EP1734200B1 - Use of a wall element for a building and of a composite wood panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall unit has plies (1) comprising woods (2) that are parallely arranged in layers. The plies are connected with one another by grooves (3) lying opposite to one another and dovetail battens (4) inserted in the grooves, where wood fiber pathway of the woods runs parallel to a main load direction. The woods have connection assemblies (5) with recesses running over length of the woods, where a front area of each recess is spaced apart from the woods and forms an expansion joint. An independent claim is also included for a wood plier composite panel comprising pliers.

Description

The invention relates to the use of a building wall element according to claim 1 and the use of a wood layer composite panel according to claim 11.

A well-known construction method for wooden houses is the block construction method. In the block construction, the walls, which are the supporting parts of the construction, are made of solid and horizontally superimposed beams. Above all, the unavoidable drying or increase in wood moisture and the associated shrinkage and swelling of the wood are a problem because it can lead to subsidence or uplift. Furthermore, the bars may warp or deform over time, so that they no longer lie sufficiently close together. The warping of the beams leads to a leakage of the walls. To avoid this disadvantage, heat insulations are usually applied to the inside of the walls. Building physics brings this u.a. the disadvantage that the solid bars are arranged on the outside, so facing the cold side, whereby the heat storage of the wall is reduced. In addition, the internal insulation arrangement adversely affects the position of the dew point in the wall. This is located behind the internal insulation in the wall, which leads to condensation (increase in moisture) in this area. Furthermore, additional wind seals increase the risk of condensation.

By setting and lifting in log cabin construction, the required thermal insulation can be damaged. At least, however, the choice of possible Thermal insulation materials severely limited.

In addition, setting and lifting limits the maximum building height of a log cabin.

The DE 34 08 608 C2 describes a generic construction of a building wall element with an outer and an inner layer. In this construction, the individual beams of such beam layers are similarly stacked to each other as in a conventional log cabin wall. Here, however, it is sufficient that the bars have a smaller thickness. The two beam layers are arranged at a distance from each other. In order to give the log house wall of the type described sufficient stability and rigidity, it is necessary to sufficiently rigidly connect the individual beams within the respective beam position, and also to provide a firm connection of the inner and outer beam layer. For this serve supports and dovetail connections between the columns and the beams. Each post engages dovetailed in grooves that extend over the entire height of the bar layers. The support consists of two parts, of which the first two grooves in the longitudinal direction initially only partially fills, and engages the second in the assembly movable part in the initially left free space of the grooves. The construction of a wall in the manner described requires additional insulation material in the space between the layers, which is expensive and therefore undesirable. In addition, although the problem of warping is reduced due to the smaller cross-sectional dimensions of the beams, the problem of lifting and setting is not solved.

The EP 1 097 032 B1 describes a prefabricated Laminated wood element with at least three interconnected from immediately adjacent board or post-like woods, these woods have two different directions of two adjacent layers. The plywood element is made of wood material and the connection of the individual layers is done by dowels, which enforce the layers of wood. This construction essentially eliminates the setting problems known in log cabin construction. But in order to achieve good Dammeigenschaften and good wind resistance, the structure of a wall in the manner described must have a large dimension in the direction of the strong wood or additional dam material, which is more expensive and therefore undesirable. In addition, the drilling of the holes and the insertion of the dowels is expensive.

The US 6,534,143 B1 describes multi-layer panels with moisture-swelled dowel joints.

The FR 2 659 703 A shows wedged blocks. as table tops with integrated table legs.

The invention has for its object to provide advantageous uses of wall panels and wood panels, where they can be used dimensionally stable, easy and inexpensive.

This object is achieved by the use of a building wall element according to claim 1 and the use of a laminated wood panel according to claim 11. Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims. Moreover, the invention also relates to a building according to claim 22, in which corresponding elements have been used. Advantageously, the building wall element or the wood layer composite plate are constructed so that in each case adjacent woods have a plug connection with at least one running over the length of the timber projection and are in mutual sealing engagement, wherein the end face of the respective projection is spaced from the respective opposite wood and a Expansion joint forms. Through the connectors, a substantially tight connection between the woods of the respective layers can be created, which improves the heat and sound insulation. The woods can still in their width direction shrinkage and swelling, without the overall dimensions of the building wall element or the wood layer composite panel are changed. In this case, the expansion joint may also be an outwardly opening joint, in order to avoid any capillary action that may occur.

