EP3130718A1 - Composite construction material element - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite structural element, comprising
- a timber support (2, 2 ', 26, 29) which has a plurality of elongate recesses (8, 8', 8 ") extending in a first direction, wherein between the recesses elevations (9, 9 ', 32) are located;
- A plurality of transverse struts (13) which are arranged transversely to the first direction of the recesses, wherein the transverse struts in each case pass through at least one recess,
and
- A connected to the timber carrier concrete material layer (15, 15 ', 15 "), which at least partially fills the recesses and is at least partially disposed about the transverse struts.

Description

The present invention relates to a composite structural element, a method of constructing a building from such composite structural elements, and a building comprising such composite structural elements.

Composite materials are used in the prior art to advantageously combine properties of two different materials. When building buildings, wood is a popular material because it radiates a pleasant atmosphere. In addition, wood is a lightweight building material that has a positive CO ₂ balance and is permanently elastic. Furthermore, wood has an odor-binding effect and positive effects with respect to vapor diffusion. In addition, wood is a renewable resource worldwide.

However, pure wood may be disadvantageous in terms of fire performance and long-term stability, etc. Also, wood does not provide satisfactory sound insulation.

Concrete is also a widely used material that is commonly used in the construction of structures. Concrete is a stable and durable building material.

The prior art has attempted to combine the properties of concrete and wood. It is known, on a wooden support a plurality of screws at an angle to arrange and shed with concrete. It is also known to arrange steel strips perpendicular to the timber carrier on a wooden support and to shed with concrete. It is also known to rake out in a timber carrier shear cams and shed with concrete.

However, it has not been possible to produce a composite material of wood and concrete, which meets the requirements, especially in physical terms. In particular, unsatisfactory longitudinal and transverse forces could be absorbed by such composite materials. This is particularly disadvantageous in buildings that are exposed to an earthquake.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a wood-based composite structural element which overcomes the disadvantages of composite materials known in the art. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of constructing a building by which a building can be constructed which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. With the method according to the invention, in particular a building should be able to be erected, which is characterized by a short construction time and at the same time provides advantageous physical properties - in particular with regard to seismic safety. Finally, the invention has for its object to provide a building with the advantages mentioned.

The stated objects are achieved on the one hand by a composite structural element according to claim 1, a method according to claim 16 and a building according to claim 19. The dependent claims claim preferred embodiments.

The composite structural element according to the invention comprises a wooden beam having a plurality of elongated recesses extending in a first direction, wherein there are elevations between the recesses. The composite structural element further comprises cross struts, which are arranged in a second direction transversely to the first direction of the recesses, wherein the transverse struts each pass through at least one recess. The composite structural element comprises Further, a concrete material layer connected to the timber carrier, which at least partially fills the recesses and is at least partially disposed about the transverse struts. Under "recesses" are understood in the context of this invention wells that arise, for example, by a juxtaposition of beams of different heights.

The first direction is preferably the longitudinal direction of the composite structural element. The second direction is preferably the transverse direction of the composite structural element. Without being bound by the following theory, the inventor of the present invention suspects that forces acting on the composite construction material are absorbed by the transverse struts and transmitted as transverse forces by means of the transverse struts to the elevations of the timber support. There, the transverse forces of the cross braces are finally flexibly absorbed as acting on the wooden beam longitudinal forces and directed into other parts of a building.

According to the invention, the concrete material layer is embedded in the recesses of the timber support and between the transverse struts, so that a firm bond between the timber support and the concrete material layer is formed. In the composite structural element of the present invention, it is possible to rely entirely on reinforcing elements, e.g. Rebar steel be waived. In contrast to the above-described, known from the prior art composite materials in which usually only metal pins are obliquely introduced into the timber beam before concrete is applied to the timber beam, only either tensile or compressive forces can be absorbed. When composite structural element according to the invention with its arranged in the recesses cross struts both types of forces can be absorbed. This is particularly advantageous if dynamic forces, for example, be taken and compensated for earthquakes.

Preferably, the individual transverse struts extend through a plurality of recesses and / or elevations. This is advantageous in terms of the stability of the composite structural element according to the invention and on the other advantageous in that the timber carrier can be made in a quick and easy way.

Advantageously, the transverse struts are arranged substantially at right angles to the recesses and / or elevations. As a result, forces can be transmitted in all spatial directions between the concrete material layer and the timber beam.

