CH701312A2 - Wooden-structural element for use as e.g. frame, in area of facade, has multiple, closed, small air chambers whose dimensions are aligned in main heat damping direction to cause heat insulation effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The element (10) has a box (7), on which multiple lamella elements (1) with multiple of narrow longitudinal slots (5, 6) are provided, where the box is designed as a three-sided or four sided closed box. The slots and the box form multiple of closed, small air chambers (25), which exhibit a rectangular or an acute-angled cross section, where small dimensions of the air chambers are aligned in a main heat damping direction (38) to cause heat insulation effect. The lamella elements exhibit thickness that corresponds to thickness of the longitudinal slots.

Description

The invention relates to a wood structural element with high thermal insulation, for the range of building facades and / or roofs and / or false ceilings and / or walls with inserted lamellar elements.

Solid wood shell structures, such as block or knitting, were often used to be the only guarantor of wintry thermal protection. Such designs with a wall thickness of 80 mm to 120 mm can no longer meet today's requirements. It is known that people perceive living spaces in solid wood constructions as pleasant. Indoor temperatures and humidity are in good balance, unless over-heating causes the air to dry out. Efforts to meet today's challenges, such as careful use of resources, require a permanent search for new solutions in the field of thermal insulation of buildings. Optimization potential in building envelope construction exists by balancing interactions - of thermal conductivity, heat storage, moisture transport and moisture content. It must therefore be an objective to produce in the future building wood envelopes with improved thermal insulation properties preferably regionally. Here you should be able to use not only the side products (spruce / silver fir) but also hardwoods such as beech. The multifunctionality of solid wood regarding statics, thermal insulation, energy storage, sound insulation and fire protection should be brought into play as holistically as possible.

Recently, increased efforts are underway to use prefabricated wall and ceiling floor elements instead of the older half-timbered buildings. These are laid as elements, or the elements are assembled directly on the construction site as an element composite to whole buildings. A particular difficulty in this case represent the connecting means for the element composite. The DOS 19 743 905 proposes for this lock plates for frictional connection of two abutting elements. Each of the elements is internally pressed with insulating material, wherein the outer shell is formed by solid, connected in the edge areas by squared timbers plates. The disadvantage of such solutions is that a considerable amount of manual work is sometimes required on the construction site for the production of corresponding structural elements. Even after careful installation of the insulation material, there is no guarantee that it will not collapse after a long time and locally deteriorate the insulation effect.

DE 19 604 433 proposes a vacuum-bonded plywood board. It is assumed by a glulam board, with a plurality of flat stacked layers of wood, which are adhered to each other flat, in particular over the entire surface, adjacent to flat sides, at least a portion of adjacent pairs of wood layers have transverse or perpendicular to each other, extending fiber directions. The object was to provide a laminated wood panel of the type described above, in which the distribution of the adhesive is optimized. The new solution is characterized in that at least a part of the pairwise adjacent and glued together flat sides are each provided with a plurality of substantially substantially in the fiber direction and approximately parallel grooves, such that at least in a part of the transverse to each other extending fiber directions in pairs adjacent to each other Wood layers intersect the grooves of the adjacent flat sides. The big disadvantage of this solution is that while the gluing improves, but at the same time the thermal insulation is deteriorated.

The new invention has now been set the task, in particular to provide lightweight structural elements with the highest stability and thermal insulation effect, in which the insulation effect is maintained unchanged over periods of decades and more. The structural elements should be inexpensive to produce and can be quickly set up on site with as little manual work.

The new invention is characterized in that the single structural element comprises a box in which one or more lamellar elements are arranged with a plurality of both sides and staggered, narrow longitudinal slots, and together and with the box a corresponding plurality of closed small Form air chambers, wherein the individual small air chambers have an approximately rectangular or acute-angled cross section and the shorter dimension of the air chambers is aligned in the Hauptwäremmämmrichtung, so that with the plurality of closed, small air chambers results in a high thermal insulation effect.

