaillant Gmbh Katalytische Abluftbehandlung für eine Wärmepumpe

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE553295C (de) 1931-02-03 1932-06-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gekapselte Kompressionskaeltemaschine
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
DE10352957B3 (de) * 2003-11-13 2005-02-03 Audi Ag Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
EP3106780B1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2017-11-22 Vaillant GmbH Installation de pompes à chaleur
DE102017126947A1 (de) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-16 Vaillant Gmbh Fluidadsorption mit Inertgasverdrängung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4382192A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-12 Vaillant GmbH Partitionnement d'adsorbant
EP4382193A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-12 Vaillant GmbH Dispositif d'adsorption

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI3748257T3 (en) 2023-01-13
ES2933612T3 (es) 2023-02-10
DK3748257T3 (da) 2022-12-19
HRP20221496T1 (hr) 2023-02-17
DE102019114744A1 (de) 2020-12-03
EP3748257A1 (fr) 2020-12-09
PL3748257T3 (pl) 2023-01-30

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