EP0848774A2

EP0848774A2 - Half-timbering system and framework elements and method of producing a framework element

Info

Publication number: EP0848774A2
Application number: EP96939806A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dragica Graf
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-09-06
Filing date: 1996-09-04
Publication date: 1998-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2016-09-04
Also published as: DE59606782D1; CA2231350A1; EP0848774B1; ATE200544T1; US6032434A

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE96/01649 Sec. 371 Date May 8, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date May 8, 1998 PCT Filed Sep. 4, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/09492 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 13, 1997What is disclosed is a half-timber frame, compartment elements for a like half-timber frame, and a method for producing a compartment element, wherein boards of small-dimension timber are utilized for producing the half-timber frame supports as well as the compartment elements, such that a product which is considerably more economical than conventional solutions while having comparable thermal and acoustic insulation is obtained.

Description

description

FRAMEWORK AND GEFACHEELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A GEFACHELEEMENTS The invention relates to a framework for supporting a partition element according to the preamble of patent claim 1, wall elements for such a framework and a method for producing a partition element.

The half-timbered construction has been used for the construction of residential buildings for several centuries, a half-timbered field being formed by vertical bars, transverse bars (lower chord, upper chord) and possibly diagonal bars, which are filled in with suitable wall or partition elements. While the framework frames are designed from a static point of view, the partition elements are usually designed for optimal thermal insulation. In the old half-timbered buildings, these partition elements were made of clay / brick elements or other mineral building materials.

Nowadays, the half-timbered construction is still found in wooden buildings, the half-timbered frame being made from solid wooden beams, while the partition elements usually consist of two spaced-apart, platelike cover layers and the space between these cover layers is insulated from a bed or is filled in by foaming.

To create the truss girder for the truss frame, beams made of core-separated small timber are used, so that a certain minimum thickness of the tree trunk is required in order to be able to produce a beam with the predetermined dimensions and with the predetermined strength. For this purpose, the outer layers of the tree have to be sawn off until the rectangular basic shape of the beam has a smooth surface. surface areas results. This manufacturing method has the disadvantage that considerable quantities of sawn timber are produced, which is usually reduced in size at most and processed into chipboard or other inferior products.

The half-timbered construction in the conventional form also requires careful drying of the core-separated small pieces of timber, since if the half-timbered beams are not properly dried, there is a risk that they will warp due to fluctuations in temperature and humidity, so that the half-timbered walls will crack.

A disadvantage of the partition elements used in the conventional timber frame construction is that only a lack of strength can be achieved. In the case of insulation fillings and insulation foams, it may happen that the entire space is not filled, so that only an inadequate or uneven insulation effect can be achieved. Compartment elements, in particular filled with fillings, can only be reworked afterwards with extreme difficulty, since if the partition element is cut, the fill can at least partially escape. Another disadvantage of the known partition elements is that small animals, such as martens or small rodents, can penetrate into the space between the two cover layers.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of creating a truss and partition element for such a truss, in which sufficient strength and thermal / acoustic insulation can be achieved with minimal expenditure of material. This object is achieved with respect to the framework by the features of claim 1 and with regard to the partition elements by the features of claims 6 and 14 respectively. Claim 12 relates to a method for producing a partition element according to claim 6. The framework according to the invention, which was developed by Ms. D. Graf, is to be called "framework 2000".

The truss according to the invention is characterized in that the truss girders (for example cross bar, vertical bar, diagonal bar) are made from several interconnected planks, so that small timber that could not be used in the conventional design can also be used to create the truss girder , since the small wood cross-section was too small to produce one-piece beams with the required cross-sectional dimensions.

While in the conventional half-timbered construction the corner connection of the half-timbered girders was made by slot and tenon connections, which were incorporated into the solid material of the heartwood and thus required considerable manufacturing effort, the tenons and slots in the solution according to the invention can be easily broken or interrupted Extend the planks. The lattice girders can thus be manufactured at a considerably lower cost than the conventional construction, since on the one hand class II or III timber can be used, which were not previously intended for such high-quality uses, and on the other hand the work involved in creating the slots and Pins (grooves and tongues) could be simplified considerably compared to the conventional production method. Since no heartwood is used in the framework according to the invention, tearing and deformation of the framework beams cannot occur. The type of construction according to the invention also makes it possible for a large proportion of the construction volume to be provided with one's own contribution, so that the overall construction costs can be reduced.