It has been recognized by the inventor that in the prior art with respect to the two requirements: highest stability and highest thermal insulation effect only one requirement could be met, to the detriment of the other.

In the prior art, the heat loss by internal convection has been often neglected. Convection (= entrainment) means the transfer of heat through material carriers such as moving liquids or air. This is exactly where the new invention comes in. It is a fact that free air movement due to temperature differences requires minimal space. Due to the fact that, according to the new invention, only narrow air chambers are provided between the narrow longitudinal slots in the lamellar elements or lamellar longitudinal profiles, the movement of the air in the narrow air chambers and thus the heat exchange via the convection is virtually prevented. With the multiplicity of longitudinal slots in the main heat-insulating direction, there is additionally a large number of jumps, from air chambers to air chamber and thus a massive inhibition for the heat flow. This is further supported by the design of thin lamellae. This lowers the heat conduction in the fins. According to the invention, the air is used as maximum insulation factor. In the composite of the lamellar elements with a closed box results in a surprisingly high stability for the entire structural element.

The novel components have very good thermal insulation and sound insulation properties. The insulating element can be made of various materials, such as wood, fiber or composite materials. Thanks to the louvers, it is above all the thermal insulation values (lambda values) and sound insulation values that are maximized compared to conventional products. The thermal insulation values improve, the smaller the slot thickness. Through the slots also a material savings and a weight reduction can be achieved. As a result of these properties, an application of the element results in the field of thermal insulation, heat storage, sound insulation in building structures or in products where such properties are required. Maximum thermal insulation values are achieved when the elements according to the invention are assembled in such a way that a large number of closed air chambers is created in the box. These run in the plane of a component or a plate such that the heat flow through the wood body is interrupted as often as possible by air chambers.

The lamellar element can be used as a single part or in a composite or glued form. The lamellar elements are brought together with an outer forming, stable box as a structural element, such as a stand construction as a wall, roof or ceiling element. Each lamellar element forms with the box a plurality of self-contained air chambers, which extend transversely to the Hauptwärmedammrichtung.

The new invention allows a number of particularly advantageous embodiments or applications. Preferably, the lamellar element by milled handorgelartige, each mutually arranged thin slats resp.

A corresponding plurality of longitudinal slots of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm slot width and 10 to 50 mm slot depth. The small air chambers are thus clearly defined and maintained over a lifetime of the elements concerned without loss.

The wood structure element may be formed as a frame or plate and is provided with a lipping and in this case has only one layer of lamellae. Advantageously, can be formed in accordance with another application as a structural element or plate for a plug-in system with edge band for each plate in sizes, which are gehhandelbar with physical strength. This is very important especially where e.g. there is no room for the position of a crane during a facade renovation. The edge bands are formed on the front side protruding or protruding, such that the structural element or the plates can be plugged together in a corresponding end region. In a composite of a plurality of panels for a whole wall, the individual plates are arranged offset for a wall According to a further embodiment, the structural element is designed as a ceiling element in the manner of a ceiling beam with vertical plank boards, wherein the box is formed closed longitudinally. The vertical plank boards are each mounted laterally projecting or recessed, such that when joining a plurality of ceiling elements for a whole ceiling, they form a plug-in system.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, a plurality of individual ceiling elements are joined together as a composite, the central planks are upstanding beams, which are connected to two floor or ceiling boards on tongue and comb, the vertical planks boards each side or above are mounted backward, such that when joining a plurality of ceiling elements for a whole ceiling, they form a plug-in system.

For a sound insulation or sound insulation a larger number of cuts are made on the underside of the ceiling boards in the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, the box made in stand construction is formed from boards, the board thickness is selected according to the respective static requirements.

Each structural element is formed at least as a 3-sided box, wherein the fourth side can be formed by on-site determinable wall material, such as gypsum boards, or wall beetle. As four-sided closed box, the wood structure element can be used as a floor or ceiling element. It is possible that by appropriate finishing of the floor and ceiling boards, the whole floor or the entire ceiling for use are done, so no need additional materials.

