EP3560301A1 - Düsenanordnung und vorrichtung zur erzeugung eines atmosphärischen plasmastrahls - Google Patents
Düsenanordnung und vorrichtung zur erzeugung eines atmosphärischen plasmastrahlsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3560301A1 EP3560301A1 EP17835848.7A EP17835848A EP3560301A1 EP 3560301 A1 EP3560301 A1 EP 3560301A1 EP 17835848 A EP17835848 A EP 17835848A EP 3560301 A1 EP3560301 A1 EP 3560301A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- nozzle
- cross
- plasma jet
- plasma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2240/00—Testing
- H05H2240/10—Testing at atmospheric pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2240/00—Testing
- H05H2240/20—Non-thermal plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
- H05H2245/40—Surface treatments
Definitions
- the invention relates to a nozzle arrangement for a device for producing an atmospheric plasma jet with an inlet through which an atmospheric plasma jet can be introduced into the nozzle arrangement, and with a channel which is so connected to the inlet that one through the inlet into the
- Nozzle arrangement introduced plasma jet is passed through the channel.
- the invention also relates to a device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet.
- the invention further relates to a method for plasma treatment of a fabric or a plastic film and a plasma-treated nonwoven fabric.
- Receiving layers and distribution layers are used, with which liquid is to be passed quickly from the skin surface in an absorbent material, typically in a position with so-called superabsorbent (superabsorbent polymers).
- the distribution layers are often referred to in practice as AQL (Acquisition Layer) or ADL (Acquisition Distribution Lay er).
- Penetration time of liquids (liquid) strike-through time determined according to ISO 9073-13: 2006, which represents a measure of the speed with which liquid is taken up and passed on from the nonwoven fabric layer. The lower the Penetration time is, the better the function of the nonwoven fabric layer in the diaper, bandage or pad.
- nonwoven fabric layers particularly the ADLs / AQLs
- low cost, low quality nonwoven fabric layers are often used, thereby degrading the function of the diaper, sanitary napkin, or overlay.
- higher quality nonwoven fabrics are used. These are, however, on the one hand more expensive and on the other hand have a higher basis weight, which also results in a higher material consumption and a higher weight of the diaper, bandage or edition.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an apparatus and a method with which in particular the penetration time of nonwoven fabric layers, in particular of ADLs / AQLs, can be improved.
- this object is achieved in a nozzle arrangement for an apparatus for generating an atmospheric plasma jet with an inlet through which an atmospheric plasma jet can be introduced into the nozzle assembly, and with a channel, which is connected to the inlet, that through
- a plurality of nozzle openings are provided in the channel wall along the channel, through which a plasma jet directed through the channel can exit the nozzle arrangement.
- the object is in a device for generating a
- atmospheric plasma jet with a discharge space wherein the device is arranged to generate an atmospheric plasma jet in the discharge space, according to the invention achieved in that a nozzle arrangement of the type described above is connected to the discharge space such that a plasma jet generated in the discharge space is introduced into the inlet of the nozzle assembly.
- a plasma jet can be generated, the intensity of which on the one hand is sufficient to treat the nonwovens in such a way that their
- Nonwovens are not damaged.
- the disclosed nozzle assembly and apparatus have also been well-suited
- the Nozzle arrangement or the device preferably used for the plasma treatment of substances or films, in particular plastic films or metal foils.
- the nozzle arrangement is intended for a device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet.
- the nozzle arrangement may for example be formed integrally with such a device.
- the nozzle arrangement can also be designed as a separate component which, for example, can be detached from the rest
- Device can be connected, for example, in a device for
- the nozzle assembly has an inlet.
- the nozzle assembly is an integral part of an atmospheric device
- Formed plasma jet so it may be at the inlet to a mere imaginary transition from the rest of the device to the nozzle assembly, without a physical interruption between other device and
- Nozzle arrangement must be present.
- an atmospheric plasma jet can be introduced into the nozzle arrangement.
- the nozzle arrangement is preferably so with an apparatus for generating an atmospheric plasma jet
- the nozzle arrangement has corresponding coupling means, such as a thread, for connecting the nozzle arrangement to a device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet.
- the nozzle assembly has a channel connected to the inlet such that a plasma jet introduced through the inlet into the nozzle assembly is directed through the channel.
- the channel can, for example, a circular or
- the channel preferably has semicircular cross-section.
- a plurality of nozzle openings are provided in the channel wall.
- the channel preferably has a substantially straight line
- the number of nozzle openings can be selected as required, whereby the intensity of the individual partial beams can be reduced by increasing the number of nozzle openings.
- at least five, more preferably at least ten orifices are provided in the channel to a sensitive for the treatment of materials, preferably sensitive substances and films,
- the nozzle openings may, for example, be circular, oval, slit-like or also have a different geometry.
- a plasma jet directed through the channel can emerge from the nozzle arrangement.
- the nozzle openings thus lead out of the channel to the outside.
- the plasma jet guided through the channel then penetrates through the
- the plasma jet can act over a greater width.
- the intensity of the individual partial beams can be reduced in such a way that sensitive substances, in particular nonwovens, or thin plastic or metal foils are not damaged by the partial beams, but can nevertheless be effectively plasma-treated.
- the device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet has a discharge space and is adapted to generate an atmospheric plasma jet in the discharge space. Such devices are basically known from the prior art, for example from DE 195 32 412 C2.
