Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
  • B01D69/085—Details relating to the spinneret
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
  • B01D61/243—Dialysis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
  • B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
  • B01D69/088—Co-extrusion; Co-spinning
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
  • D01D4/06—Distributing spinning solution or melt to spinning nozzles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
  • B01D2323/42—Details of membrane preparation apparatus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
  • B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a spinneret for extruding a hollow fiber from one or more spinning masses, in particular for extruding a hollow fiber membrane from one or more spinning masses, the spinneret for each to be extruded dope an inlet opening for introducing the dope into the spinneret, at least one outlet opening for discharging one or more spinning masses along an exit axis from the spinneret and at least one spinning mass flow channel for directing at least one dope to be extruded from the associated entry port to the associated exit port, wherein at least one dope flow passage has a flow control section with an inlet and an outlet, the flow control section Influencing at least one of the spinning mass flow channel flowing through dope between the inlet and outlet of the flow influencing section a st wherein the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow influencing section is designed to influence the spinning mass flow in such a way that the spinning mass flowing through the spinning mass flow channel flows through the spinning mass flow channel at least partially along at least two different flow paths
• the invention further relates to an apparatus for extruding a multiplicity of hollow fibers or hollow-fiber membranes from one or more spinning masses, the apparatus having a spinneret for each hollow fiber or hollow-fiber membrane to be extruded.
• the invention relates to a process for the extrusion of a hollow fiber or a hollow-fiber membrane from one or more spinning masses by means of a spinneret. Furthermore, the invention relates to a filter, in particular dialyzer, plasma exchange filter or a membrane oxygenator for extracorporeal blood treatment.
• Spinnerets for the extrusion of fibers are used in particular in the production of man-made fibers both in melt spinning and in dry spinning and in wet spinning and are known in principle from the prior art.
• Spinnerets typically have one or more round or square plates, usually of glass, metal or ceramic, with one or more shaping nozzle orifices.
• a spinning mass provided by a spinning pump usually a pressurized spinning mass, can be formed into one or more fine filaments, wherein man-made fibers are generally produced from polymer-based spinning compositions.
• viscous, curable compositions with a defined pressure continuously from a shaping opening, in particular from a shaping nozzle opening, pressed out, wherein body and / or profiles, including hollow body and / or hollow profiles, in theoretically any length with one of the opening corresponding cross-sectional geometry can be produced.
• body and / or profiles including hollow body and / or hollow profiles, in theoretically any length with one of the opening corresponding cross-sectional geometry can be produced.
• the cross-sections of the nozzle openings are circular disc-shaped, but it is also possible to produce hollow fibers with other profile cross-sections.
• the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle outlet openings determines the cross section of the extruded filament.
• the flow rate, the opening cross-section, ie the size of the exit area of the nozzle opening, as well as the discharge In particular, the tensile speed of the filament influence the dimensions of the extruded filament and the filament produced therefrom.
• a uniform supply of spinning material to the nozzle outlet opening is a prerequisite.
• the spinning mass flow channels along which the individual spinning masses are fed to the nozzle outlet openings therefore have a significant influence on the service properties and / or the processing properties of the extruded filaments, since these significantly influence the spinning mass flow.
• Hollow fibers are used in the textile industry as insulating material and / or as absorbent film material, wherein increasingly synthetic, textile hollow fibers are used based on at least one polymer material. In optics, hollow fibers can be used as light guides.
• spinnerets are generally used, to which at least two different spinning masses can be supplied, which usually each have one after the other separately prepared SpinnmassenzuGermankanäle associated outlet opening can be supplied, wherein the individual outlet openings of the spinneret is arranged concentrically to one another in the rule.
• the individual outlet openings of the spinneret is arranged concentrically to one another in the rule.
• Hollow-fiber membranes are particularly suitable for the construction of filter modules, whereby polymer-based hollow-fiber membranes are generally produced by means of phase inversion in a wet-spinning process, in which the innermost and / or the outer
• the first, extruded spinning mass layer which usually each have a polymer solution or consists of a polymer solution, are brought into contact with a precipitant within the spinneret and / or are introduced into a precipitating bath with a precipitant after leaving the spinneret, so that a further workable filament arises.
• spinnerets for the production of hollow fiber membranes are also known in principle from the prior art.
• a generic spinneret for extruding a hollow-fiber membrane is described, for example, in EP 2 644 757 A1, which discloses a spinneret which has a plurality of inlet openings for supplying a plurality of dope masses on one upper side and an inlet opening for feeding a precipitant and which is concentric with an outlet axis on a lower side having arranged rotationally symmetrical nozzle outlet openings.
• the individual spinning masses are each guided to a corresponding outlet opening by a separate, separate inlet opening until shortly before exiting the spinneret, whereby for each extruded spinning mass a section of the respective spinning mass flow channel influences the spinning mass flow is formed in order to achieve a uniform as possible Spirnmassenzuschreib at the respective outlet opening.
• a separate, separate outlet opening can be provided for each dope to be extruded.
• a spinneret for extruding a multilayered hollow fiber membrane is also known from WO 02/36327 A1, by means of which two particularly different spinning masses can still be brought into contact with each other inside the spinneret in such a way that "wet-in-wet" spinning takes place First, an inner layer is extruded and a second, further exposed layer is placed on the still wet first layer, before the spinneret is left, resulting in an intimate connection of the first and second layer and thus a less delamination susceptible, multilayer hollow fiber membrane.
• Hollow-fiber capillary membranes are also known from the prior art, which are used in particular in the field of medicine and are used in particular in dialysis or in gas exchangers for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
• the hollow-fiber capillary membranes should each have the smallest possible diameters and wall thicknesses in order to be able to accommodate as many hollow-fiber capillary membranes in an available installation space volume and the largest possible exchange surface - to reach.
• EP 2,112,256 A1 proposes to use microstructure techniques for the production of a spinneret for the extrusion of a hollow-fiber capillary membrane, and in particular to use a spinneret having a plurality of plates structured by microstructure technology.
