EP3510210B1 - Elevation of wooden elements - Google Patents
Elevation of wooden elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3510210B1 EP3510210B1 EP17771592.7A EP17771592A EP3510210B1 EP 3510210 B1 EP3510210 B1 EP 3510210B1 EP 17771592 A EP17771592 A EP 17771592A EP 3510210 B1 EP3510210 B1 EP 3510210B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wooden element
- wooden
- notches
- micro
- super
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
- E04C2/328—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material slightly bowed or folded panels not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
- E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0248—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of elements made of wood
Definitions
- the invention relates to an elevation of wooden elements, especially for ceilings and roofs.
- HBV construction with board stacking elements is popular when building single and multi-family houses.
- the simple system combines the good properties of wood and concrete.
- cross-laminated timber for creating load-bearing ceilings and in particular wood-concrete composite ceilings
- Mechanical fasteners such as screws or flat steel are mostly used to connect wood and concrete.
- the same problem arises in the construction process as with board stacking elements.
- the cross-laminated timber panels have to be under-pressed, which slows down the construction process and requires more work.
- DE9408382U1 discloses, among other things, wooden layers with grooves for ceilings that can be filled with a foaming filler.
- this goal is achieved by an inflated wooden element and a method for producing one.
- the invention is characterized in that the wooden element is raised by inserting an expansive material into incisions in the surface of the wooden element.
- micro-notches in particular their shape and / or dimensioning, result in a particularly good hold between the wooden element and the composite material of a wooden composite ceiling, without weakening the load-bearing capacity of the wooden element.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a, preferably uniaxial, wooden element 1 for an HBV ceiling.
- the wooden element 1 has incisions 2 on one surface which are designed to be filled with an expansive material.
- the surface is preferably the surface which is later in contact with a concrete layer of the HBV ceiling.
- These incisions 2 are preferably cut in the manufacture of the wooden element 1, for example in the factory. However, the incisions 2 could also be cut directly on the construction site.
- the incisions 2 can be achieved, for example, by a milling machine or a saw or other cutting tools.
- the incisions are preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, preferably 2 mm to 50 mm, wide and 5 mm to 150 mm, preferably 10 mm to 80 mm, deep. However, the incisions 2 can also have other dimensions.
- the incisions 2 are filled with an expansive material to raise the wooden element 1.
- the expansive material is designed to expand after filling, so that the expansive material presses on the side walls of the incisions 2 and leads to an elevation of the wooden element 1 as shown in FIG Fig. 2 is shown.
- the expansive material can be made, for example, from two materials which, when mixed, carry out a chemical reaction which leads to an expansion of the mixture.
- An example of an expansive material is explosive mortar (also called source explosive), which is produced by mixing with water and swelling after mixing.
- the expansive material is preferably liquid or pasty, so that it can be inserted (cast or lubricated) easily and quickly into the incisions 2.
- the expansive material is preferably introduced into the incisions 2 at the construction site, so that the cant is only generated on site. This has the advantage that the wooden elements 1 continue to be cuboid for transport and are easier to stack. However, the expansion with the expansive material could also be made in the factory.
- Fig. 3 now shows the HBV ceiling with the wooden element 1.
- the elevated wooden element 1 is held by (here two) brackets 5. Both supports, such as supports, walls, wall elements, metal elements, etc., as well as suspension supports, such as, for example, ropes, cables, etc., can act as supports 5.
- the wooden element 1 can possibly be connected to the brackets 5, for example screwed.
- the elevation of the wooden element 1 is preferably designed such that the wooden element 1 is at the lowest point at which the wooden element 1 is held by the brackets 5 and rises between this point to a highest point and then drops again.
- the wooden element 1 thus forms a kind of arch.
- the apex is preferably arranged centrally between the two support points.
- asymmetrical arches can also be used for certain applications with asymmetrical load distribution.
- the liquid concrete 3 is now applied to the raised wooden element 1.
