EP2989263B1 - Storey ceiling construction and building made of wood - Google Patents
Storey ceiling construction and building made of wood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2989263B1 EP2989263B1 EP14713490.2A EP14713490A EP2989263B1 EP 2989263 B1 EP2989263 B1 EP 2989263B1 EP 14713490 A EP14713490 A EP 14713490A EP 2989263 B1 EP2989263 B1 EP 2989263B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support
- main fiber
- wood
- fiber direction
- timber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001070947 Fagus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
- E04B9/12—Connections between non-parallel members of the supporting construction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/122—Laminated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/14—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or girders laid in two directions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/43—Floor structures of extraordinary design; Features relating to the elastic stability; Floor structures specially designed for resting on columns only, e.g. mushroom floors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wooden floor construction and a wooden building.
- the construction of multi-storey buildings in wood construction is also limited by the characteristics of the wood.
- the longitudinal and / or cross members rest on a lower support, while the upper support in turn rests on the longitudinal and / or cross members.
- the direction of the fibers of the longitudinal and / or cross beams is in the plane of the floor, ie at right angles to the supports.
- wood has the property of being very stable to the forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the grain of the wood, but very weakly perpendicular to the grain. If a support now lies on a cross and / or longitudinal beam, the entire force of the upper support is first transferred to the cross and / or longitudinal beam and only from there to the lower support. So that is through the Upper support load to be borne by the transverse stability of the side and / or cross members.
- Multi-storey buildings multiply the weight of a prop on the cross and / or longitudinal beams. Therefore, too many floors in timber construction are not possible today.
- DE2108524 discloses a support structure made of steel, reinforced concrete or plastic.
- the floor slab construction has a first lower wooden support for supporting the floor slab, a first upper wooden support for supporting a further floor slab and a first wooden support head for introducing the forces of the floor slab into the first lower wooden support.
- the first column head rests on the first lower wooden column, and the first upper wooden column rests directly on the first lower wooden column.
- the first support head (6) made of wood has a first main fiber direction (14) and a second main fiber direction (15) which differs from the first main fiber direction, wherein the first main fiber direction (14) and the second main fiber direction (15) are arranged in the plane of the floor (2).
- this is further achieved by a building with such a floor construction.
- the first support head has a recess, and the first upper wooden support and / or the first lower wooden support is / are guided through the recess of the first support head, so that the first upper wooden support can be supported directly on the first lower wooden support.
- the recess ensures that the first column head can rest on the support in the edge region of the recess and, despite the closed storey ceiling, the upper support rests directly on the lower support through the recess without allowing the weight of the upper support to act on the storey ceiling.
- the first upper wooden support and the first lower wooden support are inserted into the recess of the first support head, so that the first upper wooden support is supported directly on the first lower wooden support within the recess of the first support head.
- the first lower wooden support is tapered in a stepped manner on the side facing the first support head formed so that the first lower wooden support is inserted into the recess of the first support head, and the first support head rests with the edge of the recess on the formed step of the first lower wooden support.
- the first lower wooden support and / or the first upper wooden support has a main fiber direction perpendicular to the floor ceiling or the surface side of the first support head. This has the advantage that the support is very stable in the support direction.
- the first main fiber direction and the second main fiber direction are at right angles to one another and are arranged in the plane of the floor ceiling. Due to the right-angled arrangement, forces in the plane of the column head or the floor slab can be optimally transmitted.
- the first support head has a plurality of wood layers, wherein in the plurality of wood layers a first wood layer with the first main fiber direction alternates with a second wood layer with the second main fiber direction. Due to the alternating arrangement of the layers with the first and the In the second main fiber direction, very stable plates are achieved in the plane, which can effectively transmit forces in the plane in all directions. This combines the functions of the longitudinal and cross members in the floor ceiling itself.
- the first wood layer has at least two wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the second main fiber direction
- the second wood layer has at least two wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the first main fiber direction
- the at least two wood elements of a wood layer have a wood element of a first type of wood and a wood element of a second type of wood.
- the layering of different types of wood shown creates areas of the first type of wood, areas of the second type of wood and areas of the first and second types of wood.
- the first wood layer has three wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the second main fiber direction and / or the second wood layer has three wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the first main fiber direction, the three wood elements of a wood layer alternatingly being a wood element of one have the first type of wood and a wood element of a second type of wood.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous if a different type of wood, usually a more stable one, is to be used in the middle than in the edge areas.
- the support head has at least a first area with a plurality of wood layers of a first type of wood, at least a second area with a plurality of wood layers of a second type of wood and at least a third area with a plurality of wood layers in which the first type of wood and the alternate second type of wood.
- the recess is arranged in the second area and the second type of wood is more stable than the first type of wood. This is in the area of the recess in which the forces of the floor ceiling, a more stable wood is used than in the edge areas. Thus, the use of expensive wood can be limited to the area around the recess.
- the floor slab construction has the floor slab that has the first column head and a secondary structure, the secondary structure having a plurality of wood layers, wherein in the plurality of wood layers, a first wood layer with the first main fiber direction coincides with a second wood layer with the second main fiber direction takes turns.
- the layer thickness and / or the main fiber direction of the plurality of wood layers of the secondary structure correspond to the layer thickness and / or the main fiber direction of the plurality of wood layers of the column head.
- the secondary structure is connected on the end face to an end face of the prop head.
- the side structure is arranged at the end with a front side of the column head spaced apart by a gap, and the side structure is connected to the column head in a load-bearing manner by means of an adhesive layer filled in the gap.
- the top layer of the column head has a main fiber direction that is perpendicular to the main fiber direction of the bottom layer of the column head.
- the uppermost layer of the secondary structure has a main fiber direction that is perpendicular to the main fiber direction of the lowermost layer of the secondary structure.
- the floor slab construction has a second lower support, a third lower support, a fourth lower support, a second upper support resting on the second lower support, a third upper support resting on the third lower support, a fourth upper support resting on the fourth lower support, the floor further comprising a second support head resting on the second lower support, a third support head resting on the third lower support and a fourth support head resting on the fourth lower support, the secondary structure has four first secondary support parts, which connect two adjacent support heads and has at least one second secondary support part, which connects the four first secondary support parts and forms a closed surface of the floor between the four first secondary support parts.
- the support head forms a cuboid with two surface sides parallel to the first and second main fiber direction, with two end faces which are arranged parallel to the first main fiber direction, and with two end faces which are arranged parallel to the second main fiber direction.
- the floor slab construction has the further floor slab on the upper supports.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a building 1 with a floor construction according to the invention.
- the building has a floor slab 3, three floors 2 and an upper floor 4.
- Each floor slab 2 and 4 rests on at least one support 5.
- a floor ceiling 2 or 4 rests on at least four supports.
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a floor ceiling 2.