• spinnerets are known from the state of the art, which are designed, in particular, with regard to the most uniform possible supply of spinning spun to the spinneret outlet, for example from WO 89/02938 A1 or US Pat CN 104775171 A, with which, however, in the case of very fine hollow-fiber capillary membranes with wall thicknesses of the individual layers of less than 100 nm, as a rule, the desired homogeneity of the membrane properties can not be achieved, since the supply of spincine mass is not uniform enough.
• an object of the invention to provide an improved spinneret by means of which in particular the homogeneity of an extruded hollow fiber can be improved, even with hollow fibers having at least one layer with a wall thickness of less than 100 nm. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a preferably stable spinneret. Moreover, it is an object of the invention to provide a device, in particular a constructively simple as possible constructed device by means of which several improved hollow fibers can be produced simultaneously. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method with which a hollow fiber with particularly homogeneous properties shafts can be produced, in particular a hollow fiber with at least one layer with a wall thickness of less than 100 nm.
• all of the at least two flow paths running through the spinning mass flow channel have a substantially equal path length, in particular the same path length, at least between the inlet of the flow influencing section and the associated outlet opening of the spider mass flow channel.
• a spinneret according to the invention with a corresponding configuration, in particular when the spinneret according to the invention has only extremely low manufacturing tolerances, enables the production of a hollow fiber having sufficiently homogeneous properties with individual wall thicknesses of less than 100 nm, in particular in the range of 50 nm, even if the spinning mass of the spinneret is fed from one point, for example via a feed channel from above, which is advantageous from a production point of view.
• a spinnerette according to the invention also makes it possible, in particular, to produce the finest hollow-fiber capillaries or the finest hollow-fiber capillary membranes with particularly homogeneous properties.
• a spinneret in the sense of the invention is a nozzle which can be used in a spinning machine and by means of which at least one filament, i. at least a single fiber can be produced, in particular a spun yarn can be extruded.
• a hollow fiber according to the invention is a filament, ie a single fiber, which has one or more continuous cavities in cross-section.
• a hollow-fiber membrane in the sense of the invention is a hollow fiber consisting of at least one layer, wherein the at least one layer is a semipermeable layer.
• a hollow fiber membrane may consist of two or more layers, the layers forming the walls of the hollow fiber and acting as a membrane.
• an input port of the spinneret supplied material mass which is at least partially provided for the construction of at least one layer of a hollow fiber or hollow fiber membrane to be produced understood.
• an outlet is designated as the outlet opening, from which at least one spinning mass and / or a proppant and / or a precipitant emerges from the spinneret.
• At least one outlet opening of a spinneret according to the invention is preferably a gap, in particular a circumferential gap, with respect to an associated outlet axis, closed gap, wherein at least one outlet opening is preferably an annular gap, in particular a circular annular gap.
• the gap width of the outlet opening can preferably be assigned to a desired layer thickness of the hollow fiber for the dope to be extruded through this outlet opening.
• an axis is referred to, which is parallel to a central exit direction of the associated dope.
• at least one outlet opening is preferably arranged concentrically with respect to the associated outlet axis and in particular is designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to it.
• the inlet of a flow-influencing section is understood as meaning an inlet opening, in particular that inlet opening, via which a spinning mass enters into the flow-influencing section, preference being given to
• Each flow-influencing section has exactly one, ie only a single, inlet, so that the inlet respectively defines an entry location of the spinning mass into the flow-influencing section.
• the outlet means of a flow-influencing section is an outlet opening, in particular that outlet opening through which a spinning mass emerges from the flow-influencing section, wherein preferably each flow-influencing section has exactly one, ie only a single, outlet, so that the outlet in each case has an exit location of the spinning mass defined from the flow influencing section.
• a flow-guiding structure in the sense of the invention is a structure which is designed to guide and / or guide a spinning mass flow in a defined manner, in particular along a defined flow path.
• a presumably suitable flow-guiding structure is preferably specified in a parameterized form.
• corresponding boundary conditions such as position and geometry of inlet and outlet of the flow influencing section or the associated outlet opening and corresponding material parameters, in particular state parameters of the respectively provided dope, are specified as boundary conditions, so that the path lengths of the individual flow paths are determined in each case with the aid of the numerical flow simulation can be.
• the geometry of the flow-guiding structure is then preferably determined numerically with the aid of an optimization algorithm, in particular the parameters which define the geometry of the flow-guiding structure that results in the same path length for all flow paths.
• At least one spinning mass flow channel of the spinneret has a feed section with a feed section inlet and a feed section outlet, wherein the feed section inlet is preferably connected to at least one inlet opening, in particular with exactly one inlet opening.
• the feed-outlet outlet is preferably connected to the inlet of at least one flow-influencing section, in particular to an associated flow-influencing section, preferably to exactly one associated flow-influencing section.
• the feed section of a spinning mass flow channel has only one inlet opening and only one flow influencing section, and if the respective flow influencing section has only exactly one inlet, a defined entry of a spinning mass into the flow influencing section can be achieved in a particularly simple manner Entry point of the spinning mass to be determined exactly.
• a flow-influencing section which has only exactly one outlet, permits a defined determination of the exit of a spinning mass from the associated flow-influencing section.
• the complexity of the design of a spinneret according to the invention can be significantly reduced.
• the optimization problem to be solved can be considerably simplified in this way.
• the cost of designing a spinneret according to the invention is reduced.
• the calculation times required for the design of a spinneret according to the invention can be Mass flow simulations and the required optimization runs are significantly reduced.
• the feed section of a spinning mass flow channel can alternatively be connected to a plurality of inlet openings, whereby a plurality of spinning masses can be mixed with one another in a simple manner and, in particular, a spinning mass blend can be produced.
• a dope can be divided in a simple manner and, in particular, a simple way of producing a multilayer hollow fiber having a plurality of layers of the same dope material, if the supply section of a dope mass flow channel is alternatively connected to a plurality of flow control sections.
• at least one flow-influencing section has a volume essentially defined by a bottom surface, a top surface and side surfaces, or is formed by such a volume, wherein preferably the bottom surface and / or the top surface of the flow-influencing section is formed by a flat surface , wherein in particular the bottom surface and the ceiling surface are arranged parallel to each other or extend parallel to each other.