- the weight of the concrete 3 pushes the elevated wooden element 1 back into a less elevated position.
- the less elevated position can be an arc with a lower apex / maximum point, ideally a straight line or, in the less favorable case, also a negative arc, the apex of which lies below the supporting points.
- a water-impermeable layer for example a plastic film, is preferably arranged between the surface of the wooden element 1 and the concrete layer 3.
- composite materials such as screws, notches, etc. are preferably used.
- the wooden element 1 can be a solid wood element.
- the fiber direction is advantageously aligned in the direction of wear and / or aligned at right angles to the incisions 2.
- the wooden element 1 can also be an element from a plurality of glued wooden elements.
- the wooden element 1 is a board stack element with several boards glued or dowelled in parallel, the main fiber directions of which are all aligned in parallel.
- the adhesive surface or contact surface between the boards of the board stacking element is in each case perpendicular to the surface of the wooden element 1.
- Such board stacking elements or solid wood elements are particularly suitable for areas of application in which the wooden element 1 or the HBV ceiling only requires one direction of wear. This is the case, for example, with bridges or with ceilings whose wearing behavior is oriented in one direction only.
- the wooden element 1 it is also possible for the wooden element 1 to be a plywood element, i.e. consists of several parallel layers of wood, the main fiber direction of which is glued (preferably glued) twisted in adjacent layers by a certain angle, preferably 90 °.
- Plywood elements are particularly suitable for applications in which the wooden element 1 or the HBV ceiling has several directions of wear.
- One such application is, for example, an HBV ceiling that supports the loads on brackets 5, e.g. Supports, transferred to all four sides or corners.
- FIG. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of wooden elements 1 made of plywood with layers with a first main fiber direction 1.1 and Layers 1.2 with a second main fiber direction (preferably at right angles to the first).
- the wooden element 1 is also formed by a plurality of plywood elements connected at the end.
- the frontal connection 4 can by an adhesive that in WO2014 / 173633 is described in detail, or other connection techniques can be achieved.
- the four plates shown here can also be produced from a single plate.
- the incisions 2 can, for example, by circles (see Fig. 5 ), Rectangles, ellipses, crosses, closed or not closed curves are formed. However, other shapes of the incisions 2 are also possible, which lead to an elevation of the wooden element 1. These are preferably aligned coaxially around an apex. These circles or other shapes can be used to produce two-dimensionally arc-shaped wooden elements 1 (like a vault).
- FIG. 7 and 8 show other shapes for the incisions 2 for multi-panel wooden elements 1 or wood panels.
- Multi-panel means that the wooden panel 1 is made from a large number of smaller wooden panels (panels). This makes it possible to achieve large wooden panels which are mounted on brackets 5, for example pillars.
- Fig. 7 the elevation is achieved by cuts 2 arranged in a cross shape (at right angles to one another).
- Fig. 8 an example of free-running incisions 2 is shown.
- the arrangement of the incisions 2 is an important parameter for checking the desired shape of the cant.
- the incisions 2 are straight and parallel to each other. This results in a curvature of the wooden part in a straight line perpendicular to the incisions. Since the curvature should generally follow a main fiber direction, the incisions 2 are preferably formed at right angles to the main fiber direction of the wooden element 1.
- the incisions 2 are arranged coaxially with one another. This enables two-dimensional curvatures (vaults) to be formed. The strength of the curvature can be varied locally by the distance between two incisions 2. In Fig.
- the shape of the longitudinal axis of the incisions 2 also has an influence on the shape of the cant. In the case of straight incisions 2, the cant is achieved in one direction. In the case of coaxial circular incisions 2, a round arch-like elevation is achieved.
- the excessive wooden elements 1 described can also be used for other composite wood ceilings with a different composite material.
- Composite materials other than concrete are e.g. Cement, mortar, plastic or other conceivable composite materials. Concrete is intended to be used only as an example of a composite material in the description.