- the device has in particular a housing, for example a tubular housing, in which the discharge space is provided.
- the atmospheric plasma jet is preferably generated in the discharge space by means of an electrical discharge in a working gas flow. By the electric discharge, it comes to the excitation and partial ionization of the working gas, so that a plasma forms, which exits through the working gas flow as a plasma jet from the Entiadungsraum.
- the discharge space in particular has a gas inlet, through which the working gas flow can reach the discharge space.
- an inner electrode is preferably arranged in the discharge space.
- an outer electrode is preferably provided which can be formed, for example, by the housing itself, for example by a metal tube used as a housing.
- the nozzle arrangement described above is connected.
- the housing and the nozzle arrangement may have corresponding connecting means, for example threads, with which the nozzle arrangement can be connected to the discharge space in such a way that an in
- Discharge space generated plasma jet is passed through the inlet of the nozzle assembly.
- the abovementioned object is furthermore achieved according to the invention by the use of the previously described apparatus for the plasma treatment of a material, in particular a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or a metal foil.
- the fabric may in particular be a nonwoven fabric.
- the above object is achieved according to the invention by a method for plasma treatment of a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or metal foil, using the previously described
- Device in which the device generates an atmospheric plasma jet is so that the plasma jet emerges in the form of a plurality of partial beams from the nozzle openings in the channel wall, and in which a surface of a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or metal foil, with the partial beams of the plasma jet is acted upon.
- Plasma treatment can be achieved.
- an intensity of the individual partial beams can be achieved so that the substance or the film, in particular the plastic film or the metal foil, can be effectively plasma-treated without damaging it.
- the temperature of the substance or of the film during the plasma treatment is consistently below 100 ° C. or even below 50 ° C.
- the plasma jet for example, air
- Hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures nitrogen or noble gases are used.
- nitrogen (2) or noble gases in particular argon, as
- the nitrogen concentration in the working gas is preferably at least 98% by weight, in particular at least 99.5% by weight.
- the material to be treated in particular the substance to be treated or the film is preferably provided in web form, for example by a roller or in a production line, and passed by the nozzle assembly, so that the partial beams exiting from the nozzle openings on the material, in particular on the fabric or get the film.
- the fabric is preferably a nonwoven fabric, which may in particular consist essentially of synthetic fibers, for example polypropylene or polyethylene fibers, of natural fibers, for example cotton or viscose fibers, and / or of inorganic fibers, for example glass fibers. It has been found that the plasma treatment of a nonwoven fabric with the previously
- the described method causes functional groups to form on the individual fibers of the nonwoven fabric, which increases the hydrophilicity of the fibers, so that the substance can absorb liquid better. Furthermore, it has been shown that the plasma treatment with the described method results in that the thickness of the nonwoven fabric increases with a corresponding reduction in the density. In experiments, thickness increases by a factor of five were observed. It has been found that this leads to a shorter penetration time of the nonwoven fabric. This can be explained by the fact that in the thickness increase and density decrease, capillaries increasingly form substantially perpendicular to the material direction, so that liquid can be transported through the nonwoven fabric more quickly. These effects result in a shorter penetration time of the nonwoven fabric as a result. In experiments, with the plasma treatment, a reduction to half or even to one third of the original breakthrough time of the untreated
- Nonwoven fabric can be achieved. For example, through the plasma treatment with a thin low-priced nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 30 g / m 2, penetration times could be achieved which correspond to those of a high-quality nonwoven fabric with 90 g / m 2 basis weight. Thus, with the method so lightweight, inexpensive nonwoven fabrics can be produced with good penetration time.
- the weight per unit area of the nonwoven is preferably less than 90 g / m 2 , in particular less than 50 g / m 2 .
- the described plasma treatment of thin nonwoven fabrics increases the thickness of the nonwoven fabrics and improves their penetration time, in particular to values that have hitherto only been achieved of higher basis weight nonwovens.
- the thickness of the nonwoven fabric before the plasma treatment is preferably less than 5 mm.
- a plasma-treated nonwoven fabric in particular ADL or AQL, prepared by a method comprising the following steps: providing a nonwoven fabric and
- Plasma treating the nonwoven fabric by the method described above Furthermore, the above object is achieved by a hygiene article for receiving liquids, in particular a bandage, diaper or pad, comprising a layer of the plasma-treated nonwoven fabric described above. Due to the improved penetration time, such hygiene articles have a higher quality coupled with low production costs.
- a nonwoven fabric which has been plasma-treated with the described method can be distinguished from untreated nonwovens of the same type, in particular by the nonwoven fabric
- Plasma treatment induced hydrophilization by the functional Differentiate groups on the fibers If, for example, an ADL / AQL material normally has a density of 90 kg / m 3 , the density of the
- plasma-treated material in particular less than 45 kg / m 3 .
- Hydrophilization can be detected by measuring the contact angle of water on the fibers. This amounts to plasma-treated nonwovens.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- Plastic films or metal foils suitable. By the plasma treatment of films, these can be prepared for a subsequent printing process or a gluing of the films. The process achieves good hydrophilization of the film surface without damaging the film. In contrast, previous attempts at treatment of films with dielectrically impeded discharges led to only minor improvements in hydrophilization (to a maximum of 40 to 55 mN / m). The use of conventional plasma nozzles often led to damage of the films because of the high thermal load.
- the method is particularly suitable for thin films having a thickness of preferably less than 0.1 mm, more preferably less than 0.05 mm, in particular less than 0.02 mm.