- the floor ceiling 2 consists of a plurality of prop heads 6, a plurality of first secondary support parts 7 and a plurality of second secondary support parts 8.
- the first secondary support parts 7 and the second secondary support parts 8 form a secondary structure of the floor ceiling 2.
- Each prop head 6 has a recess 9 which is designed to support an upper prop 5, which is arranged between the floor slab 2 and a floor slab above it, directly on a lower support 5, which supports the floor slab 2.
- Direct support should mean that the force of the upper support 5 is mainly introduced into the lower support 5 and only a small or vanishing part of the force is introduced into the floor ceiling 2. This can be done by resting the upper support 5 on the underlying support 5 or by resting the upper support 5 on a wood transmission element that has a main fiber direction parallel to the main fiber direction of the upper and lower support 5 and in turn rests on the lower support 5.
- the weight of the upper floors can be transported directly up to the foundation via supports arranged one above the other, without any of the floor ceilings 2 of the weight of the collected floors lying above one another must be able to withstand.
- the load of an individual support 5 is no longer limited to the resistance perpendicular to the grain of the floor ceiling, but only by the significantly higher resistance of the supports in the longitudinal direction of the grain.
- Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of the column head 6 isolated from the floor ceiling 2.
- the column head 6 forms a plate with two surface sides 10 and four end faces 11. In most cases the surface of the surface sides 10 is larger than that of the end faces 11, but the invention is not limited to this.
- the plate preferably forms a cuboid, ie the six sides 10 and 11 are perpendicular to the sides adjacent to them.
- the support head 6 can also form other plate shapes and the end faces can also be shaped obliquely, concave or convex instead of at right angles.
- the first secondary support parts 7 in Fig. 2 are preferably also cuboid with two surface sides and four end faces.
- Each first secondary support part 7 connects two support heads 6.
- an end face of the first secondary support part 7 is connected to an end face 11 of one of the support heads 6.
- the end face 11 of a further support head 6 is also connected on the opposite end face of the secondary support part 7 on the end face of the first secondary support part 7.
- Each prop head 6 is connected at two, three or four end faces 11 to the end face of a first secondary support part 7, depending on whether the prop head 6 is on a corner, on the edge or in the middle of the building or the floor ceiling.
- four support heads 6, each of which is connected to four first secondary support parts 7, form a square or a rectangular plate, the center of which has a square or rectangular recess.
- the second secondary support parts 8 are also preferably cuboid with two surface sides and four end faces.
- the recess between the four first secondary support parts 7 is closed by at least one second secondary support part 8.
- two second secondary support parts 8 are used to close the recess. Every second secondary support part 8 in Fig. 2 connects with the four end faces the end faces of three first secondary support parts 7 and the adjacent further second secondary support part 8.
- the support head 6 is made of wood.
- the wood is preferably laminated wood, for example cross-laminated or veneered plywood, with wood fibers having different orientations in adjacent layers.
- Figure 4A , B, C shows an example of a wooden structure of the column head 6.
- Figure 4A shows a top view of the upper surface side 10 of the column head 6.
- Die Figures 4B and 4C each show an end face 11 of the column head 6.
- the support head 6 consists of alternating first layers 12 and second layers 13.
- the first layers 12 consist of wood with a first main fiber direction 14, the second layers 13 consist of wood with a second main fiber direction 15.
- the first main fiber direction 14 and the second main fiber direction 15 have different directions.
- the first main fiber direction 14 is preferably arranged at right angles to the second main fiber direction 15.
- the first and second main fiber directions 14 and 15 are both arranged in the plane of the layers.
- the main fiber directions 14 and 15 intersect the four end faces 11 and run parallel to the two surface sides 10.
- each main fiber direction 14 and 15 is parallel to two end faces 11 and at right angles to the remaining two end faces 11 Forces in the direction of the first main fiber direction 14 and in the direction of the second main fiber direction 15 are well transmitted.
- the support head 6 is preferably solid.
- the column head 6 is formed from two types of wood. Each layer consists of three adjacent wooden elements, which are in the corresponding main fiber direction 14 or 15 of the layer extend over the entire length of the support head 6 and lie next to one another at right angles to that of the corresponding main fiber direction 14 or 15 of the layer.
- the outer two wooden elements of a layer are formed from a first type of wood 16, and the central wooden element of the same layer arranged between the outer two wooden elements is formed from a second type of wood 17.
- the top layer of the column head 6, which is a first layer 12, can be seen.
- the two outer wood elements consist of the first type of wood 16 and the central wood element of the second type of wood 17.
- the three wood elements of the top layer each extend in the direction of the first main fiber direction 14 over the entire length of the support head 6 and are in the direction of the second Main fiber direction 15 arranged side by side.
- Figure 4A shows at the same time in dashed lines the wooden elements of the second layer 13 lying directly under the uppermost layer.
- the two outer wooden elements consist of the first type of wood 16 and the central wooden element of the second type of wood 17.
- the three wooden elements of the second layer 13 below the top layer and all other second layers 13 each extend in the direction of the second main fiber direction 15 over the entire length of the support head 6 and thus at right angles to the wooden elements of the uppermost layer and all other first layers 12.
- the three wooden elements of the second layer 13 lying under the uppermost layer and all other second layers 13 are arranged next to one another in the direction of the first main fiber direction 14.
- the layering described thus forms nine different areas. Due to the central arrangement of the central wooden element of each layer, a central region of the support head 6 is formed, in which all central wooden elements intersect, and which therefore consists exclusively of the second type of wood 17.
- the border of the recess 9 thus consists of the second type of wood 17.
- only wooden elements consisting of the first type of wood 16 lie one above the other, so that four regions are formed here, which consist only of the first type of wood 16 exist.
- wood types 16 and 17 change from layer to layer. If you now choose the second type of wood 17 more stable than the first type of wood 16, the center of the Support head 6 in the area of the recess 9 greater stability than in the edge areas.
- Different types of wood can include not only different types of trees, but also different types of processing of the same type of wood.
- the first type of wood 16 can be made of spruce plywood
- the second type of wood 17 can be made of beech veneer plywood. Since beech is harder than spruce, the central area is more stable.
- Fig. 5 shows a section through a support head 6 and through an upper and lower support 5.
- the lower support 5 has a cross section that is larger than the recess 9 of the support head 6.
- the cross section of the lower support is reduced 5 on the cross section of the recess or smaller. This forms a step 18 on which the support head 6 can rest.
- the reduced cross section of the lower support 5 is inserted into the recess 9 of the support head 6 until the support head 6 rests on the step 18.
- the upper support 5 also has a reduced cross-section on the underside, which is also inserted into the recess 9 of the support head until the upper support 5 rests on the lower support.
- the weight can be transmitted from the floor ceiling 2 to the lower support 5 via the step 18.
