EP3971361A1 - Loam panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an earth wall panel (1) with a flat wooden frame (2) made of a plurality of wooden slats (3) crossing one another and connected to one another at the crossing points and a plurality of clay components arranged between the wooden slats (3), the clay components (4) are designed as flat prefabricated clay components (5) which are inserted between the wooden slats (3) in such a way that their edge surfaces facing the wooden slats (3) at least partially lie flat against the surrounding wooden slats (3). In this way, a clay building element is provided which is suitable for use as a stiffening drywall panel in construction.

Description

The invention relates to a loam wall panel with a flat wooden frame made of a plurality of wooden slats crossing one another and connected to one another at the crossing points and a plurality of loam components arranged between the wooden slats.

Clay has been used to build houses around the world for thousands of years. Especially in Central and Northern Europe there is a long earth building tradition in which earth components either take on load-bearing functions, e.g. walls in adobe masonry construction, rammed earth construction or corrugated construction, or are used in a space-enclosing function, e.g or non-supporting interior walls. In the 20th century, clay as a building material in Europe was largely replaced by other industrially manufactured building materials and with it the knowledge of the material and the craftsmanship involved in processing it. In recent years, clay has been rediscovered in architecture due to its extremely low primary energy requirements and its good material properties. The advantages of clay are its sustainability as a building material made from renewable raw materials with good regional availability, its recyclability and its very good building physics, building biology and indoor climate properties. Due to its sorption capacity, clay balances the air humidity, also absorbs pollutants and odors and, depending on the material thickness, has comparatively good heat-storing, soundproofing and acoustic properties.

The largest areas of application for clay in construction are currently clay plasters and clay paints. Clay paints and clay finishing plasters up to 3 mm thick cannot usually exploit the special properties of clay, such as heat storage and humidity regulation, due to their small thickness. In order to increase the degree of prefabrication, to enable easier workability and to achieve the appropriate layer thickness that is effective in terms of building physics, the product "clay building board" was launched on the market in recent years. Clay building boards are made from construction earth and usually contain additives from aggregates, brick dust, expanded clay, plant parts or fibers or crushed chemically untreated wood in order to reduce the weight of the boards and to stabilize the board in its structure. Clay panels can Reinforced at the core or close to the surface with bars, mats, grids or fabrics. Commercially available clay drywall panels are used in interior design, for example for planking or cladding interior walls, such as post constructions or suitable flat substructures. They combine clay plaster and building board in one product and only have to be smoothed over, usually with clay plaster, to achieve a finished surface.

However, clay building boards cannot absorb a statically stiffening effect. The Technical Data Sheet TM 075 regulates under 4.1 that clay panels are not used to reinforce components, e.g. walls, partitions, roof trusses, etc. A test of the modulus of elasticity and the shear strength (bearing failure) can therefore be omitted and there are no minimum requirements. Therefore, when walls are used with a required stiffening effect, an additional substructure is always required, e.g. made of wood-based panels, to which the clay building panels are then additionally attached. The disadvantage of these construction methods is that the wall or wall panel in the timber construction using clay does not take into account the performance of the two materials (static and building physics) in an integrated manner.

From the DE 10 2005 033 834 A1 a wooden stud wall with several wooden studs arranged at a distance from one another and a wall lining of the fields between the wooden studs 1 consisting of molded bricks is known. Each wooden stand has a vertical retaining strip on its side facing the adjacent field, which can be designed as a triangular strip and nailed to the associated wooden stand. The bricks forming the lining are preferably clay bricks or clay bricks. Each shaped stone, which is designed, for example, as a shaped clay stone or as a shaped clay stone, extends over the entire width of the field between the spaced-apart wooden posts 1.

the DE 42 15 081 A1 describes an earth building wall element and a method for its production. The adobe wall element has a supporting frame and a light-weight loam filling that at least partially embeds it. The support frame has a stiffener and at least two parallel uprights of equal length, which are arranged at the greatest possible distance from one another, crossing one another via the stiffener are connected in a pressure and tensile manner and each have dowel holes at their ends, which are arranged in a predetermined grid spacing. The filling has a circumferential groove, which is made up of an upper groove for accommodating a frame, a lower groove for accommodating a sleeper and side grooves of the same construction. The ends of the uprights protrude slightly from the bottom of the upper and lower grooves, so that the filling has no load-bearing function.

Proceeding from this, it is the object of the invention to provide an earth building element that is suitable for use as a stiffening drywall panel in construction.

This object is solved by the subject matter of patent claim 1. Preferred developments can be found in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a clay building wall panel is thus provided with a flat wooden frame made of a plurality of wooden slats crossing one another and connected to one another at the crossing points and a plurality of clay components arranged between the wooden slats, the clay components being designed as flat prefabricated clay components which are inserted between the wooden slats in this way that they rest with their edge surfaces facing the wooden slats at least in sections flat against the wooden slats surrounding them.