- Nozzle assembly the device, the use, the method, the
- the channel has a straight section and the nozzle openings are in the extension direction of the channel in the channel wall
- the nozzle openings are preferably arranged over a length of the channel of at least 50 mm, preferably at least 80 mm, to a wide
- the channel is connected to the inlet on both sides, so that a plasma jet introduced through the inlet into the nozzle arrangement is directed from both sides into the channel.
- Channel a first and a second end, which are respectively connected to the inlet.
- a distribution channel is provided between the inlet and the channel, through which the plasma jet is directed to both ends of the channel.
- the two-sided introduction of the plasma jet into the channel causes a more uniform distribution of the plasma beam intensity on the individual partial beams.
- the intensity is prevented from continuously decreasing from one end to the other end of the channel. This allows a more even
- a gas supply is provided to direct a gas, preferably nitrogen, separately from the plasma jet into the channel.
- the channel preferably has an additional gas inlet, to which a gas supply can be connected.
- a gas, preferably nitrogen is introduced separately into the channel in addition to the plasma jet. In this way, an additional cooling of the plasma jet is achieved, so that with the from the nozzle openings of the nozzle assembly emerging part beams an even more gentle treatment, especially of delicate nonwovens, is possible.
- the diameter of the nozzle openings in the channel wall corresponds to a maximum of a quarter of the channel diameter. In this way, an excessive pressure drop is prevented in the channel, so that the partial beams have a more uniform intensity.
- the cross-section of the channel widens with increasing distance from the inlet. It was recognized that through this
- Measure a pressure drop in the channel can be counteracted, so that partial beams of uniform intensity can be achieved.
- the nozzle arrangement is designed in several parts with a nozzle element which comprises the channel with the nozzle openings, and with a distributor element which comprises a distribution channel through which a plasma jet introduced through the inlet is guided on one or both sides to the channel.
- a nozzle element which comprises the channel with the nozzle openings
- a distributor element which comprises a distribution channel through which a plasma jet introduced through the inlet is guided on one or both sides to the channel.
- the nozzle assembly can be made easier.
- the nozzle element may have a groove introduced into a surface, which in the
- the distributor element may, for example, have two parts which each have a groove on the surface, resulting in the grooves in the assembled state of the distribution channel. Also in this way, the nozzle assembly can be made easier.
- the distributor channel of the distributor element preferably has an inlet and two outlets connected to the inlet for directing the plasma jet from the one inlet to both ends of the channel.
- the nozzle arrangement has a heat sink, in particular a heat sink with cooling fins for air cooling. In this way, the heat introduced by the plasma jet into the nozzle arrangement can be emitted better to the outside, so that the nozzle arrangement does not become too hot. Furthermore, in this way, the temperature of the partial beams of the plasma jet can be reduced.
- the cross-section of the channel in the region of a nozzle opening is shaped such that a notional center plane lying midway between a notional first tangent plane of the cross section through the nozzle opening and a fictitious second tangent plane of the cross section parallel thereto and parallel to the first tangent plane runs, the cross section in a first cross-sectional area at the nozzle opening and a second
- Cross-sectional area of the first cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional area of the second cross-sectional area is different, preferably by at least 5%, in particular by at least 10%.
- Channel cross section in the range from a nozzle opening to half its height above the nozzle opening on a different cross-sectional area than in the remaining area of the channel cross-section.
- the channel preferably has in the range of several elements
- Nozzle openings have a corresponding cross-section, preferably along its course from the first to the last nozzle opening.
- the channel cross-section is divided by a fictitious midplane. This fictitious
- Center plane is not really present but serves only the definition of the first and second cross-sectional area whose cross-sectional areas are compared with each other.
- the fictitious midplane runs in the middle between a fictional first
- the mid-plane between two planes is understood to mean that the midplane has the same distance from the first and the fictitious second tangent plane.
- a tangent plane of the cross section is understood to mean a plane which touches the cross section of the channel but does not intersect. The first tangent plane of the cross section passes through the
- Nozzle opening i. through the point where the nozzle opening meets the channel.
- the second tangent plane faces the first tangent plane.
- the cross section of the channel is therefore between the first and the second
- the cross section of the channel has two opposite circular segments with different radii.
- Such a cross section can be, for example, simply by two mutually offset, parallel holes
- Plasma beam intensity can be achieved on the individual partial beams. If the cross section of the channel has, for example, two opposite circular segments with different radii, then the nozzle opening is preferably in the region of Circular segment arranged with the smaller radius, in particular in its vertex.
- the nozzle arrangement is designed in several parts with a first part, in the surface of which a first recess is introduced, and with a second part, in the surface of which a second recess is introduced, wherein the first and the second part abut each other such that the first and second recesses face each other and form the channel.
- the first recess forms a first part of the channel cross section
- the second recess forms a second part of the channel cross section. If the two depressions are arranged opposite one another, this results in the entire cross section of the channel.
- This embodiment allows a particularly simple production of the channel. This is particularly advantageous if the channel has an asymmetrical cross-section, for example corresponding to one of the previously described
- Embodiments having a first and second cross-sectional area having different cross-sectional areas, or when the channel has a, for example, tapered cross-section changing along its extension direction.
- the nozzle arrangement may also have further parts.
- the first part of the nozzle arrangement may be, for example, a
- Act die element that includes the nozzle openings.