- the described elevated wooden elements 1 can also be used in general for ceilings and roofs with supporting elevated wooden elements 1, e.g. for wood pile ceilings.
- the described excessive wooden elements 1 can also be used for purposes other than ceilings and roofs, e.g. for bridges.
- the wooden element 1 additionally has micro-notches on the surface on which the concrete layer is to lie, which create a connection between the wooden element 1 and the concrete 3, and does not require any screws or other connecting elements.
- the surface preferably has areas 6 with micro-notches and areas 7 without micro-notches.
- the regions 7 are without micro-notches on the extremities on which the wooden element 1 is carried by the supports 5 and / or at the apex / in the middle of the Wooden element 1 arranged.
- the area 6 with the micro-notches can also be arranged over the entire surface or in other areas.
- the longitudinal axes of the micro-notches shown are arranged at right angles to or to one of the main fiber directions of the wooden element 1.
- Fig. 11 shows a first enlargement XI of the micro-notches Fig. 9 in a cross section oriented at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the micro-notches.
- the micro-notches are wedge-shaped, with a short cut side and a long cut side.
- the short cut side of the micro-notches is preferably arranged on the side of the micro-notches which faces the holder 5, ie the surface normal of the short cut side of the micro-notches points in the direction of the center of the wooden element between the holders 5.
- Another orientation can be, for example, the arrangement of the short cut side (in each case on the side of the holder 5) and / or the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the micro-notches in the at least two regions 6.
- the projection of the gradient of the slope of the long cut side onto the surface is preferred parallel to the or one of the main fiber directions of the wooden element 1.
- the surface of the wooden element 1 can also mean the plane of the unprocessed surface 7 in areas 6 of the micro-notches.
- Figure 12A shows a further enlargement XII of the micro-notches Fig. 11 .
- the angle ⁇ between the long cut side and the surface of the wooden element 1 is preferably less than 30 °, preferably less than 20 °, preferably less than 15 °.
- the angle ⁇ between the long cut side and the surface of the wooden element 1 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 °.
- the angle ⁇ between the orthonormal of the surface of the wooden element 1 and the short cut side of the micro-notches can be 0 °, ie the micro-notches have a short cut side which is arranged at right angles to the surface of the wooden element 1.
- the short cut side is preferably undercut, so that the concrete layer is in the short cut sides wedged.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably less than 30 °, preferably less than 20 °, preferably less than 15 °.
- the micro-notches are preferably dimensioned so small that a surprisingly good bond between the concrete and the wooden element 1 can be achieved and at the same time the wood wear can be minimized and the load-bearing capacity of the wooden element 1 can be maximized.
- the micro-notch has a depth (b) less than 10 mm, preferably less than 6 mm, and a width (a) less than 100 mm, preferably less than 60 mm.
- the depth is preferably greater than 2 mm and a width greater than 7 mm, preferably greater than 20 mm.
- a particularly good result was obtained with a depth of 4 mm and a width of 45 mm.
- the width a of the micro-notches corresponds to the distance d between two micro-notches
- the micro-notches can also have a distance d which is greater than the width a.
- Such an embodiment is in Figure 12B shown.
- There is a further distance c between the end of the long cut side that leads back to the surface and the end of the short cut side that leads to the surface, where a + c d.
- the distance d between two adjacent micro-notches is less than twice the width a.
- the distance d between two adjacent micro-notches is less than 500 mm, preferably less than 300 mm, preferably less than 200 mm.
- Fig. 13 now shows the embodiment Fig. 5 with the micro-notches described.
- the micro-notches are here formed parallel to the four sides of the wooden element 1, so that the longitudinal axes of the micro-notches form a rectangle around the center or the apex of the wooden element 1.
- Fig. 14 shows an alternative embodiment of FIG Fig. 13 with micro-notches diagonally to the sides of the wooden plate 1 run.
- the longitudinal axes (which would be tangents here) of the micro-notches could form a circular line.