The earthen wall panel according to the invention is flat in its reference state and can be loaded by forces in its plane. Such surface structures are called disks in technical mechanics. In structural engineering, a flat component is said to have a disc effect if it is able to absorb and safely dissipate forces acting in the direction of its plane to a certain extent without being excessively deformed or destroyed by the resulting internal shear stresses. Of course, the fact that the wooden framework is level does not mean that the wooden slats can also have different cross-sections, thicknesses and/or widths. Alternatively it can be provided that all wooden slats have the same cross-sectional shape.

The flat prefabricated clay components therefore each have front and rear sides which are parallel to the front and rear sides of the entire clay wall pane. Edge surfaces are the surfaces that connect the front and back sides and are therefore at a non-zero angle to the front and back sides of the entire clay wall pane. Even if the clay components used in conventional buildings do not have a load-dissipating function, it has been shown within the scope of the present invention that the insertion of the planar prefabricated clay components between the wooden slats in such a way that they lie flat against the surrounding wooden slats with their edge surfaces facing the wooden slats, leads to additional bracing and improved load transfer of the entire clay wall panel. In the case of the wooden slats, it is also said here that they have front and back sides that are parallel to the front and back of the entire clay building wall pane, so that they have the edge surfaces connecting the front and back sides that are flat on the edges of the prefabricated earth building components.

Basically, the wooden slats can have any cross-section. According to a preferred embodiment, they have a rectangular cross section. The prefabricated clay components then also have a rectangular cross-section so that they can be inserted between the wooden slats in such a way that their edge surfaces can lie flat against the edge surfaces of the wooden slats

In this way, an earthen wall panel is provided that can be designed to be stiffening and load-bearing and, moreover, also fireproof. In other words, the invention thus provides a clay wall panel with a stiffening effect for timber panel construction. It can be used as a stiffening element and represents an alternative to OSB panels. The clay wall panel has a wooden lattice structure made from a number of wooden slats that cross one another and are connected to one another at the crossing points. The meshes of the lattice structure are filled with prefabricated clay parts. The finish can be a single or multiple layer, preferably offset, laid clay building board as a cover board.

It has already been mentioned before that the wooden slats can have different cross-sections. According to a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that at least some of the wooden slats have the shape of a trapezium, preferably an isosceles trapezium, in cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wooden slats, with the front sides and the back sides of these wooden slats being the base sides of the trapezium form. The longitudinal direction of the wooden slats means the direction of their long extension. In this context, according to a preferred development of the invention, it is also provided that at least some of the prefabricated clay components have the shape of a rectangle and, in cross section in a plane perpendicular to one side of the rectangle, have the shape of a trapezium, preferably an isosceles trapezium, with the The fronts and backs of these prefabricated clay components form the base of the trapezium. In this way, the prefabricated clay components can be inserted between the wooden slats in a simple and safe manner without the risk of them slipping through the gaps between the wooden slats.

It is preferably also provided according to one embodiment of the invention that the wooden frame is surrounded by a wooden frame serving as a bearing for the wooden frame. In principle, the earthen wall panel can already be supplied with such a load-bearing frame. However, it is also possible to provide the earthen wall panel with such a frame at the place where it is used, ie at the place where it is installed. Part of such a frame can be the floor or the ceiling of a building.

Preferably, the wooden slats are attached to each other at the points where the wooden slats cross each other by means of screws and/or nails and/or staples and/or wooden pins and/or an adhesive attachment, e.g. by means of a lignin adhesive bond (adhesive with a natural biopolymer). are.

The crossing points of the wooden slats can be designed differently. Preferably, however, that at least some of the wooden slats, preferably all of the wooden slats, are notched in the areas where the wooden slats cross each other, preferably in such a way that the front and back sides of the wooden slats each have a single form a common flat surface. In this way, planar surfaces of the wooden framework can be achieved.

In principle, the clay wall panel is ready for use when it is fitted with the wooden framework and the prefabricated clay components. According to a preferred development of the invention, however, at least one clay building board is placed on the front and/or rear of the structure made of the wooden frame made of the interconnected wooden slats and the prefabricated clay components inserted between the wooden slats. It also applies here that the clay building wall pane preferably closes completely at the front and/or rear with one clay building panel or several clay building panels.

According to a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that the clay building board is held by means of fastening means on wooden slats of the wooden framework, the fastening means are countersunk in the clay building board and the area above the fastening means is filled with a filler up to the surface of the clay building board. Preferably, the fastening means is countersunk by at least 5 mm. Such a filling material can be clay, for example. This configuration can be helpful for fire protection, since in this way, particularly if the fastening means is a screw or a nail, the heat input into the earthen wall pane can be reduced in the event of a fire.

