EP0952271A2 - Wood-concrete composite element - Google Patents

Wood-concrete composite element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0952271A2
EP0952271A2 EP99108066A EP99108066A EP0952271A2 EP 0952271 A2 EP0952271 A2 EP 0952271A2 EP 99108066 A EP99108066 A EP 99108066A EP 99108066 A EP99108066 A EP 99108066A EP 0952271 A2 EP0952271 A2 EP 0952271A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite
concrete
boards
wood
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP99108066A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0952271A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Bauer
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0952271A2 publication Critical patent/EP0952271A2/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite element consisting of a wooden component, which consists of a plurality of boards assembled in a stacked construction, and a concrete component, the wooden component and the concrete component adjoining one another along a composite surface.
  • Wooden components that are made in board stack construction are used for example as wall or ceiling elements. Such board stacking elements have the advantage that extensive flat wooden components can be assembled from a large number of boards, whereby on the one hand a high strength of the wooden component is achieved and on the other hand relatively low manufacturing costs can be realized.
  • any number of boards or squared timbers are directly strung together and nailed together, screwed, glued, dowelled or otherwise suitably connected to one another.
  • the wooden component produced in this way has a thickness that corresponds to the width of the individual boards, a longitudinal extent that corresponds to the length of the boards, and a transverse extent that results from the number of rows of boards and their individual thickness.
  • a disadvantage of such wooden components made in board stack construction is that certain structural requirements cannot be met with these components. For example, the sound insulation values required in multi-family houses cannot be achieved with ceiling elements made of wooden components, or only at a disproportionately high cost. Likewise, fire protection requirements in apartment buildings can usually not be met with the conventional board stacking elements. For certain structures, burglar-resistant material strengths must also be proven, which are difficult to achieve with such wooden components.
  • Wood-concrete composite elements are also known from the prior art. Wood-concrete composite elements are used in particular in construction where the advantages of the building material wood are to be combined with the advantages of the building material concrete. Wood-concrete composite elements are therefore used differently, in which the individual components have a concrete component in addition to the wooden component.
  • WO 94/11589 shows a wood-concrete composite ceiling, in which the connection between the wooden beams and the concrete is made by metal plates which are fastened in the upper region of the wooden beams. A board stacking element is not used in this composite ceiling. The achievable strength of this composite construction is limited. In addition, the assembly of the composite panels, which can only be done manually on site, is time-consuming.
  • a wood-concrete composite element is also known from WO 96/25566.
  • Metallic composite elements are embedded between individual boards, which are embedded in the concrete component extend. Board stacking elements are not used.
  • the composite anchors used can only absorb relatively low shear forces and do not allow a fully biological construction.
  • a wood-concrete composite element is also in Wood-concrete composite ceiling in use ", GE Marchand, J. Natterer in Swiss engineer and architect, No. 36, 8/96 p. 754 f. And under the system name Hilti HBV ".
  • the complete hardening of the concrete has to be waited for (at least 4 weeks), as there is a loss of material during the drying process.
  • the connecting elements After the concrete has completely hardened, the connecting elements have to be re-tensioned individually in order to achieve a positive and positive fit Establish connection between the wooden component and the concrete component. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that further material shrinkage (for example also in the case of wooden components) may occur later, as a result of which the static properties of the composite element deteriorate, so that the connecting elements provided can only absorb transverse forces that occur with difficulty.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a wood-concrete composite element in which there is a permanent connection between the wooden component and the concrete component, which can also easily absorb lateral forces.
  • the manufacturing process for a wood-concrete composite element is to be simplified by suitable design.
  • the wood-concrete composite element specified in claim 1 In the manufacture of the wooden component, the required composite webs can be inserted between the boards and attached to them in the normal process. The composite webs have a greater width than the other boards of the wooden component, the oversize later protruding into the concrete component, thereby enabling the connection between the wooden component and the concrete component.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element according to the invention is characterized in that the composite webs are composite boards, the width of which is greater than the width of the other boards, and that shear force anchors are arranged which are transverse to the longitudinal direction of the composite webs above the composite surface by recesses in the Composite webs run and are encompassed by the concrete component.
  • This embodiment offers the advantage that no foreign materials have to be integrated within the wooden component, with which the conventional manufacturing techniques of the board stack construction can continue to be used. It is no problem, for example, to provide every fourth board of the wooden component with a larger width in order to achieve the desired excess compared to the other boards.
  • composite webs made of other materials are used, it being possible for the thickness of the composite sheets to be relatively small, for example 0.5 to 2.0 mm.
  • These composite sheets can in turn be arranged between the boards during the manufacture of the wooden component and can be connected to the boards in a conventional manner, for example by nail connections.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is, above all, that particularly large transverse forces can be absorbed and, depending on the application, additional transverse force anchors can be dispensed with, since a non-positive connection is established directly between the composite sheets and the concrete component.
  • the composite sheets e.g. composite webs made of plastic, steel mesh or fabric mats can also be used. It is also possible to fix these modified composite webs in the board stack by gluing, screwing or the like.
  • shear force anchors are also provided, which in turn run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the composite sheets above the composite sheets through recesses in the composite sheets and are encompassed by the concrete component.
  • This configuration enables the construction of Wood-concrete composite elements that can absorb particularly high lateral forces.
  • the fire resistance is higher compared to other embodiments.
  • the transverse force anchors consist of metallic flat profiles, in particular flat strip steel, which are arranged in grooves of the composite boards, these grooves being introduced at an acute angle to the composite surface in the sections of the composite boards projecting beyond the composite surface.
  • the grooves can be made in the composite boards by a simple sawing process, for example.
  • the flat profile is hammered into this saw slot to form an interference fit.
  • This very simple form of the shear anchor can already absorb the shear forces occurring between the wooden component and the concrete component under bending stress, since due to the inclined position of the shear anchor there is no danger that it will be torn out of the grooves of the composite boards.
  • the exact angle at which the grooves are to be made depends on the materials used for the composite webs and the shear force anchors and on the loads to be absorbed.
  • modified shear force anchors are used.
  • the shear force anchors are round bars which extend through bores in the composite webs. It is possible that these round bars are loose in the recesses of the composite webs are inserted and the required force fit is only produced by the concrete penetrating into the recesses during further production. However, it can also be advantageous if the round bars are pressed into the recesses in a force-fitting manner, wherein both steel and wooden round bars can be used. The special selection of the shear anchor and its dimensioning depend on the forces to be absorbed.
  • the shear force anchors are formed by areas of the concrete component, the concrete extending into the recesses in the composite webs and thereby forming the shear force anchors. In this way, simplified production is possible since additional shear force anchors do not have to be attached. In addition, it can be advantageous for certain applications if the wood-concrete composite element can be produced without additional metallic connecting elements.
  • the wood-concrete composite element is designed in such a way that the concrete component has steel reinforcement or reinforcement. It is also possible that the shear anchors are part of this steel reinforcement.
  • the concrete component consists essentially of a material that is open to diffusion, which enables good water vapor diffusion. It can also be advantageous if the concrete component consists largely of lightweight concrete, aerated concrete or other suitable materials that provide the desired properties.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by the wood-concrete composite element specified in claim 4, which differs from the embodiment according to claim 1 in that the forces between the board stack element and the concrete component are absorbed by a glass fiber armor fabric which is inserted between the boards of the wooden component and takes over the function of the composite webs.
  • a glass fiber armor fabric which is inserted between the boards of the wooden component and takes over the function of the composite webs.
  • the glass fiber armor fabric is fastened in a special lamella, an adhesive joint preferably being formed in this lamella in which the fabric is glued.
  • the wood-concrete composite element consists of two main components, namely a wooden component 2 and a concrete component 3.
  • the wooden component 2 comprises a plurality of boards 4, which are assembled in a board stack construction. Depending on the type of construction and the desired strength, two, three or more layers of board are connected to one another by nailing, screwing, gluing, dowelling or otherwise in the case of the board stack construction method, as a result of which wooden components of almost any expansion can be built up.
  • the wooden component 2 further comprises a plurality of composite boards 5 which are integrated in the lower area like the other boards 4 in the wooden component 2, but are wider than these other boards 4. Due to this construction, the wood-concrete composite element has a flat surface on a lower outside 6. On the upper inside of the wooden component 2, the composite boards 5 protrude beyond the other boards 4.
  • a composite surface 7 is defined between the upper inside of the boards 4 and the lower inside of the concrete component 3, along which one is perpendicular to the wood-concrete composite element acting force shear forces occur between the wooden component 2 and the concrete component 3.
  • the wood-concrete composite element 1 has a flat upper outside 8, which is formed by the concrete component 3.
  • the concrete component 3 consists essentially of a material adapted to the respective conditions of use, for example conventional concrete, asphalt concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated concrete or a material that is open to diffusion.
  • shear force anchors 10 are also arranged on the wood-concrete composite element 1, a large number of different structural variants of the shear force anchors being shown in FIG. 1.
  • shear force anchors 10 for the wood-concrete composite element, whereby several shear force anchors can be arranged along the wood-concrete composite element, preferably at the points of the highest shear force load, depending on the load situation.
  • a flat steel 10a can, for example, serve as a shear force anchor, which is hammered into grooves 11 which are formed in the sections of the composite boards 5 which protrude into the concrete component.
  • These grooves 11 can be produced, for example, by an oblique saw cut (for example at an angle of 80 ° to the composite surface 7).
  • the angle of these grooves is to be selected so that when a force acts on the wood-concrete composite element, the forces resulting on the flat steel 10a are at an angle to the groove such that the flat steel 10a is pressed against the wall of the grooves 11 and not out of it can slip out.
  • a round steel element 10b which runs in bores 12 in the composite boards 5, can also serve as the shear force anchor.
  • the bores 12 have a significantly larger diameter than the round steel element 10b.
  • the round steel element 10b is part of a reinforcement or reinforcement that extends essentially within the entire concrete component 3 (not shown). If, in order to create the concrete component 3, the concrete mass is applied to the composite surface 7 after the transverse force anchors have already been arranged in the wooden component 2, the concrete mass will fill the remaining free spaces between the round steel element 10b and the bores 12, so that a non-positive and positive connection is established becomes. In the same way, this also happens when other shear force anchors are used, provided that cavities remain between the composite boards 5 and the shear force anchors 10 in the region of the cutouts.
  • a third variant of the shear anchor is an angle profile 10c, the vertical leg of which has in turn been pressed into grooves 11. So that the angular profile 10c cannot slip out of the grooves 11 even under load, additional fastening elements 13 are provided with which the angular profile 10c is fastened directly to the composite boards 5. For example, screws can be used as fastening elements, which are screwed into the composite boards 5 through the cross leg of the angle profile 10c.
  • a T-profile 10d can also serve as the shear force anchor, which opens up the possibility of arranging several fastening elements.
  • Another embodiment of the shear anchor is a triangular profile 10e, which runs in a dovetail groove 14 in the composite boards 5.
  • the round steel 10b is used as a shear anchor, this round steel 10b being fitted into a hole milling groove, so that there is an interference fit between the round steel and the composite boards 5.
  • the shear anchor can also be formed directly by the material of the concrete component, in that no additional shear anchor elements are introduced into the holes 12 in the composite boards 5, so that the concrete can penetrate into these holes.
  • the side view of the wood-concrete composite element 1 shown in FIG. 2 clearly shows both the cross section of the different variants of the shear anchor 10 and the cross section of the respective recesses in the composite boards 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the wooden component 2, which is used for the construction of a wood-concrete composite element according to the invention.
  • the main difference from the embodiment described above is the design of the composite webs, which are arranged between the boards 4.
  • composite sheets 20 are inserted into the board stack forming the wooden component 2.
  • the composite sheets 20 are preferably thin steel sheets which have a thickness of about 0.5-2.5 mm and protrude beyond the boards 4 so that they extend into the concrete component when the wood-concrete composite element is finished.
  • the composite sheets 20 do not extend to the outside 6 of the wooden component 2, but only extend into the area of the nails (or screws) penetrating the boards 4.
  • the composite sheets 20 can have an angled region 21 on their upper edge, by means of which the introduction of force into the concrete component 3 is improved.
  • Bores 22 which are arranged in the composite sheets 20 can serve the same purpose. Additional shear force anchors can also be guided through these bores 22, as was described above in relation to the other embodiment. However, the use of composite sheets 20 is also possible without additional shear force anchors, since with a suitable choice of material a sufficiently stable connection between the composite sheets 20 and the wooden component 2 on the one hand and the composite sheets 20 and the concrete component 3 on the other hand is achieved.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a wall element 30 which comprises two wooden components 2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • the two wooden components 2 are directed towards each other with the respective inner sides, so that the respective outer sides 6 are directed, for example, towards the adjacent interior spaces of a building when the wall element 30 is used as an inner wall in a building.
  • the remaining space in which the composite sheets 20 extend is filled with concrete when the wood-concrete composite element is built up.
  • round steel elements 10b can be guided through the bores 22, provided the two wooden components have been aligned accordingly.
  • the wall element 30 thus has two wooden components 2 and a common concrete component 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows a sectional view from above of the wall element 30.
  • the wooden components 2 consist of rows of boards 4 and composite sheets 20 bound between them.
  • the nails with which the boards 4 are connected also penetrate the composite sheets 20 and thus fasten them in the wooden component.
  • thicker sheets it may be necessary to provide holes in the composite sheets through which the nails are guided. Normally, however, it is possible to drive the nails through the composite sheets 20 with conventional machines that are used to produce board stacking elements, so that there is also no increased adjustment effort.
  • composite sheets it is also possible, for example, to use metallic fabric mats, steel grids or composite webs made of plastics, each of which is fastened in a suitable manner in the wooden component.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified embodiment in which the composite webs are formed by a glass fiber armor fabric 40.
  • the glass fiber armor fabric 40 is in turn at different locations essentially over the entire length the wooden component 2 arranged. It is important that the connection between the fabric 40 and the wooden component 2 is sufficiently strong to absorb the forces that occur.
  • special slats 41 are integrated into the board stack element 2 between the individual boards 4.
  • Each special lamella 41 preferably has approximately the width of a board 4 and in turn consists of two thinner boards 42 and 43.
  • a glue joint 44 is provided in a thinner board 43, into which the armored fabric 40 is glued.
  • the other thinner board 42 is then attached, for example also by gluing, so that the tissue is also held in place by the clamping force.
  • the glass fiber armor fabric can be laid twice in the area of the glue joint.
  • the special lamella can be manufactured as a finished element in a separate manufacturing step and can be easily integrated into the board stack element when it is produced.
  • Cross ties can be threaded through the fabric in the manner described above if necessary, which enable an even stronger connection to the concrete component. Under normal circumstances, the resulting connection will also be sufficient without additional cross anchors, since the concrete penetrates between the individual fibers of the fabric and thus a very firm connection is established between the wooden component and the concrete component, the quality of which does not occur during drying out of the concrete due to shrinkage subsides.
  • a transverse reinforcement or reinforcement 45 can be inserted, which can also consist of a glass fiber armor fabric.
  • the wood-concrete composite element according to the invention can be used to produce prefabricated components which can be used as wall and / or ceiling components both indoors and outdoors.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