- the shape of the micro notches in the longitudinal direction can be chosen arbitrarily.
- micro-notches show a very advantageous combination of micro-notches and cuts 2.
- the micro-notches can also be used for HBV ceilings without cuts 2 and cant.
- the micro-notches preferably have a wedge-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- the short cut side preferably has an undercut.
- the micro-notches preferably have a depth (b) less than 10 mm, preferably less than 6 mm, and a width (a) less than 100 mm, preferably less than 60 mm.
- the depth is preferably greater than 2 mm and the width is greater than 7 mm, preferably greater than 20 mm.
- the micro-notches are preferably designed as described above.
- the micro-notches are circular.
- the circles of the micro-notches preferably run around corresponding brackets 5 (preferably pillars).
- the micro-notches are cross-shaped, star-shaped or sun-shaped, ie with radially extending micro-notch areas.
- the micro-notch areas have micro-notches with longitudinal axes that extend at right angles to the corresponding radial direction.
- the radial areas of the micro-notches preferably extend from corresponding holders 5 (preferably support pillars).
- the micro-notches are preferably in Fig. 17 and 18th arranged so that the short cut sides are formed on the side of the bracket 5.
- individual fields are formed with uniform micro-notches. However, the fields are like this to the wooden plate 1 composed that adjacent fields have different longitudinal directions of the micro-notches.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Überhöhung von Holzelementen, insbesondere für Decken und Dächer.The invention relates to an elevation of wooden elements, especially for ceilings and roofs.
Die HBV-Bauweise mit Brettstapelelementen ist beim Bau von Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäuser beliebt. Das einfache System verbindet die guten Eigenschaften von Holz und Beton.HBV construction with board stacking elements is popular when building single and multi-family houses. The simple system combines the good properties of wood and concrete.
Bei solchen Decken wird das untenliegende Holzelement vor allem auf Zug und der darauf liegende Beton hauptsächlich auf Druck beansprucht. Die schubfeste Verbindung zwischen Brettstapelelementen und dem Beton wird unter anderem mit eingefrästen Kerben, zusammen mit, auf der Baustelle montierten, Schrauben erreicht. Zurzeit werden wenige, dafür grosse Kerben angeordnet. Die Kerben und Schrauben verteuern die Herstellung von HBV-Decke mit Brettstapel, da einerseits viel Material ausgefräst werden muss und zusätzliche Arbeitsschritte auf der Baustelle notwendig sind.
Heutzutage werden die Brettstapelelemente auf der Baustelle unterspriesst (abgestützt) bevor der Beton darauf gegossen wird. Dies ist nötig, da sich die Elemente unter der Last des Frischbetons sonst zu stark durchbiegen würden. Das Unterspriessen und die langen Ausschalungszeiten führen zu einem langsameren Bauablauf und zu höheren Kosten. Auch bei anderen Bauteilen aus Holz sind die grossen Durchbiegungen ein Problem. Brettschichtholzträger werden deshalb teilweise überhöht hergestellt oder nachträglich gehobelt, so dass eine Überhöhung entsteht, um das Unterspriessen zu vermeiden. Allerdings ist der Herstellungsaufwand von überhöhten Holzelementen aufwendig, und bei einem nachträglichen aushobeln der Überhöhung der Materialverbrauch hoch.
Die Verwendung von Brettsperrholz zur Erstellung von tragenden Decken und insbesondere von Holz-Beton-Verbunddecken ist bekannt. Als Verbindung zwischen Holz und Beton werden meistens mechanische Verbindungsmittel wie Schrauben oder Flachstähle benutzt. Im Bauablauf tritt die gleiche Problematik auf wie bei Brettstapelelementen. Um Durchbiegungen zu verhindern müssen die Brettsperrholzplatten unterspriesst werden, was den Bauprozess verlangsamt und mehr Arbeitsleistung erfordert.The use of cross-laminated timber for creating load-bearing ceilings and in particular wood-concrete composite ceilings is known. Mechanical fasteners such as screws or flat steel are mostly used to connect wood and concrete. The same problem arises in the construction process as with board stacking elements. In order to prevent deflections, the cross-laminated timber panels have to be under-pressed, which slows down the construction process and requires more work.