The cross struts may for example have a square, rectangular, cross-shaped, oval or polygonal cross-section. As a rule, however, the transverse struts have a round cross-section. This is particularly advantageous when the cross braces are inserted into previously drilled openings in the surveys. Since round holes are formed when drilling with a conventional drilling machine, transverse struts with a round cross-section fit precisely into such holes.

Advantageously, the transverse struts have a diameter which is less than the depth of the recesses, wherein the cross struts extend at most to the upper end of the elevations and at most to the lowest point of the recesses, wherein they preferably do not extend over the entire recess. As a result, the area of the transverse struts for absorbing the longitudinal forces can be increased.

Preferably, the cross struts are at least partially made of metal, in particular steel, aluminum or stainless steel, composite materials, in particular wood composite materials, fiberglass, concrete or wood, in particular hardwood, beech, softwood or spruce wood.

The timber beam is usually at least partially made of timber, softwood, cross laminated timber, spruce, glued, hardwood, beech or wood composites. The aforementioned materials of the transverse struts and the timber support are particularly well suited to produce a stable, yet flexible composite structural element. The recesses in the timber carrier may, for example, have the cross-section of a rectangular U, V, obtuse U, rectangular U or the like.

Preferably, the recesses are formed as grooves and generally have an above-mentioned cross-section. Such grooves may, for example, be incorporated in a one-piece wooden body, e.g. are milled. However, the timber carrier can also be constructed from a plurality of wooden beams. A first beam type may have a cross-section with a lower height than a second beam type with a cross-section with a smaller height. The beams of the first beam type and the beams of the second beam type may then be arranged alternately flush with each other at a first end of the cross section. The second ends of the cross section of the first beam type, which are opposite to the first ends, then form the elevations. The second ends of the cross section of the second beam type, which are opposite to the first ends, then form the recesses. There are alternately arranged beams with a higher and a lower cross-section to each other. In this way you get a wooden beam, which has elongated grooves on one side.

However, it is also conceivable that the aforementioned beam types are identical. In this case, the individual bars can be connected to one another offset from one another. In this way, you get a wooden beam, which has wells and elevations both on one side and on the other side. Such a wooden beam is also available when using bars of a first beam type and a second beam type with different high cross-sections, and arranges the beam types with the lower height respectively centrally between two beam types with a higher cross-section.

Advantageously, the concrete material is also arranged on the elevations, wherein the side facing away from the timber carrier of the concrete material layer is preferably formed substantially flat. This contributes to the stiffening of the composite structural element according to the invention. In addition, the wooden beams are protected from environmental influences by a closed concrete material layer. The concrete material can also be applied on both sides of the wood carrier.

As a rule, the concrete material of the concrete material layer has at least one binder and / or at least one additive, such as, for example, Sand and / or stones, wherein the binder preferably comprises at least one of the group of cement, magnesite, anhydrite, synthetic resin and epoxy resin. In addition to the mineral aggregates mentioned, non-mineral additives may also be included. In addition to the materials mentioned, water is usually contained in the concrete. For example, if cement is used as a binder, the cement in conjunction with water is called cement paste. The cement paste encloses the additives and is responsible for the viscosity and for the solidification of the concrete. It is also conceivable that cementless concretes are used in the article according to the invention. Such concretes are known in special cases as Feuerbetone for use above 1,500 ° C or sewage disposal / biogas plants. The o.g. Anhydrite (gypsum free of water of crystallization) is actually a binder such as cement, but is added to the cement as an additive to influence the setting time of the cement paste. In the subject invention is also synthetic resin concrete (also called polymer concrete) conceivable. This is a mixture of reactive polymer binders and dry aggregate. Here, synthetic resins are added to the cement paste as an additive. Also anhydrite concrete is a conceivable type of concrete, which is usually referred to in the art as anhydrite screed. In addition to the o.g. Possibilities are possible as concrete material of any of the prior art known concrete.

On the concrete material layer further material may be applied. For example, a plaster layer, insulation layer, paint layer or screed layer can be arranged. Also, films can be applied as vapor barriers and moisture protection on the concrete material layer. In addition, any other layers may be arranged on the concrete material, for example a floor covering, floor tiles and / or wall tiles.

The concrete material layer may comprise a reinforcement of fibers, in particular plant fibers and / or glass fibers. Such fibers contribute to further stiffening of the entire composite structural element. By a fiber reinforcement is It also prevents the concrete material from detaching from the wood, as the fibers mentioned can absorb both shear and tensile forces in the concrete.