- the nozzle openings then preferably depart from the first recess.
- the second part of the nozzle arrangement may, for example, be a distributor element which comprises a distribution channel through which a plasma jet introduced through the inlet is conducted on one or both sides of the channel.
- the first part of the nozzle arrangement has a recess with Kreissegment- shaped cross-section with a first radius and the second Part of the nozzle assembly has a recess with circular segment-shaped
- Cross-section with a second radius which differs from the first radius.
- the juxtaposed first and second recesses then result in a cross section of two opposite circle segments of different radii.
- the second radius is smaller than the first radius.
- the device is adapted to an atmospheric plasma jet by means of an arc-like discharge in a
- the arc-like discharge can be generated by applying a high-frequency high voltage between electrodes.
- the atmospheric pressure a high-frequency high voltage between electrodes.
- the working gas used is preferably nitrogen (N2) or a noble gas such as argon (Ar) or helium (He) or a nitrogen-inert gas mixture.
- a high-frequency high voltage is typically a voltage of 1-100 kV, in particular 1-50 kV, preferably 2-20 kV, at a frequency of 1-300 kHz, in particular 1-100 kHz, preferably 10-100 kHz, more preferably 10 - 50 kHz understood.
- a reactive plasma jet can be generated, which enables effective plasma treatment, in particular of nonwovens, so that their penetration time is reduced.
- a plasma jet generated in this way has a comparatively low temperature.
- the device has a within the
- Discharge space arranged inner electrode. Between the inner electrode and In particular, a high-frequency high voltage can be applied to the housing in order to generate an arc-like discharge in a working gas flowing through the discharge space, so that a plasma jet is formed.
- a high-frequency high voltage can be applied to the housing in order to generate an arc-like discharge in a working gas flowing through the discharge space, so that a plasma jet is formed.
- Devices with such an inner electrode allow the generation of a stable discharge and thus a stable plasma jet.
- the apparatus is used for the plasma treatment of a nonwoven fabric, in particular for or in the manufacture of diapers, sanitary napkins or pads. It has been found that the device is particularly suitable for the plasma treatment of thin nonwoven fabrics, as in the
- the material in particular the substance or the film, in particular the plastic film or metal foil, is web-shaped and is transported past the nozzle openings of the device. In this way, the device or the method can be easily integrated into a process line, for example in a process line for the production of nonwovens for
- Hygiene articles or in a process line for the production of hygiene articles themselves are preferably transverse to the transport direction, so that the fabric or the plastic film can be treated over a corresponding width. In this way, the substance or the
- Plastic film with high throughput plasma treatment In laboratory tests, a reduction of the penetration time of the nonwoven fabric by more than 25% was achieved even with the use of a single device and a throughput of 60 m nonwoven web per minute.
- the material, in particular the substance or the film, in particular the plastic film or metal foil can be plasma-treated over the entire width.
- the material, in particular the substance or the film, in particular plastic film or metal foil can also be plasma-treated only over a partial area of the width. This is particularly advantageous for nonwovens for the production of hygiene articles for receiving liquids. For example, if only one area in the middle of the nonwoven fabric is plasma treated while laterally untreated strips remain, then a nonwoven fabric receiving and spreading layer can be made which is highly hydrophilic in the center so as to quickly absorb liquids can, but is less hydrophilic on the sides, so that at the edge of the diaper or bandage no liquid can escape to the outside.
- the described method therefore also allows a targeted
- Plasma treatment of individual areas of a nonwoven fabric or generally a fabric or a plastic film Plasma treatment of individual areas of a nonwoven fabric or generally a fabric or a plastic film.
- a region of the fabric, in particular nonwoven fabric is preferably plasma-treated in the case of the hygiene article for receiving and / or distributing liquid to be fabricated, in particular for passing a liquid to a layer arranged below the region of the fabric, in particular one Superabsorbent layer, is provided.
- the layer of plasma-treated nonwoven fabric is plasma-treated in a region which is provided for receiving and / or distributing liquid, in particular for passing a liquid to a layer arranged below this region, in particular a superabsorber layer Area in the middle a diaper or a bandage, for example, between hydrophobic or
- liquid-impermeable areas is arranged.
- the substance or the film in particular plastic film or metal foil, is transported via two rollers at the same rotational speed, the device being arranged between the two rollers.
- the substance or the film in particular the
- Plastic film or metal foil in the field of plasma treatment on a treatment table, such as an aluminum plate out. Due to the aforementioned measures, tensile forces on the substance or the film, in particular the plastic film or metal foil, can be minimized during the treatment, as a result of which damage to the substance or the film, in particular the film
- a suction can be provided in order to suck off nitrogen oxides or ozone generated during plasma jet generation.
- the suction can be integrated into the treatment table.
- the device comprises a rotary drive, which is set up to rotate the nozzle arrangement in operation about an axis of rotation.
- a rotary drive which is set up to rotate the nozzle arrangement in operation about an axis of rotation.
- the axis of rotation may, for example, be aligned substantially perpendicular to the direction of extent of the channel or parallel to the partial beams emerging from the nozzle openings, so that the partial beams sweep over a substantially circular area during the rotation of the nozzle arrangement.
- the axis of rotation can also be substantially parallel to
- Extension direction of the channel to be aligned allows, for example, an internal treatment of a pipe surface.