- the weight can be transferred from the upper support 5 to the lower support 5 without additional load on the floor ceiling 2.
- Fig. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a floor level 2 with a lower support 5.
- the first secondary support part 7 and the second secondary support part 8 have a hollow box structure made of cross struts arranged at right angles to one another, each of which is covered above and below by at least one layer of wood.
- the at least one wood layer on the top and bottom consists of two layers, which are not shown here for better illustration of the hollow box structure.
- the layers on and below the hollow box structure alternately have a first and a second layer, each with a first main fiber direction 14 and a second main fiber direction 15.
- the layers on and under the Hollow box structure of the first and second secondary support parts 7 and 8 are designed in comparison to the support head 6 in such a way that the first layers on the end faces of the support head 6 and the first or second secondary support part 7 or 8 to be connected lie opposite one another and accordingly the second layers also lie opposite one another.
- the floor slab 2 thus has the same main fiber direction in each layer and under the hollow box structures of the first and second secondary support parts 7 and 8 and the corresponding layer of the column head 6 over the entire plane of the floor slab 2.
- Fig. 7 shows a section through the connection point between the support head 6 and the first secondary support part 7.
- the load-bearing frontal connection between an end face 11 of the support head 6 and an end face of the first secondary support part 7 is achieved by an adhesive layer 19.
- Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the secondary support parts 7 and 8.
- the first and second secondary support parts 7 and 8 consist of solid wood, which alternately has first layers 12 and second layers 13.
- the layers are each arranged identically in the column head 6, in the first secondary support part 8 and in the second secondary support part 9, so that the layers of the same main fiber direction lie opposite one another on the end faces of all parts to be connected.
- the floor ceiling 2 thus has the same main fiber direction in each layer.
- the force is transmitted in either layer of the floor ceiling 2 in either the first main fiber direction 14 or the second main fiber direction 15.
- the load-bearing end connection between an end face 11 of the support head 6 and an end face of the first secondary support part 7 is achieved by an adhesive layer 19.
- the achievement of a load-bearing connection is achieved as follows. First, the end faces of the parts to be connected are arranged in such a way that the layers face each other in the same main fiber direction and the parts to be connected form a gap between the end faces. The two parts to be connected are fixed in this position. The gap between the parts to be connected is sealed at the edges, for example by filling. The gap 19 is then filled with adhesive. When the adhesive has hardened, there is a load-bearing connection.
- a two-component adhesive is preferably used as the adhesive, the two components of which are mixed when filled into the gap 19. By mixing the two components, the adhesive begins to harden. For example, the PURBOND CR 421 adhesive from the Swiss company Purbond was tested as an adhesive.
- This two-component polyurethane casting resin has been approved by the German Institute for Building Technology under approval number Z-9.1-707 for gluing steel bars into load-bearing wooden components and is freely available.
- This adhesive was used to measure a connection between two wooden elements with tensile strengths of up to 20 Newtons per square millimeter (N / mm 2 ).
- This technique makes it possible to form large storey ceilings 2 by gluing support heads 6, secondary support parts 7 and 8, which distribute the force evenly over the entire level of the storey ceiling 2 and transfer them to the supports 5.
- the connection can be created by alternative connecting means such as steel connecting means instead of by gluing.
- all parts of the floor slab 2, that is to say the column heads 6, the first secondary support parts 7 and the second secondary support parts 8, are constructed such that the top layer has a main fiber direction which is perpendicular to the main fiber direction of the bottom layer.
- the top and bottom layers are always formed with the same main fiber direction, otherwise the plates will warp.
- this has the disadvantage that the plates are more stable in the main fiber direction of the top and bottom layers than in the other of the two main fiber directions of the plate. Therefore, the disadvantage of warping the plates is deliberately accepted in order to create plates that are equally stable in both main fiber directions.
- the force on a floor slab 2 in the level of the floor slab 2 itself and not via separate beams can now be brought into one Support 5 are initiated and at the same time the forces of the upper floors are introduced from the upper support 5 directly to the lower support 5.
- the floor ceiling 2 itself as a force-transmitting element, additional supports for the floor ceiling 2 are eliminated and the floor ceiling 2 can be made thinner than a corresponding support.
- floor slabs 2 with column spacings of eight by eight meters can be achieved.
- the floor slab 2 preferably forms a plate of the same thickness over the entire level of the floor slab, which itself functions as a load-bearing element for the floor slab 2 and does not require any additional load-bearing beams.
- the first and second main fiber directions 14 and 15 of the adjacent layers of the elements of the floor ceiling were at right angles to one another.
- Other angles between the main fiber directions and a greater number of main fiber directions could also occur.
- the three different layers could have main fiber directions, each of which is at an angle of 60 ° to one another, so that force transmissions in the floor plane work along three directions.
- the forces could possibly be better directed to the column head.
- such constructions are more complicated.
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Geschossdeckenkonstruktion aus Holz und ein Gebäude aus Holz.The invention relates to a wooden floor construction and a wooden building.
Es ist bekannt, Gebäude aus Holz zu fertigen. Dabei werden Geschossdecken in der Regel auf Geschossdeckenkonstruktionen aufgelegt. In der Regel werden die Stützen, die das Geschoss tragen, mit einem Konstrukt aus Quer- und/oder Längsträgern verbunden, und auf diesen Quer und/oder Längsträgern die Geschossdecke aufgelegt. Solche Konstruktionen haben aber eine Reihe von Nachteilen.It is known to manufacture buildings from wood. Floor slabs are usually placed on floor slab constructions. As a rule, the supports that support the projectile are connected with a construct of cross members and / or longitudinal members, and the floor slab is placed on these cross members and / or longitudinal members. However, such designs have a number of disadvantages.
Wenn stützenfreie Räume gewünscht werden, müssen die Quer- und Längsträger aus Holz in der Dicke an die zu tragende Last angepasst werden. Bei Stützenabständen von 8 mal 8 Meter würde dies eine Dicke der Längs- und/oder Querbalken von ca. 1 m bedeuten. Aufgrund der durch diese Dicke verursachten Reduktion der Raumhöhe sind deshalb solche Stützenabstände im Holzbau heute mit den Holzkonstruktionen des Stands der Technik nicht möglich.If column-free rooms are required, the cross and longitudinal beams made of wood must be adapted to the load to be carried. With column spacing of 8 by 8 meters, this would mean a thickness of the longitudinal and / or transverse beams of approx. 1 m. Due to the reduction in room height caused by this thickness, such column spacings in timber construction are not possible today with the wooden constructions of the prior art.
