EP3543368A1 - Hoch-entropie-legierungen für verkleidungskomponenten - Google Patents

Hoch-entropie-legierungen für verkleidungskomponenten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3543368A1
EP3543368A1 EP18162716.7A EP18162716A EP3543368A1 EP 3543368 A1 EP3543368 A1 EP 3543368A1 EP 18162716 A EP18162716 A EP 18162716A EP 3543368 A1 EP3543368 A1 EP 3543368A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
atomic concentration
main elements
equal
alloy according
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18162716.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3543368B1 (de
Inventor
Joël Porret
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication date
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Priority to EP18162716.7A priority Critical patent/EP3543368B1/de
Priority to JP2019019528A priority patent/JP6802866B2/ja
Priority to US16/271,925 priority patent/US20190292633A1/en
Priority to KR1020190017908A priority patent/KR102180486B1/ko
Priority to CN201910207000.1A priority patent/CN110306094A/zh
Publication of EP3543368A1 publication Critical patent/EP3543368A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/006—Amorphous alloys with Cr as the major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/008—Amorphous alloys with Fe, Co or Ni as the major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/08—Amorphous alloys with aluminium as the major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high entropy alloy and a dressing component for a watch or jewel made in this alloy.
  • Austenitic stainless steels generally contain nickel and also have limited hardnesses ( ⁇ 300 HV in the annealed state). Martensitic stainless steels are hard (> 600 HV) but ferromagnetic.
  • titanium alloys such as titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V)
  • Ti6Al4V titanium grade 5
  • amorphous metals also very interesting for the dressing components, may have hardnesses greater than 500 HV.
  • very particular implementations are necessary to obtain amorphous metal components, which further limits their use as a trim element.
  • high-entropy alloys are all alloys containing at least 5 main elements with an atomic fraction between 5 and 35%, elements with an atomic fraction of less than 5% being considered as minor. To date, it is accepted that alloys containing 4 main elements can also be considered as high entropy alloys.
  • the high entropy resulting from the mixing of many main elements would make it possible to stabilize the phases in solid solution with respect to the formation of potentially embrittling intermetallic phases.
  • unique and poorly observed properties in traditional alloys based on one or two major elements are obtained.
  • obtaining simple phases in solid solution is very interesting because it promotes good polishability and good resistance to corrosion.
  • the mixture of many different elements gives rise to hardening by solid solution.
  • high-entropy single-phase alloys high hardness has already been demonstrated, particularly for those with a centered cubic structure.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a high-entropy alloy with a composition specifically adapted to the needs of dressing components.
  • the present invention thus aims more particularly at developing an alloy having, after use, a hardness greater than or equal to 400 HV, a non-ferromagnetic behavior and a high resistance to corrosion.
  • the alloy contains 3 main elements which are Cr, Fe and V each having atomic concentrations of between 20 and 40%. It further contains as main element Al and / or Si having the effect of annihilating the ferromagnetic behavior of the alloy. These elements each have an atomic concentration greater than or equal to 5% with a total atomic concentration for Al and Si less than or equal to 25%.
  • the alloy may, in addition, optionally comprise one or more main elements chosen from Mn, Mo, Ti and Ni each having an atomic concentration greater than or equal to 5% with a total atomic concentration for these 4 main elements less than or equal to 35%. %.
  • the Ni content is specifically maintained at a value of less than 20% in order to avoid, during the implementation and in particular of the heat treatments, the formation of unwanted phases which weaken the material and reduce the resistance to corrosion. .
  • Some grades are otherwise devoid of Ni to ensure high biocompatibility.
  • the balance may be composed of possible impurities and / or one or more minor elements each having an atomic concentration of less than 5%.
  • the material obtained after implementation has, depending on the composition and the thermomechanical treatments, a single phase with a cubic centered structure, which promotes a good resistance to corrosion and good polishability for a better surface finish or in the case of multiphase alloys, a matrix (main phase) with centered cubic structure reinforced with nanoprecipitates. It has the other advantage of having a color similar to that of austenitic stainless steels.
  • the present invention relates to high entropy alloys and their use for display components for watches or jewelery, in particular for components intended to be in contact with the skin.
  • the dressing component may be a middle part, a bottom, a bezel, a pusher, a crown, a bracelet link, a dial, a needle, a dial index, a clasp, etc.
  • a watch case 1 made of the alloy according to the invention is represented in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the alloys comprise between 4 and 9 main elements.
  • principal elements are meant elements having an atomic concentration greater than or equal to 5%.
  • the alloys have the following 3 main elements: Cr, Fe, V with an atomic concentration between 20 and 40%. They also comprise 1 or 2 main elements chosen from Al and Si with a total atomic concentration for these two elements of less than or equal to 25%. They also optionally include one or more main elements selected from the Mn, Mo, Ti and Ni with a total atomic concentration for these 4 main elements less than or equal to 35%.
  • the total atomic concentration for all the aforementioned main elements is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the balance may, optionally, contain minor elements selected from the list including Si, Mn, Mo, Al, Nb, H, B, C, N, O, Mg, Sc, Ti, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pt and Au. Minor elements are elements with an atomic concentration of less than 5%.
  • the balance may also contain residual impurities from the implementation.
  • the shaping processes are conceivable. It is in particular possible to obtain these alloys by casting, by powder metallurgy processes, by additive manufacturing techniques or by layer deposition technologies. This also includes possible thermomechanical treatments (heat treatment, hot deformation, cold deformation) and sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) steps.
  • thermomechanical treatments heat treatment, hot deformation, cold deformation
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the alloys according to the invention After shaping and carrying out possible thermomechanical treatments, the alloys according to the invention present predominantly a centered cubic structure (BCC), which can be disordered (structure A2, space group Im3m ) or ordered (structure B2, space group Pm3m ).
  • BCC centered cubic structure
  • a single-phase microstructure can be obtained at ambient temperature for the alloys according to the invention which contain neither Ni nor Ti as main elements, nor minor elements, which promotes resistance to corrosion and polishability .
  • the alloys according to the invention may have a microstructure with a second phase in the form of precipitates which in certain cases make it possible to improve the mechanical properties (hardness, ductility, tenacity, etc. .).
  • the precipitates are small with nanometric sizes and the matrix has a substantially unchanged composition, i.e. that it retains a composition which satisfies the definition of the alloys according to the invention (phases in solid multi-element solution), the good polishability, the high resistance to corrosion as well as the absence of ferromagnetism are preserved.
  • the addition of Ni or Ni and Ti is particularly interesting, since this makes it possible to obtain very hardening nanoprecipitates.
  • the alloys according to the invention have, after use, the following properties required for the covering components: non-ferromagnetic behavior, hardness greater than or equal to 400HV, high resistance to corrosion, with in particular no sign of corrosion after the Salt spray test according to ISO 9227.
  • alloy compositions which fulfill all these criteria after elaboration are given in table 1 below.
  • the alloys were developed by arc melting without further heat treatment.
  • the atomic fractions have been rounded to the nearest integer and the hardnesses have been rounded to the nearest ten.
  • the addition of nickel makes it possible to significantly increase the hardness, thanks to the formation of NiAI nanoprecipitates in the matrix with a cubic centered structure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP18162716.7A 2018-03-20 2018-03-20 Hoch-entropie-legierungen für verkleidungskomponenten Active EP3543368B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18162716.7A EP3543368B1 (de) 2018-03-20 2018-03-20 Hoch-entropie-legierungen für verkleidungskomponenten
JP2019019528A JP6802866B2 (ja) 2018-03-20 2019-02-06 外装部品のための高エントロピー合金
US16/271,925 US20190292633A1 (en) 2018-03-20 2019-02-11 High entropy alloy for external components
KR1020190017908A KR102180486B1 (ko) 2018-03-20 2019-02-15 외부 컴포넌트를 위한 고엔트로피 합금
CN201910207000.1A CN110306094A (zh) 2018-03-20 2019-03-19 用于外部组件的高熵合金