• At least one spinneret flow channel has an outlet section with an outlet section inlet and an outlet section outlet, wherein the outlet section inlet is preferably connected to the outlet of at least one flow influencing section, preferably with an associated flow influencing section. section, in particular with exactly one associated Strömungsbeein kgungsab- section. More preferably, the outlet section outlet is connected to an associated outlet opening, in particular to exactly one outlet opening, of the spinning mass flow channel.
• at least one outlet opening of the spinneret is rotationally symmetrical about the associated outlet axis, wherein the outlet opening is preferably formed completely encircling and in particular is an annular gap.
• At least one outlet section of at least one spinning mass flow channel is formed by a circular cylinder jacket-shaped gap, which is arranged in particular concentric to the outlet axis and rotationally symmetrical to the outlet axis over its entire length.
• a spinneret according to the invention for the extrusion of a multilayer hollow fiber is formed, in particular for extruding a multilayer hollow fiber membrane, more preferably for extrusion of a multilayer hollow fiber capillary membrane with a diameter of less than 500 ⁇ and a total wall thickness of less than 100 ⁇ , preferably
• Each layer can be produced by extrusion of a spinning mass, and wherein the spinneret preferably has a separate inlet opening for introducing the respective dope into the spinneret for each dope to be extruded.
• outlet openings for the exit of the respective spinning masses along an associated exit axis from the spinneret may be provided for each spinning mass, in particular for each spinning mass material, or else one or more outlet openings leading to the exit of several spinning masses, in particular to the exit of different spinning mass materials , are provided.
• a spinneret according to the invention has a separate, separate outlet opening for each spinning mass, in particular for each spinning mass material, a hollow fiber membrane having a plurality of layers can be extruded from the respective different spinning mass materials fed to the spinneret whose layers are formed more or less separate from one another in particular a more or less pronounced separation between the individual spinning mass materials or spinning mass layer can be achieved.
• spinning masses in particular two or more different spinning material materials
• mixing of the spinning masses generally occurs at least partially, as a result of which layers with less pronounced separation between the individual spinning masses or Spunmassenmaterialien can be produced.
• both separate outlet openings for each spinning mass and common outlet openings for two or more spinning masses may be advantageous.
• Hollow fiber membranes with more defined, more homogeneous properties of the individual hollow fiber membrane layers can generally be produced with separate outlet openings, in particular in the case of a so-called dry consolidation, while with common outlet openings, in particular in the case of a so-called wet-on-wet combination, a better connection of the individual spinning mass layers to one another is achieved which can reduce the risk of delamination of the individual layers of hollow-fiber membrane.
• a spinneret according to the invention preferably for each dope to be extruded a separate Spinnmassenströmungs- channel for guiding the dope from the associated inlet opening to the respective outlet opening.
• outlet openings In the case of a spinneret having a plurality of outlet openings, preferably all outlet axes of the individual outlet openings lie on a common nozzle outlet axis, wherein the individual outlet openings are arranged in particular concentrically to the common nozzle outlet axis. That is, the exit axes of the individual outlet openings preferably coincide.
• the outlet openings are designed and arranged in this case, in particular of the diameter and the gap width in each case selected such that upon emergence of the individual spinning masses from the spinneret a multilayer hollow fiber with the respective desired layer thicknesses and / or wall thicknesses for the individual spinning mass layers is formed.
• a spinneret according to the invention for each to be extruded dope a separate input port, a separate Spinnmassenströmungs- channel with a separate flow influencing portion and a separate outlet opening, preferably all exit axes parallel to each other and in particular along a common nozzle exit axis are arranged, ie coincide.
• the spinning mass exit orifice arranged furthest in the radial direction relative to the nozzle exit axis forms the exit opening for producing an innermost layer of the hollow fiber and the spinning mass exit opening located furthest outward in the radial direction forms the exit opening for extruding the outermost layer of the hollow fiber and the spinning masses - Outlets in between corresponding to the outlet openings of the intermediate layers of spider mass.
• the spinning mass flowing through the spinning mass flow channel flows at least partially along at least two different flow paths. That is, in a spinnerette according to the present invention, a dope mass flows at least partially along at least two different ones, at least within one flow-influencing portion. different running flow paths. Particularly preferably, the spinning mass flows through the spinning mass flow channel, in particular the associated flow influencing section, at least partially along a multiplicity of different flow paths.
• Spinning center in the sense of the invention is understood to mean the point on a common nozzle exit axis in which all the spinning masses meet for the first time in the direction of flow, ie. at which the extruded hollow fiber for the first time has all intended spinning mass layers.
• a spinneret according to the invention all of the at least partially at least two, through the spinning mass flow channel extending flow paths, preferably all flow paths, a substantially equal path length between the inlet of the Strömungsbeein- flow section and the outlet of the flow influencing section.
• the complexity of the design of a spinneret according to the invention can be further reduced in a particularly simple manner, provided that the exit sections of the respectively present spinning mass flow channels connecting the outlets of the respective flow influencing sections with the respective outlet openings are designed in such a way that they are evenly distributed, in particular, by the respective dope. especially also along flow paths with the same path length, are flowed through.
• the outlet sections of the respectively present spinning mass flow channels are not traversed along different flow paths with different path lengths, but also each along flow paths with a rather long path length.
• the spinneret has at least one inlet opening for introducing a proppant and / or a precipitant into the spinneret, at least one outlet opening for exiting the proppant and / or the precipitant along an exit axis from the spinneret and at least one supply channel for guiding the support means and / or the precipitating agent from the associated inlet opening to the associated outlet opening, wherein the outlet opening of the supporting means and / or the precipitating agent is preferably arranged in the radial direction within the innermost spinning mass outlet opening and in particular is arranged and formed concentrically to this innermost spinning mass outlet opening.
• precipitant in the meaning of the invention refers to a liquid which is brought into contact with one of the spinning masses fed to extrude the hollow fiber of the spinneret, in particular with the spinning mass extruded as the innermost layer, to initiate a phase inversion and the spinning mass extruded from the spinneret at least partially solidify such that further processing of the extruded hollow fiber is possible.