Es ist ein Ziel der Erfindung, die beschriebenen Probleme des Stands der Technik zu lösen.It is an object of the invention to solve the problems of the prior art described.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dieses Ziel durch ein überhöhtes Holzelement und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen gelöst. Die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Überhöhung des Holzelements durch das Einfügen eines expansiven Materials in Einschnitte in der Oberfläche des Holzelements erreicht wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Überhöhung auch auf der Baustelle schnell realisiert werden und durch die Überhöhung, die dem Gewicht des Holzes, des darauf liegenden Betons oder eines anderen Tragegewichts entgegenwirkt, eine Unterspriessung des Holzelements vermieden werden kann.According to the invention, this goal is achieved by an inflated wooden element and a method for producing one. The invention is characterized in that the wooden element is raised by inserting an expansive material into incisions in the surface of the wooden element. This has the advantage that the cant can also be quickly implemented on the construction site and the cant, which counteracts the weight of the wood, the concrete lying thereon or another carrying weight, prevents the wooden element from being undercut.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
Die Mikrokerben, insbesondere deren Form und/oder Dimensionierung, ergeben einen besonders guten Halt zwischen dem Holzelement und dem Verbundmaterial einer Holzverbunddecke, ohne die Tragekraft des Holzelements zu schwächen.The micro-notches, in particular their shape and / or dimensioning, result in a particularly good hold between the wooden element and the composite material of a wooden composite ceiling, without weakening the load-bearing capacity of the wooden element.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert, wobei zeigen
- Fig. 1
- ein Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Holzelements mit Einschnitten.
- Fig. 2
- eine dreidimensionale Darstellung des durch ein expansives Material in den Einschnitten überhöhten Holzelements aus
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- ein Schnitt durch eine HBV-Decke mit dem Holzelement aus
Fig. 2 . - Fig. 4
- eine alternative Ausführungsform des Holzelements aus
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 5
- eine Draufsicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Holzelements mit runden Einschnitten.
- Fig. 6
- ein Schnitt durch die Linie VI-VI des Ausführungsbeispiels des Holzelements der
Fig. 5 mit der aufgetragenen Betonschicht. - Fig. 7
- ein mehrfeldriges Holzelement mit kreuzförmig angeordneten Einschnitten.
- Fig. 8
- ein mehrfeldriges Holzelement mit frei geformten Einschnitten.
- Fig. 9
- eine Alternative Ausführungsform des Holzelements aus
Fig. 1 mit Mikrokerben. - Fig. 10
- eine Draufsicht des Holzelements aus
Fig. 9 . - Fig. 11
- eine Vergrösserung des Bereichs XI der Mikrokerben des Holzelements aus
Fig. 10 . - Fig. 12A
- eine Vergrösserung des Bereichs XII der Mikrokerben des Holzelements aus
Fig. 11 . - Fig. 12B
- eine alternative Ausführungsform der Vergrösserung des Bereichs X der Mikrokerben des Holzelements aus
Fig. 11 . - Fig. 13
- eine Alternative Ausführungsform des Holzelements aus
Fig. 5 mit Mikrokerben parallel zu den Seiten. - Fig. 14
- eine Alternative Ausführungsform des Holzelements aus
Fig. 5 mit Mikrokerben diagonal zu den Seiten. - Fig. 15
- eine Alternative Ausführungsform des Holzelements aus
Fig. 9 ohne Einschnitte. - Fig. 16
- eine Draufsicht des Holzelements aus
Fig. 15 . - Fig. 17
- ein mehrfeldriges Holzelement mit kreisförmigen Mikrokerben ohne Einschnitte.
- Fig. 18
- ein mehrfeldriges Holzelement mit sternförmigen Mikrokerben ohne Einschnitte.