The ridge strips can penetrate into at least one sealingly engaging region of the plug connections in each case. This prevents air convection between the air spaces separated by the strips.

In a preferred embodiment, the ridge strips can be pressed by an increase in volume due to swelling against Nutbegrenzende surfaces of the grooves, so that a firm connection of the woods and the at least two layers is achieved. By fixing by means of sources of ridge strips, a Reinverbund so a einstoffliches building wall element or a stoffstoff Holzlagenverbundplatte.

A fixation of the woods and the at least two layers can also be achieved by connecting means which penetrate at least one side surface of the ridge rail and the woods.

In addition, the fixation of the woods and the at least two layers can be achieved by gluing. The aforementioned types of fixation can also be performed in combination.

The building wall element or the wood layer composite panel can be constructed of different types of wood within the same element. These types of wood can be used according to the desired requirements, without having to meet the otherwise required in timber construction symmetry requirements, which brings enormous benefits. The woods of an outer layer may e.g. be constructed of a weather-resistant wood species, such as larch or oak, while the woods of an inner layer may be constructed of cheaper spruce wood. In addition, the ridge strips could also be made of other wood, for example, made of very solid beech wood.

In the building wall element may be at least one space between the at least two layers, the extent of which is between 0 cm and 5 cm in the thickness direction. This creates a thermally insulating static air layer. In the case of the laminated wood panel this gap can be up to approx. 50 cm.

Insulating material may be present in at least one space between two layers.

An angle between the groove and the wood grain course of the woods can be a right angle or can be from the right Deviate angle. By varying this angle, the stability of the building wall element or the wood layer composite panel can be adapted to the expected load conditions.

The laminated wood panel in a preferred embodiment consists of at least three layers.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

shows a perspective sectional view of a portion of a building wall element according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2

shows an exploded view of a portion of a building wall element according to the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3a

shows a sectional view of a connector according to the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3b

shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a connector;

Fig. 4a

shows a sectional view of a bar according to the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4b

shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a bar;

Fig. 4c

shows a sectional view of yet another embodiment of a bar;

When the building wall element is laid flat from the vertical arrangement to the horizontal, a result is created Wood composite panel location. The description of the construction of the building wall element can be analogously transferred to the wood layer composite panel. When using the building wall element of the wood grain profile of the woods is parallel to the main load direction, in the use of the wood layer composite plate, however, the wood fiber profile is transverse to the main load direction.

Description of the preferred embodiments

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. The following description refers to a building wall element but applies analogously also for a wood ply composite panel.

According to FIG. 1 and 2 consists of a building wall element according to the embodiment of four layers of juxtaposed wood 2 having layers 1, which are interconnected by means of mutually opposite grooves 3 and strips 4 inserted therein. In the building wall element, the wood fiber profile of the wood 2 runs parallel to the main load direction, ie in the direction of the dead weight of the wall. The strips 4 are ridge strips. In the FIGS. 1 and 2 the reference character A denotes a longitudinal direction of the woods 2, B a width direction of the woods 2 and C a thickness direction of the woods. The direction of the wood fiber course of the woods 2 corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the woods 2. The reference numeral 6 denotes spaces between the layers 2. According to the present embodiment, the woods 2 have a plug connection 5 with over the length of the timber 2 extending projections 7, 9, wherein the woods 2 are in mutual sealing engagement, and wherein the end face of the respective projection 7, 9 is spaced from the respective opposite wood 2 and forms an expansion joint 11, as in the Figures 1 to 3a is shown. The FIG. 3a shows that the woods 2 at one of their side surfaces with respect to their width direction each have two projections 7 and three recesses 8. On their other side surface, the woods 2 corresponding to three projections 9 and two recesses 10th

The projections 7, 9 are engaged with the corresponding recesses 8, 10, so that a tight connection is formed and an expansion joint 11 is present between the woods 2 with respect to their width direction. Thus, the woods 2 can expand toward this expansion joint 11 relative to each other. The projections 7, 9 preferably each have the same dimensions. The strips 4 each penetrate a sealing engagement area. This is indicated by a dashed line in the FIGS. 3a and 3b indicated. Thus, an air convection between the separated by the strips 4 spaces 6 is prevented, which improves the thermal insulation of the building wall element.