In one embodiment of the composite structural element according to the invention, the surface of the wooden support at least partially comprises a layer of hydrophobic material, in particular a layer of oil, e.g. Formwork oil, wax, e.g. Forming wax, and / or paint and / or a spray on. By such a hydrophobization of the wood swelling of the wood cross sections is avoided by the concrete and Rohbaufeuchtigkeit. Such a hydrophobization also ensures that from the beginning there is no bond between wood and concrete material. This prevents the concrete material from cracking after drying.

In one embodiment variant of the composite structural element according to the invention, this is a wall element for erecting a building, wherein the wooden support has at least one support element for laying and supporting a ceiling element and preferably at least one, in particular a plurality of continuous recesses, which are preferably arranged above the at least one support element. As will be shown in more detail below, is made possible by the said support element on the wall element a quick and easy laying or hanging wood carriers of ceiling elements of a building. Through the recesses in the wood support of the wall element is achieved that liquid concrete material which is applied to a wooden support of a ceiling element, flow through the recesses and so can cover the wood support of the wall element (see also below and figures).

In a further embodiment of the composite structural element according to the invention, this may be a ceiling element for the construction of a building, wherein it preferably has a bearing area adapted to the shape of a support element of a wall element for laying on the support element of the wall element. This support area may be in the form of a step, for example. If the composite structural element according to the invention is a ceiling element, the concrete material layer is in the installed state of the ceiling element first Line on the top of the ceiling element so that it has improved strength for a floor. Conversely, if it is a wall element, the concrete material can be arranged on both sides to protect the timber from the weather.

1. a) Aufstellen der Holzträger der mindestens zwei Wandelemente auf eine Bodenplatte derart, dass die länglichen Ausnehmungen senkrecht zur Bodenplatte angeordnet sind, und dass sich die beiden Holzträger parallel zueinander in einem Abstand voneinander, welcher im Wesentlichen der Länge oder Breite des Deckenelements entspricht, gegenüberstehen und dass zumindest die einander abgewandten Seiten der beiden Holzträger die länglichen Ausnehmungen aufweisen;
2. b) Auflegen des Holzträgers des mindestens einen Deckenelements auf die Tragelemente der Holzträger der Wandelemente derart, dass zumindest auf einer der Bodenplatte abgewandten Oberseite des Holzträgers des Dachelements die länglichen Ausnehmungen mit Querstreben vorhanden sind und dass die länglichen Ausnehmungen des Holzträgers des Deckenelements in offener Verbindung mit den Aussparungen in den Wandelementen stehen;
3. c) Aufbringen von Betonwerkstoff auf die Oberseite des Holzträgers des Deckenelements derart, dass der Betonwerkstoff zumindest die länglichen Ausnehmungen des Holzträgers des Deckenelements zumindest teilweise ausfüllt und durch die Aussparungen der Holzträger der Wandelemente in deren längliche Ausnehmungen fließt.

The present invention further relates to a method for constructing a building, which building comprises at least two composite structural elements according to the invention as wall elements and at least one composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a ceiling element, which method comprises the following working steps:

1. a) placing the wooden beams of the at least two wall elements on a bottom plate such that the elongated recesses are arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate, and that the two wood beams parallel to each other at a distance from each other, which substantially corresponds to the length or width of the ceiling element facing, and that at least the opposite sides of the two wooden beams have the elongated recesses;
2. b) placing the wooden support of the at least one ceiling element on the support elements of the wood support of the wall elements such that at least on one of the bottom plate facing away from the top of the timber support of the roof element, the elongated recesses are provided with cross struts and that the elongated recesses of the wood support of the ceiling element in open connection with the recesses are in the wall elements;
3. c) applying concrete material to the top of the timber support of the ceiling element such that the concrete material at least partially fills the elongated recesses of the timber support of the ceiling element and flows through the recesses of the wood support of the wall elements in their elongated recesses.

With the method according to the invention, a closed concrete material layer can be created, which extends from the outside of a wall element via a ceiling element to the outside of the opposite wall element.

Advantageously, in step c) of the method according to the invention, four wooden beams of wall elements are arranged in such a way that they form a closed frame with a quadrangular, in particular rectangular cross-section. This ensures that a complete building can be built with a cast in a cast concrete shell.

In a further development of the method according to the invention, at least two wooden beams of at least two ceiling elements are placed on superimposed support elements of the wood beams of the wall elements, wherein the concrete material is first applied to the wood support of the lowermost ceiling element and then successively applied to each next following timber beam of the next ceiling element. As a result, a multi-storey building can be made with a closed concrete shell.