Advantageously, the transition from structural element to structural element is made by dowelling or by means of springs and / or gluing, wherein the joints can be sealed in each case with insulating strips. The single fin element is unstable prior to installation in a box in the transverse plane and only after installation, significant parts of the load and the stability can be adopted by both, wherein in the case of load-bearing structural elements, the fin elements are glued in. The box. The thin lamellae of the lamellar element have a thickness which corresponds approximately to the thickness (d) of the corresponding longitudinal slots or louvers, the thickness (d) of the lamellae or of the corresponding louver being preferably 1 to 3 mm mm and the depth of the louvers is 10 to 50 mm.

The new element system, which is preferably made through and out of wood, has a wall thickness in the range of 10 to 15 cm in a single shell and a wall thickness in a double shell in the range of 20 to 40 centimeters corresponding to a building outer wall, is characterized through a sophisticated air chamber system. The closed, small air chambers stop the heat flow and also bring soundproofing improvements. The device is also much easier compared to known corresponding components. Solid wood structures, such as log cabin or chalet buildings, have been around for decades. These no longer meet the new legally required insulation values without additional insulation. The problem has now been solved with a variety of small air chambers. The lambda value could be improved by 50 percent compared to normal solid wood construction. For the production tools had to be redesigned for the production process.

The new invention allows a number of particularly advantageous embodiments. Reference is made to claims 2 to 18.

The invention will now be explained with reference to embodiments with further details. Show it: FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a lamellar element or lamellar longitudinal profile according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 1b shows a lamellar element with a back; FIG. Fig. 1c <sep> four examples of lamellar elements in cross section; Fig. 2a is a representation of the timber utilization of a tree trunk in the sawmill, especially for the lamellar longitudinal profiles; Fig. 2b schematically shows the vertical and lateral loads P and B1 of a structural element for a building wall; Fig. 3a-3d <sep> a demonstration of a short pattern of a lamellar element, partly under load; FIGS. 4a and 4b show an application of the lamellar elements in the field of wall and window construction; 5a shows a structural element or lamella longitudinal profile for use as a false ceiling or intermediate floor with a box open on one side. The open side is here closed or clad on site; Fig. 5b <sep> schematically joins three structural elements as a composite; Fig. 6a <sep> a composite of four ceiling or floor elements, each with closed box and reinforced vertical planks: Fig. 6b <sep> corresponds to Fig. 6a, but in a perspective view; Fig. 6c <sep> another design idea, wherein the lower ceiling boards have a larger number of slots for insulation or sound insulation for the entire room; Fig. 7a <sep> an example of the application of the structural element as a wall element with a layer of lamellar elements; Fig. 7b shows another example of the application of the structural element as a section of a wall element with two layers of lamellar elements; Fig. 7c <sep> is a top view of Fig. 7b according to arrow VII; Fig. 8a <sep> an example with a cross-section as a plate or wall element with a layer of lamellar elements; Fig. 8b <sep> is a perspective view of Fig. 8a; FIG. 9 shows a wall section with a built-in window and frame widening; FIG. Fig. 10a <sep> another example of a composite of wall elements with a layer of lamellar elements as a plug-in system with manually negotiable small plates; Fig. 10b <sep> is a section X - X of Fig. 10a; Fig. 11 is a mounting example of wall elements; Figs. 12a and 12b show the test pattern for the heat transfer coefficient test.

In the following reference is made to FIGS. 1a and 1b. FIG. 1a shows a lamellar element or lamellar longitudinal profile 1 in a perspective view. Slats 2 were produced by milling, which are shown from both sides according to arrows 3 by means of indicated Fräsblätter 3. This results in the side of a plurality of open longitudinal slots 5 and 6, as long as the fin element is not installed in a box 7 (Fig. 4a). FIG. 1b shows a lamella element V which has an additional back 8, which has the shape of a square bar. Incidentally, the lamellar elements 1 of FIGS. 1a and 1b are identical and each form a base module. With the reference numeral 9 is indicated that a plurality of fin elements for an entire structural element can be pegged.