The FIG. 3b shows another embodiment of the connector 5. In this embodiment, only a projection 7 with a corresponding recess 10 is engaged, so that a tight connection is formed and an expansion joint 11 between the woods with respect to their width direction is present. Thus, the woods 2 can expand toward this expansion joint 11 relative to each other. The strips 4 penetrate here in each case in a sealing engagement area.

Through the connectors 5, a substantially tight connection between the woods 2 of the respective layers 1 are created, the heat and Soundproofing improved. The woods 2 can still in their width direction shrinkage and swelling, without affecting the building wall element. The result is a dimensionally stable building wall element.

The connector 5 is not on the in the FIGS. 3a and 3b shown limited form, but can take any form that leads to a tight connection between the woods 2. The woods 2 may each optionally have only one projection, two, three or more projections and the corresponding number of recesses. In addition, the expansion joint may also be an outwardly opening groove to avoid any capillary action that may occur.

The arrangement of the above-mentioned groove 3 and the strip 4 is in the present embodiment parallel to the width direction of the woods 2. The arrangement of the groove 3 and the bar 4 but can not be performed parallel to the width direction of the woods 2. Like from the FIGS. 1 and 2 can be seen fixed the bar 4 due to positive locking the layers 1 and the woods 2 in two directions, ie in the thickness direction and in the longitudinal direction of the timber 2. A fixation with respect to a third direction, ie the width direction of the timber 2 (longitudinal direction of the strips ), According to the present embodiment, by an increase in volume due to swelling of the inserted strips 4, which were dried before insertion. The dimension of the strip 4 and the groove 3 are dimensioned so that due to the change in volume, a non-positive connection between the woods 2 a layer 1 and the bar 4 is achieved. Like this in the FIG. 4a 1, the strip 4 according to the exemplary embodiment has two portions 4a, 4b that are tapered to one another, wherein the dimension of the side surfaces 4c, 4d in the longitudinal direction of the woods 2 is formed larger than a central region 4e.

The Figures 4b and 4c show possible modifications of the strip 4. In the in the FIG. 4b In the embodiment shown, a central region 4f is made larger than the middle region 4e with respect to the thickness direction of the woods 2 FIG. 4a , Consequently, the dimension of the ridge strip increases in the thickness direction of the woods. In this way, the gap 6 between the layers 1 in the thickness direction of the woods 2 can be increased.

When in the Figure 4c In the embodiment shown, a central region 4g is made larger than the middle region 4e with respect to the thickness direction of the woods 2 FIG. 4a and projects in each case in the longitudinal direction of the woods 2 outwards. In this way, both the form and the adhesion between the woods 2 a layer 1 and the strip 3 can be further improved.

The shape of a bar 4 is not on in the FIGS. 4a to 4c 1, but may take any shape that can be engaged with a groove 3 in the manner of a ridge strip. Furthermore, the ridge strips can also be made of a different material such as wood, for example of metal or plastic.

If you want to dispense with the fixation by volume change of the strips 4, the fixation of the wood on the bar 4 by using dowels, nails, screws, glue, etc. (known system Connecting means) can be achieved. Of course, the fixation by means of volume enlargement and the fixation by means of system known connection means can also be performed in combination.

Like this in the FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown, the layers 1 according to the embodiment offset from each other, so that the tightness and the stability and rigidity of the building wall element are further improved. Alternatively, the layers 1 may not be arranged offset to one another.

The structural and physical properties of the building wall element can by the number of layers 1, the dimensions of the timber 2, the dimension of the interstices 6 between the layers 1, the execution of the connector 5, the arrangement of the layers 1 to each other and the choice of the wood desired requirements are adjusted as desired. In this case, in the building wall element according to the invention the symmetry conditions usually required in timber construction can be disregarded. Furthermore, at least one gap 6 between two layers 1 with insulating material or the like. filled out.

Although the building wall element may be designed asymmetrically according to certain requirements, the overall dimensions of the building wall element remain substantially constant despite shrinkage and swelling of the timbers 2. Due to the construction according to the invention, each wood 2 of a layer 1 can move in its thickness direction (direction C) and width direction (direction B) without changing the overall dimensions of the building wall element. The well-known disadvantage of wood, namely its directed change in volume, has added the structure of the invention no negative impact on the overall system. There is no subsidence and no warping, so that the tightness of the building wall element is maintained.