The truss girders are particularly easy to manufacture if they are formed from three planks - a central plank and two outer planks surrounding them. Through this three-layer or optionally multi-layer structure of the truss girders, the slots of the bars can be produced by shortening, resetting or removing the central planks and the pins by resetting the outer planks in the longitudinal or transverse direction in accordance with any combination of features of claims 3 to 5.

The first partition element according to the invention used for such a framework has a multi-layer structure, each layer consisting of a board layer, an insulation layer formed thereon and a spacer slat layer. The next layer of a plank layer, an insulation layer and a further spacer slat layer is then supported on this spacer slat layer. It is particularly preferred if the spacer slat layer rests on the insulation layer, so that the latter can be applied over the entire surface of the board layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the two cover layers of the partition elements are each formed by a plank layer, the spacer battens ensuring that the predetermined spacing of the plank layers is always guaranteed. Since the insulation layer is applied over the entire surface and held by the spacer slats, the insulation and thus an uneven insulation effect is excluded.

The spacer slats have the further advantage that small animals cannot penetrate into the spaces between the cover layers.

To create the plank layers, weak woods of class II and III can again be used, so that the material costs for the manufacture of the partition elements are likely to be significantly lower than with conventional partition elements, in which either high-quality woods were used as cover layers or cheap Press materials that are neither comparable in terms of strength nor in terms of insulation effect to the board layer according to the invention.

Depending on the application, you can use one or both

Top layers (outer plank layers), further finishing layers are formed as visible surfaces. In this

Final layer can then have recesses for receiving

Sanitary / air conditioning / electrical equipment are trained.

The individual layers and layers of a compartmental element are advantageously connected by suitable connecting means such as nails or staples.

The subordinate claim 12 relates to a particularly simple method for producing the aforementioned partition element according to the invention.

In this method, an assembly frame is preferably used for old buildings, on which a first board layer is first placed. In new buildings, a prefabricated wall structure is used as a mounting frame turns. An insulation layer is then applied to this board layer, which is preferably designed as an insulation mat. The spacer slats are then placed, their longitudinal axis running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boards. This is then followed by further layers, it being preferred that a total of three layers of boards, insulation layer and spacer slat layer are provided. A final board layer is then applied as a top layer to the spacer slat layer of the nth layer. After this multilayer structure has been formed, a pressure is applied to it so that the insulation layers are pressed together slightly, it being provided that each insulation layer is pressed together by about 5 to 10 mm. The multilayer structure compressed in this way is then fixed by suitable connecting means, such as, for example, clips or nails, so that the structure forced by the pressing process is retained after relieving pressure.

In a final work step, the bevel element can be cut to size, whereby due to the full-surface insulation layer and the multiple subdivision over the spacers, practically no empty spaces can arise and the required strength is also maintained.

In the second compartment element according to the invention, a multilayer structure is likewise formed by a multiplicity of adjoining cross layers, each cross layer being formed by two wooden boards, each with three machined peripheral edges and one bark edge. The wooden boards of each transverse layer are arranged so that the edges of the bark lie opposite one another, so that the outer edges of the transverse layer are formed by the peripheral edges of the two wooden boards. In other words, with this relative arrangement of the two wooden boards, the two bark edges form a parting line running approximately along the center line of the transverse layer.

In an advantageous embodiment, this parting line can be filled with insulation material.

The transverse layers are connected to one another along their large areas by suitable connecting means, such as, for example, by means of adhesive or by nails or staples.

By omitting one or more adjacent wooden boards of the transverse layers, space can be formed for the installation of supply facilities.