Auch der Bau von mehrgeschossigen Gebäuden ist im Holzbau durch die Charakteristika des Holzes limitiert. Die Längs- und/oder Querträger liegen auf einer unteren Stütze auf, während die obere Stütze wiederum auf dem Längs- und/oder Querträger aufliegt. Die Faserrichtung der Längs- und/oder Querträger liegt aber in der Ebene der Geschossdecke, d.h. rechtwinkelig zu den Stützen. Holz hat aber die Eigenschaft, sehr stabil gegenüber einwirkenden Kräften in Längsrichtung der Faserung des Holzes zu sein, aber sehr schwach rechtwinkelig zu der Faserung. Liegt nun eine Stütze auf einem Quer- und/oder Längsbalken auf, so wird die ganze Kraft der oberen Stütze zuerst auf den Quer- und/oder Längsbalken übertragen und erst von dort auf die untere Stütze. Somit ist die durch die obere Stütze zu tragende Last durch die Querstabilität der Längs- und/oder Querträger limitiert. Mehrgeschossige Gebäude vervielfachen die Gewichtskraft einer Stütze auf die Quer- und/oder Längsbalken. Deshalb ist eine zu hohe Anzahl von Stockwerken im Holzbau heute nicht möglich.The construction of multi-storey buildings in wood construction is also limited by the characteristics of the wood. The longitudinal and / or cross members rest on a lower support, while the upper support in turn rests on the longitudinal and / or cross members. The direction of the fibers of the longitudinal and / or cross beams is in the plane of the floor, ie at right angles to the supports. However, wood has the property of being very stable to the forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the grain of the wood, but very weakly perpendicular to the grain. If a support now lies on a cross and / or longitudinal beam, the entire force of the upper support is first transferred to the cross and / or longitudinal beam and only from there to the lower support. So that is through the Upper support load to be borne by the transverse stability of the side and / or cross members. Multi-storey buildings multiply the weight of a prop on the cross and / or longitudinal beams. Therefore, too many floors in timber construction are not possible today.
Deshalb gibt es im Stand der Technik keine mehrgeschossigen Gebäude mit grossen Stützenabständen, deren Stützenkonstruktionen auch aus Holz sind.For this reason, there are no multi-storey buildings with large column spacings in the prior art, the column structures of which are also made of wood.
In der Patentschrift
Es ist ein Ziel der Erfindung, eine Geschossdeckenkonstruktion aus Holz zu finden, die grosse Stützenabstände und mehrgeschossige Gebäude erlaubt und die keine Stahl oder Stahlbetonelemente benötigt.It is an object of the invention to find a floor slab construction made of wood, which allows large column spacings and multi-storey buildings and which does not require steel or reinforced concrete elements.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dieses Ziel mit einer Geschossdeckenkonstruktion nach Anspruch 1 erreicht. Die Geschossdeckenkonstruktion weist eine erste untere Holzstütze zur Abstützung der Geschossdecke, eine erste obere Holzstütze zur Abstützung einer weiteren Geschossdecke und einen ersten Stützenkopf aus Holz zur Einleitung der Kräfte der Geschossdecke in die erste untere Holzstütze auf. Der erste Stützenkopf liegt auf der ersten unteren Holzstütze auf, und die erste obere Holzstütze stützt sich direkt auf der ersten unteren Holzstütze ab. Der erste Stützenkopf (6) aus Holz weist eine erste Hauptfaserrichtung (14) und eine sich von der ersten Hauptfaserrichtung unterscheidende zweite Hauptfaserrichtung (15) auf, wobei die erste Hauptfaserrichtung (14) und die zweite Hauptfaserrichtung (15) in der Ebene der Geschossdecke (2) angeordnet sind.According to the invention, this goal is achieved with a floor construction according to
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies weiter durch ein Gebäude mit einer solchen Geschossdeckenkonstruktion gelöst.According to the invention, this is further achieved by a building with such a floor construction.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass ein Stützenkopf einer Geschossdecke auf einer unteren Stütze aufliegen kann, und gleichzeitig die Kraft der oberen Stütze in die untere Stütze eingeleitet werden kann, ohne die Kraft über die dafür nicht ausgelegte Geschossdecke zu leiten.This has the advantage that a prop head of a floor slab can rest on a lower support and at the same time the force of the upper support can be introduced into the lower support without passing the force over the floor slab not designed for it.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
In einer Ausführungsform weist der erste Stützenkopf eine Ausnehmung auf, und die erste obere Holzstütze und/oder die erste untere Holzstütze ist/sind durch die Ausnehmung des ersten Stützenkopfs geführt, so dass sich die erste obere Holzstütze direkt auf der ersten unteren Holzstütze abstützen kann. Durch die Ausnehmung wird erreicht, dass der erste Stützenkopf im Randbereich der Ausnehmung auf der Stütze aufliegen kann und trotz der geschlossenen Geschossdecke die obere Stütze auf der unteren Stütze direkt durch die Ausnehmung aufliegt, ohne das Gewicht der oberen Stütze auf die Geschossdecke wirken zu lassen.In one embodiment, the first support head has a recess, and the first upper wooden support and / or the first lower wooden support is / are guided through the recess of the first support head, so that the first upper wooden support can be supported directly on the first lower wooden support. The recess ensures that the first column head can rest on the support in the edge region of the recess and, despite the closed storey ceiling, the upper support rests directly on the lower support through the recess without allowing the weight of the upper support to act on the storey ceiling.
In einer Ausführungsform sind die erste obere Holzstütze und die erste untere Holzstütze in die Ausnehmung des ersten Stützenkopfs eingeführt, so dass sich die erste obere Holzstütze innerhalb der Ausnehmung des ersten Stützenkopfs direkt auf der ersten unteren Holzstütze abstützt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass sich die obere und untere Stütze in der Ausnehmung selbst stabilisieren und eine extra Befestigung einer der Stützen überflüssig wird.In one embodiment, the first upper wooden support and the first lower wooden support are inserted into the recess of the first support head, so that the first upper wooden support is supported directly on the first lower wooden support within the recess of the first support head. This has the advantage that the upper and lower support stabilize itself in the recess and an additional fastening of one of the supports is unnecessary.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die erste untere Holzstütze auf der dem ersten Stützenkopf zugewandten Seite abgestuft verjüngt ausgebildet, so dass die erste untere Holzstütze in die Ausnehmung des ersten Stützenkopfs eingeführt ist, und der erste Stützenkopf mit dem Rand der Ausnehmung auf der ausgebildeten Stufe der ersten unteren Holzstütze aufliegt.In one embodiment, the first lower wooden support is tapered in a stepped manner on the side facing the first support head formed so that the first lower wooden support is inserted into the recess of the first support head, and the first support head rests with the edge of the recess on the formed step of the first lower wooden support.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die erste untere Holzstütze und/oder die erste obere Holzstütze eine Hauptfaserrichtung rechtwinkelig zu der Geschossdecke bzw. der Oberflächenseite des ersten Stützenkopfs auf. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Stütze in Stützrichtung sehr stabil ausgebildet ist.In one embodiment, the first lower wooden support and / or the first upper wooden support has a main fiber direction perpendicular to the floor ceiling or the surface side of the first support head. This has the advantage that the support is very stable in the support direction.
