EP3581861A2 - Sorption du fluide - Google Patents

Sorption du fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3581861A2
EP3581861A2 EP19167250.0A EP19167250A EP3581861A2 EP 3581861 A2 EP3581861 A2 EP 3581861A2 EP 19167250 A EP19167250 A EP 19167250A EP 3581861 A2 EP3581861 A2 EP 3581861A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
adsorbent
sorption
pressure
closed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19167250.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3581861A3 (fr
EP3581861B1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Hans-Josef Spahn
Christof Krampe-Zadler
Thomas-Friedrich Szuder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Priority to PL19167250T priority Critical patent/PL3581861T3/pl
Publication of EP3581861A2 publication Critical patent/EP3581861A2/fr
Publication of EP3581861A3 publication Critical patent/EP3581861A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3581861B1 publication Critical patent/EP3581861B1/fr
Priority to HRP20210836TT priority patent/HRP20210836T1/hr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular conditions in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • Heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices are common in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel complexes, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as automotive air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or also industrial plants or medical technology devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have long been known, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the best known working fluids at that time were flammable and toxic. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it was shown that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming and that their safety-related safety led to constructive inattentiveness. Up to 70% of sales was attributable to the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement.
  • the problems that arise with the safety design of such systems are discussed in the WO 2015/032905 A1 described vividly.
  • the lower ignition limit of propane as working fluid is approximately 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m 3 in air. If the cooling process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled room with the working fluid propane, there is the problem of recognizing a critical, explosive situation after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed room. Electrical sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to carry out explosion-proof, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves considerably increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors. Propane is also toxic; when inhaled above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m 3 , there are narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This affects people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the ground in calm air and accumulates there. If a part of the propane is collected in a low-flow zone of the enclosed space in which the faulty unit is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of the total volume of space to the amount of propane escaped.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating an electric current generator into the opening or locking of this space and, when actuated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated, and which in the event of an alarm Locking then does not release, but causes ventilation of the closed room and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE-PS 553 295 describes an encapsulated compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1, its drive motor 2, evaporator 3, condenser 4 and control valve 5 are enclosed in a double-walled capsule 6 and 7, respectively. A vacuum is created in the space between the double-walled capsule and any leaks that could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine are extracted. The extracted working fluid can then be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air inside the encapsulated room and, due to the negative pressure in the double jacket, it cannot penetrate into the encapsulated interior.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle, which is operated with a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated after use.
  • zeolite also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, CuBTC are also proposed.
  • the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, one Spray film or a coating.
  • the support structure of the molded body can consist of microstructure, lamella structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area. Circulation of the potentially contaminated air usually takes place continuously, but can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or in the event of a recognized accident.
  • the adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed room.
  • the DE 195 26 980 A1 describes a device and a method for cleaning air in closed rooms which have a gaseous contamination. After the contamination has been detected by a gas sensor, the latter controls a compressor which directs the air through an absorber located in this room, as a result of which the contamination is absorbed. The cleaned air leaves the absorber in the closed room.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing, which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space is provided that connects the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet, and the space is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant.
  • the amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any refrigerant escaping can be absorbed and kept away from the environment.
  • the space filled with the sorbent material is open to the surroundings. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the space is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a delivery fan is not required.
  • the sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely surrounds the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. On its way out, baffles are provided that prevent short circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent.
  • a measuring device for refrigerants can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent to the surroundings.
  • the EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is housed in an airtight housing lined with a binder.
  • An adsorption unit with forced ventilation which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode, can be arranged within this housing.
  • This air recirculation mode can be carried out continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals.
  • a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged downstream of this sorption stage, which burns any remaining combustible impurities.