- Fig. 19
- ein mehrfeldriges Holzelement mit Feldern mit unterschiedlichen Mikrokerbenausrichtungen ohne Einschnitte.
- Fig. 1
- a section through an embodiment of a wooden element with incisions.
- Fig. 2
- a three-dimensional representation of the wooden element exaggerated by an expansive material in the incisions
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- a section through an HBV ceiling with the wooden element
Fig. 2 . - Fig. 4
- an alternative embodiment of the wooden element
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 5
- a plan view of an embodiment of a wooden element with round incisions.
- Fig. 6
- a section through the line VI-VI of the embodiment of the wooden element of the
Fig. 5 with the applied layer of concrete. - Fig. 7
- a multi-panel wooden element with cross-shaped incisions.
- Fig. 8
- a multi-panel wooden element with freely shaped incisions.
- Fig. 9
- an alternative embodiment of the wooden element
Fig. 1 with micro-notches. - Fig. 10
- a plan view of the wooden element
Fig. 9 . - Fig. 11
- an enlargement of the area XI of the micro-notches of the wooden element
Fig. 10 . - Figure 12A
- an enlargement of the area XII of the micro-notches of the wooden element
Fig. 11 . - Figure 12B
- an alternative embodiment of the enlargement of the area X of the micro-notches of the wooden element
Fig. 11 . - Fig. 13
- an alternative embodiment of the wooden element
Fig. 5 with micro-notches parallel to the sides. - Fig. 14
- an alternative embodiment of the wooden element
Fig. 5 with micro-notches diagonally to the sides. - Fig. 15
- an alternative embodiment of the wooden element
Fig. 9 without cuts. - Fig. 16
- a plan view of the wooden element
Fig. 15 . - Fig. 17
- a multi-panel wooden element with circular micro-notches without incisions.
- Fig. 18
- a multi-panel wooden element with star-shaped micro-notches without incisions.
- Fig. 19
- a multi-field wooden element with fields with different micro-notch orientations without incisions.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden im Zusammenhang mit einer HBV-Decke beschrieben, ist aber nicht auf eine solche HBV-Decke beschränkt.The invention is described below in connection with an HBV blanket, but is not limited to such an HBV blanket.
Die Einschnitte 2 werden zur Überhöhung des Holzelements 1 mit einem expansiven Material gefüllt. Das expansive Material ist ausgebildet, sich nach dem Einfüllen auszudehnen, so dass das expansive Material auf die seitlichen Wandungen der Einschnitte 2 drückt und zu einer Überhöhung des Holzelements 1 führt wie es in
Das Holzelement 1 kann ein Massivholzelement sein. In diesem Fall ist die Faserrichtung vorteilhafterweise in Tragerichtung ausgerichtet und/oder rechtwinkelig zu den Einschnitten 2 ausgerichtet. Das Holzelement 1 kann aber auch ein Element aus einer Mehrzahl von verklebten Holzelementen sein.The
So ist in
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass das Holzelement 1 ein Sperrholzelement ist, d.h. aus mehreren parallelen Holzschichten besteht, deren Hauptfaserrichtung in benachbarten Schichten um einen bestimmten Winkel, vorzugsweise 90°, verdreht verklebt (vorzugsweise verleimt) ist. Sperrholzelemente sind insbesondere für Anwendungen geeignet, in denen das Holzelement 1 bzw. die HBV-Decke mehrere Tragerichtungen hat. Ein solcher Anwendungsfall ist zum Beispiel eine HBV-Decke, die die Traglasten auf Halterungen 5, wie z.B. Stützen, auf allen vier Seiten oder Ecken überträgt.Alternatively, it is also possible for the
Die Anordnung der Einschnitte 2 ist ein wichtiger Parameter zur Kontrolle der gewünschten Form der Überhöhung. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel (siehe
Andere Parameter für die Gestaltung der Überhöhung sind die Tiefe der Einschnitte 2 und/oder die Breite der Einschnitte 2 und/oder das expansive Material.Other parameters for the design of the cant are the depth of the