The present invention further relates to a building comprising at least four wall elements according to the invention and at least one ceiling element according to the invention, wherein the wood beams of the wall elements are formed integrally independently of the number of ceiling elements. "One-piece" in this context means that not several wooden beams are arranged one above the other. A single timber beam thus extends from the lowest floor to the top floor. Due to the one-piece design of the wooden beams of the wall elements of the building according to the invention, the building according to the invention receives a high elasticity. This is particularly advantageous in the event of an earthquake, because shocks can be absorbed by the elasticity of the walls, which have such integral wooden beams. This is not possible with the buildings known from the prior art. In the buildings known from the prior art, the ceilings are stacked floor by floor on the wall elements. The wall elements in multi-storey buildings of the prior art are not in one piece, but - depending on the number of projectiles - formed in several pieces. The shocks that form here are weak points, especially when vibrations occur, such as earthquakes. At the joints, the walls can buckle under shock. This is not the case with the building according to the invention.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings and the dependent claims. Here, the individual features can be realized alone or in combination with each other.

Fig. 1A:

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Holzträgers eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundbauwerkstoffelements, aufliegend auf einer Stützwand;

Fig. 1B:

einen Querschnitt durch den Holzträger von Fig. 1A;

Fig. 1C:

einen Querschnitt durch den Holzträger von Fig. 1A bzw. 1B nach Aufbringen einer Betonwerkstoffschicht, sodass hier ein komplettes erfindungsgemäßes Verbundbauwerkstoffelement gezeigt ist;

Fig. 1D:

einen Querschnitt durch das Verbundbauwerkstoffelement von Fig. 1C mit einer auf der Betonwerkstoffschicht aufgebrachten Dämm und Putzschicht;

Fig. 1E:

einen Querschnitt durch die Längsseite des Verbundbauwerkstoffelements nach Fig. 1C mit Stützwand;

Fig. 1F:

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Verbundbauwerkstoffelements von Fig. 1 E;

Fig. 2A:

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Holzträger einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundbauwerkstoffelements in Form eines Wandelements;

Fig. 2B:

eine weitere perspektivische Darstellung des Holzträgers von Fig. 2A;

Fig. 2C:

eine Draufsicht auf die Seite des Holzträgers der Figuren 2A und 2B, welche die länglichen Ausnehmungen aufweist;

Fig. 2D:

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Holzträgers der Figuren 2A bis 2C mit aufgebrachter Betonwerkstoff-, Dämm- und Putzschicht;

Fig. 2E:

einen Längsschnitt durch das Verbundbauwerkstoffelement von Fig.2D;

Fig. 3A:

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Holzträgers eines erfindungsgemäßen Wandelements, welches mit dem Holzträger eines erfindungsgemäßen Deckenelements verbunden ist;

Fig. 3B:

eine weitere perspektivische Darstellung der Kombination von Fig. 3A;

Fig. 3C:

einen Längsschnitt durch die Kombination gemäß den Figuren 3A bzw. 3B nach Aufbringen einer Betonwerkstoff-, Dämm- sowie Putzschicht;

Fig. 3D:

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Gebäudeausschnitts von Fig. 3C;

Fig. 4:

einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundbauwerkstoffelements;

Fig. 5A:

einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsfporm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundbauwerkstoffelements;

Fig. 5B:

einen Querschnitt durch den Holzträger des Verbundbauwerkstoffelements von Fig. 5A.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1A:

a perspective view of a wooden support of a composite structural element according to the invention, resting on a support wall;

1B:

a cross section through the wooden beam of Fig. 1A ;

Fig. 1C:

a cross section through the wooden beam of Fig. 1A or 1B after application of a concrete material layer, so that here a complete composite construction element according to the invention is shown;

Fig. 1D:

a cross section through the composite structural element of Fig. 1C with an applied on the concrete material layer insulation and plaster layer;

Fig. 1E:

a cross section through the longitudinal side of the composite structural element according to Fig. 1C with supporting wall;

Fig. 1F:

a perspective view of the composite structural element of Fig. 1 e;

Fig. 2A:

a perspective view of a timber support of another embodiment of a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a wall element;

Fig. 2B:

another perspective view of the timber carrier of Fig. 2A ;

Fig. 2C:

a plan view of the side of the timber carrier of FIGS. 2A and 2 B having the elongated recesses;

Fig. 2D:

a perspective view of the timber carrier of FIGS. 2A to 2C with applied concrete material, insulation and plaster layer;