- the material, in particular the substance or the film is acted upon in the atmospheric pressure region by the partial beams of the plasma jet. It has been recognized that even delicate materials such as, for example, fabrics, in particular nonwovens, or film, in particular plastic or metal foil, can be treated without damage in the atmospheric pressure range with the partial beams emerging from the nozzle arrangement. As a result, in particular, an arrangement of the material to be acted upon and / or the nozzle arrangement in a vacuum chamber can be dispensed with.
- Nozzle arrangement a treatment also sensitive materials in
- Atmospheric pressure is allowed, can be dispensed with a vacuum chamber for the material to be treated, so that the method can be performed easily and inexpensively.
- the method can be performed inline, i. within a continuously operated process line, as there are no on and off interrupting operations
- Ausschleusevor réelle in a vacuum or vacuum chamber are required.
- a nozzle assembly for a device for producing an atmospheric plasma jet having an inlet through which an atmospheric plasma jet can be introduced into the nozzle assembly, and having a channel which is connected to the inlet such that one through the inlet into the
- Jet array introduced plasma jet is passed through the channel, wherein along the channel a plurality of nozzle openings are provided in the channel wall through which a guided through the channel plasma jet can emerge from the nozzle assembly.
- Nozzle assembly according to embodiment 1 or 2 wherein the channel is connected on both sides with the inlet, so that a through the inlet into the
- Jet array introduced plasma jet is passed from both sides into the channel.
- Nozzle arrangement according to one of embodiments 1 to 3 wherein the diameter of the nozzle openings in the channel wall corresponds to a maximum of a quarter of the channel diameter.
- a nozzle assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4 wherein the cross-section of the channel widens with increasing distance from the inlet.
- Nozzle arrangement according to one of embodiments 1 to 5 wherein the
- Multi-part nozzle arrangement is formed with a nozzle member which includes the channel with the nozzle openings, and with a distributor element comprising a distribution channel through which a plasma jet introduced through the inlet is guided on one or both sides of the channel.
- Cross-sectional area divides with respect to the nozzle opening, and wherein the cross-sectional area of the first cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional area of the second cross-sectional area is different, preferably by at least 5%, in particular by at least 10%.
- Nozzle arrangement according to one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the nozzle arrangement is formed in several parts with a first part, in the surface of a first recess is introduced, and with a second part, in the surface of a second recess is introduced, wherein the first and the second Part abut each other such that the first and the second recess facing each other and form the channel.
- a device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet with a discharge space wherein the device is adapted to, in the
- Discharge space to produce an atmospheric plasma jet and wherein a nozzle assembly according to one of the embodiments 1 to 9 is connected to the discharge space such that a plasma jet generated in the discharge space is introduced into the inlet of the nozzle assembly.
- Arc-like discharge by applying a high-frequency high voltage between electrodes can be generated.
- Plasma treatment of a material preferably a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or a metal foil.
- a material preferably a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or a metal foil.
- Plasma treatment of a nonwoven fabric is used, in particular for or in the manufacture of diapers, sanitary napkins or pads.
- Process for the plasma treatment of a material preferably a material, in particular a nonwoven fabric, or a film, in particular a
- Plastic film or a metal foil using a device according to embodiment 10 or 11, in which with the device
- atmospheric plasma jet is generated so that the plasma jet emerges in the form of a plurality of partial beams from the nozzle openings in the channel wall, and in which a surface of a material, preferably a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or a metal foil, is acted upon by the partial beams of the plasma jet ,
- a material preferably a substance or a film, in particular a plastic film or a metal foil
- Plasma-treated nonwoven fabric in particular ADL, produced by a
- hygiene article for receiving liquids in particular napkin or diaper, comprising a layer of plasma-treated nonwoven fabric according to
- 1 shows a device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the nozzle arrangement according to the invention and an embodiment of the device according to the invention for generating an atmospheric plasma jet in
- Fig. 3 shows the embodiment of the nozzle assembly
- Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the nozzle assembly
- Device in sectional view shows a further alternative embodiment of the nozzle arrangement and the device in sectional view
- Fig. 8 is a photograph of a plasma-treated nonwoven fabric as
- FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 15a-c channel cross sections of the nozzle assemblies from the experiments.
- the structure and operation of a device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet will first be described below.
- the device 2 comprises a tubular housing 4 in the form of a metal nozzle tube.
- the nozzle tube 4 has at its one end a conical taper 6, on which a replaceable nozzle head 8 is mounted, the outlet of which forms a nozzle opening 10, from which the plasma jet 12 exits during operation.
- a working gas inlet 14 At the nozzle opening 10 opposite end of the nozzle tube 4 is connected to a working gas inlet 14.
- the working gas supply line 14 is connected to a variable flow rate pressurized working gas source (not shown).
- a working gas 16 is introduced from the working gas source through the working gas supply line 14 into the nozzle tube 4.
- a swirl device 18 is further provided with a ring of obliquely engaged in the circumferential direction of holes 20 through which the introduced during operation in the nozzle tube 4 working gas 16 is twisted.
- the downstream part of the nozzle tube 4 is therefore traversed by the working gas 16 in the form of a vortex 22, whose core extends on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle tube 4.
- an inner electrode 24 is further centrally located, which extends in the nozzle tube 4 coaxially in the direction of the nozzle opening 10.
- the inner electrode 24 is electrically connected to the twisting device 18.
- the swirl device 18 is electrically insulated from the nozzle tube 4 by a ceramic tube 26.