In einer Ausführungsform sind die erste Hauptfaserrichtung und die zweite Hauptfaserrichtung zueinander rechtwinkelig und in der Ebene der Geschossdecke angeordnet. Durch die rechtwinkelige Anordnung können Kräfte in der Ebene des Stützenkopfs bzw. der Geschossdecke optimal übertragen werden.In one embodiment, the first main fiber direction and the second main fiber direction are at right angles to one another and are arranged in the plane of the floor ceiling. Due to the right-angled arrangement, forces in the plane of the column head or the floor slab can be optimally transmitted.
In einer Ausführungsform weist der erste Stützenkopf eine Mehrzahl von Holzschichten auf, wobei in der Mehrzahl von Holzschichten eine erste Holzschicht mit der ersten Hauptfaserrichtung sich mit einer zweiten Holzschicht mit der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung abwechselt. Durch die abwechselnde Anordnung der Schichten mit der ersten und der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung werden in der Ebene sehr stabile Platten erzielt, die Kräfte in der Ebene in alle Richtungen effektiv übertragen können. Dadurch werden die Funktionen der Längs- und Querträger in der Geschossdecke selbst vereint.In one embodiment, the first support head has a plurality of wood layers, wherein in the plurality of wood layers a first wood layer with the first main fiber direction alternates with a second wood layer with the second main fiber direction. Due to the alternating arrangement of the layers with the first and the In the second main fiber direction, very stable plates are achieved in the plane, which can effectively transmit forces in the plane in all directions. This combines the functions of the longitudinal and cross members in the floor ceiling itself.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die erste Holzschicht zumindest zwei in der Schichtebene in Richtung der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung nebeneinander liegende Holzelemente auf, und/oder die zweite Holzschicht zumindest zwei in der Schichtebene in Richtung der ersten Hauptfaserrichtung nebeneinander liegende Holzelemente auf, wobei die zumindest zwei Holzelemente einer Holzschicht ein Holzelement einer ersten Holzart und ein Holzelement einer zweiten Holzart aufweisen. Durch die dargestellte Schichtung unterschiedlicher Holzarten entstehen Bereiche der ersten Holzart, Bereiche der zweiten Holzart und Bereiche der ersten und zweiten Holzart.In one embodiment, the first wood layer has at least two wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the second main fiber direction, and / or the second wood layer has at least two wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the first main fiber direction, the at least two wood elements of a wood layer have a wood element of a first type of wood and a wood element of a second type of wood. The layering of different types of wood shown creates areas of the first type of wood, areas of the second type of wood and areas of the first and second types of wood.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die erste Holzschicht drei in der Schichtebene in Richtung der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung nebeneinander liegende Holzelemente auf und/oder die zweite Holzschicht drei in der Schichtebene in Richtung der ersten Hauptfaserrichtung nebeneinander liegende Holzelemente auf, wobei die drei Holzelemente einer Holzschicht abwechselnd ein Holzelement einer ersten Holzart und ein Holzelement einer zweiten Holzart aufweisen. Diese Ausführungsform ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn in der Mitte eine andere Holzart, meist eine stabilere, als in den Randbereichen verwendet werden soll.In one embodiment, the first wood layer has three wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the second main fiber direction and / or the second wood layer has three wood elements lying side by side in the layer plane in the direction of the first main fiber direction, the three wood elements of a wood layer alternatingly being a wood element of one have the first type of wood and a wood element of a second type of wood. This embodiment is particularly advantageous if a different type of wood, usually a more stable one, is to be used in the middle than in the edge areas.
In einer Ausführungsform weist der Stützenkopf zumindest einen ersten Bereich mit einer Mehrzahl von Holzschichten einer ersten Holzart, zumindest einen zweiten Bereich mit einer Mehrzahl von Holzschichten einer zweiten Holzart und zumindest einen dritten Bereich mit einer Mehrzahl von Holzschichten, in denen sich die erste Holzart und die zweite Holzart abwechselt, auf.In one embodiment, the support head has at least a first area with a plurality of wood layers of a first type of wood, at least a second area with a plurality of wood layers of a second type of wood and at least a third area with a plurality of wood layers in which the first type of wood and the alternate second type of wood.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die Ausnehmung in dem zweiten Bereich angeordnet, und die zweite Holzart ist stabiler als die erste Holzart. Dadurch wird im Bereich der Ausnehmung, in dem sich die Kräfte der Geschossdecke konzentrieren, ein stabileres Holz verwendet als in den Randbereichen. Somit kann die Verwendung von teuerem Holz auf den notwendigen Bereich um die Ausnehmung beschränkt bleiben.In one embodiment, the recess is arranged in the second area and the second type of wood is more stable than the first type of wood. This is in the area of the recess in which the forces of the floor ceiling, a more stable wood is used than in the edge areas. Thus, the use of expensive wood can be limited to the area around the recess.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die Geschossdeckenkonstruktion die Geschossdecke auf, die den ersten Stützenkopf und ein Nebentragwerk aufweist, wobei das Nebentragwerk eine Mehrzahl von Holzschichten aufweist, wobei in der Mehrzahl von Holzschichten eine erste Holzschicht mit der ersten Hauptfaserrichtung sich mit einer zweiten Holzschicht mit der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung abwechselt.In one embodiment, the floor slab construction has the floor slab that has the first column head and a secondary structure, the secondary structure having a plurality of wood layers, wherein in the plurality of wood layers, a first wood layer with the first main fiber direction coincides with a second wood layer with the second main fiber direction takes turns.
In einer Ausführungsform entsprechen/entspricht die Schichtdicke und/oder die Hauptfaserrichtung der Mehrzahl von Holzschichten des Nebentragwerks der Schichtdicke und/oder der Hauptfaserrichtung der Mehrzahl von Holzschichten des Stützenkopfs.In one embodiment, the layer thickness and / or the main fiber direction of the plurality of wood layers of the secondary structure correspond to the layer thickness and / or the main fiber direction of the plurality of wood layers of the column head.
In einer Ausführungsform ist das Nebentragwerk stirnseitig mit einer Stirnseite des Stützenkopfs verbunden.In one embodiment, the secondary structure is connected on the end face to an end face of the prop head.