Fig. 2E:

a longitudinal section through the composite structural element of Figure 2d ;

Fig. 3A:

a perspective view of a wooden support of a wall element according to the invention, which is connected to the timber support of a ceiling element according to the invention;

Fig. 3B:

another perspective view of the combination of Fig. 3A ;

3C:

a longitudinal section through the combination according to the FIGS. 3A or 3B after application of a concrete material, insulation and plaster layer;

Fig. 3D:

a perspective view of the building section of Fig. 3C ;

4:

a cross-section through another embodiment of a composite structural element according to the invention;

Fig. 5A:

a cross-section through another Ausführungsfporm a composite structural element according to the invention;

Fig. 5B:

a cross section through the timber carrier of the composite structural element of Fig. 5A ,

Fig. 1A shows a perspective view of a timber support 2, which is part of the in the FIGS. 1C to 1F shown composite structural element 1 is. The composite structural element 1 is designed as a ceiling element. In the FIGS. 2A to 2E a wooden support 3 is shown, which is part of a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a wall element 10. The timber support 2 and the timber support 3 are constructed substantially the same and are explained together in terms of conciseness.

The timber beams 2 and 3 comprise a plurality of beams 4 of a first type and a plurality of beams 5 of a second type. The term beam in the context of the present invention also includes planks and boards. The bars 4 and 5 touch each other on the longitudinal side of the cross sections. On one side of the cross sections, the beams 3,4 are arranged flush with each other, so that a substantially flat surface 6 is formed. The bars 4 of the first type have a cross-section with a greater height than the bars 5 of the second type. Since the bars 4 of the first type and the bars 5 of the second type are arranged flush on a narrow side of the cross section, formed on the flat side 6 opposite side 7 elongated recesses 8 and elevations 9 in the timber support 2 and 3. Die Ausnehmungen are generated by the bars 5 of the second type, wherein the bottom of the respective recesses of the narrow sides 10 of the bars 5 is formed. The elevations 9 are formed by the bars 4, wherein the narrow sides 11 form the tops of the elevations 9. The recesses 8 have the cross section of a rectangular U formed.

The beams 4 and 5 are made of laminated wood in the present embodiment. Further preferred types of wood are lumber, softwood, spruce, hardwood, beech wood, wood composites, cross laminated wood and glued laminated timber.

The beams 4 and 5 are connected to each other by means of pins 12 which extend through the beams 4 and 5 and thereby form the timber beam 2 and 3, respectively. The pins 12 thus pass through the beams 4 of the first type and the beams 5 of the second type.
At this point it should be mentioned that the recesses in the timber carrier can also be produced by milling an integrally formed wooden body.

Transverse to the extension direction of the elongated recesses 8 extends a plurality of cross struts 13. The cross struts are arranged above the bottom 10 of the recesses and below the top 11 of the elevations 9. The cross struts 13 are made in the present embodiment of metal. However, the cross braces may also be made of a different material, such as wood, wood composites, glass fibers or the like.

Each transverse strut 13 passes through all elongated recesses 8 and elevations 9 of the timber support 2 and 3. The cross struts 13 are arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the recesses 8 and elevations 9. The wooden beam 2 of Figure 1A is in the present embodiment on a supporting wall 14.

To produce a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a ceiling element 1, concrete is applied to the side 7 of the wooden support 2, so that a concrete material layer 15 is formed. In the FIGS. 1C to 1F is the timber support 2 with the concrete material layer 15, so to see a finished inventive composite structural element 1. The concrete layer 15 completely fills the elongated recesses 8 and surrounds the cross struts 13. The concrete layer 15 also extends to the upper sides 11 of the elevations 9 and shows a flat upper side 16.

As in Fig. 1D can be seen, an insulating layer 17 and a plaster layer 18 was applied to the flat top 16 of the concrete layer 15. As in Fig. 1E is to be seen is in the concrete layer 15, a tie bar 19 is integrated, which is located in a recess 8 of the timber carrier 2. This pull bar 19 absorbs tensile forces that may arise in the area in which the ceiling element 1 is supported by the wall 14. The train iron can z. B. be a rod.

In the FIGS. 2A to 2E the wooden support 3 is shown, which is part of the wall element 10 of the invention Figures 2D and 2E is. The timber support 3 stands on a base plate 20 made of concrete. As in Fig. 2B can be seen, protrude from the bottom plate 20 metal rods 21 which are cast in the bottom plate 20. The timber support 3 is positioned on the base plate 20 so that the metal rods 21 are located in front of the recesses 8 of the timber support 3 (see also FIG Fig. 2C ).