Die beschriebenen überhöhten Holzelemente 1 können auch für andere Holzverbunddecken mit einem anderen Verbundmaterial verwendet werden. Andere Verbundmaterialien als Beton sind z.B. Zement, Mörtel, Kunststoff oder sonstige noch denkbare Verbundmaterialien. Beton soll in der Beschreibung nur als ein Beispiel eines Verbundmaterials verwendet werden. Die beschriebenen überhöhten Holzelemente 1 können auch allgemein für Decken und Dächer mit tragenden überhöhten Holzelementen 1 verwendet werden, z.B. für Holzstapeldecken. Die beschriebenen überhöhten Holzelemente 1 können auch für andere Verwendungszwecke als Decken und Dächer, z.B. für Brücken, verwendet werden.The excessive
Die Mikrokerben sind dabei vorzugsweise so klein dimensioniert, dass ein überraschend guter Verbund zwischen Beton und Holzelement 1 erzielt werden kann und gleichzeitig der Holzverschleiss minimiert und die Tragfähigkeit des Holzelements 1 maximiert werden kann. Dazu hat die Mikrokerbe eine Tiefe (b) kleiner als 10 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 6 mm, und eine Breite (a) kleiner als 100 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 60 mm. Vorzugsweise ist die Tiefe grösser als 2 mm und eine Breite grösser als 7 mm, vorzugsweise grösser als 20 mm. Ein besonders gutes Ergebnis hat sich mit 4 mm Tiefe und 45 mm Breite ergeben.The micro-notches are preferably dimensioned so small that a surprisingly good bond between the concrete and the
Während in dem in
Die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele der
So zeigen zum Beispiel
Claims (15)
- A method for super-elevation of a wooden element comprising the stepscutting at least one incision (2) into a surface of the wooden element (1);characterized in thatexpanding material is inserted in the at least one incision (2) of the wooden element (1);the expansive material is allowed to expand in the at least one incision (2) in order to achieve a super-elevation of the wooden element (1).
- A method according to claim 1, wherein the expansive material is an expansive demolition mortar.
- A method according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the incisions have a width of 1 mm to 100 mm and/or the incisions have a depth of 5 mm to 150 mm.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wooden element (1) has a main fiber direction parallel to the surface of the wooden element (1), wherein the wooden element is a solid wood or a board stack beam whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the main fiber direction, wherein the longitudinal axis of the at least one incision is perpendicular to the main fiber direction.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wooden element (1) comprises a plurality of wood layers parallel to the surface of the wooden element (1), said wood layers comprising alternately a first main fiber direction parallel to the surface of the wooden element (1) and a second main fiber direction parallel to the surface of the wooden element (1) and perpendicular to the first main fiber direction.
- A method of making a ceiling or a roof comprising the steps of:Super-elevating at least one wooden element (1) according to the method of any one of the previous claims,Making the ceiling or the roof with the at least one super-elevated wooden element (1).
- A method according to the previous claim, wherein the ceiling is a composite wood ceiling, said method comprising the step of applying a layer of composite material on the surface of at least one super-elevated wooden element (1).
- A method according to the previous claim, wherein the composite material is concrete.
- A method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the surface of the wooden element (1) comprises a plurality of micro-notches which are wedge-shaped with a short-cut side and a long-cut side in their in cross-section, which runs perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the micro-notches.
- A method according to claim 9, wherein the micro-notches have a depth of less than 10 mm and a width of less than 100 mm.
- A super-elevated wooden element with at least one incision (2) in a surface of the wooden element (1),
characterized in that
the at least one incision (2) is filled with an expanded expansive material resulting in a super-elevation of the wooden element according to the method of claim 1. - A super-elevated wooden element according to the previous claim, wherein the expanded expansive material is an expansive demolition mortar in an expanded state.