Several ribs (5) are inserted between the boards (4) in the wooden structural part (2) and extend over the total length of the boards (4) into the concrete part (3). Above the compound surface (7) are recesses (11,12,14,15). A number of cross force anchors (10) run crossways to the longitudinal direction of the compound ribs in the recesses and are enclosed by the concrete part. The cross force anchors and the connecting ribs form a union which can accommodate the forces acting vertically to the plane of the board stack component. The cross force anchors are metallic flat profiles (10a), angle profiles (10c,10d) or round bars (10b,10f), arranged in grooves (11) of the connecting ribs.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement aus einem Holzbauteil, welches aus einer Vielzahl von in Brettstapelbauweise zusammengefügten Brettern besteht, und einem Betonbauteil, wobei das Holzbauteil und das Betonbauteil entlang einer Verbundfläche aneinandergrenzen.The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite element consisting of a wooden component, which consists of a plurality of boards assembled in a stacked construction, and a concrete component, the wooden component and the concrete component adjoining one another along a composite surface.

Aus der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 195 13 729 ist ein Brettstapelelement bekannt, bei welchem eine Vielzahl von Brettern aneinandergereiht ist, wobei die Bretter kontinuierlich, vorzugsweise durch mehrschnittige Nagelung verbunden werden.From German published patent application DE 195 13 729 a board stacking element is known in which a multiplicity of boards are strung together, the boards being connected continuously, preferably by multi-cut nailing.