To produce a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a wall element 10, concrete is now applied to the side 7 of the wooden support 3 so that a concrete material layer 15 is formed. The concrete can be applied economically, for example by spraying. However, it can also be concreted using a formwork. As in the Figures 2D and 2E can be seen, an insulating layer 17 is applied to the concrete material layer 15. On this insulating layer 17, a plaster layer 18 is finally applied.

As in Fig. 2E can be seen, the metal rods 21 act as connecting members between the bottom plate 20 and the concrete material layer 15 of the wall element 10. Thus, a tensile and shear-resistant connection between the bottom plate 20 and the wall element 10 is achieved. Loads are dissipated in the foundation and the timber support 3 need not be firmly dowelled to the bottom plate 20 before.

Fig. 3A shows a further embodiment of a wooden support 3 'of another embodiment of a wall element 10' according to the invention, on which wooden support 3 'a wooden support 2' of another embodiment of a ceiling element 1 'according to the invention is arranged. Corresponding elements of the timber beams 2 'and 3' and the timber beams 2 and 3 are provided with the same reference numerals. The wooden support 3 'differs from the wooden support 3 of the previously discussed figures only in that that it has a longer design, support blocks 22 for placing the wooden support 2 'and continuous, above the support blocks 22 arranged through recesses 23 has. The recesses 23 are incorporated in each of the beams 5 of the second beam type.

The timber support 2 'differs from the timber support 2 of the previously discussed figures only in that the beams 4 of the first type have a step 24 at their ends. This step 24 serves as a support area for placement on the support blocks 22 of the timber support 3 '. Due to the construction of the wooden beams 2 'and 3', it is possible in a simple manner, the wooden support 2 'of the ceiling element 1' on the support blocks 22 of the timber support 3 'of the wall element 10' hang up and so a quick and easy connection between the wood beams 2 'and 3' produce. The position of the support blocks 22, the recesses 23 and the steps 24 is chosen so that after placing the timber support 2 'on the timber support 3' an open connection between the recesses 8 of the timber support 2 'and the recesses 23 in the timber support 3' consists , The shape of the steps 24 is adapted to the shape of the support blocks 22. With the timber beams 2 'and 3' and the resulting wall elements 10 'and ceiling elements 1', it is possible to create a multi-storey building whose wall elements are integrally formed.

In order to produce finished composite structural elements 1 'or 10' from the wooden girders 2 'and 3', concrete is applied to the side 7 (upper side) of the wooden girder 2 '. Before, a formwork is placed on the outermost beam of the timber support 2 '. It is then concrete so applied to the timber support 2 'that the concrete, the elongated recesses 8 of the timber support 2' completely fills and also on the top 11 of the elevations 9 of the timber support 2 'is arranged. Furthermore, such an amount of concrete is applied that the concrete flows through the recesses 23 of the timber support 3 'in the elongated recesses 8 of the timber support 3'. In order to obtain a sufficiently strong concrete material layer 15 on the timber support 3 ', a formwork is also arranged on the outermost beam of the timber support 3'. Thus, the concrete can also flow over the tops 11 of the elevations 9 of the timber support 3 'and form a flat surface there. Alternatively or in addition to a shuttering concrete can also with the help of a Plaster or by hand on the wood support 3 'and / or possibly already partially created concrete material layer can be applied.

In Fig. 3C , in which a longitudinal section through the ceiling element 1 'and the wall element 10' is shown, it can be seen that in the concrete material layer 15 of the ceiling element 1 'a pull bar 29 is integrated. This pull bar 29 extends from the concrete material layer 15 of the ceiling element 1 'through a recess 23 of the timber support 3', which recess 23 is also filled with concrete, into the concrete material layer 15 of the wall element 10 '. Also, the joints 25, which form between the timber support 2 'and the timber support 3' or have formed when laying, are filled with concrete, which contributes to a further stabilization of the overall construction. On the integrally formed wall element 10 'is also an insulating layer 17 and a plaster layer 18 is applied.