- A composite wood ceiling comprising:a super-elevated wooden element (1) according to claim 11 or 12;a layer (3) of a composite material on the surface of the super-elevated wooden element (1).
- A composite wooden ceiling according to claim 13, comprising supports (5) for holding the wooden element (1), wherein the at least one incision (2) is arranged between the supports (5).
- A composite wooden floor according to claim 13 or 14, where the composite material is concrete.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01155/16A CH712927A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2016-09-07 | Method for elevating a wooden element. |
PCT/IB2017/055214 WO2018047041A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2017-08-30 | Elevation of wooden elements |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3510210A1 EP3510210A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
EP3510210B1 true EP3510210B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
Family
ID=56920440
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17771592.7A Active EP3510210B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2017-08-30 | Elevation of wooden elements |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10947726B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3510210B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3036243A1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH712927A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018047041A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (20)
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US513470A (en) * | 1894-01-23 | kukktjck | ||
FR40032E (en) * | 1931-03-25 | 1932-03-21 | Ernest Hugues Ets | Manufacturing process of intermediate layers for plywood panels |
GB1096982A (en) * | 1963-11-21 | 1967-12-29 | Benbow & Co Modern Shopfitters | Laminated panel |
DE2510262A1 (en) * | 1975-03-08 | 1976-09-09 | Hans Binker | Strength improvement for timber beams - uses fibre bundles and webbing embedded in grooves along longitudinal faces |
NL8203471A (en) * | 1982-09-06 | 1984-04-02 | Holdoh Houtunie Nv | BEND-LOADABLE WOODEN BAR REINFORCED IN STANDARD DIMENSIONS. |
DE8325456U1 (en) | 1983-09-05 | 1983-12-22 | Förster, Peter, 5190 Stolberg | INTERCHANGEABLE WORKING AND HOLDING HANDLE, WITH CLAMPING DEVICE |
NO162124C (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1989-11-08 | Arne Engebretsen | TREATED BENCH OF WOODWOOD. |
US4745718A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-05-24 | Trus Joist Corporation | Prestressed structural support and method for making same |
US5244746A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1993-09-14 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite structures |
CH678440A5 (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1991-09-13 | Robert Haldi | Concrete floor laying system - using steel G-shaped clips and reinforcing rods to engage laid concrete with timber floor beams |
DE4202190C1 (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1993-07-15 | Glunz Ag, 4700 Hamm, De | |
DE9408382U1 (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1994-08-04 | Egle, Wilhelm, 79733 Görwihl | Wooden building element with wooden layers |
US6130268A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2000-10-10 | Polyfoam Products, Inc. | Two component polyurethane construction adhesive |
MXPA03010667A (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2004-03-02 | Killen Andrew | A structure. |
US20050086904A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-28 | Foley Robert P. | Method and apparatus for forming cast wall panels |
US7908810B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2011-03-22 | United States Gypsum Company | Corrugated steel deck system including acoustic features |
JP4891442B1 (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-03-07 | 健一 佐藤 | Board panel |
DE202013001849U1 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-04-03 | Lignotrend Gmbh & Co. Kg | timber element |
US9090515B2 (en) * | 2013-03-03 | 2015-07-28 | Thomas Taverne | Method for concrete crack repair |
CH707947A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-31 | Timbatec Holzbauingenieure Schweiz Ag | Component, method of connecting timber elements, computer program. |
-
2016
- 2016-09-07 CH CH01155/16A patent/CH712927A1/en unknown
-
2017
- 2017-08-30 CA CA3036243A patent/CA3036243A1/en active Pending
- 2017-08-30 WO PCT/IB2017/055214 patent/WO2018047041A1/en unknown
- 2017-08-30 US US16/331,436 patent/US10947726B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-30 EP EP17771592.7A patent/EP3510210B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3036243A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
WO2018047041A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
US20190194941A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CH712927A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
US10947726B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
EP3510210A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
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