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EP18162716.7A EP3543368B1 (de) 2018-03-20 2018-03-20 Hoch-entropie-legierungen für verkleidungskomponenten

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EP3543368A1 true EP3543368A1 (de) 2019-09-25
EP3543368B1 EP3543368B1 (de) 2020-08-05

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CN113774295A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2021-12-10 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 一种Al-Ni-Zr-Y-Co高熵非晶合金及其制备方法
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CN110777273B (zh) * 2018-07-31 2020-10-16 哈尔滨工业大学 一种提升难熔高熵合金的室温塑性的方法
CN111321335A (zh) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-23 中南大学 一种高耐蚀高强韧FeCrNi系多主元合金及其制备方法
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CN113444955B (zh) * 2021-06-01 2022-03-22 西安理工大学 一种含共晶组织的高熵合金及其制备方法
CN113564493A (zh) * 2021-08-10 2021-10-29 成都大学 一种高熵合金增强FeCrAl合金包壳材料及其制备工艺
CN113774295A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2021-12-10 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 一种Al-Ni-Zr-Y-Co高熵非晶合金及其制备方法
WO2023093464A1 (zh) * 2021-11-23 2023-06-01 燕山大学 一种高熵奥氏体不锈钢及其制备方法
CN114657439A (zh) * 2022-04-19 2022-06-24 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 一种具有良好室温塑性的难熔高熵合金及其制备方法

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