The partition elements according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously as wall, ceiling or roof panels.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the other subclaims.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are in. the following with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a timber frame house. Fig. 2 is a partial exploded view of a

Truss framework;

Figures 3 to 6 bars of the framework of Fig. 2;

7 shows the corner area of a truss construction; 8 shows a three-dimensional representation of a corner region of a truss structure;

9 shows a mounting frame for the bars of the truss frame from FIGS. 3 to 5; Fig. 10 shows the layer structure of a first

Embodiment of a partition element for the truss from Fig. 1;

FIG. 11 shows a three-dimensional representation of the partition element from FIG. 10; 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment of this partition element as a non-load-bearing wall;

13 shows an exemplary embodiment as an outer wall;

Figures 14 to 16 an embodiment of the partition element as a roof element;

17 shows a cross section through a second partition element according to the invention made of transverse layers;

18 shows the structure of a transverse layer of the compartment element from FIG. 17; FIG. 19 shows an exemplary embodiment of the compartment element from FIG. 17 as a floor structure;

20 shows an exemplary embodiment of the partition element from FIG. 17 as a floor / ceiling structure;

21 shows an exemplary embodiment of the compartment element from FIG. 17 as the outer wall;

22 shows an embodiment of the partition element as a ceiling between the ground floor and the upper floor, and

23 shows a cross section through a wall with particularly good insulation from partition elements according to FIG. 17.

1 shows a greatly simplified three-dimensional representation of a timber house 1 manufactured in a half-timbered construction. The walls of the wooden house 1 are formed by a truss structure 2, so that a plurality of truss frames or truss fields are formed, which are filled out by partition elements 4. As can be seen from the dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, sections of the roof construction can also be formed by partition elements 4 according to the invention. Of course, the floor and ceiling constructions (ground floor, upper floor) can also be formed from the framework according to the invention, which is filled out with compartment elements 4 by a suitable embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows the main structural elements of a truss frame in schematic form. A truss frame for supporting an individual partition element 4 has two cross bars 6, 8 (upper chord, lower chord) which form the upper or lower limit of the truss frame. The two cross bars 6, 8 are connected by vertical bars, only the left vertical bar 10 being shown in the illustration in FIG. 2. The right vertical rod has in principle the same structure as the vertical rod 10 and is only rotated by 180 ° about the longitudinal axis.

The bars 6, 8 and 10 have in common that they have a three-layer structure consisting of three plank or board layers. In the following, the boards of the individual layers are referred to as planks, the term "planks" being used to refer to profiled wood, preferably made from weak woods. Each bar 6, 8, 10 consists of a central plank 12 and two outer planks 14, 16, which are arranged on both sides of the central plank 12. The planks 12, 14, 16 are connected by suitable connecting means, such as nails or clips (not shown). As can be seen from FIG. 2, the end sections of the outer planks 14, 16 of each cross bar 6 are extended beyond the respectively adjacent end section of the central plank 12, so that a central recess is formed on the end faces of the cross bar 6, which serves as a slot 18 for a pin / slot connection.

Depending on the width of the crossbar 6, the central plank 12 can also be provided with one or more interruptions 20, 20 ',

20 '' are formed, these interruptions also as slots for receiving a pin for the

Serve truss connection.

As further indicated on the upper cross bar 6, the outer planks 16 in the case of long cross bars 6 can also be made from sub-elements 16a, 16b which are connected to one another via a gusset plate 22.

This construction variant also opens up the possibility of using short pieces of wood, so that up to 70% of a barked tree, which falls under the pieces of class II and III, can be used for the manufacture of the framework.

In the vertical bar 10 shown on the left in FIG. 2, the central plank 12 is extended on both sides in the axial direction with respect to the two outer planks 14, 16, so that a pin 24 is formed by the protruding part of the central plank 12, which connects to the slots 18 at the end sections the crossbar 6 is adapted.

The two outer planks 14, 16 are also in

Transverse direction (transverse to the longitudinal axis) with respect to the central plank 12, so that along the left

(View according to Fig. 2) a longitudinal edge through the protruding formed side edge of the central plank 12 formed longitudinal pin 26.

The framework frame schematically indicated in Fig. 2 can be easily put together by the

Pin 24 of the side parts 10 in the associated slots

18 are inserted and then a corresponding fixation by nails, screws or clips.

Since three further slots 20, 20 ', 20' 'are formed by comparatively short, spaced-apart central plank elements 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d in the framework frame according to FIG. 2, it is particularly advantageous to cut or very short Use light wood elements as central planks.

FIGS. 3 to 6 show further exemplary embodiments for vertical bars which can be used in such a framework frame.