Holzbauteile die in Brettstapelbauweise hergestellt sind, werden beispielsweise als Wand- oder Deckenelemente eingesetzt. Solche Brettstapelelemente besitzten den Vorteil, daß ausgedehnte flächige Holzbauteile aus einer Vielzahl von Brettern zusammengesetzt werden können, wobei einerseits eine hohe Festigkeit des Holzbauteils erzielt wird und andererseits relativ geringe Herstellungskosten realisierbar sind. Bei der Brettstapelbauweise werden eine beliebige Zahl von Brettern beziehungsweise Kanthölzern direkt aneinandergereiht und miteinander vernagelt, verschraubt, verklebt, verdübelt oder anderweitig geeignet miteinander verbunden. Das dadurch hergestellte Holzbauteil besitzt eine Dicke, die der Breite der einzelnen Bretter entspricht, eine Längsausdehnung die der Länge der Bretter entspricht, und eine Querausdehnung, die sich aus der Anzahl der aneinandergereihten Bretter und deren Einzeldicke ergibt.Wooden components that are made in board stack construction are used for example as wall or ceiling elements. Such board stacking elements have the advantage that extensive flat wooden components can be assembled from a large number of boards, whereby on the one hand a high strength of the wooden component is achieved and on the other hand relatively low manufacturing costs can be realized. With the board stack construction method, any number of boards or squared timbers are directly strung together and nailed together, screwed, glued, dowelled or otherwise suitably connected to one another. The wooden component produced in this way has a thickness that corresponds to the width of the individual boards, a longitudinal extent that corresponds to the length of the boards, and a transverse extent that results from the number of rows of boards and their individual thickness.

Ein Nachteil solcher in Brettstapelbauweise gefertigter Holzbauteile besteht darin, daß mit diesen Bauteilen bestimmte bautechnische Anforderungen nicht erfüllt werden können. Beispielsweise lassen sich in Mehrfamilienhäusern geforderte Schallschutzwerte mit aus Holzbauteilen gefertigten Deckenelementen nicht oder nur mit unverhältnismäßig großem Aufwand erzielen. Ebenso können Brandschutzanforderungen in Mehrfamilienhäusern zumeist nicht mit den herkömmlichen Brettstapelelementen erfüllt werden. Bei bestimmten Bauwerken müssen auch einbruchshemmende Materailfestigkeiten nachgewiesen werden, die mit solchen Holzbauteilen nur schwer erzielbar sind.A disadvantage of such wooden components made in board stack construction is that certain structural requirements cannot be met with these components. For example, the sound insulation values required in multi-family houses cannot be achieved with ceiling elements made of wooden components, or only at a disproportionately high cost. Likewise, fire protection requirements in apartment buildings can usually not be met with the conventional board stacking elements. For certain structures, burglar-resistant material strengths must also be proven, which are difficult to achieve with such wooden components.

Holz-Beton-Verbundelemente sind aus dem Stand der Technik ebenfalls bekannt. Holz-Beton-Verbundelemente werden insbesondere im Bauwesen dort eingesetzt, wo die Vorteile des Bauwerkstoffes Holz mit den Vorteilen des Bauwerkstoffes Beton kombiniert werden sollen. Verschiedentlich werden daher Holz-Beton-Verbundelemente eingesetzt, bei denen die einzelnen Bauelemente neben dem Holzbauteil ein Betonbauteil aufweisen.Wood-concrete composite elements are also known from the prior art. Wood-concrete composite elements are used in particular in construction where the advantages of the building material wood are to be combined with the advantages of the building material concrete. Wood-concrete composite elements are therefore used differently, in which the individual components have a concrete component in addition to the wooden component.

Die WO 94/11589 zeigt eine Holz-Beton-Verbunddecke, bei welcher die Verbindung zwischen den Holzbalken und dem Beton durch Metallplatten hergestellt wird, welche im oberen Bereich der Holzbalken befestigt sind. Ein Brettstapelelement wird bei dieser Verbunddecke nicht eingesetzt. Die erzielbare Festigkeit dieser Verbundbauweise ist begrenzt. Außerdem ist die Montage der Verbundplatten, die nur manuell vor Ort vorgenommen werden kann, zeitaufwendig.WO 94/11589 shows a wood-concrete composite ceiling, in which the connection between the wooden beams and the concrete is made by metal plates which are fastened in the upper region of the wooden beams. A board stacking element is not used in this composite ceiling. The achievable strength of this composite construction is limited. In addition, the assembly of the composite panels, which can only be done manually on site, is time-consuming.

Aus der WO 96/25566 ist ebenfalls ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement bekannt. Hier werden zwischen einzelnen Brettern metallische Verbundelemente eingelassen, die sich in das Betonbauteil erstrecken. Brettstapelelemente kommen dabei nicht zur Anwendung. Die verwendeten Verbundanker können nur relativ geringe Querkräfte aufnehmen und ermöglichen keine vollbiologische Bauweise.A wood-concrete composite element is also known from WO 96/25566. Metallic composite elements are embedded between individual boards, which are embedded in the concrete component extend. Board stacking elements are not used. The composite anchors used can only absorb relatively low shear forces and do not allow a fully biological construction.

Ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement ist auch in

Figure imgb0001
Holz-Beton-Verbunddecke im Einsatz", G. E. Marchand, J. Natterer in Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt, Nr. 36, 8/96 S. 754 f. beschrieben und unter dem Systemnamen
Figure imgb0001
Hilti HBV" bekannt geworden. Um die Vorteile eines Holz-Beton-Verbundelements auszunutzen, muß sichergestellt sein, daß zwischen dem Holzbauteil und dem Betonbauteil eine dauerhafte, spielfreie Verbindung besteht, so daß sowohl Längs- als auch Querkräfte von dem Verbundelement aufgenommen werden können und dieses Verbundelement unter allen Belastungssituationen als statische Einheit anzusehen ist. Bei dem bekannten Holz-Beton-Verbundelement wird die Verbindung zwischen Holzbauteil und Betonbauteil durch in das Holzbauteil eingearbeitete Vertiefungen und zusätzliche Verankerungselemente hergestellt, die senkrecht zur Verbundfläche verlaufen und mit denen das Holzbauteil und das Betonbauteil gegeneinander verspannt werden. Ein Nachteil dieses bekannten Holz-Beton-Verbundelements besteht in der aufwendigen Fertigungstechnologie. Um einen belastbaren Verbund zwischen den Bauteilen herzustellen, wird bei dem Aufbau einer Deckenkonstruktion das Holzbauteil am gewünschten Ort montiert. Nachdem die Verbindungselemente im Holzbauteil befestigt wurden, wird Flüssigbeton auf das Holzbauteil aufgebracht, um das Betonbauteil auszubilden. Nunmehr muß die vollständige Aushärtung des Betons abgewartet werden (mindestens 4 Wochen), da es während des Trocknungsprozesses zu einem Materialschwund kommt. Nach dem vollständigen Aushärten des Betons müssen die Verbindungselemente einzeln nachgespannt werden, um dadurch eine kraft- und formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Holzbauteil und dem Betonbauteil herzustellen. Trotzdem ist es nicht ausgeschlossen, daß es später zu einem weiteren Materialschwund (beispielsweise auch beim Holzbauteil) kommen kann, wodurch sich die statischen Eigenschaften des Verbundelements verschlechtern, so daß die vorgesehenen Verbindungselemente auftretende Querkräfte nur schlecht aufnehmen können.A wood-concrete composite element is also in
Figure imgb0001
Wood-concrete composite ceiling in use ", GE Marchand, J. Natterer in Swiss engineer and architect, No. 36, 8/96 p. 754 f. And under the system name
Figure imgb0001
Hilti HBV ". In order to take advantage of a wood-concrete composite element, it must be ensured that there is a permanent, play-free connection between the wooden component and the concrete component, so that both longitudinal and transverse forces can be absorbed by the composite element and In the known wood-concrete composite element, the connection between the wooden component and the concrete component is made by means of recesses and additional anchoring elements which are incorporated in the wooden component and run perpendicular to the composite surface and with which the wooden component and the concrete component A disadvantage of this known wood-concrete composite element is the complex manufacturing technology, in order to create a resilient bond between the components, the wooden component is assembled at the desired location when building a ceiling structure After the fasteners have been attached to the wooden component, liquid concrete is applied to the wooden component to form the concrete component. Now the complete hardening of the concrete has to be waited for (at least 4 weeks), as there is a loss of material during the drying process. After the concrete has completely hardened, the connecting elements have to be re-tensioned individually in order to achieve a positive and positive fit Establish connection between the wooden component and the concrete component. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that further material shrinkage (for example also in the case of wooden components) may occur later, as a result of which the static properties of the composite element deteriorate, so that the connecting elements provided can only absorb transverse forces that occur with difficulty.