The invention can be applied not only to structures arranged substantially vertically or horizontally (e.g., walls and ceilings) but also to sloping constructions (e.g., roof structures).

In the building wall element according to the invention, the woods of a layer may be connected with respect to their widthwise direction by means of a plug connection (for example a groove-comb connection). This results in a windproof connection between the woods of a layer, which improves the heat and sound insulation.

Also, a structure is possible in which, for example, the outer layer has plug connections, whereas the remaining layers have no connections. For low building physics requirement can be dispensed with the connector. In the case of high requirements, however, foreign materials, such as insulating or sealing materials, can be incorporated between the woods of a layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the connection of the woods of a layer is essentially by an increase in volume due to swelling of the strips used. The number of strips used can vary as desired according to the desired requirements. A fixation due to increase in volume of the strips is done by the moisture content of the strips is lowered below the moisture content of the woods and the dried strips are inserted into the opposite continuous grooves. The dimensions of the strip and the groove are dimensioned so that a non-positive connection between the woods of a layer and the bar is achieved as a result of the volume change generated by the wood moisture balance. The fixation of the layers in the longitudinal and the width direction of the wood is done by positive engagement with the strips. In this preferred embodiment, a einstoffliches building wall element, which can be referred to as Reinverbund.

To fix the system additional connection means can be used if the moisture balance and thus the increase in volume of the bar has not yet taken place. In addition, the groin may be subjected to a suitable treatment to increase the swelling effect.

In another embodiment variant, the strip, which is designed as a ridge strip, fixes the layers and the woods only in two directions, i. in the direction of strength and in the longitudinal direction of the woods. If the increase in volume of the strip is dispensed with, the fixing of the wood to the strip can be achieved by using other connecting means known per se. Of course, the fixation by means of volume enlargement and the fixation with the connecting means can also be carried out in combination.

Furthermore, a building wall element can be provided with space and without space between the layers. The structure of the invention allows any number of layers and thus any number of air spaces.

In this way, even without additional insulating materials, an excellent heat transfer coefficient (U value [W / m ² K], early k value) and excellent sound insulation can be achieved.

In the embodiment with intermediate space, a substantially static layer of air is created between the layers, which increases the thermal insulation of the component. The distance between the layers forming this static air layer should be less than 5 cm in the building wall element in order to avoid air convection. For the laminated wood panel, this distance can be up to approx. 50 cm. A gap between the layers can also be filled with insulating materials, such as wood fiber boards, sand, in bedding, etc., ceilings. The spaces between the layers can also be used for gas, water, and electrical installations, etc.

The building wall element or the wood layer composite panel need not be symmetrical. For example, the woods of an outer layer may have larger cross-sectional dimensions than the woods of an inner layer. Furthermore, the distance between the layers can be adjusted according to the desired building physics requirements.

The high static and dynamic load capacity of the building wall element according to the invention enables multi-storey house construction.

Several load-bearing layers result in a high fire resistance class. In Reinverbund can not metal parts or glue joints due Heat effect lose its function.

The smaller in comparison to the block design cross sections of timber reduce damage to a minimum, which can be caused by the known in block house warping.

The inventive construction of the building wall element allows a good yield of roundwood. The outer areas of the round timber can be used in the building wall element as a ridge strip.

The timbers can be sawn or planed. The outer surfaces of the woods are possible in visual quality.

Since the building wall element can only be made of wood (Reinverbund), good building physics properties result. For example, there may be no emissions caused by binding materials. Since the building wall element according to the invention furthermore requires no vapor barrier, etc., a moisture exchange can take place through the building wall element.

The layers of the building wall element according to the invention consist essentially of identical parts, that is, all woods can be the same and all ridge strips can be the same. The rectilinear connectors and the grooves can be easily milled into the woods. Consequently, the building wall element can be easily machined with a large degree of automation is possible.