• a proppant in the context of the invention is a chemical agent or a chemical composition which serves as a support, in particular as a shaping support, for the extruded hollow fiber.
• the proppant serves to mechanically stabilize the extruded filament until a precipitation bath or the like is obtained for post-treatment of the extruded filament.
• the proppant may also be a precipitant.
• At least one feed channel for guiding a support means and / or a precipitation means from the associated inlet opening to the associated outlet opening is formed like a spinning mass flow channel and has at least one flow influencing section and / or a feed section and / or an outlet section, and In particular, it is likewise designed to influence a proppant mass flow and / or a precipitant mass flow in such a way that the supply channel and / or precipitant flowing through the supply channel at least partially flows along at least two different flow paths, all of the at least two flow paths extending through the supply channel having a flow path Substantially the same path length between the inlet of the flow-influencing section of the feed channel and the associated outlet having outlet opening of the feed channel, in particular a same path length between the associated inlet opening and the associated outlet opening of the feed channel.
• a spinning mass outlet opening in the sense of the invention is an outlet opening which is provided for the exit of a spinning mass, not for the exit of a proppant and / or a precipitant.
• At least one flow-influencing section is oriented perpendicular to the associated exit axis, in particular normal to the associated exit axis, based on an average flow direction of a spinning mass flowing through the flow-influencing section.
• at least one flow-influencing section is preferably arranged horizontally oriented with respect to a functional state of use of the spinneret, with the associated outlet axis preferably extending vertically.
• the flow-influencing section is formed by a volume which is delimited by a bottom surface, a ceiling surface and side surfaces, the bottom surface and / or the ceiling surface being formed in particular by flat surfaces, preferably the bottom surface and / or the ceiling surface are vertical, in particular normal, oriented to the exit axis.
• a spinneret according to the invention has a plurality of flow-influencing sections, preferably at least two, in particular all flow-influencing sections of the spinneret are arranged parallel to one another.
• exit axes of all outlet openings coincide and, in particular, lie on a common nozzle exit axis
• at least one flow-influencing section is arranged oriented normal to the nozzle exit axis. net, in particular all flow-influencing sections are arranged oriented normal to the nozzle exit axis.
• a spinneret based on a functional use condition of the spinneret, at least one inlet opening is arranged on an upper side of the spinneret, wherein preferably all the inlet openings are arranged on the upper side of the spinneret.
• all input openings which are provided for supplying a dope, as well as all input openings, which are provided for supplying a support means and / or a precipitant, are particularly preferably arranged on the upper side of the spinneret.
• This allows a space-saving arrangement of several spinnerets in a device, in particular the arrangement of several spinnerets directly adjacent to each other, since no space for the supply of the spinning masses and / or proppant and / or precipitant is vorzuhalten side of the individual spinnerets.
• This allows a structurally particularly simple construction of a device having a plurality of spinnerets for the simultaneous production of a plurality of hollow fibers.
• At least one inlet opening is arranged on the upper side of the spinneret, preferably an associated feed section of at least one spinning mass flow channel and / or a feed channel for a proppant and / or a precipitant, in particular, runs connected to the inlet opening at the top of the spinneret essentially parallel to the associated exit axis and / or normal to the associated flow influencing section, a longitudinal axis of the feed section preferably being arranged eccentrically, ie displaced in the radial direction, relative to the associated exit axis and extending in particular outside the exit opening.
• flow paths can also with an eccentric and / or asymmetric Spinnmas- Sent supply, based on an associated outlet opening and / or an associated exit axis, a uniform Spirnmassenzucht be achieved to the outlet and adversely affecting the properties deficiencies in the concentricity between a lumen of the hollow fiber and / or between the individual membrane layers of a hollow fiber membrane can be reduced or even completely avoided.
• At least one inlet opening is arranged on one side of the spinneret. All input openings can also be arranged on one side of the spinneret.
• At least one outlet opening is preferably arranged on an underside of the spinneret, wherein in particular all outlet openings are arranged on the underside of the spinneret.
• At least one inlet opening and / or an inlet of at least one flow influencing section are arranged eccentrically to the associated outlet axis and in relation to the outlet axis relative to the outlet axis in particular arranged in the radial direction outside of the outlet opening.
• all Input openings for the spinning mass supply eccentrically to the respective, associated exit axis arranged.
• the inlet opening for introducing a proppant and / or precipitant can, however, be arranged concentrically to the associated outlet axis.
• the concentric arrangement of the inlet opening for the supply of the proppant or precipitant is particularly useful when can be dispensed with a flow influencing section and with a concentric to the outlet axis extending feed from the inlet to the outlet, the desired properties of the hollow fiber to be extruded can be achieved.
• the inlet opening for supplying the proppant or precipitant also eccentrically with a parallel to the outlet axis Feed section, a normal flow direction to the outlet axis arranged arranged flow-influencing and a parallel to the outlet axis and in particular concentrically to this formed outlet portion extending feed channel.
• the outlet of at least one flow-influencing section is arranged concentrically to the associated outlet axis, wherein the outlet of at least one flow-influencing section is preferably congruent, i. congruent, is formed to the associated outlet opening and is arranged in particular in the direction of the top of the spinneret parallel to the associated outlet opening.
• the outlet of at least one flow influencing section and / or at least one associated outlet opening is rotationally symmetrical, wherein at least one outlet and / or at least one outlet opening is preferably formed in each case completely encircling and in particular is an annular gap.
• a flow-influencing section is formed by a volume bounded by a bottom surface, a top surface and side surfaces, the inlet of this flow-influencing section is preferably located in the top surface and / or the outlet of the flow-influencing section is in the bottom surface.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow-influencing section has one or more flow-guiding elements and / or one or more damming elements.
• a flow-guiding element is understood to mean an element which essentially serves for deflecting and / or guiding and / or directing a flow and which preferably has a flow-guiding surface with a flow-guiding contour.