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht somit darin, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu vermeiden und ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei welchem eine dauerhafte Verbindung zwischen Holzbauteil und Betonbauteil besteht, die auch Querkräfte ohne weiteres aufnehmen kann. Außerdem soll das Fertigungsverfahren für ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement durch geeignete konstruktive Gestaltung vereinfacht werden.An object of the present invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a wood-concrete composite element in which there is a permanent connection between the wooden component and the concrete component, which can also easily absorb lateral forces. In addition, the manufacturing process for a wood-concrete composite element is to be simplified by suitable design.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das im Anspruch 1 angegebene Holz-Beton-Verbundelement gelöst. Bei der Herstellung des Holzbauteils können ohne weiteres die benötigten Verbundstege zwischen den Brettern eingesetzt werden und im normalen Arbeitsgang an diesen befestigt werden. Die Verbundstege besitzen eine größere Breite als die sonstigen Bretter des Holzbauteils, wobei das Übermaß später in das Betonbauteil hineinragt und dadurch die Verbindung zwischen Holzbauteil und Betonbauteil ermöglicht.This object is achieved by the wood-concrete composite element specified in claim 1. In the manufacture of the wooden component, the required composite webs can be inserted between the boards and attached to them in the normal process. The composite webs have a greater width than the other boards of the wooden component, the oversize later protruding into the concrete component, thereby enabling the connection between the wooden component and the concrete component.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Holz-Beton-Verbundelements zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Verbundstege Verbundbretter sind, deren Breite größer als die Breite der anderen Bretter ist, und daß Querkraftanker angeordnet sind, die quer zur Längsrichtung der Verbundstege oberhalb der Verbundfläche durch Aussparungen in den Verbundstegen verlaufen und vom Betonbauteil umfaßt sind. Diese Ausführungsform bietet den Vorteil, daß innerhalb des Holzbauteils keine Fremdmaterialien eingebunden werden müssen, womit die herkömmlichen Fertigungstechniken der Brettstapelbauweise weiterhin angewendet werden können. Es bereitet keine Schwierigkeiten, beispielsweise jedes vierte Brett des Holzbauteils mit einer größeren Breite zu versehen, um das gewünschte Übermaß gegenüber den sonstigen Brettern zu erlangen.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element according to the invention is characterized in that the composite webs are composite boards, the width of which is greater than the width of the other boards, and that shear force anchors are arranged which are transverse to the longitudinal direction of the composite webs above the composite surface by recesses in the Composite webs run and are encompassed by the concrete component. This embodiment offers the advantage that no foreign materials have to be integrated within the wooden component, with which the conventional manufacturing techniques of the board stack construction can continue to be used. It is no problem, for example, to provide every fourth board of the wooden component with a larger width in order to achieve the desired excess compared to the other boards.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform werden Verbundstege aus anderen Materialien, beispielsweise Verbundbleche genutzt, wobei die Dicke der Verbundbleche relativ klein sein kann, beispielsweise 0,5 bis 2,0 mm. Diese Verbundbleche können bei der Fertigung des Holzbauteils wiederum zwischen den Brettern angeordnet werden und in herkömmlicher Weise beispielsweise durch Nagelverbindungen mit den Brettern verbunden werden. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform besteht vor allen Dingen darin, daß besonders große Querkräfte aufgenommen werden können und je nach Anwendungsfall auch auf zusätzliche Querkraftanker verzichtet werden kann, da eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung unmittelbar zwischen den Verbundblechen und dem Betonbauteil zustande kommt. Es können aber anstelle der Verbundbleche z.B. auch Verbundstege aus Kunststoff, Stahlgitter oder Gewebematten eingesetzt werden. Es ist auch möglich, diese abgewandelten Verbundstege durch Kleben, Schrauben oder dgl. im Brettstapel zu befestigen.In another embodiment, composite webs made of other materials, for example composite sheets, are used, it being possible for the thickness of the composite sheets to be relatively small, for example 0.5 to 2.0 mm. These composite sheets can in turn be arranged between the boards during the manufacture of the wooden component and can be connected to the boards in a conventional manner, for example by nail connections. The advantage of this embodiment is, above all, that particularly large transverse forces can be absorbed and, depending on the application, additional transverse force anchors can be dispensed with, since a non-positive connection is established directly between the composite sheets and the concrete component. However, instead of the composite sheets, e.g. composite webs made of plastic, steel mesh or fabric mats can also be used. It is also possible to fix these modified composite webs in the board stack by gluing, screwing or the like.

Bei einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform sind weiterhin Querkraftanker vorgesehen, die wiederum quer zur Längsrichtung der Verbundbleche oberhalb der Verbundbleche durch Aussparungen in den Verbundblechen verlaufen und vom Betonbauteil umfaßt sind. Diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht den Aufbau von Holz-Beton-Verbundelementen, die besonders hohe Querkräfte aufnehmen können. Außerdem ist die Brandfestigkeit gegenüber anderen Ausführungsformen höher.In a modified embodiment, shear force anchors are also provided, which in turn run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the composite sheets above the composite sheets through recesses in the composite sheets and are encompassed by the concrete component. This configuration enables the construction of Wood-concrete composite elements that can absorb particularly high lateral forces. In addition, the fire resistance is higher compared to other embodiments.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform, die als Verbundstege Verbundbretter verwendet, bestehen die Querkraftanker aus metallischen Flachprofilen, insbesondere Flachbandstahl, die in Nuten der Verbundbretter angeordnet sind, wobei diese Nuten in einem spitzen Winkel zur Verbundfläche in die über die Verbundfläche überstehenden Abschnitte der Verbundbretter eingebracht sind. Die Nuten lassen sich beispielsweise durch einen einfachen Sägevorgang in die Verbundbretter einbringen. Das Flachprofil wird in diesen Sägeschlitz unter Ausbildung einer Preßpassung eingeschlagen. Diese sehr einfache Form des Querkraftankers kann die zwischen dem Holzbauteil und dem Betonbauteil bei Biegebeanspruchung auftretende Querkräfte bereits gut aufnehmen, da aufgrund der Schräglage des Querkraftankers nicht die Gefahr besteht, daß dieser aus den Nuten der Verbundbretter herausgerissen wird. Der genaue Winkel, in welchem die Nuten anzubringen sind, ist abhängig von den verwendeten Materialien für die Verbundstege und die Querkraftanker und von den aufzunehmenden Belastungen.In an advantageous embodiment, which uses composite boards as composite webs, the transverse force anchors consist of metallic flat profiles, in particular flat strip steel, which are arranged in grooves of the composite boards, these grooves being introduced at an acute angle to the composite surface in the sections of the composite boards projecting beyond the composite surface. The grooves can be made in the composite boards by a simple sawing process, for example. The flat profile is hammered into this saw slot to form an interference fit. This very simple form of the shear anchor can already absorb the shear forces occurring between the wooden component and the concrete component under bending stress, since due to the inclined position of the shear anchor there is no danger that it will be torn out of the grooves of the composite boards. The exact angle at which the grooves are to be made depends on the materials used for the composite webs and the shear force anchors and on the loads to be absorbed.

Es sind auch andere Ausführungsformen möglich, bei denen abgewandelte Querkraftanker zum Einsatz kommen. Beispielsweise kann es vorteilhaft sein, die Querkraftanker mit zusätzlichen Befestigungselementen an den Verbundstegen zu befestigen.Other embodiments are also possible in which modified shear force anchors are used. For example, it can be advantageous to attach the shear force anchors to the composite webs with additional fastening elements.