The prefabricated clay components preferably have a maximum extension of 50 cm, more preferably 40 cm and very particularly preferably 30 cm. The thickness of the prefabricated clay components is preferably between 15 mm and 45 mm, more preferably between 18 and 35 mm and very particularly preferably between 20 and 30 mm.

The invention also relates to the use of a clay wall panel, as described above, for timber panel construction. The clay wall panel is preferably used to stiffen a wooden panel wall.

The invention is explained in more detail below using a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings.

• Fig. 1a bis 1h schematisch die Herstellung einer Lehmbauwandscheibe gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• Fig. 2a bis 2c schematisch eine erste Variante einer Lehmbauwandscheibe in einem Prinzipschnitt gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• Fig. 3a bis 3c schematisch eine zweite Variante einer Lehmbauwandscheibe in einem Prinzipschnitt gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung und
• Fig. 4a und 4b schematisch die Verwendung einer Lehmbauwandscheibe gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung für eine Innenwand bzw. für eine Außenwand.

Show in the drawings

• Figures 1a to 1h schematically the production of a clay wall panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
• Figures 2a to 2c schematically a first variant of a clay wall panel in a principle section according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
• Figures 3a to 3c schematically shows a second variant of an earthen wall panel in a schematic section according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and
• Figures 4a and 4b schematically shows the use of a clay wall panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention for an inner wall or for an outer wall.

Below is a clay wall panel 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention based on its production with reference to Figures 1a to 1h described. As far as the manufacturing process for the clay wall panel 1 is concerned, a simple manufacturing method is provided here. Only the machines that are part of the standard equipment of carpentry companies are used. This means that processing companies do not incur high acquisition costs for complex, CNC-controlled machines. The material for the cross-sections used for the wooden frame 2 is based on commercially available wooden slats, which are available in the formats 24 mm x 48 mm, 30 mm x 50 mm and 40 mm x 60 mm. Depending on the requirement profile, the cross-sections can be varied or adjusted.

the Figures 1a to 1h serve to illustrate the principle of a clay wall panel 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The structural assembly of the clay wall panel 1 can be seen in the sequence.

How out Figure 1a As can be seen, two types of wooden slats 3 are used for the wooden framework 2, namely on the one hand wooden slats 3 which have a rectangular cross section and are provided with notches 10. The shape of these notches 10 corresponds to the cross section of second wooden slats 3, which are trapezoidal in cross section, so that they can be received in the notches 10 with a positive fit. By assembling these wooden slats 3 results, as shown schematically Figure 1b visible, a flat wooden framework 2. In order to fix this wooden framework 2, present adhesive fasteners 4 are used, which are introduced in the areas of the notches 10, namely lignin adhesive bonds based on an adhesive with a natural biopolymer. For the sake of clarity, not all notches 10 are provided with reference symbols in the figures. The same applies to the reference numbers of the adhesive fasteners 4. In addition, the clay wall panel 1 is already in the Figures 1a to 1g been provided with the reference number 1, although in the procedural statuses shown there there is still no completely manufactured clay wall panel 1. A fully manufactured clay wall panel 1 is only in Figure 1h shown.

the end Figure 1c it can now be seen how clay components in the form of planar prefabricated clay components 5 are inserted from above into the openings formed between the wooden slats 3 . The rule here is that the prefabricated clay components 5 have the shape of a rectangle and, in a cross-section in a plane perpendicular to one side of the rectangle, the shape of a trapezium, namely an isosceles trapezium, with the front sides and rear sides of these prefabricated clay components 5 forming the base sides of the trapezium. In this way it is possible to insert the prefabricated clay components 5 into the openings between the wooden slats 3 in such a way that they cannot slip through these openings. Overall, this means that the edge surfaces of the prefabricated clay components 5 that face the wooden slats 3 lie flat against the surrounding wooden slats 3, both in the area of the trapezoidal profiles and in the area of the rectangular profiles of the wooden slats 3 and the prefabricated clay components 5. The resulting clay wall panel 1 with already in the openings between the wooden slats 3 used prefabricated clay components is out Figure 1d evident.

In another in Figure 1e 3 clay building boards 8 are used on the prefabricated clay components 5 and between the notched wooden slats. The clay building wall disc 1 with clay building panels 8 used in this way is out Figure 1f evident. Finally, as in Figure 1d shown, placed on the entire structure a larger clay building board 8, which closes the clay building wall disc 1 here at the top. The finished clay building wall panel 1 according to the preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention described here is made Figure 1h evident.