The lamellar element 1, 1 is profiled as a basic element of solid boards, usually side goods of the species spruce, fir, beech, etc. on a four-sided planer. The base module according to FIG. 1b has a spine with, for example, a depth of 30 mm. This can be used for the transverse doweling of the slats, similar to a pegged board stack construction. Thus, the bond is purely mechanical, without the use of glues guaranteed. However, bonds based on emission-free silicate adhesives are also possible. The outwardly directed heat-insulating member with e.g. 120 mm depth usually receives two-sided milling. These air cushions improve the A-value of the solid wood or the U-value of the construction to λ = 0.064. A bionic analogy can thus be made to the bearskin, with the skin on the inside and the outward facing fur hair.

Fig. 1c shows examples of cross-sections with concrete measures of four different fin elements 1. The mass given may vary as desired within an economic order of magnitude. The basic character, however, is always the same. The two outstanding features are thin webs 2, or slots 3, and the length «L». The width of the lamellar element 1 is denoted by B and the thickness D, corresponding to the wide edges.

In special cases, it is possible to produce lamellar elements 1 made of plastic, especially if the lamellar element is used in a plastic environment.

Fig. 2a shows schematically the timber utilization in a tree trunk. In the area of the heartwood 30, the best quality of boards can be used for the manufacture of the box 7 or as boards 19, 20, 21, 22 (FIG. 4a). The poorer quality 31 is used for the production of the lamellar elements 1. It is clearly evident that when sawing a tree trunk, the poor quality is brought to a high added value by an inventive processing. This is also clearly expressed in FIG. 2b.

Fig. 2b shows schematically a structural element 10 for use as a wall element under a vertical load, according to arrow P. The fact that the lamellar elements 1 are completely enclosed and optionally glued into a box 7, they carry not insignificant part of the vertical Building load (P) of a floor load (Bl). The single wall or floor element 10 satisfies all static requirements of construction technology.

Fig. 3a shows a short pattern of a fin element 1 with the slats 2 in the unloaded state. Fig. 3b shows the same pattern the air or longitudinal slots 5, 6 pressed together. In Figs. 3c and 3d, the short pattern is manually bent or deformed on one side and the other side, respectively. FIGS. 3b, 3c and 3c show a special property of a lamellar element 1 in the sense of a demonstration pattern.

Fig. 4 shows another example of the installation of inventive heat-insulating timber components. In the upper part of the picture (right) a window 24 is shown in which a single lamella element 1 is fitted. A frame frame is divided in two into an inner frame part 11 and an outer frame part 12. The window frame 13 is also divided into two, with an inner window frame part 15 and an outer window frame part 14. The window frame 13 is hinged to a wall structure element 16 and is sealed (reference 18) both opposite to the wall structure element 16 and with respect to a piece bar 17. In the window frame 13, three fin elements 1 are fitted. In the sash frame 10, a fin element 1 is fitted, wherein the lamellar elements 1 are arranged in all four frame shells. The large number of air chambers is designated 25 (FIG. 4b).

FIGS. 4a and 4b show the use of the thermal insulation according to the invention for window construction. The recent development has shown that the window frames, as well as the transition from the wall, be it in wood, plastic or metal, in terms of thermal insulation, the actual weak point in building facades. Depending on the material of which the window frame is made, the lamination elements are introduced into structural elements 10 in terms of production technology. The same applies to the sash frame or for the wing shrouds and the frame shells. 4a also shows an entire structural element 10. The structural element 10 has, on the outside, a closed box 7 and a multiplicity of lamellar elements 1, which are completely enclosed in the box 7. The box 7 consists of a respective lower board 19, an upper board 20 and two lateral boards 21 and 22, which are connected by screws 23. When installed, each of the longitudinal slots 5 and 6 each forms an outwardly closed air chamber 25, which results in the interaction of the very high thermal insulation. The main thermal insulation direction is indicated by arrow 38.