Es ist bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform zweckmäßig, wenn die Querkraftanker Rundstäbe sind, die sich durch Bohrungen in den Verbundstegen erstrecken. Dabei ist es möglich, daß diese Rundstäbe lose in den Aussparungen der Verbundstege eingefügt sind und die erforderliche Kraftschlüssigkeit erst durch den bei der weiteren Herstellung in die Aussparungen eindringenden Beton hergestellt wird. Es kann aber auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Rundstäbe kraftschlüssig in die Aussparungen eingepreßt sind, wobei sowohl Rundstäbe aus Stahl als auch aus Holz eingesetzt werden können. Die spezielle Auswahl des Querkraftankers und seine Dimensionierung sind abgängig von den aufzunehmenden Kräften.In a further embodiment it is expedient if the shear force anchors are round bars which extend through bores in the composite webs. It is possible that these round bars are loose in the recesses of the composite webs are inserted and the required force fit is only produced by the concrete penetrating into the recesses during further production. However, it can also be advantageous if the round bars are pressed into the recesses in a force-fitting manner, wherein both steel and wooden round bars can be used. The special selection of the shear anchor and its dimensioning depend on the forces to be absorbed.

Bei einer nochmals abgewandelten Ausführungsform werden die Querkraftanker durch Bereiche des Betonbauteils gebildet, wobei sich der Beton in die Aussparungen in den Verbundstegen erstreckt und dadurch die Querkraftanker ausbildet. Auf diese Weise ist eine vereinfachte Herstellung möglich, da zusätzliche Querkraftanker nicht angebracht werden müssen. Außerdem kann es für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle vorteilhaft sein, wenn das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement ohne zusätzliche metallische Verbindungselemente hergestellt werden kann.In a further modified embodiment, the shear force anchors are formed by areas of the concrete component, the concrete extending into the recesses in the composite webs and thereby forming the shear force anchors. In this way, simplified production is possible since additional shear force anchors do not have to be attached. In addition, it can be advantageous for certain applications if the wood-concrete composite element can be produced without additional metallic connecting elements.

Für hohe statische Anforderungen, insbesondere in Deckenbereich ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement derart ausgebildet ist, daß das Betonbauteil eine Stahlarmierung bzw. -bewehrung besitzt. Es ist auch möglich, daß die Querkraftanker Bestandteil dieser Stahlarmierung sind.For high static requirements, especially in the ceiling area, it is expedient if the wood-concrete composite element is designed in such a way that the concrete component has steel reinforcement or reinforcement. It is also possible that the shear anchors are part of this steel reinforcement.

Bei abgewandelten Ausführungsformen besteht das Betonbauteil im wesentlichen aus einem diffusionsoffenen Material, welches eine gute Wasserdampfdiffusion ermöglicht. Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn das Betonbauteil weitgehend aus Leichtbeton, Porenbeton oder anderen geeigneten Materialien, die die gewünschten Eigenschaften zur Verfügung stellen, besteht.In modified embodiments, the concrete component consists essentially of a material that is open to diffusion, which enables good water vapor diffusion. It can also be advantageous if the concrete component consists largely of lightweight concrete, aerated concrete or other suitable materials that provide the desired properties.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird auch durch das im Anspruch 4 angegebene Holz-Beton-Verbundelement gelöst, welches sich gegenüber der Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 1 dadurch unterscheidet, daß die Kräfte zwischen Brettstapelelement und Betonbauteil von einem Glasfaserpanzergewebe aufgenommen werden, welches zwischen die Bretter des Holzbauteils eingefügt ist und die Funktion der Verbundstege übernimmt. Dies ist vorteilhaft, wenn keine metallischen Materialien als Verbundstege eingesetzt werden sollen und trotzdem sehr hohe Festigkeiten angestrebt werden.The object of the invention is also achieved by the wood-concrete composite element specified in claim 4, which differs from the embodiment according to claim 1 in that the forces between the board stack element and the concrete component are absorbed by a glass fiber armor fabric which is inserted between the boards of the wooden component and takes over the function of the composite webs. This is advantageous if no metallic materials are to be used as composite webs and nevertheless very high strengths are desired.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das Glasfaserpanzergewebe in einer Speziallamelle befestigt ist, wobei vorzugsweise in dieser Lamelle eine Klebefuge ausgebildet wird, in welcher das Gewebe eingeklebt ist.It is particularly advantageous if the glass fiber armor fabric is fastened in a special lamella, an adhesive joint preferably being formed in this lamella in which the fabric is glued.

Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen, unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Holz-Beton-Verbundelements zur Verwendung als Deckenelement mit verschiedenen Querkraftankern;
Fig. 2
das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement aus Fig. 1 in einer Seitenansicht;
Fig. 3.
ein Holzbauteil einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements mit eingesetzten Verbundblechen in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;
Fig. 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Wandelements, das unter Verwendung von Holz-Beton-Verbundelementen aufgebaut ist;
Fig. 5
in einer Schnittansicht von oben das in Fig. 4 gezeigte Wandelement;
Fig. 6
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Holz-Beton-Verbundelements mit einem Glasfaserpanzergewebe.
Further advantages, details and developments of the present invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments, with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a wood-concrete composite element for use as a ceiling element with various shear anchors;
Fig. 2
the wood-concrete composite element of Figure 1 in a side view.
Fig. 3.
a wooden component of a second embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element with inserted composite sheets in a perspective view;
Fig. 4
a perspective view of a wall element which is constructed using wood-concrete composite elements;
Fig. 5
in a sectional view from above the wall element shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6
a perspective view of a wood-concrete composite element with a glass fiber armor fabric.

In Fig. 1 ist in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement 1 gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform dargestellt. Das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement besteht aus zwei Hauptbestandteilen, nämlich einem Holzbauteil 2 und einem Betonbauteil 3. Das Holzbauteil 2 umfaßt eine Vielzahl von Brettern 4, die in Brettstapelbauweise zusammengesetzt sind. Je nach Bauweise und gewünschter Festigkeit werden bei der Brettstapelbauweise zwei, drei oder mehrere Brettschichten durch Vernageln, Verschrauben, Verkleben, Verdübeln oder anderweitig miteinander verbunden, wodurch Holzbauteile nahezu beliebiger Ausdehnung aufbaubar sind. Das Holzbauteil 2 umfaßt weiterhin mehrere Verbundbretter 5, die in ihrem unteren Bereich wie die sonstigen Bretter 4 in das Holzbauteil 2 integriert sind, jedoch breiter als diese sonstigen Bretter 4 sind. An einer unteren Außenseite 6 weist das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement durch diesen Aufbau eine ebene Fläche auf. An der oberen Innenseite des Holzbauteils 2 ragen die Verbundbretter 5 über die sonstigen Bretter 4 hinaus. 1 shows a wood-concrete composite element 1 according to a first embodiment in a perspective view. The wood-concrete composite element consists of two main components, namely a wooden component 2 and a concrete component 3. The wooden component 2 comprises a plurality of boards 4, which are assembled in a board stack construction. Depending on the type of construction and the desired strength, two, three or more layers of board are connected to one another by nailing, screwing, gluing, dowelling or otherwise in the case of the board stack construction method, as a result of which wooden components of almost any expansion can be built up. The wooden component 2 further comprises a plurality of composite boards 5 which are integrated in the lower area like the other boards 4 in the wooden component 2, but are wider than these other boards 4. Due to this construction, the wood-concrete composite element has a flat surface on a lower outside 6. On the upper inside of the wooden component 2, the composite boards 5 protrude beyond the other boards 4.

Zwischen der oberen Innenseite der Bretter 4 und der unteren Innenseite des Betonbauteils 3 wird eine Verbundfläche 7 definiert, entlang derer bei einer senkrecht zum Holz-Beton-Verbundelement wirkenden Kraft Scherkräfte zwischen dem Holzbauteil 2 und dem Betonbauteil 3 auftreten. Nach seiner Fertigstellung weist das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement 1 eine ebene obere Außenseite 8 auf, die durch das Betonbauteil 3 gebildet wird.A composite surface 7 is defined between the upper inside of the boards 4 and the lower inside of the concrete component 3, along which one is perpendicular to the wood-concrete composite element acting force shear forces occur between the wooden component 2 and the concrete component 3. After its completion, the wood-concrete composite element 1 has a flat upper outside 8, which is formed by the concrete component 3.