In the construction of a building according to the invention, as a rule, four wooden supports 3 'of wall elements 10' are initially arranged in such a way that they form a closed frame with a rectangular cross section. In multi-storey buildings are then according to the floor number of wooden beams 2 'of ceiling panels 1' placed on the superposed support blocks 22 of the timber 3 'of the wall elements 10', the concrete is first applied to the timber support 2 'of the lowest ceiling element 1' and then successively is applied to the respective next timber support 2 'of the next ceiling element 1'. The result is a multi-storey building with a closed, cast in a concrete concrete shell. In the case of four wall elements arranged to form a frame, the outermost beams of the wooden beams of the ceiling elements are beams 5 of the second type. This ensures that applied concrete can flow from the outermost recesses directly into the recesses of the two wooden beams connecting to these beams.

For the stiffening supporting effect of the wall elements no transverse dowels are required. A further advantage which is achieved by the elements according to the invention, the method according to the invention or the building according to the invention is that a Prefabrication of the individual wall and ceiling elements with millimeter-accurate planning is possible. This allows a fast and efficient creation of a building. Further advantages include automation through recurrent details, high precision and fit, a high degree of prefabrication and the associated predictability and a high degree of minimization of errors. The ability to produce a building with a closed concrete shell, ensures that the individual floors can be made smoke-tight.
As already mentioned above, by the present invention, a stiffening of plates and discs even without structural steel possible. The reduced structural steel requirement makes it possible to create steel-poor to even steel-free buildings. For example, steel can also be partially or completely replaced by glass fibers. By reducing the proportion of concrete light buildings can be built. This has beneficial effects on the foundation and greater spans can be achieved.

Due to the non-compressive and pressure-resistant connection of walls and floor slabs with elasticity of the material wood, buildings with extremely high earthquake resistance are created. The use of wood significantly improves the CO ₂ balance of new buildings. In addition, the use of wood on the room surfaces improves the indoor climate, reduces the use of ventilation and air-conditioning technology and improves room acoustics.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through another embodiment of a composite structural element 100 according to the invention. In this element 100, the wooden beam 26 is constructed of beams 27 of a first beam type and beams 28 of a second beam type. In this embodiment, the beams 28, which are formed lower than the beams 27, are arranged between the beams 27 such that depressions 8 'and elevations 9' are present on both sides of the timber beam. In this embodiment, a concrete material layer 15 'is also applied on both sides of the timber support 26. The element 100 can function both as a ceiling element and as a wall element. If the element 100 is a ceiling element and the lower concrete material layer 15 'is omitted, so that the wooden beam 26th Exists, for example, a good room acoustics can be achieved because the sound between the wells 8 'and elevations 9' can break.

Fig. 5A shows a cross-section through another embodiment of a composite structural element 110 according to the invention. In this element 110, the wooden support 29 is constructed from a plurality of identical bars 30. The beams 30 have a base portion 31 and an upwardly tapered elevation portion 32, which is formed flattened at its top. The elevation portion 32 is formed somewhat narrower at its widest point than the base portion 31, so that on both sides of the elevation portion 32 shoulders 33 form. The base portions 31 of the beams 30 touch each other on the longitudinal side of the cross sections. The bars 30 are arranged flush with each other, so that a substantially flat surface 6 is formed. Recesses 8 "form between the elevation sections 32 of the beams 30. These depressions 8", which can also be referred to as recesses, have the cross-section of an obtuse-angled U or V with a flattened tip. Each transverse strut 13 extends through all the elongated depressions 8 "and elevation sections 32 of the timber carrier 29. The cross struts 13 are arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the depressions 8" or elevation sections 32 the timber support 29 is here also a concrete material layer 15 "applied.

The composite structural element 110 has proved to be particularly advantageous in load tests. The individual beams 30 of the timber support 29 can be made, for example, by simply milling out the raised portions 32 of conventional wooden beams with a rectangular cross-section.

Claims (18)

