EP3543629B1 - Boîtier étanche aux fuites pour un processus cyclique - Google Patents

Boîtier étanche aux fuites pour un processus cyclique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3543629B1
EP3543629B1 EP19159310.2A EP19159310A EP3543629B1 EP 3543629 B1 EP3543629 B1 EP 3543629B1 EP 19159310 A EP19159310 A EP 19159310A EP 3543629 B1 EP3543629 B1 EP 3543629B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
housing
pressure
closed
tight
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP19159310.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3543629A1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Hans-Josef Spahn
Thomas-Friedrich Szuder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular conditions in working fluid circulation, in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is guided in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • These are primarily heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices that are commonly used in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are understood to be private houses, rental house complexes, hospitals, hotels, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as vehicle air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or even industrial facilities or medical devices. What these cycles have in common is that they use energy to generate useful heat or cold and form heat displacement systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have been known for a long time, as have the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Aside from water, the most well-known working fluids at the time were flammable and toxic. In the last century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants made from fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it turned out that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming, and that their safety-related harmlessness led to design carelessness. Up to 70% of sales were attributable to the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which were accepted as long as this was perceived to be economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement procurement.
  • the problems that arise in the safety design of such systems are discussed in the WO 2015/032905 A1 clearly described.
  • the lower ignition limit of propane as a working fluid is approximately 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g/m 3 in air. If the cooling process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled space with the working fluid propane, the problem arises of detecting a critical, explosive situation after a malfunction in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed space.
  • Electrical sensors for detecting critical concentrations are difficult to design in an explosion-proof manner, which is why propane detection by the sensors themselves significantly increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors.
  • Propane is also toxic; inhalation above a concentration of approx. 2 g/m 3 causes narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This applies to people who are supposed to solve an identified problem on site before the risk of explosion arises.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the ground in still air and accumulates there. If some of the propane collects in a low-flow zone of the enclosed space in which the faulty unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than would be expected from the quotient of the total volume of the room to the amount of propane that has escaped.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating a generator for electrical current into the opening or its locking of this room and, when activated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated and which in the event of an alarm The lock then does not release, but rather causes the locked room to be ventilated, and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE-PS 553 295 describes an encapsulated compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1, its drive motor 2, evaporator 3, condenser 4 and control valve 5 are enclosed in a double-walled capsule 6 or 7. A negative pressure is created in the space between the double-walled capsule and leaks that could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine are sucked out. The extracted working fluid can then be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air within the encapsulated space and cannot penetrate into the encapsulated interior due to the negative pressure in the double jacket.
  • the DE 41 14 529 A1 describes a safety device for a refrigeration system filled with a dangerous medium, which consists of at least one complete refrigeration unit that includes a refrigerant circuit with an evaporator, compressor and condenser, as well as a drive motor.
  • the system is enclosed in a gas-tight manner, whereby the enclosure is designed according to the maximum pressure technically possible in the event of a fault, and the connections for the refrigerant, a coolant and electrical supply, monitoring and control lines are led out of the enclosure in a pressure-tight manner.
  • An expansion tank may be connected.
  • the EP 1 666 287 describes a vehicle air conditioning system with a collecting container for the refrigerant, which is connected to a gas-liquid separator via an externally controllable valve.
  • a pressure detection device By means of a pressure detection device, the valve can be closed when the detected pressure becomes equal to a predetermined pressure.
  • the signal to open the valve can be provided by leakage detection.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a simple, easy-to-assemble and maintenance-free device for heating or air conditioning, which solves the problems presented better and no longer has the disadvantages.
  • the invention solves this problem by a device for the safe implementation of a left-hand thermodynamic Clausius-Rankine cycle and its safe emptying and filling by means of a flammable working fluid, which is guided in a closed, hermetically sealed working fluid circulation (1), having at least one compressor (2 ) for working fluid, at least one expansion device (4) for working fluid, at least two heat exchangers (3, 5) for working fluid, each with at least two connections (7, 8, 9, 10) for heat transfer fluids, a closed, gas-tight and pressure-resistant housing (6) , - which includes all devices connected to the closed working fluid circulation (1) as well as pressure-tight connections, also for electrical signal lines and electrical power supply to the outside of the housing, the housing (6) has at least one connection for adjusting the internal pressure, inside the housing (6) Pressure and temperature measuring devices are provided.
  • the housing is designed according to the maximum pressure technically possible in the event of an accident and is tubular. According to the invention, the housing is under Vacuum is maintained and the length-to-di
  • pressure-resistant pipes are comparatively light and can be well sealed with flange connections at the ends using known means.
  • a stainless steel pipe designed for 50 bar with a wall thickness of 4 millimeters and a diameter of 0.2 meters only weighs around 22 kg per running meter. Even with built-ins, such a device with a length of 1 meter to 1.60 meters can be easily transported and set up up stairs by two people. In one embodiment of the invention it is therefore provided that the length-to-diameter ratio is between 5 and 8.
  • U-tube heat exchanger bundles are preferably used here, in which the heat transfer fluids are guided, while the evaporation and condensation processes take place in the external space, which is preferably designed in the shape of a pot. This arrangement also prevents filling and emptying.
  • a safety valve can be provided which leads into a pipe whose outlet leads to the outside.
  • a pipe can have a small diameter, for example 10 or 12 millimeters, which allows it to be installed in a disused chimney.
  • a vacuum is created in the interior to prevent an ignitable mixture from forming in the event of a leak.
  • a leak can also be detected by an increase in pressure.
  • the design can also be similar to filter cartridges, which are simply replaced at regular intervals instead of on-site maintenance and, like a deposit system, taken to a collection point for processing can be submitted.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a working fluid circulation 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10.
  • the working fluid circulation 1 is in this example with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also known as R290. No fittings such as shut-off devices are shown; the specialist will of course provide these and non-return protection devices.
  • the device can be emptied into the open 14 via the emergency extractor 11, the safety valve 12 and the check valve 13.
  • the temperature and pressure control can be done using the pressure/temperature measurement 16.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Dispositif de mise en oeuvre sûre d'un processus thermodynamique en boucle de Clausius-Rankine tournant à gauche ainsi que son vidage et remplissage sûrs au moyen d'un fluide de travail inflammable, lequel est guidé dans un circuit de fluide de travail (1) fermé et hermétiquement étanche, présentant
    - au moins un compresseur (2) pour fluide de travail,
    - au moins un dispositif de détente (4) pour fluide de travail,
    - au moins deux échangeurs de chaleur (3, 5) pour fluide de travail avec respectivement au moins deux raccords (7, 8, 9, 10) pour fluides d'échangeur de chaleur,
    - un boîtier (6) fermé, étanche aux gaz, tubulaire et résistant à la pression
    - lequel comprend tous les dispositifs raccordés au circuit de fluide de travail (1) ainsi que des raccords étanches à la pression, également pour des câbles de signaux électriques et l'alimentation de courant électrique vers l'extérieur du boîtier,
    - le boîtier (6) dispose d'au moins un raccord pour régler la pression interne,
    - des dispositifs de mesure de pression et de température sont prévus à l'intérieur du boîtier (6).
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le boîtier est conçu pour la pression maximale techniquement possible en cas d'anomalie, le boîtier est maintenu sous vide et le rapport longueur-diamètre du boîtier tubulaire est d'au moins 3.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport longueur-diamètre est entre 5 et 8.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les échangeurs de chaleur pour le fluide de travail présentent une forme de pot avec des faisceaux tubulaires en forme de U.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une évacuation avec une soupape de sécurité est prévue.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le fluide de travail est du propane.
EP19159310.2A 2018-03-22 2019-02-26 Boîtier étanche aux fuites pour un processus cyclique Active EP3543629B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018106755.0A DE102018106755A1 (de) 2018-03-22 2018-03-22 Leckagedichtes Gehäuse für einen Kreisprozess