- a high-frequency line 28 is a high-frequency to the inner electrode 24
- Nozzle tube 4 is grounded via a grounding line 32. By the applied voltage, a high-frequency discharge in the form of an arc 34 between the Inner electrode 24 and the nozzle tube 4 is generated. This area in the nozzle tube 4 thus represents a discharge space 36 of the device 2.
- arc arc discharge
- arc discharge arc discharge
- the working gas 16 which rotates in the region of the vortex core and thus in the immediate vicinity of the arc 34 with high flow velocity, comes into intimate contact with the arc 34 and is thereby partially transferred to the plasma state, so that an atmospheric plasma jet 12 through the nozzle opening 10th exits the device 2.
- FIG. 2 now shows an embodiment of the nozzle arrangement according to the invention and an embodiment of the device according to the invention for generating an atmospheric plasma jet in an exploded view.
- Fig. 3 shows the nozzle head and the device in a sectional view.
- the device 40 comprises the nozzle arrangement 42 and the device 2 from FIG. 1, wherein, instead of the replaceable nozzle head 8, a connection piece 44 of the nozzle arrangement 42 is connected to the nozzle tube 4.
- the fitting 44 has a tapered internal channel 46, which is the lower part of the
- Discharge space 36 of the device 2 forms. In operation, comes out of the bottom Opening 48 of the connector 44 of the plasma jet 12 from and into the other components of the nozzle assembly 42 a. Accordingly, the lower opening 48 may be considered as an inlet of the nozzle assembly 42.
- the nozzle assembly 42 further includes one of two parts 50a-b
- Nozzle member 52 is a groove 54 is introduced, which forms a channel 56 having a first end 58 and a second end 60 in the assembled state of the nozzle assembly 42 as shown in Fig. 3.
- a plurality of nozzle openings 62 are introduced alongside the channel side by side.
- the parts 50a-b of the distributor element 50 have respective grooves 64a-b which in the assembled state form a distributor channel 66.
- the distribution channel has a branch 68 and connects the inlet 48 to both the first end 58 and the second end 60 of the channel 56.
- a plasma jet 12 When a plasma jet 12 is generated in operation with the device 2, it passes through the inlet 48 at the connector 44 in the distribution channel 66 and is thus passed to both ends 58, 60 of the channel 56 and through the channel 56, so that it emerges from the nozzle arrangement 62 in the form of a plurality of partial beams 70 from the nozzle openings 62. In this way, a curtain of several juxtaposed partial beams 70 is generated, wherein the individual
- Partial beams 70 have a reduced intensity with respect to the plasma jet 12, with which, for example, a nonwoven fabric 72 guided past the nozzle openings 62 can be plasma-treated without damaging it.
- the intensity of the individual partial beams 70 can be further evened out by the fact that the channel with a slightly widening from both ends 58, 60 to the center of the channel cross-section is formed, whereby an excessive pressure drop is counteracted at greater distances to the inlet 48.
- the nozzle arrangement 42 also has a cooling body 74 of aluminum with cooling ribs 76 surrounding the other components, through which the heat load introduced into the nozzle arrangement 42 by the plasma jet 12 can be dissipated.
- Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the nozzle assembly and the device in a sectional view.
- the device 40 'and the nozzle assembly 42' are substantially identical to the device 40 and the nozzle assembly 42.
- the same parts are each provided with the same reference numerals.
- the nozzle assembly 42 'differs from the nozzle assembly 42 only in that the channel 56 is connected to the inlet 48, that the
- Plasma jet is directed from one side into the channel 56.
- the distributor element 50 'and the nozzle element 52' are formed as shown in FIG. 4.
- the cross-section of the channel 56 may optionally slightly expand with increasing distance from the inlet 48 (i.e., left to right in Fig. 4).
- Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the nozzle assembly and the device in a sectional view.
- the device 40 "and the nozzle assembly 42" are substantially identical to the device 40 'and the nozzle assembly 42'. Identical parts are each provided with the same reference numerals.
- the nozzle arrangement 42 "differs from the nozzle arrangement 42 'only in that an additional gas supply 57 is provided, through which a gas 59 can be introduced into the channel 56 separately from the plasma jet 5, the groove 54 "extends as far as the edge of the nozzle element 52" and in the cooling body 74 ", an opening is provided for introducing the gas 59 into the channel 56.
- the gas 59 in particular nitrogen
- the plasma jet be additionally cooled in the channel 56, so that from the
- Nozzle openings 62 exiting partial beams 70 allow a very gentle treatment of nonwovens.
- Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the use according to the invention and of the method according to the invention.
- the device 40 can be used to treat sensitive nonwoven fabrics with plasma.
- the web-shaped nonwoven fabric 72 can be guided past the nozzle openings of the device 40 (or alternatively also 40 'or 40 "), as illustrated in Figures 3 - 5, to treat the nonwoven fabric 72 over its entire length as illustrated in Fig. 4 preferably transverse to
- Transport direction of the nonwoven web 72 is arranged so that the nonwoven fabric 72 can be treated with the device 40 over a certain width, optionally over the entire width or a partial width of the nonwoven web 72.
- the nonwoven web 72 is guided in front of and behind the treatment area 77 with the device 40 in each case via a roller 78a-b, which is connected to the same
- a treatment table 79 is provided in the form of an aluminum plate over which the
- Nonwoven web 72 is guided in the treatment area 77.