Das Betonbauteil 3 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem an die jeweiligen Einsatzbedingungen angepaßten Material, beispielsweise herkömmlichem Beton, Asphaltbeton, Leichtbeton, Porenbeton oder einem diffusionsoffenen Material.The concrete component 3 consists essentially of a material adapted to the respective conditions of use, for example conventional concrete, asphalt concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated concrete or a material that is open to diffusion.

Im dargestellten Beispiel sind an dem Holz-Beton-Verbundelement 1 weiterhin Querkraftanker 10 angeordnet, wobei eine Vielzahl verschiedener Bauvarianten der Querkraftanker in der Fig. 1 dargestellt ist. Im praktischen Einsatzfall wird es zweckmäßig sein, für das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement gleichartige Querkraftanker zu verwenden, wobei je nach Belastungssituation mehrere Querkraftanker entlang des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements angeordnet werden können, vorzugsweise an den Punkten der höchsten Querkraftbelastung. Als Querkraftanker kann beispielsweise ein Flachstahl 10a dienen, welcher in Nuten 11 eingeschlagen ist, die in den Abschnitten der Verbundbretter 5 ausgebildet sind, welche in das Betonbauteil hineinragen. Diese Nuten 11 können zum Beispiel durch einen schrägen Sägeschnitt (beispielsweise in einem Winkel von 80° zur Verbundfläche 7) hergestellt werden. Der Winkel dieser Nuten ist so zu wählen, daß bei einer Krafteinwirkung auf das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement die am Flachstahl 10a resultierenden Kräfte in einem derartigen Winkel zur Nut stehen, daß der Flachstahl 10a gegen die Wandung der Nuten 11 gepreßt wird und nicht aus dieser herausrutschen kann.In the example shown, shear force anchors 10 are also arranged on the wood-concrete composite element 1, a large number of different structural variants of the shear force anchors being shown in FIG. 1. In practical use, it will be expedient to use similar shear force anchors for the wood-concrete composite element, whereby several shear force anchors can be arranged along the wood-concrete composite element, preferably at the points of the highest shear force load, depending on the load situation. A flat steel 10a can, for example, serve as a shear force anchor, which is hammered into grooves 11 which are formed in the sections of the composite boards 5 which protrude into the concrete component. These grooves 11 can be produced, for example, by an oblique saw cut (for example at an angle of 80 ° to the composite surface 7). The angle of these grooves is to be selected so that when a force acts on the wood-concrete composite element, the forces resulting on the flat steel 10a are at an angle to the groove such that the flat steel 10a is pressed against the wall of the grooves 11 and not out of it can slip out.

Als Querkraftanker kann auch ein Rundstahlelement 10b dienen, welches in Bohrungen 12 in den Verbundbrettern 5 verläuft. Die Bohrungen 12 weisen einen deutlich größeren Durchmesser als das Rundstahlelement 10b auf. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das Rundstahlelement 10b Teil einer Bewehrung bzw. Armierung ist, die sich im wesentlichen innerhalb des gesamten Betonbauteils 3 erstreckt (nicht gezeigt). Wenn zur Erstellung des Betonbauteils 3 die Betonmasse auf die Verbundfläche 7 aufgebracht wird, nachdem die Querkraftanker bereits im Holzbauteil 2 angeordnet sind, wird die Betonmasse die verbleibenden Freiräume zwischen dem Rundstahlelement 10b und den Bohrungen 12 ausfüllen, so daß eine kraft- und formschlüssige Verbindung hergestellt wird. In gleicher Weise geschieht dies auch bei der Verwendung anderer Querkraftanker, sofern zwischen den Verbundbrettern 5 und den Querkraftankern 10 im Bereich der Aussparungen Hohlräume verbleiben.A round steel element 10b, which runs in bores 12 in the composite boards 5, can also serve as the shear force anchor. The bores 12 have a significantly larger diameter than the round steel element 10b. In this embodiment, it is expedient if the round steel element 10b is part of a reinforcement or reinforcement that extends essentially within the entire concrete component 3 (not shown). If, in order to create the concrete component 3, the concrete mass is applied to the composite surface 7 after the transverse force anchors have already been arranged in the wooden component 2, the concrete mass will fill the remaining free spaces between the round steel element 10b and the bores 12, so that a non-positive and positive connection is established becomes. In the same way, this also happens when other shear force anchors are used, provided that cavities remain between the composite boards 5 and the shear force anchors 10 in the region of the cutouts.

Eine dritte Variante des Querkraftankers ist ein Winkelprofil 10c, dessen senkrechter Schenkel wiederum in Nuten 11 eingepreßt wurde. Damit das Winkelprofil 10c auch im Belastungsfall nicht aus den Nuten 11 herausrutschen kann, sind zusätzliche Befestigungselemente 13 vorgesehen, mit denen das Winkelprofil 10c unmittelbar an den Verbundbrettern 5 befestigt wird. Beispielsweise können als Befestigungselemente Schrauben dienen, die durch den Querschenkel des Winkelprofils 10c in die Verbundbretter 5 eingeschraubt werden.A third variant of the shear anchor is an angle profile 10c, the vertical leg of which has in turn been pressed into grooves 11. So that the angular profile 10c cannot slip out of the grooves 11 even under load, additional fastening elements 13 are provided with which the angular profile 10c is fastened directly to the composite boards 5. For example, screws can be used as fastening elements, which are screwed into the composite boards 5 through the cross leg of the angle profile 10c.

Sofern es die zu erwartenden Belastungssituationen erfordern, kann als Querkraftanker auch ein T-Profil 10d dienen, was die Möglichkeit der Anordnung mehrerer Befestigungselemente eröffnet. Eine weitere Ausführungsform des Querkraftankers ist ein Dreikantprofil 10e, welches in einer Schwalbenschwanzfräsnut 14 in den Verbundbrettern 5 verläuft.If the expected load situations require it, a T-profile 10d can also serve as the shear force anchor, which opens up the possibility of arranging several fastening elements. Another embodiment of the shear anchor is a triangular profile 10e, which runs in a dovetail groove 14 in the composite boards 5.

Bei einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform wird der Rundstahl 10b als Querkraftanker verwendet, wobei dieser Rundstahl 10b in eine Lochfräsnut eingepaßt wird, so daß eine Preßpassung zwischen dem Rundstahl und den Verbundbrettern 5 besteht.In a modified embodiment, the round steel 10b is used as a shear anchor, this round steel 10b being fitted into a hole milling groove, so that there is an interference fit between the round steel and the composite boards 5.

Wie ebenfalls in Fig. 1 beispielhaft dargestellt ist, kann der Querkraftanker auch direkt durch das Material des Betonbauteils ausgebildet werden, indem in die Bohrungen 12 in den Verbundbrettern 5 keine zusätzlichen Querkraftankerelemlente eingebracht werden, so daß in diese Bohrungen der Beton eindringen kann.As is also shown by way of example in FIG. 1, the shear anchor can also be formed directly by the material of the concrete component, in that no additional shear anchor elements are introduced into the holes 12 in the composite boards 5, so that the concrete can penetrate into these holes.

Schließlich ist es auch möglich, Stabdübel 10f in die Verbundbretter 5 einzuschlagen, die dann als Querkraftanker dienen. Diese Stabdübel können beispielsweise aus Metall oder Hartholz bestehen. Es sind weitere Formen von Querkraftankern denkbar, wobei gewährleistet sein muß, daß die zwischen dem Holzbauteil 2 und dem Betonbauteil 3 auftretenden Querkräfte durch diese Querkraftanker aufgenommen und in die Verbundbretter 5 eingeleitet werden können.Finally, it is also possible to drive rod dowels 10f into the composite boards 5, which then serve as shear force anchors. These dowels can be made of metal or hardwood, for example. Other forms of shear force anchors are conceivable, it being necessary to ensure that the shear forces occurring between the wooden component 2 and the concrete component 3 can be absorbed by these shear force anchors and introduced into the composite boards 5.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Seitenansicht des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements 1 läßt sowohl den Querschnitt der verschiedenen Varianten des Querkraftankers 10 als auch den Querschnitt der jeweiligen Aussparungen in den Verbundbrettern 5 gut erkennen.The side view of the wood-concrete composite element 1 shown in FIG. 2 clearly shows both the cross section of the different variants of the shear anchor 10 and the cross section of the respective recesses in the composite boards 5.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Holzbauteils 2, welches zum Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Holz-Beton-Verbundelements eingesetzt wird. Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the wooden component 2, which is used for the construction of a wood-concrete composite element according to the invention.