3 shows a vertical bar 28 in which the central plank 12 projects beyond the two outer planks 14 and 16 in the longitudinal direction on both sides, so that in turn two pins 24 are formed on the end sections. In contrast to the vertical rod 10 from FIG. 2, the central plank 12 is set back in the transverse direction with respect to the outer planks 14, 16, so that a longitudinal slot 30 is formed on the side edge of the vertical rod 28, into which the longitudinal pin 26 of the vertical rod 10 from FIG. 2 can dip.

FIG. 4 shows a central rod 32 for a truss frame according to FIG. 2, the central rod 32 being insertable into the slots 20, 20 ', 20''. In the case of such a central rod 32, only the central plank 12 is extended on both sides with respect to the two outer planks, so that the pins 24 form at the front end portions for insertion into the slots 20, 20 ', 20''.

FIG. 5 shows the vertical rod 10 from FIG. 2 from a different viewing direction, whereby - as already mentioned - this vertical rod 10 can be used to limit the left and right frames of a truss.

By assembling the vertical bars shown in Figures 3 and 5, i.e. by inserting the longitudinal pin 26 into the longitudinal slot 30, a corner element 34 can be formed, as shown in FIG. 6. The vertical bars 10, 28 of the corner element 34 are joined together by screw connections 36 or other suitable connecting means.

On the corner elements 34 formed by the vertical bars 10 and 28, two contact surfaces 36 and 38 are formed for the side edges of the partition element 4.

7 shows a corner area of a truss structure, the corner element 34 being formed by a vertical bar 10 with the longitudinal pin 26 and by the vertical bar 28 with the longitudinal slot 30 into which the longitudinal pin 26 is immersed.

A contact element 4, which is only indicated in FIG. 7, then adjoins the contact surface 36 formed on the vertical rod 10 and which in turn extends up to a central rod 32 according to FIG. 4.

On the contact surface 38 of the vertical rod 28, a spacer board 40 can be provided optimally, which in turn is followed by a partition element 4, the construction of which is described in more detail below. Between the distance board 40 and the partition element 4 or the contact flat 36 and the partition element 4, a suitable intermediate layer, such as a mineral fiber layer or PU foam, can be provided.

The upper end of the corner region shown in FIG. 7 is again made by cross bars 6, which are pushed with their slots (18-20 ") onto the assigned pins 24.

The compartment element shown in FIG. 7 is provided with an outer shell 45, which will be described in more detail below.

8 shows a corner area three-dimensionally from the inside. Just as in the previously described truss area, the corner element 34 is formed by the vertical bar 10 with longitudinal pins 26 and a vertical bar 28 'with a longitudinal slot 30. The vertical bar 28 'from FIG. 8 differs from the vertical bar 28 from FIG. 3 in that the two pins 24 are not formed, so that the total height of the vertical bar 28' is equal to the length of the central plank 12 of the vertical bar 10 is.

The pins 24 of the vertical bar 12 are inserted into the associated recesses 20 of the lower left (FIG. 8) cross bar 8. The horizontal bar 8, which runs horizontally in FIG. 8, lies flush against the contact surface 38 of the vertical bar 28 '. The pin 24 of a central rod 32 is inserted into the recess 20 'of this transverse rod 8, so that the partition element 4 can be inserted between the central rod 32 and the vertical rod 28 and the upper (FIG. 8) surface of the transverse rod 8. FIG. 9 shows an assembly table 44, with the aid of which the vertical bars shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 and the transverse bars 6 and 8 can be produced.

This assembly table 44 is made of square profiles in a cassette design, longitudinal profiles 46 and transverse profiles 48 together forming a support grate for the planks of the bars.

End parts 50 to 53 running approximately parallel to the longitudinal profiles 46 are formed on the end sections of the transverse profiles 48.

These end parts have two stop strips 54, 56 running in parallel spacing and in the longitudinal direction (parallel to the longitudinal profile), between which an intermediate space is formed which corresponds to the wall thickness of a central plank 12. The depth T of the stop bars 54 corresponds to the length of the pins 24.

In order to be able to produce different rod lengths, the end parts 51 and 53 are arranged displaceably on the assigned transverse profiles 48.