5 to 10 show differently configured structural elements as basic modules for different uses. With the standard modules, individual systems can be combined to form double and multiple systems. With this, the building outer shells can be created, which guarantee monolithic without additional layers for the thermal insulation in the Minergiestandard and above. Thanks to the dual-chamber system, it is possible to create a bionic analogy to the wasp's nest. The construction is based on this comparative object on multi-layer paper envelopes with air chambers. The wasps can thus ensure a constant gross temperature of 29 degrees Celsius. In the double module according to FIGS. 5a and 5b, the box is closed only on 3 sides. The fourth side is replaced by an on-site wall covering, e.g. Plasterboard for plastered walls, made.

FIGS. 5a to 6c show the box construction concept in use as floor and ceiling elements. So that the shear transfer is guaranteed, an additional or more solid plank 22 can be installed. In addition, a dowelling and / or gluing of the back, for example, with silicot (biologically harmless) can be made. To increase the flexural rigidity, beams 34 can also be used as planks.

5a and 5b show a standard module 30. The box is closed only on three sides. As ceiling material, any ceiling material can be selected. As a rule, the ceiling is not loaded in this embodiment. In Fig. 5b, three modules are plugged together.

6a to 6c each show an element composite 31 or 32 or 33 for a floor or for a ceiling construction. In this case, four individual elements or structural elements 10 are usually assembled via connecting screws. This solution is suitable for heavily loaded ceilings or floors. To reinforce each individual element is provided with the next via a respective vertical bar or thick planks boards 34 which are stably connected via a groove and comb connection 35, 36. Another special feature is shown in Fig. 6c Dämmschlitze 37. Thus, the room sound can be significantly reduced. For the on-site assembly any number of element composites 31, 32, 33 can be joined together, wherein the individual element composites are joined together via any clamping means.

Figs. 7a to 7c show sections of structural elements for walls.

Fig. 7a shows a structural element 10 with only one layer of lamellar elements 1. The structural element 10 is surrounded at all with a strong Umleimholz 40, and inwardly and outwardly with a Brettverschaltung 41 and 42, wherein the outer and inner casings can be attached on site. The solution according to FIG. 7a is designed for applications with less stringent requirements for thermal insulation. Instead of a Brettverschaltung any wall plate material can be used.

In FIGS. 7b and 7c, two layers of lamellar elements 1 are shown. It is the typical case of an exterior wall with great thermal insulation effect. Again, each can be applied a composite of individual structural elements 10, as shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c. Inside a battens 43 is arranged for a plaster carrier. To the outside can Stulpschalungen 44 and 45 are arranged.

FIGS. 8a and 8b show a simple plate or wall element 46. The construction essentially corresponds to FIG. 7a.

9 shows a wall element in the transition to a window with frame widening 47. FIG. 9 shows the use of the inventive thermal insulation for window construction. Recent developments have shown that window frames, whether in wood, plastic or metal, are the real weakness in building facades in terms of thermal insulation. In the window frame 13 no lamellar elements are used here.

10a and 10b and 11 show another interesting embodiment in which the small plates 48 are assembled by hand to a whole wall. This solution is particularly interesting for construction sites, where too little space is available for a whole wall structure for the erection of a construction crane. The small plates can be made in any size, e.g. 1 meter to 0.5 meters. Basically, the small plates can also be built with two layers of lamellar elements.

11 shows an example of installation of wall elements 48 on an existing wall 49.

In the following, reference is made to Figs. 12a and 12b. These are excerpts from a national test protocol (EMPA) for the determination of the test specimen heat transfer coefficient. Fig. 12a shows the size dimensions of a wall plate 50. Fig. 12b shows a section through the plate 50 of Fig. 12a with measures. <tb> Net heat flow through test specimen ΦF <sep> [W] <sep> 13.08 [m <2> <tb> Total heat transfer resistance Rs, dead <sep> KA / V] <sep> 0.185 <tb> Radiation temperature warm side θri <sep> [° C] <sep> 22.78 <tb> Radiation temperature cold side θre <sep> [° C] <sep> 3.03 <tb> Ambient temperature warm side θni <sep> [° C] <sep> 22.89 <tb> Ambient temperature cold side θne <sep> [° C] <sep> 2.97 <tb> Ambient temperature difference θni <sep> [° C] <sep> 19.93 <tb> Test result <sep> <sep> [W / m <2> <tb> Measured heat transfer coefficient UF, m <sep> K] <sep> 0.22 <tb> Measurement uncertainty ΔUF, m <sep> <sep> ± 0.02