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3543629A1 EP3543629A1 (fr) 2019-09-25
EP3543629B1 true EP3543629B1 (fr) 2023-10-25

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ID=65598481

Family Applications (1)

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EP19159310.2A Active EP3543629B1 (fr) 2018-03-22 2019-02-26 Boîtier étanche aux fuites pour un processus cyclique

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EP (1) EP3543629B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018106755A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019001719A1 (de) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-17 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Haustechnikgerrät und luftdichte Kabeldurchführung
DE102019123044A1 (de) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-04 Vaillant Gmbh Leckagedetektion
DE102022123440A1 (de) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-14 Vaillant Gmbh Serviceanschluss für ein Wärmepumpengehäuse

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE553295C (de) 1931-02-03 1932-06-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gekapselte Kompressionskaeltemaschine
DE4114529A1 (de) 1991-05-03 1993-02-11 Aero Tech Klima Kaelte Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer eine kaeltetechnische anlage
DE9106051U1 (de) * 1991-05-16 1991-12-05 RAUM-KLIMA Technologie-GMBH., 7570 Baden-Baden Kälte- oder Wärmeaggregat
JP2006162122A (ja) 2004-12-06 2006-06-22 Sanden Corp 車両用空調装置
DE102012112347B4 (de) * 2012-12-14 2014-10-02 Thomas Hahn Wärme- und Kältebereitstellungsvorrichtung
DE102013106412A1 (de) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 Thomas Hahn Wärme- und Kältebereitstellungsvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
DE102014112545B4 (de) * 2014-09-01 2022-06-02 Denso Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Kompaktaggregat für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Notfallbehandlung einer Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage

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Publication number Publication date
EP3543629A1 (fr) 2019-09-25
DE102018106755A1 (de) 2019-09-26

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