- suction openings 80 are provided in the treatment table 79, can be sucked through the ozone or nitrogen oxides, which arise in the preferred use of nitrogen as a working gas for the device 2 and 40 respectively.
- the device 40 allows a damage-free treatment of sensitive materials such as the nonwoven web 72 even under atmospheric pressure, the device can be operated as shown in Fig. 6 without a vacuum chamber. In particular, inline operation, in particular within a continuous process line, is possible because no infeed and outfeed operations are required.
- Fig. 7 shows a photograph of an untreated nonwoven fabric from the side.
- Nonwoven fabric consists of individual intertwined fibers, in particular plastic fibers, which give a relatively compact material.
- the illustrated nonwoven fabric has a thickness of about 1 mm.
- FIG. 8 shows a photograph of the nonwoven fabric of FIG. 7 after being plasma treated with the apparatus 40 shown in FIG. Fig. 8 thus shows
- Embodiment of the plasma-treated nonwoven fabric according to the invention has a greatly increased thickness of about 5 mm and correspondingly a less compact structure of lower density. It has been found that this leads to an improvement in the capillarity of the nonwoven fabric, so that liquids are better passed through the fabric. Furthermore, the plasma treatment achieved a hydrophilization of the fibers, so that the substance can absorb liquids faster.
- FIGS. 9a-b now show an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention
- Hygiene article for receiving liquids in a plan view (FIG. 9 a) and in section (FIG. 9 b) along the sectional plane designated "IXb" in FIG. 9 a
- Hygiene article 82 is in the present case a bandage, a corresponding structure is also possible with a diaper or edition.
- the hygiene article 82 has a shaping outer layer 83, a
- Superabsorbent layer 84 (so-called absorbent core), a distribution layer (ADL / AQL) 86 of plasma-treated nonwoven fabric, for example, from the nonwoven fabric 72 of FIG. 4, a receiving layer 88 of nonwoven fabric treated in sections and a Cotton layer 90 as a cover on.
- the superabsorber layer 84 may comprise, for example, liquid-absorbent powder, in particular superabsorbent polymers. When used as intended, the cotton layer with the
- the receiving fleece 88 arranged underneath is plasma-treated only in the middle 92, while the edges 94 are untreated. In this way, the receiving web 88 has hydrophilic properties in the center 92, so that liquid is conducted well into the underlying distribution layer 86. On the edges 94, however, the receiving fleece 88 has hydrophobic properties, thereby preventing liquid from leaking at the edges of the hygiene article 82.
- the targeted plasma treatment in the center 92 of the receiving fleece 88 can in particular replace the hydrophilization used in the prior art and more complex in terms of process technology by the application of surfactants.
- the distribution layer 86 arranged below the receiving fleece 88 distributes the
- Hygiene article 82 can be reduced, since even with less expensive nonwovens 72 receiving or distribution layers can be achieved with a short penetration time.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show further embodiments and possible uses of the device described above.
- the device 100 shown in Fig. 10 has a similar construction as the device 40 of Fig. 2, wherein the device 2 and the connector 44, however, are positioned centrally of the nozzle assembly 42 and the distributor element 50 of the nozzle assembly 42 has a correspondingly adapted course of the distributor channel 66 has.
- the device 100 may also be similar to the device 40 'of FIG. 4 or the device 40 "of FIG. 5.
- the nozzle arrangement 42 is rotatable by means of a rotary drive 102 about an axis perpendicular to the extension direction of the channel 56. In this way, with the emerging from the nozzle openings 62 partial beams 70, a larger surface area are swept over, so that the device 100 for large-scale
- Plasma treatment 100 can be used.
- Plastic film can be used.
- FIG. 11 shows an alternative device 110, which again has a similar construction to the device 40 from FIG. 2, wherein the device 2 and the
- connecting piece 44 are positioned laterally on the nozzle arrangement 42 and the distributor element 50 of the nozzle arrangement 42 has a correspondingly adapted profile of the distribution channel 66.
- the device 110 may also be similar to the device 40 'of FIG. 4 or the device 40 "of FIG. 5.
- the nozzle assembly 42 is rotatable about an axis parallel to the direction of extension of the channel 56 by means of a rotary drive 112.
- the device 110 can likewise be used for the plasma treatment of a substance, in particular a nonwoven fabric, or a plastic film.
- the device 110 may also be used for other purposes.
- a tubular member from the inside are subjected to plasma, for example, to treat a pipe inner wall with plasma.
- Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the invention
- Nozzle arrangement and the device according to the invention are substantially identical to the device 40' and the nozzle assembly 42 'of Fig. 4. The same parts are each the same
- the nozzle assembly 42 "" differs from the nozzle assembly 42 'in that the nozzle member 52 "' has a first channel-shaped recess 120 and the nozzle
- Distributor element 50 "'have a second channel-shaped recess 122, wherein the distributor element 50"' and the nozzle element 52 "'abut each other such that the first and the second channel-shaped recess 120 and 122 opposite each other and the channel 56' 'form.
- Recesses 120 and 122 are shaped accordingly.
- the nozzle openings 62 depart from the first recess 120.
- each of the first and second channel-shaped recesses 120, 122 may have a semicircular cross-section of the same radius such that the channel 56 "'has a circular cross-section.
- 122 may, for example, decrease continuously in the direction of extent of the channel 56 '"so that a channel 56'" of decreasing cross-section results
- Such a cross-section of the channel 56 '' can be made much cheaper and easier by the two recesses 120, 122 than at a channel in solid material.