Claims (18)

1. wood structural element with high thermal insulation for the range of building facades and / or roofs and / or false ceilings and / or walls with inserted lamellar elements, characterized in that the individual structural element (10) has a box (7), in which one or a plurality of lamellar elements (1) with a plurality of both sides and offset arranged, narrow longitudinal slots (5, 6) are inserted, and together and with the box (7) form a corresponding plurality of closed small air chambers (25), wherein the individual small air chambers (25) have an approximately rectangular or acute-angled cross-section and the shorter dimension of the air chambers (25) in the Hauptwäremmämmrichtung (38) is aligned, so that with the plurality of closed, small air chambers (25) results in a high thermal insulation effect. 2. wood structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamellar element (1) by milling handorgelartige, each mutually arranged thin slats (2) - resp. a corresponding plurality of longitudinal slots (5, 6) of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm slot width and 10 to 50 mm slot depth. 3. wood structural element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is designed as a frame or plate and provided with a lipping (40), and a layer of lamellar elements (1). 4. wood structural element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is designed as a plate for a plug-in system with edge band (40) for each plate in sizes, which are hand-handleable (Fig. 10a). 5. wood structural element according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the edge strips (40) to the plate (46, 48) frontally projecting or recessed are formed, such that the plates can be assembled in a corresponding end region (Fig. 10a ). 6. wood structural element according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that in a composite of a plurality of plates for a wall, the individual plates are arranged offset (Fig. 10a). 7. wood structural element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it is designed as a ceiling element in the manner of a ceiling joist with vertical plank boards, wherein the box is formed closed in the longitudinal direction (Fig. 6a to 6c). 8. wood structural element according to claim 7, characterized in that the vertical plank boards' are each mounted laterally protruding or backward, such that when joining a plurality of ceiling elements for a whole ceiling, this form a plug-in system. 9. wood structural element according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a plurality of individual ceiling elements are joined together as a composite, wherein the central planks are upstanding beams, which are connected to two floor or ceiling boards on tongue and comb, wherein the vertical plank boards are each mounted laterally projecting or receding, such that when joining a variety of ceiling panels for a whole ceiling, they form a plug-in system. 10. wood structural element according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that in the bottom of each of the ceiling boards in the longitudinal direction with a larger number of slots for insulation and soundproofing has (Fig. 6c). 11. wood structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the box-shaped box (7) is formed of boards, wherein the board thickness is selected according to the respective static requirements. 12. wood structural element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lamellar elements (1) are made of so-called inferior sawn timber (Fig. 2a). 13. wood structural element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each structural element (10) is formed at least as a 3-sided box (7), wherein the fourth side is formed by on-site determinable wall material, such as gypsum boards, or wall beetle (Figures 5a and 5b). 14 wood structural element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it is designed as a four-sided closed box (7) and is used for example as a floor or ceiling element (Fig. 6abis 6c). 15. Wood structural element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the thin lamellae (2) of the lamellar element (1) have a thickness which is approximately the thickness (d) of the corresponding longitudinal slots or louvers (5, 6) corresponds. 16. wood structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness (d) of the slats or the corresponding air slot 1 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm and the depth of the louvers is 10 to 50 mm. 17. wood structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition from structural element (10) to structural element (10) by anchoring or by means of springs and / or gluing takes place, wherein the joints are sealed in each case with insulating strips. 18 wood structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual fin element (1) is unstable before installation in the box in the transverse plane and after installation takes over a substantial part of the load and stability, wherein in the case of structural structural elements Lamella elements are glued in the box.