• a surface of the flow-guiding element is referred to as the flow-guiding element, at which a spinning-mass flow at least partially flows along and by means of which the flow is deflected and / or guided and / or conducted, wherein by means of the flow-guiding contour, i. the geometry of the flow guide, is defined as the flow is deflected and / or guided and / or directed.
• a stagnation element is understood to mean an element which essentially serves to change the flow velocity, wherein a stagnation element in the sense of the invention can act both to increase the flow rate or to reduce the flow rate.
• a baffle element by means of a corresponding embodiment effect a rectification of the flow.
• a spinneret according to the invention has a plurality of flow guide elements arranged successively in the flow direction and / or one or more baffle elements arranged successively in flow direction, a spinneret according to the invention particularly preferably having a plurality of flow direction successively arranged flow guide elements and at least one arranged in the flow direction downstream of the flow guide elements baffle element.
• At least one flow-guiding element is formed by a protrusion having a wall extending from a floor surface to a ceiling surface of the flow-influencing section, in particular by a projection having an at least partially perpendicular to the floor surface and / or perpendicular to the ceiling surface of the Flow influencing section extending wall, the wall at least partially forms a flow guide and has a defined Strömungsleitkontur.
• At least one flow guide is at least partially designed as a mass flow divider or forms a mass flow divider, preferably at least one flow guiding element as a, a spinning mass flow with a defined ratio dividing mass flow divider is formed or forms such a mass flow conductor, in particular as a mass flow divider that halves the spinning mass flow.
• At least one flow guide element in particular at least one mass flow divider, has a flow guide contour symmetrical to a first plane of symmetry, wherein the first plane of symmetry of the flow guide element preferably extends perpendicularly to the associated flow influencing section, in particular parallel to the associated exit axis.
• at least one flow guide element, in particular at least one mass flow divider is designed to be symmetrical overall, ie, not only has a symmetrically formed flow guide contour, but also a remaining contour of the flow guide element, which does not primarily act as a flow guide contour, is symmetrical ,
• At least one flow-guiding element in particular at least one mass-flow divider, has a flow-guiding contour similar or in accordance with a curly clamp, i. a similar to the punctuation mark "curly bracket” or according to a “curly bracket” running Strömungsleitkontur.
• At least one flow-guiding element in particular at least one mass-flow divider, has a flow-guiding contour such as a double-S-stroke or two integral signs arranged symmetrically to one another and connected in the longitudinal direction.
• a foremost leading edge and / or a foremost leading face of the flow guide element preferably lie in the first plane of symmetry.
• At least one flow-guiding element in particular at least one mass-flow divider, is arranged oriented within the associated flow-influencing section such that the first plane of symmetry of the flow-guiding element flows frontal, in particular with a flow direction parallel to the first plane of symmetry.
• the leading edge of the flow is understood to mean the part of the flow guide contour of a flow guide element, which is flowed first, or to which a spinning mass flowing into the flow guide first impacts when the spinning mass flows through the associated flow influencing section.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow influencing section has a plurality of flow guide elements arranged in a cascade, in particular a plurality of mass flow dividers arranged in a cascade, wherein the individual flow guide elements are preferably arranged in a cascade with an odd number of steps, especially in a 3-stage cascade or in a 5-stage cascade.
• an incoming spinning mass can thus be halved per mass flow divider in a first stage and quartered in a second stage, and so on, based on a spinning mass flow upon entry into the flow influencing section.
• Offset oriented arranged at a defined angle means arranged twisted in the sense of the invention by a defined angle.
• a spinning mass flow can be conducted along different flow paths in a particularly simple manner, in particular along different paths Flow paths with a defined path length, whereby the respective path length can be extended by a defined amount by each additional additional cascade stage.
• a respective flow path can thus be lengthened by a defined path length in a simple manner so that the path length of at least two, preferably all, flow paths of a spinning mass flow channel of a spinneret according to the invention can be set equal.
• a length of the flow guide contour of at least one flow guide element of the nth stage is approximately 1/4 or 1/4 of the length of the flow guide contour of a (n-1) th stage flow guide element, wherein preferably a geometric shape of at least two flow guide elements of adjacent cascade stages is identical and / or self-similar.
• this relationship applies in each case to all flow guiding elements of a cascade stage, in particular to all mass flow dividers of a cascade.
• a Strömungsleitkontur a mass flow divider of the second cascade stage is 1/4 of the length of the Strömungsleitkontur a mass flow divider of the first cascade stage.
• a spinneret in a further advantageous embodiment of a spinneret according to the invention at least one flow guide on a vane or a vane, preferably a spinning mass flow at least partially conductive to the outlet opening guide vane, in particular a spinning mass flow at least partially in the radial direction inwardly toward the outlet opening towards conducting vane.
• a flow-guiding element of a spinneret according to the invention can be designed both as a pure guide vane or else have one or more sections acting as mass flow dividers and / or one or more vane sections.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow-influencing section has a plurality of guide vanes arranged concentrically to the outlet opening and circumferentially uniformly distributed, preferably radially inwardly toward the outlet of the flow-influencing section and / or towards the associated outlet opening are arranged on a circular path with a constant radius, wherein the guide vanes are in particular designed and arranged such that a spinning mass flow flowing along the guide vanes in each case with a tangential direction, with respect to the outlet of the flow influencing portion and / or the associated Outlet, leaves.
• the ends of the guide vanes are preferably arranged concentrically with the outlet of the flow-influencing section, in particular concentrically with the outlet opening.
• a spinneret according to the invention comprises one or more vanes arranged on a side of at least one flow guide element of the highest cascade stage, at least one guide vane being integral and / or integral with a flow guide element of the highest cascade stage is trained.
• all the vanes are arranged on the side facing away from the Strömungsleitkontu side of at least one flow guide and in particular each formed in one piece and / or integrally with the respective adjacent flow guide.
• a particularly advantageous flow-guiding structure results when the respective flow guide elements of the highest cascade stage are designed as mass flow dividers, in particular as respective dividing mass flow dividers, each having a vane section on its side remote from the flow guide contour, ie at its rear side in particular in one piece, ie integrally, each with a, the mass flow divider forming portion of the flow guide is formed.