- FIGS. 13a-c show three further possible cross sections 124 ', 124 "and 124".
- Nozzle assembly The figures show the sake of clarity, only the Section plane without representation of edges lying behind.
- the nozzle arrangements respectively correspond to the nozzle arrangement 42 "'of FIG. 12, wherein the first recess and the second recess as well as the channel 56"' formed thereby each have one of the cross sections 124 ', 124 "or 124' illustrated in FIGS. 13a-c "' having.
- the schematic cross-sectional representations in FIGS. 13a-c correspond in each case to the sectional plane designated "XIII" in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 13 a shows a first depression 120 'in the nozzle element 52' "and a second depression 122 'in the distributor element 50"', each having a semicircular cross-section, wherein the semicircle diameter of the second depression 122 'is greater than that
- FIG. 13a further shows the fictitious first tangent plane 130 of the cross-section 124 'through the nozzle opening 62 and the fictitious second tangent plane 132 opposite and parallel thereto.
- the first tangent plane 132 passes through the mouth of the nozzle opening 62 into the channel and tangentially to the depression 124 or to the cross section 124 '. Tangential here means that the first
- Tangency plane 124 the channel cross section 124 'touched, but this does not cut.
- FIG. 13b likewise shows a first depression 120 "in the nozzle element 52" 'and a second depression 122 "in the distributor element 50"', each having a semicircular shape
- Tangent plane 130 and 132 and the notional center plane 134 which divides the cross-section 124 "into a first cross-sectional area 126" at the nozzle opening 62 and into a second cross-sectional area 128 "opposite the nozzle opening 62.
- the different semicircular radii of the two cavities 120" and 122 Fig. 13c shows a first depression 120 "'in the nozzle member 52"' of triangular cross-section and a second depression 122 "'in the manifold member 50'" semicircular cross-section, so that the cross-section shown in Fig. 13c 124 '' results.
- the fictitious first and second tangent planes 130 and 123 and the notional center plane 134 are also shown in FIG.
- the position of the fictitious center plane 134 is basically independent of the
- Channels 56 "' achieve a more even distribution of the plasma power to the partial beams emerging from the individual nozzle openings 62.
- Particularly good results were achieved when the cross-sectional area of the second cross-sectional area with respect to the nozzle opening 62 larger than the cross-sectional area of the first cross-sectional area, so that the embodiments shown in Figs. 13a and 13c are particularly preferred.
- Experiments have been carried out that have the advantages of asymmetric
- FIG. 14a-c show photographs taken from Figs.
- Fig. 15a-c shows the associated channel cross-sections 140, 142, 144 of the nozzle arrangements respectively used for the experiments. The nozzle arrangements are respectively arranged at the top in FIGS. 14a-c; the
- FIGS. 14a-c actually show the photographic negatives, so that the actually luminous partial beams are dark and the dark surroundings are bright.
- FIG. 14a shows the photograph of the partial beams of a nozzle arrangement with a circular channel cross-section 140 corresponding to FIG. 15a.
- Each depression has a semicircular shape with one
- FIG. 14b shows the photograph of the partial beams from a nozzle arrangement with an asymmetrical channel cross-section 142 corresponding to FIG. 15b.
- FIG. 14c shows the photograph of the partial beams from a nozzle arrangement with an asymmetrical channel cross section 144 corresponding to FIG. 15c.
- a comparison of the photographs in Fig. 14a-c shows that the intensity of the plasma jet in the asymmetrical channel cross sections 142 and 144 (see Fig. 14b-c) is better distributed to the sub-beams emerging from the nozzle openings 62 than in the symmetrical channel cross-section 140 (see Fig. 14a). This manifests itself in particular in the lengths of the visible luminous regions of the partial beams (dark in FIGS. 14a-c), which is quite different in FIG. 14a. So are the visible areas of the
- Partial rays in Figure 14a on the left side are significantly shorter than on the right side.
- a particularly uniform distribution of the plasma jet to the partial beams was achieved with the channel cross-section 142 (see Fig. 14b), in which the second
- Cross-sectional area has a larger cross-sectional area than the first
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Abstract
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DE102016125699.4A DE102016125699A1 (de) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | Düsenanordnung, Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines atmosphärischen Plasmastrahls, Verwendung derselben, Verfahren zur Plasmabehandlung eines Stoffs oder einer Kunststofffolie, plasmabehandelter Vliesstoff und Verwendung desselben |
DE102017118572 | 2017-08-15 | ||
PCT/EP2017/084189 WO2018115335A1 (de) | 2016-12-23 | 2017-12-21 | Düsenanordnung und vorrichtung zur erzeugung eines atmosphärischen plasmastrahls |
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KR102492662B1 (ko) * | 2021-03-08 | 2023-01-27 | (주)에이피아이 | 분사 노즐 장치 |
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2017
- 2017-12-21 US US16/468,218 patent/US11357093B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-21 WO PCT/EP2017/084189 patent/WO2018115335A1/de active Search and Examination
- 2017-12-21 EP EP17835848.7A patent/EP3560301B1/de active Active
- 2017-12-21 CN CN201780080158.6A patent/CN110178449B/zh active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN110178449B (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
EP3560301B1 (de) | 2021-01-20 |
WO2018115335A1 (de) | 2018-06-28 |
US11357093B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
US20190394867A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
CN110178449A (zh) | 2019-08-27 |
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