Composite structural element, comprising - a timber support (2, 2 ', 26, 29) having a plurality of elongated recesses (8, 8', 8 ") extending in a first direction, wherein between the recesses elevations (9, 9 ', 32) are located; - A plurality of transverse struts (13) which are arranged transversely to the first direction of the recesses, wherein the transverse struts in each case pass through at least one recess,
and - A connected to the timber carrier concrete material layer (15, 15 ', 15 "), which at least partially fills the recesses and is at least partially disposed about the transverse struts. Composite construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual transverse struts (13) extend through a plurality of recesses (8, 8 ', 8 ") and elevations (9, 9', 32). Composite construction element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transverse struts (13) substantially at right angles to the recesses (8, 8 ', 8 ") and / or elevations (9, 9', 32) are arranged. Composite structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse struts (13) have a diameter which is smaller than the depth of the recesses (8, 8 ', 8 "), wherein the transverse struts maximally extend to the upper end (11). the elevations or maximally to the lowest point (10) of the recesses extend, but preferably do not extend over the entire height of the recesses. Composite structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse struts (13) at least partially made of metal, in particular steel, aluminum or stainless steel, composite materials, in particular wood composite materials, fiberglass, concrete, wood, especially hardwood, beech, softwood and / or spruce are. The composite building material element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (8, 8 ', 8 ") are formed as grooves and preferably have a U-shaped or V-shaped cross section or a cross section of a right-angled or obtuse-angled U. Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete material is arranged on a plurality of sides of the timber support (26). Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the timber support (2, 2 ') has a plurality of beams (4, 5; 27, 28), wherein a first beam type (4, 27) has a cross section with a greater height and a second beam type (5, 28) having a reduced height cross section, the first beam type beams (4, 27) and the second beam type beams (5, 28) being alternately flush with each other at a first end of the cross section and the second ends of the cross section of the first beam type, which are opposite to the first ends, form the upper sides (11) of the protrusions (9, 9 '), and the second ends of the cross section of the second beam type, which are opposite to the first ends, the bottoms (10) of the recesses (8, 8 ') form. Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete material is also arranged on the elevations, wherein the wood support (2, 2 ', 26, 29) from facing side of the concrete material layer (15, 15', 15 ") preferably in Essentially just trained. Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete material of the concrete material layer (15, 15 ', 15 ") at least one binder and / at least one additive, such as sand or stones, wherein the binder is preferably at least one of the Group of cement, magnesite, anhydrite, synthetic resin and epoxy resin. Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete material layer (15, 15 ', 15 ") has a reinforcement of fibers, in particular plant fibers, metal fibers and / or glass fibers. Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the wood support (2, 2 ', 26, 29) at least partially a layer of hydrophobic material, in particular a layer of oil, eg, formwork oil, wax, eg formwork wax and / or lacquer and / or has a spray film. Composite structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a wall element (10, 10 ', 100, 110) for the construction of a building, wherein the wooden support (3') at least one support element (22) for laying and supporting a ceiling element ( 1 ') and preferably at least one, in particular a plurality of continuous recesses (23), which are preferably arranged above the at least one support element. Composite construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a ceiling element (1, 1 ', 100, 110) for the construction of a building, wherein it preferably adapted to the shape of a support element (22) of a wall element (10') support area (24) for placing on the support element of the wall element. Method for constructing a building, which building comprises at least two wall elements (10, 10 ', 100, 110) according to Claim 13 and at least one ceiling element (1, 1', 100, 110) according to Claim 14, with the following working steps: a) placing the wooden beams (3, 3 ') of the at least two wall elements (10, 10', 100, 110) according to claim 13 on a bottom plate (20) such that the elongated recesses (8, 8 ', 8 ") perpendicular are arranged to the bottom plate, and that the two wooden beams of the at least two wall elements parallel to each other at a distance from each other, which substantially corresponds to the length or width of the ceiling element, face, and that at least the opposite sides (7) of the two wooden beams, the elongated Have recesses; b) placing the wooden support (2, 2 ') of the at least one ceiling element (1, 1') on support elements (22) of the wooden supports (3, 3 ') of the wall elements (10, 10') such that on one of the floor panels ( 20) facing away from the upper side (7) of the timber support of the ceiling element elongated recesses (8, 8 ') are present and that the elongated recesses of the timber support of the ceiling element in open communication with the recesses (23) are in the timber beams of the wall elements; c) applying concrete material on the top side (7) of the timber support (2,2 ') of the ceiling element (1, 1') such that the concrete material at least partially fills at least the elongated recesses of the timber support of the ceiling element and through the recesses in the Holzträgem the wall elements in the elongated recesses flows. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that in step c) four wooden beams are arranged by wall elements according to claim 14 such that they form a closed frame with a rectangular cross-section. Method according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that at least two wooden beams (2 ') of at least two ceiling elements (1') on superimposed support members (22) of the wood support (3 ') of the wall elements (10') are placed, wherein the concrete material is preferably first applied to the wood support of the lowermost ceiling element and then applied successively to the respective next timber support. Building comprising at least four wall elements (10, 10 ', 100, 110) according to claim 13 and at least one ceiling element (1, 1', 100, 110) according to claim 14, wherein the wooden beams (3, 3 ', 26, 29) the wall elements (10, 10 ', 104, 110) are formed integrally regardless of the number of ceiling elements.

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