In the manufacture of the bars, an outer plank 14 is first placed on the longitudinal profiles 46, the length of the outer plank 14 corresponding to the distance between the end parts 50 and 51, so that the end faces of the outer plank 14 rest against the stop bar 56. Subsequently, a central plank 12 is inserted between the two stop strips 54, 56 in the direction of arrow Z until it is arranged in the predetermined relative arrangement on the outer plank 14 already positioned. In other words, in this reference position, the two end sections of the central plank 12 plunge into the space between the two stop bars 54 and 56. Then an outer plank 16 inserted between the end parts 50, 51, positioned with respect to the central plank 12 and the outer plank 14 and then connected by suitable connecting means (adhesive, nail, clamp). The frame according to the invention ensures that the planks 12, 14, 16 are designed dimensionally and in the predetermined relative position to one another, so that no further processing is required. In order to ensure the angularity, the frame can also be provided with a cross stop 58 against which the longitudinal edges of the planks can be brought into abutment.

A first exemplary embodiment of a partition element 4 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.

10 shows an exploded view of a multilayer compartment element with three layers.

Each layer S consists of a plank layer 60 which is formed from a multiplicity of planks 62 which abut one another and which in turn are made from weak wood. An insulation layer 64, for example conventional mat-shaped insulation material from Rockwool® or natural materials, such as sheep's wool or straw panels etc., is applied to the board layer 60. The insulation layer 64 can also be provided with a vapor barrier.

A plurality of spacer slats 68 arranged in parallel spacing from one another are then placed on this insulation layer 64, the longitudinal axis of which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boards 62. This layer S is then followed by two further layers S 'and S ", which in turn have the same structure as the layer S. The outer cover layer of the partition element 4 is covered by a final board layer 68 formed, the structure of which corresponds to the other three board layers of the partition element 4.

As already mentioned at the beginning, this multi-layer structure is pressed together by a suitable pressing device and then joined together by nails 71 or other suitable connecting elements, these pushing through the boards 62, the spacer slats 66 and the insulation layer 64.

Since the insulation layer 64 is continuous, the formation of cold bridges between the adjacent board layers 60 is reduced to a minimum, so that excellent thermal insulation can be achieved. Due to the multilayer structure and the comparatively large mass, the partition elements 4 according to the invention also achieve excellent sound insulation.

The finished partition element 4 is shown in FIG. 11, the outer cover layers being formed by the board layer 60 or the final board layer 68. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the insulation layers 64 are designed to be continuous, although a smaller layer thickness is established in the area of the spacer slats 66, but this only leads to a negligible deterioration in the insulation effect. By providing the spacer slats 66, small animals cannot penetrate into the spaces between the board layers 60, so that the disadvantages of the prior art in this regard are also eliminated. The compartment elements 4 can be produced in any size, a standard element having a length of 2400 mm, a width of 600 mm and a thickness (in the finished state) of approximately 190 mm. Such a partition element 4 has a weight of approximately 68 kg / m ² . The heat transfer value K is at 2.76 W / m ² * K. The partition element corresponds to fire protection class F30.

This partition element 4 was also inserted into the truss construction according to FIG. 8.

One of the outside planks 60, 68 can be provided with an outer shell 45 (see FIG. 7). The outer shell 45 can consist, for example, of a chipboard 70 (see FIG. 7), a counter battens 74 arranged thereon and panels 76 fastened thereon, the joints of which are covered by butt plates 78. Since such outer shells 45 are already known from the prior art, further explanations are unnecessary.

FIG. 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a partition element 4 according to the invention, which can be used, for example, to form non-load-bearing, light inner walls. In this light partition element 4, only one layer S is formed, which in turn consists of a board layer 60, spacer slats 66, an insulation layer 64 and a final board layer 68. In contrast to the previously described exemplary embodiment, the insulation layer 64 is not formed continuously over the entire cross-sectional area of the board layer 60, 68, but rather only between the adjacent spacer slats 66, so that no insulation is provided in the region of the spacer slats. Such weakening of the insulation layer is, however, acceptable in the interior area. Each spacer bar 66 can be formed by two spacer bar elements 66 ′, 66 ″ lying one on top of the other.