Claims (23)

1. A use of a structure wall element comprising at least two layers (1), which comprise pieces of wood (2), which are arranged in said layers next to one another and which are connected to one another by means of grooves (3) and edge ledges (4) fixedly inserted therein, which are located opposite one another, in such a manner that the grain flow of said pieces of wood (2) runs parallel or inclined to the main load direction.
2. The use of a structure wall element according to claim 1, wherein pieces of wood (2), which are respectively adjacent to one another in said layers, have a plug-in connection (5) comprising at least one projection (7, 9; 7a; 9a), which runs along the length of said pieces of wood (2), and are in mutual engagement so as to form a seal, wherein the front surface of the respective projection (7, 9; 7a; 9a) is spaced apart from the respective piece of wood (2) opposite thereto, and forms an expansion joint (11; 11a).
3. The use of a structure wall element according to claim 2, wherein said edge ledge (4) permeate into at least one respective portion, which is engaged so as to form a seal.
4. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said edge ledges (4) are pressed against groove-defining surfaces of said grooves (3) by means of a volume increase caused by moisture expansion, so that a fixed connection of said pieces of wood (2) and of said at least two layers (1) is attained.
5. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a fixing of said pieces of wood (2) and of said at least two layers (1) is attained by means of connecting means, which penetrate at least one side surface of said edge ledge (4) and of said pieces of wood (2).
6. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fixing of said pieces of wood (2) and of said at least two layers (1) is attained by means of glue bonding.
7. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said structure wall element is made up of different types of wood.
8. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one gap (6), the size of which in thickness direction can be between 0 cm and 5 cm, is located between said at least two layers (1).
9. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein insulating material is located in at least one gap (6) between two layers (1).
10. The use of a structure wall element according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an angle between said groove (3) and said grain flow of said pieces of wood (2) is a right angle.
11. A use of a wood layer composite panel comprising at least two layers (1) of pieces of wood (2), which are arranged next to one another in said layers and which are connected to one another by means of grooves (3) and edge ledges (4) fixedly inserted therein, which are located opposite one another, wherein the grain flow of said pieces of wood (2) is parallel to the planes of said at least two layers (1) in such a manner that the main load direction runs perpendicular to said planes.
12. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to claim 11, wherein said wood layer composite panel consists of at least three layers (1).
13. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to claim 11 or 12, wherein pieces of wood (2), which are respectively adjacent to one another in said layers, encompass a plug-in connection (5) comprising at least one projection (7, 9; 7a; 9a), which runs along the length of said pieces of wood (2) and are in mutual engagement so as to form a seal, wherein the front surface of the respective projection (7, 9; 7a; 9a) is spaced apart from the respective piece of wood (2) opposite thereto, and forms an expansion joint (11; 11a).
14. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to claim 13, wherein said edge ledges (4) permeate into at least one respective portion, which is engaged so as to form a seal.
15. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein said edge ledges (4) are pressed against groove-defining surfaces of the grooves (3) by means of a volume increase caused by moisture expansion, so that a fixed connection of said pieces of wood (2) and of said at least two layers (1) is attained.
16. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 15, wherein a fixing of said pieces of wood (2) and of said at least two layers (1) is attained by means of connecting means, which penetrate at least one side surface of said edge ledge (4) and of said pieces of wood (2).
17. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the fixing of said pieces of wood (2) and of said at least two layers (1) is attained by means of glue bonding.
18. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 17, wherein it is made up of different types of wood.
19. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 18, wherein at least one gap (6), the size of which in thickness direction can be between 0 cm and 50 cm, is located between at least two layers (1).
20. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 19, wherein insulating material is located in at least one gap (6) between said layers (1).
21. The use of a wood layer composite panel according to one of claims 11 to 20, wherein an angle between said groove (3) and said grain flow of said pieces of wood (4) is a right angle.
22. A structure comprising
    a structure wall element, which is provided as an element of a wall or ceiling or of a roof, comprising at least two layers (1), which comprise pieces of wood (2), which are connected to one another by means of grooves (3) and edge ledges (4) fixedly inserted therein, which are located opposite one another, wherein the grain flow of said pieces of wood (2) runs parallel or inclined to the main load direction,
    and/or comprising
    a wood layer composite panel, which is provided as an element of a wall or ceiling or of a roof, comprising at least two layers (1) of pieces of wood (2), which are arranged next to one another in said layers and which are connected to one another by means of grooves (3) and edge ledges (4) fixedly inserted therein, which are located opposite one another, wherein the grain flow of said pieces of wood (2) is parallel to the planes of said at least two layers (1) and the main load direction runs at right angles to said planes.
23. The structure according to claim 22, produced by means of a use according to one of claims 2 to 10 and/or 12 to 21.

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