In einer Ausführungsform ist das Nebentragwerk stirnseitig mit einer Stirnseite des Stützenkopfs durch einen Spalt beabstandet angeordnet, und ist das Nebentragwerk mit dem Stützenkopf über eine in dem Spalt eingefüllte Klebstoffschicht tragend verbunden.In one embodiment, the side structure is arranged at the end with a front side of the column head spaced apart by a gap, and the side structure is connected to the column head in a load-bearing manner by means of an adhesive layer filled in the gap.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die oberste Schicht des Stützenkopfs eine Hauptfaserrichtung auf, die senkrecht auf der Hauptfaserrichtung der untersten Schicht des Stützenkopfs steht.In one embodiment, the top layer of the column head has a main fiber direction that is perpendicular to the main fiber direction of the bottom layer of the column head.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die oberste Schicht des Nebentragwerks eine Hauptfaserrichtung auf, die senkrecht auf der Hauptfaserrichtung der untersten Schicht des Nebentragwerks steht.In one embodiment, the uppermost layer of the secondary structure has a main fiber direction that is perpendicular to the main fiber direction of the lowermost layer of the secondary structure.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die Geschossdeckenkonstruktion eine zweite untere Stütze, eine dritte untere Stütze, eine vierte untere Stütze, eine auf der zweiten unteren Stütze aufliegende zweite obere Stütze, eine auf der dritten unteren Stütze aufliegende dritte obere Stütze, eine auf der vierten unteren Stütze aufliegende vierte obere Stütze auf, wobei die Geschossdecke weiterhin einen auf der zweiten unteren Stütze aufliegenden zweiten Stützenkopf, einen auf der dritten unteren Stütze aufliegenden dritten Stützenkopf und einen auf der vierten unteren Stütze aufliegenden vierten Stützenkopf aufweist, wobei das Nebentragwerk vier erste Nebentragteile aufweist, die zwei benachbarte Stützenköpfe verbinden und zumindest ein zweites Nebentragteil aufweist, welches die vier ersten Nebentragteile verbindet und eine geschlossene Oberfläche der Geschossdecke zwischen den vier ersten Nebentragteilen bildet.In one embodiment, the floor slab construction has a second lower support, a third lower support, a fourth lower support, a second upper support resting on the second lower support, a third upper support resting on the third lower support, a fourth upper support resting on the fourth lower support, the floor further comprising a second support head resting on the second lower support, a third support head resting on the third lower support and a fourth support head resting on the fourth lower support, the secondary structure has four first secondary support parts, which connect two adjacent support heads and has at least one second secondary support part, which connects the four first secondary support parts and forms a closed surface of the floor between the four first secondary support parts.
In einer Ausführungsform bildet der Stützenkopf einen Quader aus mit zwei Oberflächenseiten parallel zu der ersten und zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung, mit zwei Stirnseiten, die parallel zu der ersten Hauptfaserrichtung angeordnet sind, und mit zwei Stirnseiten, die parallel zu der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtung angeordnet sind.In one embodiment, the support head forms a cuboid with two surface sides parallel to the first and second main fiber direction, with two end faces which are arranged parallel to the first main fiber direction, and with two end faces which are arranged parallel to the second main fiber direction.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die Geschossdeckenkonstruktion die weitere Geschossdecke auf den oberen Stützen auf.In one embodiment, the floor slab construction has the further floor slab on the upper supports.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert, wobei zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine Ansicht eines Gebäudes mit der erfindungsgemässen Geschossdeckenkonstruktion;
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht eines Aufbaus einer Geschossdecke;
- Fig. 3
- eine dreidimensionale Ansicht eines Stützenkopfs der Geschossdecke;
- Fig. 4A
- eine Draufsicht des Stützenkopfs;
- Fig. 4B
- eine erste Seitenansicht des Stützenkopfs;
- Fig. 4C
- eine zweite Seitenansicht des Stützenkopfs;
- Fig. 5
- einen Schnitt durch eine Geschossdeckenkonstruktion;
- Fig. 6
- eine dreidimensionale Ansicht eines Teils der Geschossdecke auf einer Stütze mit einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Nebentragteile;
- Fig. 7
- einen Schnitt durch eine Verbindung des Stützenkopfs mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Nebentragteils; und
- Fig. 8
- einen Schnitt durch eine Verbindung des Stützenkopfs mit einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Nebentragteils.
- Fig. 1
- a view of a building with the floor construction according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a plan view of a ceiling structure;
- Fig. 3
- a three-dimensional view of a column head of the floor slab;
- Figure 4A
- a top view of the column head;
- Figure 4B
- a first side view of the column head;
- Figure 4C
- a second side view of the column head;
- Fig. 5
- a section through a floor construction;
- Fig. 6
- a three-dimensional view of part of the floor slab on a support with a first embodiment of the secondary support parts;
- Fig. 7
- a section through a connection of the support head with the first embodiment of a secondary support part; and
- Fig. 8
- a section through a connection of the support head with a second embodiment of a secondary support part.
Jeder Stützenkopf 6 weist eine Ausnehmung 9 auf, die ausgebildet ist, eine obere Stütze 5, die zwischen der Geschossdecke 2 und einer darüber liegenden Geschossdecke angeordnet ist, direkt auf einer unteren Stütze 5, die die Geschossdecke 2 abstützt, abzustützen. Direkt abstützen soll dabei heissen, dass die Kraft der oberen Stütze 5 hauptsächlich in die untere Stütze 5 eingeleitet wird und nur ein geringer oder verschwindender Anteil der Kraft in die Geschossdecke 2 eingeleitet wird. Dies kann durch ein Aufliegen der oberen Stütze 5 auf der darunterliegenden Stütze 5 geschehen oder durch ein Aufliegen der oberen Stütze 5 auf einem Holzübertragungselement, das eine Hauptfaserrichtung parallel zu der Hauptfaserrichtung der oberen und unteren Stütze 5 aufweist und wiederrum auf der unteren Stütze 5 aufliegt. Dadurch kann Gewichtskraft der oberen Stockwerke direkt über übereinander angeordneten Stützen bis auf das Fundament abtransportiert werden, ohne dass irgendeine der Geschossdecken 2 der gesammelten Gewichtskraft der übereinanderliegenden Stockwerke widerstehen können muss. Dadurch ist die Last einer einzelnen Stütze 5 nicht mehr auf die Widerstandsfähigkeit rechtwinkelig zu der Faserung der Geschossdecke, sondern nur noch durch die wesentliche höhere Widerstandskraft der Stützen in Längsrichtung der Faserung limitiert.Each
Die ersten Nebentragteile 7 in
Die zweiten Nebentragteile 8 sind vorzugsweise ebenfalls quaderförmig mit zwei Oberflächenseiten und vier Stirnseiten ausgebildet. Die Ausnehmung zwischen den vier ersten Nebentragteilen 7, wird durch zumindest ein zweites Nebentragteil 8 geschlossen. In
Der Stützenkopf 6 besteht aus Holz. Das Holz ist vorzugsweise Schichtholz, z.B. Brettsperr- oder Furniersperrholz, mit in benachbarten Schichten unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Holzfasern.