  • a fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of cleaned exhaust air is also conceivable.
  • heat transfer fluids are to be understood as all gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred, for example air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.
  • an external connection is provided in the pressure-tight housing, with which a further external container is connected directly.
  • a defined connection can be made in a positive manner with a flange or a secured plug-and-fit connection and it must be well sealed.
  • the device can be located in the bottom, in the lid, in the side walls or in the front or rear wall. No separate shut-off valves are required. However, it makes sense to provide a closure which immediately closes the connection both in the further external container and in the pressure-tight housing during disassembly in order to prevent outgassing, if necessary.
  • a safety device for draining working fluid into the interior of the pressure-tight container is provided in the working fluid circulation.
  • at least one connection to a working fluid outlet to one of the further sorption devices is led from this safety device for draining working fluid, so that the working fluid is led directly into the sorption device.
  • two service valves are provided in the pressure-tight housing, one of which is connected to the working fluid circuit and the other leads out of the pressure-tight housing.
  • a service interface, a safety drain function for working fluid and a working fluid outlet with an oil collecting element can also be arranged between the two service valves.
  • propane is used as the working fluid and activated carbon is used as the adsorbent.
  • the activated carbon can be doped in a known manner in such a way that optimal loading by propane takes place.
  • the lining is preferably carried out by dimensionally stable mats or moldings which contain the adsorbent and which can be removed and removed in a simple manner after opening the housing. They are typically permeable to gas and liquid on the side facing the inside of the container through a holding grid, while the dimensional stability is ensured by a stable rear-side structure. On the back, the mats or moldings are fixed in a known manner by hooks or click closures.
  • the lining is dimensioned so that leakage-related working fluid concentrations are collected and adsorbed.
  • Further configurations of the invention relate to the further sorption devices.
  • These further sorption devices are dimensioned such that they are able to take up the entire working fluid used in the working fluid circulation. It is provided here that the further sorption devices consist of dimensionally stable mats made of activated carbon fabric. Alternatively, it is provided that dimensionally stable honeycomb bodies made of activated carbon are used. Flexible cushions can also be used which contain a bed of activated carbon or which are woven or felted with adsorbent fibers.
  • the further sorption devices can also be composed modularly from various of these embodiments. With such a combination of molded bodies and pillows, the entire interior of the housing can be filled so completely that only such a small volume of air remains that the ignition of an ignitable mixture is not only due to the concentrations, but also due to the small remaining air volume and the volume therein contained small amounts of oxygen can be excluded.
  • the free air volume inside the container thus remains well below the critical limit of 10 liters, above which there is no risk of explosion. It can be reduced to less than one liter of free air volume.
  • molded cushions and molded bodies are enclosed in closable films which are opened during assembly and stripped down to the side open to the direction of disassembly, but are attached to the respective molded cushion or molded body on this last side are.
  • the films are slipped over the respective molded pillow or molded body like a bag and closed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10.
  • the cooling circuit 1 is in this example with the flammable working fluid propane, which also under the designation R290 is known operated. Propane is heavier than air, so if there is a leak in refrigeration circuit 1, it tends to sink downwards in housing 6. Due to temperature differences in the housing and corresponding convection, leakage-related propane can also be found in the interior of the housing.
  • This housing 6 is therefore completely lined with the adsorptive lining 11.
  • the lining 11 consists of several individual parts that directly adjoin each other. They can, but do not have to have the same wall thickness everywhere, for example the top can be significantly thinner than the bottom.
  • Fig. 1 a safety refrigerant discharge device 12 and an outlet with oil collecting element 13 into the further sorption bed designed as a molded body 14.
  • Further shaped bodies 14 are indicated schematically, they are adapted to the geometrical shapes of the refrigeration circuit devices.
  • Fig. 2 shows a refrigeration circuit with a lining and further sorption devices.
  • these further sorption devices are an external container filled with activated carbon and a large number of shaped bodies and shaped cushions 14. If a leakage occurs in the refrigeration circuit 1, the shaped bodies 14 absorb the refrigerant. If a greater loss is found, the remaining refrigerant of the working group 1 can be filled into the container 17 filled with activated carbon via the service valves 15 and along the service interface 16, the safety refrigerant drain device 12 and the outlet with the oil collecting element 13.
  • Fig. 3 shows a refrigeration circuit with a lining and other sorption devices.
  • These further sorption devices are an external container 19 filled with adsorbent under the bottom of the housing 6, which is connected to the container 6 via a connection 18, and a multiplicity of shaped bodies and shaped cushions 14. If a leakage occurs in the cooling circuit 1, the shaped bodies take 14 the refrigerant. Will be a bigger loss determined, the remaining refrigerant of the working group 1 can be drained into the container 6 via the safety refrigerant drain device 12 and the outlet with the oil collecting element 13 and the refrigerant is completely absorbed by the adsorbent in the adsorbent container 19. Sealing elements 20 are required so that no working fluid can escape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
EP19167250.0A 2018-04-23 2019-04-04 Sorption du fluide Active EP3581861B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL19167250T PL3581861T3 (pl) 2018-04-23 2019-04-04 Sorpcja płynów
HRP20210836TT HRP20210836T1 (hr) 2018-04-23 2021-05-24 Apsorpcija tekućine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018109646.1A DE102018109646A1 (de) 2018-04-23 2018-04-23 Fluidsorption