• the flow guiding elements of the highest cascade stage are, in particular, flow-conducting elements designed as mass-flow dividers, which preferably have a section formed as a guide blade on the side facing away from the flow-guiding contour.
• a flow-guiding structure of a spinneret according to the invention may alternatively and / or additionally also comprise one or more flow guide elements arranged downstream of one or more guide vanes and designed as mass flow dividers or merely flow elements configured as guide vanes.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow-influencing section has at least one damming element which is formed by a wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface of the flow-influencing section with a plurality of through-flow openings passing through the wall.
• At least one storage element preferably has a wall extending perpendicularly to the floor surface and / or to the ceiling surface with one or more through-holes. Flow openings with a rectangular cross-section and / or a curved course through the wall through.
• One or more flow-through openings may also have a circular-cylindrical or oval-cylindrical or in the flow direction conical and / or trumpet-shaped changing, tapering or widening cross-section or a deviating cross-sectional geometry.
• all of the flow-through openings are arranged oriented toward one another within the warning such that a flow through the flow-through openings leads to a rectification of the spinning mass flow. This can be achieved for example by perpendicular to the wall or each extending in parallel arc flow openings with an identical curvature.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow influencing section has a baffle element formed by a circular cylindrical jacket, which is preferably concentric with the outlet of the flow influencing section and / or concentric with the outlet opening and / or concentric with an associated outlet opening and / or with an associated outlet opening Exit axis is arranged.
• At least one flow-influencing section has a baffle formed by a vertical wall extending from the bottom surface of the flow-influencing section to the ceiling surface of the flow-influencing section and having a plurality of flow-through openings arranged inside the wall and distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction each having a cross-sectional width of about 5-20 ⁇ , preferably from about 10-15 ⁇ .
• a back pressure can be increased in the flow direction upstream of the damming element and a homogenization of the dope mass flow and / or a proppant or precipitant mass flow can be achieved.
• At least one flow-guiding structure of at least one flow-influencing section preferably has a stagnation element arranged in the radial direction within the inner flow-guiding element, wherein preferably at least one flow-guiding structure has a stagnation element arranged in the radial direction within a cascade of flow-guiding elements.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow-influencing section has at least one obstacle to be overflowed and / or underflowed from a dope flowing through the flow-influencing section, the obstacle preferably being from the bottom surface and / or the ceiling surface of the spout.
• tion influencing portion in the flow influencing portion hineiner- stretches, in particular perpendicular, and reaches up to a defined gap to the ceiling surface and / or the bottom surface.
• the obstacle to be overflowed and / or the underflow obstacle preferably extends in the vertical direction.
• Such an underflow and / or overflowing obstacle may be formed, for example, by a cylinder jacket extending into the flow influencing section from the bottom surface and / or the ceiling surface of the flow-influencing section or having a corresponding cylinder jacket section, in particular a circular cylinder jacket-shaped section.
• a (further) equalization of the spinning mass flow can be achieved in a particularly simple manner, in particular a defined Spinning mass flow can be adjusted.
• a desired layer thickness of a spinning mass to be extruded from the associated outlet opening can be set in a targeted manner.
• the flow-guiding structure of at least one flow-influencing section has a plate-shaped body structured by means of microstructure technology, in particular a plate structured by microstructure technology or is formed by a plate structured by means of microstructure technology.
• the structured, plate-shaped body and / or the structured plate preferably has a wafer or is made of one or more wafers.
• the entire flow-influencing section is particularly preferably formed by a plate-shaped body structured by means of microstructure technology and / or by a plate structured by means of microstructure technology, wherein preferably all flow-influencing sections are each formed by a corresponding body and / or a corresponding plate.
• hollow-fiber capillary membranes in particular the finest hollow-fiber capillary membranes with a homogeneous layer structure of the individual layers and in each case with wall thicknesses of less than 100 nm, in particular about 50 nm.
• a spinneret according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of dialysis membranes or hollow fiber membranes for use in gas exchangers in connection with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and for hollow fiber membranes for the separation of blood plasma from the other blood components, in particular for the production of such, formed as capillary membranes hollow fiber membranes Diameters of less than 500 nm and a total wall thickness of less than 100 nm, in particular with wall thicknesses in the range of about 50 nm.
• the spinneret has at least two plates structured by means of microstructure technology, wherein the plates are arranged in parallel one above the other and at least partially bonded together by annealing.
• a particularly stable spinneret can be provided, which in particular can absorb both tensile and compressive forces.
• a "widening" of the flow influencing section disadvantageous for a uniform spinning mass flow, in particular a lifting of the upper plate from the lower plate, by the spinning mass flow can be avoided.
• a device according to the invention for extruding a multiplicity of hollow fibers or hollow fiber membranes from one or more spinning masses wherein the device has a spinneret for each hollow fiber or hollow fiber membrane to be extruded, has at least one spinneret formed according to the invention, wherein preferably all spinnerets are designed according to the invention.
• further steps of aftertreating the extruded hollow fiber or the extruded hollow fiber membrane may be performed, such as introducing the extruded hollow fiber or the extruded hollow fiber membrane into a precipitation bath or the like.
• a plurality of spinnerets can be used simultaneously or a corresponding apparatus having a plurality of spinnerets according to the invention can be used.
• a filter according to the invention in particular a dialyzer, a plasma exchange filter or filter for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is produced by means of a spinneret according to the invention, by means of a device according to the invention or by means of a method according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 shows the spinneret according to the invention from FIG. 1 in a perspective view
• FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of an embodiment of a flow influencing section for influencing the flow of the first spinning mass of the structured plate of the spinneret according to the invention, produced by microstructure technology from FIG. 1, FIG.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an embodiment of a flow influencing section for influencing the flow of the first spinning mass of a structured plate produced by microstructure technology for a spinneret according to the invention
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the construction of a first exemplary embodiment of a spinneret 10 according to the invention, which consists of a microstructured one Cover plate 15 four arranged underneath, structured by means of microstructural technology plates 17, 18, 19 and 20 is formed, which have each been made of silicon wafers.