In the following embodiments of the invention in the Figures 2a to 2c or the Figures 3a to 3c are shown, two different variants of a clay wall panel 1 are shown with a basic section. These two variants meet different static requirements. At the from the Figures 3a to 3c variant shown consists of the wooden framework 2 exclusively of wooden slats 3 with the dimensions 24 mm × 48 mm. The junctions are joined by overlapping, as a result of which the wooden slats 3 running in the transverse or longitudinal direction are then at the same height. The principle section shows the parallel 30° chamfer cut for accommodating the prefabricated clay component 5. A commercially available clay building board 8 with a thickness of 16 mm forms the end of the clay building wall panel 1 on the inside of the room. In this variant, the layer thickness of the clay is at least 40 mm.

At the from the Figures 3a to 3c In the variant shown, the wooden framework 2 consists of wooden slats 3 with dimensions of 24 mm×48 mm or 40 mm×60 mm. The junctions are joined by a notch in the higher wooden slat 3. The wooden slat 3 with the dimensions 24 mm × 48 mm has a 30° bevel cut, runs through and is fastened at the junction with a fastener such as a screw or nail , fixed. The resulting height difference is compensated for with an additional 16 mm thick clay building board 8. A commercially available clay building panel 8 with a thickness of 16 mm forms the end of the clay building wall panel 1 on the inside of the room. In this variant, the layer thickness of the clay is at least 56 mm.

In the out of the Figures 4a and 4b The visible system sketches show preferred fields of application for the clay wall panel 1. Depending on the structural requirements, the clay wall panel 1 can be used as paneling on both sides for an inner wall 12, as in Figure 4a shown, or used as one-sided planking on the inside of the room for an outer wall 13, as in Figure 4b shown. In both cases, two or one clay wall panel 1 is used, as with reference to FIG Figures 2a to 2c described.

At the in Figure 4a The construction shown has the inner wall 13 on both sides of a corresponding earthen wall panel 1. This clay building wall discs 1 are applied to a wooden framework 14 made of wooden slats with dimensions of 40 mm x 60 mm, which is provided with an insulation 11. At the in Figure 4b The outer wall 13 shown is fitted on the inside with a corresponding clay wall panel 1 on a significantly stronger wooden framework 16 for the wooden panel construction, which is also provided with insulation 11 . A wood fiber insulation board 15 forms the end of the outer wall 13 on the outside. Both the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 13 can be plastered and/or painted as required.

Reference List

1

clay wall panel

2

wooden framework

3

wooden slats

4

adhesive fasteners

5

flat prefabricated clay components

8th

clay building board

10

notches

11

insulation

12

inner wall

13

outer wall

14

wooden framework

15

wood fiber insulation board

16

Timber frame for timber panel construction

Claims (13)

Clay wall panel (1) with a flat wooden framework (2) made of a plurality of wooden slats (3) crossing one another and connected to one another at the crossing points and a plurality of clay components arranged between the wooden slats (3), the clay components being designed as flat prefabricated clay components (5). which are inserted between the wooden slats (3) in such a way that their edge surfaces facing the wooden slats (3) at least partially lie flat against the wooden slats (3) surrounding them. Clay wall panel (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the wooden slats (3) have the shape of a trapezium, preferably an isosceles trapezium, in cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wooden slats (3), the front sides and the rear sides of these wooden slats (3) form the bases of the trapezium. Clay wall panel (1) according to claim 2, wherein at least some of the prefabricated clay components (5) have the shape of a rectangle and have the shape of a trapezium, preferably an isosceles trapezium, in cross section in a plane perpendicular to one side of the rectangle, the front sides and the backs of these prefabricated clay components (5) form the bases of the trapezium. Clay wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the timber framework (2) is surrounded by a wooden frame serving as a bearing for the timber framework (2). Clay wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wooden framework (2) at the points where the wooden slats (3) cross one another by means of screws and/or nails and/or clamps and/or wooden pins and/or an adhesive attachment (4) are fixed. Clay wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least part of the wooden slats (3) in the areas in which the wooden slats face each other cross, are notched, preferably in such a way that the front sides and the back sides of the wooden slats (3) each form a single common planar surface. Clay wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one clay building board (8 ) is set up. Clay wall pane (1) according to claim 7, wherein the clay wall pane (1) completely terminates at the front and/or rear with a clay building panel (8) or a plurality of clay building panels (8). Clay building wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the clay building panel (8) is held by means of fastening means on wooden slats (3) of the wooden framework (2), the fastening means are countersunk in the clay building panel (8) and the area above the fastening means with a filler is filled up to the surface of the clay building board (8). Clay wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the prefabricated clay components (5) have a maximum extension of 50 cm, preferably 40 cm and very particularly preferably 30 cm. Clay wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the clay prefabricated components (5) is between 15 mm and 45 mm, preferably between 18 and 35 mm and very particularly preferably between 20 and 30 mm. Use of an earthen wall panel (1) according to one of the preceding claims for timber panel construction. Use according to Claim 12, in which the clay wall panel (1) is used to reinforce a wooden panel wall.

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