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3581861A2 true EP3581861A2 (fr) 2019-12-18
EP3581861A3 EP3581861A3 (fr) 2020-03-11
EP3581861B1 EP3581861B1 (fr) 2021-04-28

Family

ID=66092142

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19167250.0A Active EP3581861B1 (fr) 2018-04-23 2019-04-04 Sorption du fluide

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3581861B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018109646A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3581861T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2874925T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20210836T1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3581861T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3581861T (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3683518A1 (fr) * 2019-01-21 2020-07-22 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Appareil thermotechnique
EP4209728A1 (fr) 2022-01-07 2023-07-12 Vaillant GmbH Pompe à chaleur avec adsorbeur et catalyseur
EP4382193A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-12 Vaillant GmbH Dispositif d'adsorption
EP4417892A1 (fr) * 2023-02-15 2024-08-21 Vaillant GmbH Drain de condensat pour appareil de chauffage, boîtier d'appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019118984A1 (de) * 2019-02-06 2020-10-08 Vaillant Gmbh Diffusionssperre mittels Schutzschichten
DE102020120615A1 (de) * 2020-08-05 2022-02-10 Vaillant Gmbh Aktive Abluftbehandlung für eine Wärmepumpe
DE102021214715A1 (de) 2021-12-20 2023-06-22 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Wärmepumpenvorrichtung und Auffangeinheit für die Wärmepumpenvorrichtung

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DE553295C (de) 1931-02-03 1932-06-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gekapselte Kompressionskaeltemaschine
DE3841487A1 (de) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-13 Integral Technologie Gmbh Kaeltemaschine
US5165247A (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-11-24 Rocky Research Refrigerant recycling system
DE9106051U1 (de) * 1991-05-16 1991-12-05 RAUM-KLIMA Technologie-GMBH., 7570 Baden-Baden Kälte- oder Wärmeaggregat
DE4315924A1 (de) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-17 Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet Kälteträger für Kältemaschinen oder Wärmepumpen
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
DE19526980A1 (de) 1995-07-25 1997-01-30 York Int Gmbh Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Luft
US5586443A (en) * 1995-09-20 1996-12-24 Conair Corporation Refrigerant conservation system and method
EP1014015A4 (fr) * 1998-06-11 2001-03-14 Sanyo Electric Co Dispositif collecteur de fluide frigorigene, procede de collecte de liquide frigorigene, refrigerateur muni de ce dispositif, procede de regulation de liquide frigorigene dans un circuit de liquide frigorigene ou bien dispositif et procede de regeneration pour dispositif collecteur de liquide frigor
US8722854B2 (en) * 2010-12-23 2014-05-13 Medskin Solutions Dr. Suwelack Ag Degradation-stabilised, biocompatible collagen matrices
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
WO2015032905A1 (fr) 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Holger König Procédé permettant d'empêcher une fuite d'un contenant et contenant pourvu d'un dispositif anti-fuite
DE102014112545B4 (de) * 2014-09-01 2022-06-02 Denso Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Kompaktaggregat für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Notfallbehandlung einer Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage
DK3106780T3 (en) 2015-06-17 2018-02-26 Vaillant Gmbh HEAT PUMP SYSTEM

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3683518A1 (fr) * 2019-01-21 2020-07-22 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Appareil thermotechnique
EP4209728A1 (fr) 2022-01-07 2023-07-12 Vaillant GmbH Pompe à chaleur avec adsorbeur et catalyseur
EP4382193A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-12 Vaillant GmbH Dispositif d'adsorption
EP4417892A1 (fr) * 2023-02-15 2024-08-21 Vaillant GmbH Drain de condensat pour appareil de chauffage, boîtier d'appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT3581861T (pt) 2021-06-01
PL3581861T3 (pl) 2021-09-20
ES2874925T3 (es) 2021-11-05
EP3581861A3 (fr) 2020-03-11
DK3581861T3 (da) 2021-05-25
EP3581861B1 (fr) 2021-04-28
HRP20210836T1 (hr) 2021-10-15
DE102018109646A1 (de) 2019-10-24

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