• a spinneret according to the invention may be provided below the plate 20 nor a bottom plate. It can also be provided above the cover plate 15, a further support plate.
• the spinneret 10 is designed for the extrusion of a hollow fiber capillary membranes of three spinning mass layers in the wet-on-wet spinning process, wherein the spinneret has a total of four input ports 1 1, 12, 13 and 14 (see FIG Top of the spinneret 10, based on a functional use condition of the spinneret 10 are arranged.
• the inlet openings 12, 13 and 14 are provided for the supply of a respective dope, while the inlet opening 1 1 is provided for supplying a precipitating agent for solidification of the emerging from the nozzle hollow fiber membrane.
• the spinneret has an associated exit section 12B, 13B and 14B, each having an exit port not shown here at the end of the respective exit section 12B, 13B and 14B at an underside of the spinneret 10, the exit sections 12B, 13B and 14B before exiting the spinneret 10 are gradually brought together, and an outlet section 1 1 B with a likewise arranged at the bottom of the spinneret 10 outlet opening at the end of the outlet portion 1 1 B for the precipitant.
• the inlet openings 1 1, 12, 13 and 14 are each connected via a spinning mass flow channel or a Klallschmassenströmungskanal with the associated outlet openings, wherein the outlet openings concentric to a common nozzle exit axis A, along which the individual spinning masses and the precipitant from the spinneret 10th can emerge, are arranged.
• the precipitant mass flow channel has, as in each case all of the Spinnmas- Senströmungskanäle a Zuurerabrough 1 1 A, wherein in Figure 1, only the feed section 13A, which is connected to the spinning mass input port 13, can be seen.
• a particularly uniformly formed hollow-fiber capillary membrane in particular with a wall thickness of the individual spinning mass layers that is particularly uniform in the circumferential direction, and in particular a uniform wall thickness along its length, and a hollow-fiber membrane whose individual membrane layers have virtually no concentricity errors, is in each mass flow channel in each case between the associated feed section and the respective outlet section 1 1 B, 12 B, 13 B, 14 B each provided an unspecified Strömungsbeein kgungsab- section, which is in each case formed by the associated microstructured plate 17, 18, 19 and 20 respectively.
• the flow influencing section for influencing the precipitant mass flow through the microstructured plate 17 is formed, the flow influencing section for influencing the first, through the input port 12 into the spinneret injectable dope through the microstructured plate 18, the flow influencing section for influencing the spinning mass flow of the second spin mass, which can be introduced through the inlet opening 13, through the microstructured plate 19 and the flow control section for the third dope, which can be introduced into the spinneret 10 via the inlet opening 14, is correspondingly formed by the microstructured plate 20. All flow-influencing sections of the spinneret 10 according to the invention shown in FIG.
• each flow-influencing section or each microstructured plate 17, 18, 19, 20 has a baffle element 23, 26, 31 or 35, which has a plurality of uniformly arranged inside the baffle element 23, 26, 31 or 35, not described here. 3 through which the respective mass flow must flow in order to reach the associated outlet opening.
• All flow-influencing sections are formed by a volume bounded by a flat bottom surface, a planar ceiling surface and side surfaces oriented perpendicular thereto, wherein in this embodiment all the flow-guiding elements 21, 22, 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 and 34 are each perpendicular to the respective one corresponding bottom surface extend to the associated ceiling surface of the respective flow influencing portion.
• the baffle elements 23, 26, 31 and 35 are each formed by a circular cylinder jacket and also extend perpendicularly from the respectively associated bottom surface of the respective flow influencing section to the respective associated ceiling surface, wherein the baffle elements 23, 26, 31 and 35 formed in this case in several parts are and by one of the respective upper, the ceiling surface of the associated flow-influencing portion forming plate associated projection and one of the lower, the bottom surface of the associated flow influencing Ab- having a sectional forming plate associated projection.
• the two projections are each allied by annealing together.
• the mass flow must each be in this embodiment, in each case from the bottom surface perpendicular to vertical obstacle 24, 28, 32 and 36, respectively, extending over a gap to the associated ceiling surface, in order then finally to be able to flow through the respectively associated outlet section to the associated outlet opening on the underside of the spinneret 10.
• FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail of the sectional view from FIG. 1 in the region of the stagnation element 31 and the vertical obstacle 32 in an oblique view onto the sectional plane with the spinning mass flow 42 symbolized by arrows for the second spinning mass with a bonding surface 71 in the middle of the baffle element 31 below the flow-through openings 70 between the upper plate 18 and the lower plate 19th
• Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a spinneret 1 according to the invention in a schematic representation in cross section, said spinneret next to the cover plate 15 only three microstructured plates 17, 18 and 19 and thus is formed only for producing a hollow fiber membrane of two spinning masses.
• the uppermost plate 17, as in the previously described embodiment of a spinneret 10 according to the invention, also serves to influence the flow of the precipitant mass flow and the plates 18 and 19 each for influencing the flow of a spinning mass flow.
• spinneret 10 of Figure 1 Another difference to the spinneret 10 of Figure 1 is that in the spinneret 1 shown in Figure 2, the outlet sections 12B and 13B for the individual spinning masses are not merged within the nozzle, but up to the nozzle each exit separately. That is, this spinneret 1 does not allow wet-in-wet combination of the individual spinning masses, but is designed for so-called dry merger, in which the individual spinning masses are brought into contact only after exiting the spinneret.
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of an embodiment of a flow influencing section for influencing the flow of the first spinning mass for the structured plate 18 of the spinneret according to the invention, which contains the flow influencing section for the first, via the inlet opening 12 into the spinneret 10 forms introducible dope, the spin mass supply is based on the representation in Figure 5 below in the middle. That the inlet of the flow influencing section, which is formed by the microstructured plate 18, is located at the bottom in the middle, in particular here in the ceiling surface of the plate 18, which is formed in particular by a lower side of the overlying plate 17.
• the flow influencing section has a plurality of flow guide elements 25, 27, 51, 52, 53 and 54, each of which is formed at least partially as a mass flow divider and each has a straight leading edge as the flow guide contour which causes a split of the flow in two halves, in particular a halving.