Der wesentliche Unterschied zur oben beschriebenen Ausführungsform besteht in der Gestaltung der Verbundstege, die zwischen den Brettern 4 angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform werden keine Verbundbretter verwendet sondern anstelle dessen Verbundbleche 20 in den das Holzbauteil 2 bildenden Brettstapel eingefügt. Bei den Verbundblechen 20 handelt es sich vorzugsweise um dünne Stahlbleche, die eine Dicke von etwa 0,5 - 2,5 mm besitzen und über die Bretter 4 hinausragen, so daß sie sich beim fertiggestellten Holz-Beton-Verbundelement in das Betonbauteil erstrecken. Aus optischen Gründen kann es zweckmäßig sein, daß die Verbundbleche 20 nicht bis an die Außenseite 6 des Holzbauteils 2 reichen, sondern sich nur bis in den Bereich der die Bretter 4 durchdringenden Nägel (bzw. Schrauben) erstrecken. Die Verbundbleche 20 können an ihrer Oberkante einen abgewinkelten Bereich 21 aufweisen, durch welchen die Krafteinleitung in das Betonbauteil 3 verbessert wird. Dem gleichen Zweck können Bohrungen 22 dienen, die in den Verbundblechen 20 angeordnet sind. Durch diese Bohrungen 22 können aber auch zusätzliche Querkraftanker geführt werden, wie dies oben in Bezug zur anderen Ausführungsform beschrieben wurde. Die Verwendung von Verbundblechen 20 ist aber auch ohne zusätzliche Querkraftanker möglich, da bei geeigneter Materialauswahl eine ausreichend stabile Verbindung zwischen Verbundblechen 20 und Holzbauteil 2 einerseits und den Verbundblechen 20 und dem Betonbauteil 3 andererseits erzielt wird.The main difference from the embodiment described above is the design of the composite webs, which are arranged between the boards 4. In this embodiment, no composite boards are used, but instead composite sheets 20 are inserted into the board stack forming the wooden component 2. The composite sheets 20 are preferably thin steel sheets which have a thickness of about 0.5-2.5 mm and protrude beyond the boards 4 so that they extend into the concrete component when the wood-concrete composite element is finished. For optical reasons, it may be appropriate that the composite sheets 20 do not extend to the outside 6 of the wooden component 2, but only extend into the area of the nails (or screws) penetrating the boards 4. The composite sheets 20 can have an angled region 21 on their upper edge, by means of which the introduction of force into the concrete component 3 is improved. Bores 22 which are arranged in the composite sheets 20 can serve the same purpose. Additional shear force anchors can also be guided through these bores 22, as was described above in relation to the other embodiment. However, the use of composite sheets 20 is also possible without additional shear force anchors, since with a suitable choice of material a sufficiently stable connection between the composite sheets 20 and the wooden component 2 on the one hand and the composite sheets 20 and the concrete component 3 on the other hand is achieved.

In Fig. 4 ist in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein Wandelement 30 gezeigt, welches zwei Holzbauteile 2 in der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform umfaßt. Die beiden Holzbauteile 2 sind mit den jeweiligen Innenseiten zueinander gerichtet, so daß die jeweiligen Außenseiten 6 beispielsweise zu den angrenzenden Innenräumen eines Bauwerkes gerichtet sind, wenn das Wandelement 30 als Innenwand in einem Bauwerk verwendet wird. Der verbleibende Zwischenraum, in dem sich die Verbundbleche 20 erstrecken, wird beim Aufbau des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements mit Beton aufgefüllt. Zur Stabilitätserhöhung und auch zur Fixierung der Holzbauteile 2 während der Trocknungsphase des Betons können durch die Bohrungen 22 Rundstahlelemente 10b geführt werden, sofern die beiden Holzbauteile entsprechend ausgerichtet wurden. Damit besitzt das Wandelement 30 zwei Holzbauteile 2 und ein gemeinsames Betonbauteil 3. 4 shows a perspective view of a wall element 30 which comprises two wooden components 2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. The two wooden components 2 are directed towards each other with the respective inner sides, so that the respective outer sides 6 are directed, for example, towards the adjacent interior spaces of a building when the wall element 30 is used as an inner wall in a building. The remaining space in which the composite sheets 20 extend is filled with concrete when the wood-concrete composite element is built up. To increase the stability and also to fix the wooden components 2 during the drying phase of the concrete, round steel elements 10b can be guided through the bores 22, provided the two wooden components have been aligned accordingly. The wall element 30 thus has two wooden components 2 and a common concrete component 3.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Schnittansicht von oben des Wandelements 30. In dieser Ansicht ist gut erkennbar, daß die Holzbauteile 2 aus aneinandergereihten Brettern 4 und zwischen diesen eingebundenen Verbundblechen 20 bestehen. Die Nägel, mit denen die Bretter 4 verbunden sind, durchdringen auch die Verbundbleche 20 und befestigen diese somit im Holzbauteil. Bei der Verwendung dickerer Bleche kann es erforderlich sein, in den Verbundblechen Bohrungen vorzusehen, durch welche die Nägel geführt werden. Normalerweise ist es jedoch möglich, mit herkömmlichen Maschinen, die zur Herstellung von Brettstapelelementen eingesetzt werden, die Nägel auch durch die Verbundbleche 20 zu treiben, so daß auch kein erhöhter Justageaufwand anfällt. Fig. 5 shows a sectional view from above of the wall element 30. In this view it can be clearly seen that the wooden components 2 consist of rows of boards 4 and composite sheets 20 bound between them. The nails with which the boards 4 are connected also penetrate the composite sheets 20 and thus fasten them in the wooden component. When using thicker sheets, it may be necessary to provide holes in the composite sheets through which the nails are guided. Normally, however, it is possible to drive the nails through the composite sheets 20 with conventional machines that are used to produce board stacking elements, so that there is also no increased adjustment effort.

Anstelle der Verbundbleche können beispielsweise auch metallische Gewebematten, Stahlgitter oder Verbundstege aus Kunststoffen eingesetzt werden, die jeweils auf geeignete Weise im Holzbauteil befestigt sind.Instead of the composite sheets, it is also possible, for example, to use metallic fabric mats, steel grids or composite webs made of plastics, each of which is fastened in a suitable manner in the wooden component.

So ist in Fig. 6 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform gezeigt, bei welcher die Verbundstege durch ein Glasfaserpanzergewebe 40 gebildet ist. Das Glasfaserpanzergewebe 40 ist wiederum an verschiedenen Stellen im wesentlichen über die gesamte Länge des Holzbauteils 2 angeordnet. Es kommt dabei darauf an, daß die Verbindung zwischen dem Gewebe 40 und dem Holzbauteil 2 ausreichend fest ist, um die auftretenden Kräfte aufzunehmen. Im dargestellten Beispiel sind dazu Speziallamellen 41 in das Brettstapelelement 2 zwischen die einzelnen Bretter 4 integriert. Jede Speziallamelle 41 hat vorzugsweise in etwa die Breite eines Bretts 4 und besteht ihrerseits aus zwei dünneren Brettern 42 und 43. Zur Befestigung des Gewebes ist in einem dünneren Brett 43 eine Leimfuge 44 vorgesehen, in welche das Panzergewebe 40 eingeklebt wird. Das andere dünnere Brett 42 wird dann, z.B. ebenfalls durch Verleimen, befestigt, so daß das Gewebe auch durch die Klemmkraft festgehalten wird. Bei Bedarf kann das Glasfaserpanzergewebe im Bereich der Leimfuge doppelt gelegt werden. Die Speziallamelle kann in einem separaten Fertigungsschritt als fertiges Element herbestellt werden und bei der Erzeugung des Brettstapelelements ohne weiteres in dieses integriert werden. Durch das Gewebe können in der oben beschriebenen Weise bei Bedarf Queranker gefädelt sein, die eine noch festere Verbindung zum Betonbauteil ermöglichen. Unter normalen Umständen wird die sich ergebende Verbindung aber auch ohne weitere Queranker ausreichend sein, da der Beton zwischen die einzelnen Fasern des Gewebes eindringt und damit eine sehr feste Verbindung zwischen Holzbauteil und Betonbauteil zustande kommt, deren Qualität nicht während der Austrocknung des Betons aufgrund von Schwund nachläßt. 6 shows a modified embodiment in which the composite webs are formed by a glass fiber armor fabric 40. The glass fiber armor fabric 40 is in turn at different locations essentially over the entire length the wooden component 2 arranged. It is important that the connection between the fabric 40 and the wooden component 2 is sufficiently strong to absorb the forces that occur. In the example shown, special slats 41 are integrated into the board stack element 2 between the individual boards 4. Each special lamella 41 preferably has approximately the width of a board 4 and in turn consists of two thinner boards 42 and 43. To fasten the fabric, a glue joint 44 is provided in a thinner board 43, into which the armored fabric 40 is glued. The other thinner board 42 is then attached, for example also by gluing, so that the tissue is also held in place by the clamping force. If necessary, the glass fiber armor fabric can be laid twice in the area of the glue joint. The special lamella can be manufactured as a finished element in a separate manufacturing step and can be easily integrated into the board stack element when it is produced. Cross ties can be threaded through the fabric in the manner described above if necessary, which enable an even stronger connection to the concrete component. Under normal circumstances, the resulting connection will also be sufficient without additional cross anchors, since the concrete penetrates between the individual fibers of the fabric and thus a very firm connection is established between the wooden component and the concrete component, the quality of which does not occur during drying out of the concrete due to shrinkage subsides.