Da die ganzen Kräfte auf die Geschossdecke 2 zu den Stützenköpfen 6 hingeleitet werden müssen und von dort über die Stützen 5 abtransportiert werden müssen, sind die Stützenköpfe 6, insbesondere der Bereich der Stützenköpfe 6 um die Ausnehmung 9 den höchsten Kräften innerhalb der Geschossdecke 2 ausgesetzt. Deshalb ist der Stützenkopf 6 vorzugsweise massiv ausgebildet. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel in
Die Erzielung einer tragenden Verbindung wird wie folgt erreicht. Zuerst werden die Stirnseiten der zu verbindenden Teile so angeordnet, dass die Schichten gleicher Hauptfaserrichtung gegenüberliegen und die zu verbindenden Teile einen Spalt zwischen den Stirnseiten ausbilden. In dieser Position werden die beiden zu verbindenden Teile fixiert. Der Spalt zwischen den zu verbindenden Teilen wird an den Rändern abgedichtet, z.B. durch Verspachteln. Danach wird der Zwischenraum des Spalts 19 mit Klebstoff gefüllt. Wenn der Klebstoff ausgehärtet ist, besteht eine tragende Verbindung. Als Klebstoff wird vorzugsweise ein Zweikomponentenklebstoff verwendet, dessen zwei Komponenten beim Einfüllen in den Spalt 19 gemischt werden. Durch das Mischen der zwei Komponenten beginnt der Klebstoff auszuhärten. Als Klebstoff wurde zum Beispiel der Klebstoff PURBOND CR 421 der schweizerischen Firma Purbond getestet. Dieses Zwei-Komponenten-Polyurethan-Giessharz ist vom Deutschen Institut für Bautechnik unter der Zulassungsnummer Z-9.1-707 zum Einkleben von Stahlstäben in tragende Holzbauteile zugelassen und frei erhältlich. Mit diesem Klebstoff wurde eine Verbindung zwischen zwei Holzelementen mit Zugfestigkeiten von bis zu 20 Newton pro Quadratmillimeter (N/mm2) gemessen. Durch diese Technik ist des Bilden von grossen Geschossdecken 2 durch die stirnseitige Verklebung von Stützenköpfe 6, Nebentragteilen 7 und 8 möglich, die die Kraft über die ganze Ebene der Geschossdecke 2 gleichmässig verteilen und auf die Stützen 5 überleiten. Alternativ kann die Verbindung anstatt durch Verkleben auch durch alternative Verbindungsmittel wie Stahlverbindungsmittel geschaffen werden.The achievement of a load-bearing connection is achieved as follows. First, the end faces of the parts to be connected are arranged in such a way that the layers face each other in the same main fiber direction and the parts to be connected form a gap between the end faces. The two parts to be connected are fixed in this position. The gap between the parts to be connected is sealed at the edges, for example by filling. The
Vorzugsweise werden alle Teilen der Geschossdecke 2, das heisst die Stützenköpfe 6, die ersten Nebentragteile 7 und die zweiten Nebentragteile 8, so aufgebaut, dass die oberste Schicht eine Hauptfaserrichtung aufweist, die rechtwinkelig auf der Hauptfaserrichtung der untersten Schicht steht. Im Stand der Technik werden die oberste und die unterste Schicht immer mit der gleichen Hauptfaserrichtung ausgebildet, da sich sonst die Platten verziehen. Dies hat aber den Nachteil, dass die Platten in der Hauptfaserrichtung der obersten und untersten Schicht stabiler sind als in die andere der beiden Hauptfaserrichtungen der Platte. Deshalb wird hier absichtlich der Nachteil des Verziehens der Platten in Kauf genommen, um Platten zu schaffen, die in beide Hauptfaserrichtungen gleich stabil sind.Preferably, all parts of the
Durch die erfindungsgemässe Geschossdeckenkonstruktion für eine Geschossdecke 2 kann nun die Kraft auf eine Geschossdecke 2 in der Ebene der Geschossdecke 2 selbst und nicht über separate Träger in eine Stütze 5 eingeleitet werden und gleichzeitig die Kräfte der oberen Stockwerke von der oberen Stütze 5 direkt auf die untere Stütze 5 eingeleitet werden. Durch die Verwendung der Geschossdecke 2 selbst als kraftübertragendes Element, entfallen zusätzliche Träger für die Geschossdecke 2 und die Geschossdecke 2 kann dünner ausgebildet werden als ein entsprechender Träger. Durch diese Konstruktion können Geschossdecken 2 mit Stützenabständen von acht mal acht Metern erzielt werden. Die Geschossdecke 2 bildet dabei vorzugsweise eine Platte gleicher Dicke über die ganze Ebene der Geschossdecke aus, die selbst als tragendes Element für die Geschossdecke 2 fungiert und keine zusätzlichen tragenden Träger benötigt.By means of the floor slab construction according to the invention for a
Wenn in diesem Patent die Begriffe unten oder oben verwendet werden, so bezieht sich unten auf in Richtung der Erdanziehung und oben in Richtung entgegen der Erdanziehung.When the terms below or above are used in this patent, below refers to in the direction of gravity and above in the direction opposite to gravity.
In dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel waren die ersten und der zweiten Hauptfaserrichtungen 14 und 15 der benachbarten Schichten der Elemente der Geschossdecke rechtwinkelig zueinander. Es könnten auch andere Winkel zwischen den Hauptfaserrichtungen und eine grössere Anzahl von Hauptfaserrichtungen auftreten. So könnten die drei verschiedene Schichten Hauptfaserrichtungen aufweisen, die jeweils in 60° Winkel zueinander stehen, so dass Kraftübertragungen in der Geschossebene entlang von drei Richtungen funktioniert. Somit könnten die Kräfte evtl. besser zu dem Stützenkopf geleitet werden. Allerdings sind solche Konstruktionen komplizierter.In the exemplary embodiment described, the first and second
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebene Ausführungsform beschränkt. Jede im Wortlaut der unabhängigen Ansprüche enthaltene Ausführungsform ist in der Erfindung inbegriffen.The invention is not limited to the described embodiment. Any embodiment contained in the wording of the independent claims is included in the invention.
Claims (16)
- Storey ceiling construction having a first lower wooden support (5) for supporting a storey ceiling (2), a first upper wooden support (5) for supporting a further storey ceiling (2, 4) and a first support head (6) made of wood for introducing the forces of the storey ceiling (2) into the first lower wooden support (5), wherein the first support head (6) lies on the first lower wooden support (5) and the first upper wooden support (5) is supported directly on the first lower wooden support;
characterized in that
the first support head (6) of wood has a first main fiber direction (14) and a second main fiber direction (15) different from the first main fiber direction, wherein the first main fiber direction (14) and the second main fiber direction (15) are arranged in the plane of the storey ceiling (2). - Storey ceiling construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the first support head (6) has a recess (9), and the first upper wooden support (5) and/or the first lower wooden support (6) is/are lead through the recess (9) of the support head (6), so that the first upper wooden support (5) can rest directly on the first lower wooden support (5).