• At least one mass flow divider instead of a straight flow guide contour, i. Instead of a straight leading edge, has a Strömungsleitkontur which is similar or formed according to a curly bracket, wherein preferably the tip is oriented in the middle of the bracket opposite to the flow direction of the spinning mass flow, i. facing the incoming spinning mass.
• a flow-influencing section forms a cascade, in this case a 3-stage cascade, with which the supplied spinning mass flow 41 can be divided in stages.
• the first stage of the cascade only a single flow guide 27 in the form of a mass flow divider 27, which the spinning mass flow 41 of the first spinning mass 41 in a first part 41 A, in particular a first half 41 A, and a second part 41 B, in particular one second half 41 B, divides, so that the dope 41 along two different flow paths 72 A and 72 B in the direction of exit section 12 B is guided.
• the second stage of the cascade has two mass flow dividers 25 and 50, which in turn divide the incoming dope 41 A and 41 B, so that the dope 41 is now guided along four flow paths in the direction of the outlet portion 12 B, wherein the length of the Strömungsleitkontur the two Mass flow divider 25 and 50 in this embodiment each exactly 1/4 of the length of Strömungsleitkontur mass flow divider 27 of the previous, in this case, the first cascade stage, and wherein the two mass flow divider 25 and 50 of the second stage of the cascade offset by 90 ° to the Mass flow divider 27 of the first stage of the cascade are arranged oriented.
• the third stage of the cascade is formed by a total of four mass flow dividers 51, 52, 53, and 54, which are arranged offset by 45 ° to the two mass flow dividers 25 and 50 of the second cascade stage and their length of the flow contour also exactly 1 / 4 is the length of the flow contour of the mass flow divider 25 and 50 of the previous, second cascade stage.
• a baffle element 26 is also provided which has flow openings (not shown) (see Figure 3) through which the respective mass flow must pass in order to reach the associated outlet section 12B and further to the associated outlet opening of the spinneret.
• the flow-influencing section also has a vertical obstacle (see Figure 3, reference numeral 32), which is not shown in Figure 5 recognizable.
• a mass flow along a plurality of different flow paths 72A, 72B can be conducted from the inlet of the flow-influencing section to the outlet of the flow-influencing section or to the associated outlet opening in such a way that all portions of the mass flow or all flow paths along which the mass flow is passed, have an equal path length.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of an embodiment of a flow influencing section for influencing the flow of the first spinning mass of a structured plate 18 'produced by microstructure technology for a spinneret according to the invention.
• the flow-influencing section shown schematically in FIG. 6 has, in comparison with the flow-influencing section from FIG. 5, further flow-conducting elements 55 and 56, which together with the flow-guiding elements 25, 27, 51, 52, 53 and 54 form a 5-stage cascade, with which the supplied spinning mass flow 41 can also be divided in stages.
• the spinning mass 41 can be guided along at least 32 flow paths in the direction of the exit section 12B.
• the first three stages of the cascade are formed like the flow influencing section described with reference to FIG.
• the fourth stage of the cascade is formed by a total of eight flow guide elements in the form of mass flow dividers 55 which are each offset by 22.5 ° from the mass flow dividers 51, 52, 53 and 54 of the previous, third cascade stage and whose flow guide contour length is also exactly 1 / 4 is the Strömungsleitkonturround the mass flow divider of the previous cascade stage.
• the fifth cascade stage has flow guide elements 56, which likewise have flow guidance contours designed as mass flow dividers, wherein a total of sixteen flow guide elements 56 are provided in the fifth cascade stage, which are distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction on a common radius concentric with the associated outlet section 12B and likewise offset uniformly are arranged to the mass flow divider 55 of the fourth cascade stage.
• the flow guide elements 56 of the fifth cascade stage have a side facing away from the leading edge, i. at its rear, a radially inwardly extending, elongated portion.
• the Strömungsleitiata the innermost cascade stage, at least some, in particular some flow guide elements 56 of the fifth cascade stage in a 5-stage cascade, a similar or formed according to a curly clamp flow guide contour and on the facing away from the Strömungsleitkontur no symmet- risch formed and symmetrically arranged geometry, but each an asymmetrically shaped vane section.
• the radially inwardly pointing ends of the individual guide vanes are each arranged on a circular path concentric with the outlet section 12B and configured such that a mass flow exiting inwardly between the guide vane sections at least one guide vane section in the tangential direction, relative to the associated Exit section 12B leaves.
• the spinning mass flow introduced into the flow-influencing section in the flow-influencing section of the microstructured plate 18 is divided into several spinning mass flow components and deflected several times.
• the path length of the individual flow paths in particular selectively influenced and / or changed over the respective flow guide such that adjusts an equal path length for all flow paths according to the invention, which is achieved in particular on the geometric configuration and arrangement of the individual flow guide.
• baffle 26 also serves to influence the path length of the individual flow paths, but primarily for a further homogenization and for rectification of the mass flow.
• a spinneret 10 according to the invention which is particularly advantageously configured according to FIG. 1 with a flow influencing section according to FIG. 6, has the advantageous dimensions given below for the individual microstructured plates 17, 18, 19 and 20: AStrömE area of the flow guide elements of the associated plate
• Table 1 Advantageous dimensions for a spinneret 10 according to the invention
• the values given here refer to a spinning speed of 300 mm / s with a mass flow of 8.75 mg / s for the spinning mass of the outermost hollow fiber layer, a mass flow of 0.21 mg / s for the mass flow of the middle spinning mass layer and a mass flow for the mass flow of the inner spinning mass layer of 0.21 mg / s and a mass flow of about 10 mg / s for the precipitant.
• a spinning speed of 300 mm / s with a mass flow of 8.75 mg / s for the spinning mass of the outermost hollow fiber layer a mass flow of 0.21 mg / s for the mass flow of the middle spinning mass layer and a mass flow for the mass flow of the inner spinning mass layer of 0.21 mg / s and a mass flow of about 10 mg / s for the precipitant.

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• 2017
  • 2017-05-11 DE DE102017208011.6A patent/DE102017208011A1/de active Pending
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