In Fig. 6 ist außerdem sichtbar, daß im Betonteil 3 eine Querbewehrung oder Armierung 45 eingefügt seion kann, die auch aus einem Glasfaserpanzergewebe bestehen kann.In Fig. 6 it is also visible that in the concrete part 3, a transverse reinforcement or reinforcement 45 can be inserted, which can also consist of a glass fiber armor fabric.

Mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Wandelement können hohe Anforderungen an die Statik, den Brandschutz, die Schall- und Wärmedämmung und das Aussehen der Bauelemente erfüllt werden.With a wall element according to the invention, high demands on statics, fire protection, sound and heat insulation and the appearance of the components can be met.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Holz-Beton-Verbundelement lassen sich Fertigbauteile erzeugen, die als Wand- und/oder Deckenbauteile sowohl im Innen- als auch im Außenbereich einsetzbar sind.The wood-concrete composite element according to the invention can be used to produce prefabricated components which can be used as wall and / or ceiling components both indoors and outdoors.

Claims (11)

Holz-Beton-Verbundelement (1) bestehend aus ◆ einem Holzbauteil (2), welches aus einer Vielzahl von in Brettstapelbauweise zusammengefügten Brettern (4) oder Kanthölzern zusammengesetzt ist; ◆ einem Betonbauteil (3), welches entlang einer Verbundfläche (7) an das Holzbauteil angrenzt; ◆ mehreren Verbundstegen (5, 20), die zwischen den Brettern (4) bzw. Kanthölzern in das Holzbauteil (2) eingefügt sind, sich im wesentlichen entlang der gesamten Länge der Bretter (4) über die Verbundfläche (7) hinaus in das Betonbauteil (3) erstrecken und oberhalb der Verbundfläche (7) Aussparungen (11, 12, 14, 15) besitzen; und ◆ einer Vielzahl von Querkraftankern (10), die quer zur Längsrichtung der Verbundstege (5, 20) in den Aussparungen verlaufen und vom Betonbauteil (3) umfaßt sind, wobei die Querkraftanker mit den Verbindungsstegen eine Verbindung eingehen, die senkrecht zur Ebene des Brettstapelelements wirkende Kräfte aufnehmen kann. Wood-concrete composite element (1) consisting of ◆ a wooden component (2), which is composed of a large number of boards (4) or squared timber joined together in a board stack construction method; ◆ a concrete component (3) which adjoins the wooden component along a composite surface (7); ◆ several composite webs (5, 20), which are inserted between the boards (4) or squared timbers in the wooden component (2), essentially along the entire length of the boards (4) beyond the composite surface (7) into the concrete component (3) extend and have recesses (11, 12, 14, 15) above the composite surface (7); and ◆ a plurality of shear force anchors (10) which run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the composite webs (5, 20) in the recesses and are encompassed by the concrete component (3), the shear force anchors forming a connection with the connecting webs which acts perpendicular to the plane of the board stacking element Can absorb forces. Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbundstege Verbundbretter (5) sind, deren Breite größer als die Breite der anderen Bretter (4) ist.Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite webs are composite boards (5) whose width is greater than the width of the other boards (4). Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbundstege Verbundbleche (20) sind, deren Dicke wesentlich geringer als die Dicke der Bretter (4) ist.Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite webs are composite sheets (20), the thickness of which is substantially less than the thickness of the boards (4). Holz-Beton-Verbundelement (1) bestehend aus ◆ einem Holzbauteil (2), welches aus einer Vielzahl von in Brettstapelbauweise zusammengefügten Brettern (4) oder Kanthölzern zusammengesetzt ist; ◆ einen Betonbauteil (3), welches entlang einer Verbundfläche (7) an das Holzbauteil angrenzt; und ◆ mehreren Verbundstegen (5, 20) aus Glasfaserpanzergewebe, die zwischen den Brettern (4) bzw. Kanthölzern in das Holzbauteil (2) eingefügt sind und sich im wesentlichen entlang der gesamten Länge der Bretter (4) über die Verbundfläche (7) hinaus in das Betonbauteil (3) erstrecken. Wood-concrete composite element (1) consisting of ◆ a wooden component (2), which is composed of a large number of boards (4) or squared timber joined together in a board stack construction method; ◆ a concrete component (3) which adjoins the wooden component along a composite surface (7); and ◆ several composite webs (5, 20) made of glass fiber armor fabric, which are inserted between the boards (4) or squared timbers into the wooden component (2) and extend essentially along the entire length of the boards (4) beyond the composite surface (7) extend the concrete component (3). Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Glasfaserpanzergewebe in eine Speziallamelle eingefügt ist, die eine Fuge aufweist, in welcher das Glasfaserpanzergewebe befestigt ist, und die zwischen die Brettern eingefügt ist.Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 4, characterized in that the glass fiber armor fabric is inserted into a special lamella which has a joint in which the glass fiber armor fabric is fastened and which is inserted between the boards. Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Glasfaserpanzergewebe in der Fuge eingeklebt ist.Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 5, characterized in that the glass fiber armor fabric is glued in the joint. Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer Vielzahl von Querkraftankern (10) vorgesehen sind, die quer zur Längsrichtung der Verbundstege (5, 20) durch das Glasfaserpanzergewebe verlaufen und vom Betonbauteil (3) umfaßt sind.Wood-concrete composite element according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a plurality of transverse force anchors (10) are provided which run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the composite webs (5, 20) through the glass fiber armor fabric and are surrounded by the concrete component (3) . Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querkraftanker metallische Flachprofile (10a), Winkelprofile (10c, 10d) oder Rundstäbe (10b, 10f) sind, die in Nuten (11) der Verbundstege (5, 20) angeordnet sind, wobei diese Nuten in einem spitzen Winkel zur Verbundfläche (7) verlaufen.Wood-concrete composite element according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 7, characterized in that the transverse force anchors are metallic flat profiles (10a), angle profiles (10c, 10d) or round bars (10b, 10f) which are in grooves (11) in the composite webs (5, 20) are arranged, these grooves extending at an acute angle to the composite surface (7). Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querkraftanker durch Bereiche des Betonbauteils (3) gebildet werden, die sich in die Aussparungen (12, 22) in den Verbundstegen (5, 20) erstrecken.Wood-concrete composite element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transverse force anchors are formed by regions of the concrete component (3) which extend into the cutouts (12, 22) in the composite webs (5, 20). Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Betonbauteil (3) eine Armierung bzw. Bewehrung aus Stahl oder Glasfaserpanzergewebe besitzt.Wood-concrete composite element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the concrete component (3) has a reinforcement or reinforcement made of steel or glass fiber armor fabric. Holz-Beton-Verbundelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zwei Holzbauteile (2) und ein gemeinsames Betonbauteil (3) besitzt, welches zwischen diesen beiden Holzbauteilen angeordnet ist.Wood-concrete composite element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has two wooden components (2) and a common concrete component (3) which is arranged between these two wooden components.
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