- Storey ceiling construction according to claim 1, wherein the first lower wooden support (5), on the side facing the first support head (6), is executed in stepped tapering fashion so that the first lower wooden support (5) is introduced into the recess (9) of the first support head (6), and the first support head (6) rests with the edge of the recess (9) on the shaped step of the first lower wooden support (5).
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first lower wooden support (5) and/or the first upper wooden support (5) has a main fiber direction at a right angle to the storey ceiling (2).
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first support head (6) is made of cross-laminated timber.
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first main fiber direction (14) and the second main fiber direction (15) are arranged at a right angle to one another.
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first support head (6) has a plurality of timber layers (12, 13), wherein in the plurality of timber layers, a first timber layer (12) with the first main fiber direction (14) alternates with a second timber layer (13) with the second main fiber direction (15).
- Storey ceiling construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the first timber layer (12) has at least two wood elements that lie next to one another in the layer plane in the direction of the second main fiber direction (15), and/or the second timber layer (13) has at least two wood elements lying next to one another in the layer plane in the direction of the first main fiber direction (14), wherein the at least two wood elements of a timber layer have one wood element of one species of timber (16) and one wood element of a second species of timber (17).
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first support head (6) has at least one first area with a plurality of timber layers of a first timber species (16), at least one second area with a plurality of timber layers with a second timber species (17) and at least a third area with a plurality of timber layers in which the first wood species (16) and the second wood species (17) alternate.
- Storey ceiling construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the recess (9) is placed in the second area, and the second timber species (17) is more stable than the first timber species (16).
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the claims 7 to 10 having the storey ceiling (2), wherein the storey ceiling (2) comprises the first support head (6) and an auxiliary supporting structure, wherein the auxiliary supporting structure has a plurality of timber layers (12, 13), wherein in the plurality of timber layers a first timber layer (12) with the first main fiber direction (14) alternates with a second timber layer (13) with the second main fiber direction (15).
- Storey ceiling construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the auxiliary supporting structure is connected on the front end with the front end (11) of the first support head (6).
- Storey ceiling construction according to the preceding claim, wherein the auxiliary supporting structure is arranged on the front end with a front end of the support head (6) through a gap at a distance, and the auxiliary supporting structure is connected in bearing fashion with the first support head via an adhesive layer filled into the gap.
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the claims 11 to 13, wherein the upper layer of the support head (6) and/or of the auxiliary supporting structure has a main fiber direction that runs perpendicular to the main fiber direction of the lower layer of the first support head (6) and/or of the auxiliary supporting structure.
- Storey ceiling construction according to one of the claims 11 to 14, having a second lower wooden support (5), a third lower wooden support (5), a fourth lower wooden support (5), a second upper wooden support (5) resting on the second lower wooden support (5), a third upper wooden support (5) resting on the third lower wooden support (5), a fourth upper wooden support (5) resting on the fourth lower wooden support (5), wherein the storey ceiling (2) furthermore has a second support head resting on the second lower wooden support (5), a third support head (6) resting on the third lower wooden support (5) and a fourth support head (6) resting on the fourth lower wooden support (5), wherein the auxiliary supporting structure has four first auxiliary supporting elements connecting two neighboring of the support heads (6) and at least a second auxiliary supporting element (8) that connects the four first auxiliary supporting elements (7) and forms a closed surface of the storey ceiling (2) between the four first auxiliary supporting elements (7).
- Building having a storey ceiling construction according to claim 1 to 15.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18164930.2A EP3363961A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling structure and building made of wood |
RS20201087A RS60776B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling construction and building made of wood |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00829/13A CH707948A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2013-04-24 | Ceilings construction and wooden buildings. |
PCT/EP2014/056408 WO2014173634A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling construction and building made of wood |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18164930.2A Division EP3363961A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling structure and building made of wood |
EP18164930.2A Division-Into EP3363961A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling structure and building made of wood |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2989263A1 EP2989263A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
EP2989263B1 true EP2989263B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
Family
ID=48193065
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14713490.2A Active EP2989263B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling construction and building made of wood |
EP18164930.2A Withdrawn EP3363961A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling structure and building made of wood |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18164930.2A Withdrawn EP3363961A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2014-03-31 | Storey ceiling structure and building made of wood |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10132079B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2989263B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH707948A1 (en) |
RS (1) | RS60776B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014173634A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020118563A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 大连理工大学 | Design and rapid construction methods for flush assembly of prefabricated steel beams and floor |
US11530540B2 (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-12-20 | Pliteq Inc. | Sound transmission control in cross laminated timber construction |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US915421A (en) * | 1908-07-06 | 1909-03-16 | Theodore Augustus Eisen | Construction of buildings. |
US1989798A (en) * | 1927-09-24 | 1935-02-05 | Thomas J Foster | Building slab and wall construction |
DE2108524A1 (en) * | 1971-02-23 | 1973-05-10 | Bodo Rasch | SYSTEM FOR FRAMEWORK CONSTRUCTIONS - CONSISTS OF ELEMENTS IN MUSHROOM CONSTRUCTION - INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURED AND ASSEMBLED ON THE SITE SUITABLE FOR ONE-STOREY AND MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS - OR FOR MULTI-STOREY AND MIDDLE-STOREY HOUSEHOLD |
US5577356A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1996-11-26 | Panabode Cedar Homes, Inc. | Pre-cut building method and structure |
EP0848774B1 (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 2001-04-11 | Dragica Graf | Half-timbering system and framework elements and method of producing a framework element |
AT406596B (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2000-06-26 | Erwin Ing Thoma | Prefabricated plywood element |
AT410687B (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2003-06-25 | Erwin Ing Thoma | PLYWOOD ELEMENT |
WO2003035341A1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-01 | Uniwood Corporation | Laminated composite wooden material and method of manufacturing the material |
DE10163446A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Hundegger Hans | composite component |
JP2005059529A (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-03-10 | Ibiken Kk | Dimensionally stable laminated lumber and its production method |
-
2013
- 2013-04-24 CH CH00829/13A patent/CH707948A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2014
- 2014-03-31 EP EP14713490.2A patent/EP2989263B1/en active Active
- 2014-03-31 US US14/786,820 patent/US10132079B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-31 EP EP18164930.2A patent/EP3363961A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-31 WO PCT/EP2014/056408 patent/WO2014173634A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-31 RS RS20201087A patent/RS60776B1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3363961A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
WO2014173634A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
US20160258155A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
EP2989263A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
CH707948A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 |
RS60776B1 (en) | 2020-10-30 |
US10132079B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
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