12 is produced in the same way as in the previously described written compartment element 4, so that further designs can be dispensed with.

13 shows an outer wall which is formed with the framework system according to the invention. That is, the truss frame is defined laterally by two vertical bars 26, at its upper end section by a cross bar 6 and at its lower end section by an invisible cross bar 8, the width of the trusses being limited by central bars 24 which are connected to the Cross bars 6, 8 are attached (see Fig. 2).

The truss fields formed in this way are fanned out by three partition elements 4. A flush, largely flat outer surface is defined by the board layers 68 of the three compartment elements 4 and the adjacent side surfaces of the rods 6, 8, 26, 24, on which a counter battens 74 is fastened, which is transverse to the longitudinal direction the board layer 68 runs. An outer panel layer 80 is fastened to the counter battens, the separating joints of the outer panel plates being covered by panels 82 which indicate a framework.

To stabilize the bond, the support surface for the counter battens 74 extending panicle ribbons 84 can also be applied, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 run in the diagonal direction.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show a roof element 86 which is formed from a plurality of partition elements 4, 4 ', 4''. The compartment elements 4, 4 ', 4''are connected by panicle strips 84, which are applied to the cover layers formed by the board layers 60, 68. In turn, gusset plates 22 are provided on the side edges of the partition elements 4, 4 ' squared timbers are attached. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 15, the front end of each compartment element 4 is formed by two squared timbers 86 ', 86''arranged one above the other (view according to FIG. 15), which together form a step or a joint. On the other end face there are also two squared timbers 87 'arranged offset from one another. 87 '', the step on the right end face in FIG. 15 pointing upward (FIG. 15), while the step on the left end face pointing downward, so that when such partition elements 4 are joined together at the end face, a joint-shaped contact section between them two adjacent compartment elements 4, 4 'are formed. The layer structure of the partition elements 4, 4 ', 4''can take place in any manner with one or more layers S according to the previously described exemplary embodiments.

Such roof elements have the advantage that the inside of the roof no longer has to be boarded up. On the board layer forming the outer wall, only battens need to be provided for receiving the roof tiles or another roof covering.

Of course, a vapor barrier can be formed in a known manner on the inner board layer, and a diffusion-open film can be applied to the outer board layer, so that optimal moisture insulation is ensured.

As can be seen from FIG. 16, the roof elements 84 shaped in this way are inserted between adjacent rafters 88 of a roof truss 90.

Insulating material and / or fire protection strips (fire protection behavior according to DIN 4102) can be inserted between the planks of the bars. FIGS. 17 to 23 show a further exemplary embodiment of a partition element 4 that can be used in the manufacture of a wooden house according to FIG. 1.

17 shows a cross section through such a partition element 4. Accordingly, this partition element consists of a plurality of transverse layers 91 which extend transversely to the large areas 92 of the partition element 4. The large number of transverse layers 91 are connected by suitable connecting means, such as, for example, nails, staples or by point-like glue connections - for example by means of quark-lime glue.

Each transverse layer 91 consists of two wooden boards, hereinafter referred to as layer boards 94, 96.

18 shows the production of such a transverse layer 91 with the two layer boards 94, 96.

Accordingly, a plurality of boards are sawn out of a class II or III small timber, only one of which is shown in FIG. 18. Such a small wood board 98 thus has two bark edges 99, 100 which are predetermined by the outer surfaces of the small wood. The large areas 102 and the end faces 104 are processed by the cutting process and, if appropriate, by a subsequent planing process, while the bark edges 99, 100 are only debarked, freed from the bast and dried (<9% residual moisture). If the requirements are particularly high, the bark edges can also be processed. This small timber board 98 is sawed apart in the middle along the dash-dotted line in FIG. 18, so that two board halves 94, 96 are obtained. The board half 96 is then rotated through 180 ° about its transverse axis (transverse to the longitudinal axis) and placed next to the other board half 96 such that the bark edge 100 is opposite the bark edge 99.

By this rotation of the board half 94, the taper of the small wood rod can be compensated for, so that an almost rectangular board results, whereby 99 100 predetermined dimensions can be maintained by appropriate reworking or alignment of the bark edges. The element from the board halves 94, 96 shown on the right in FIG. 18 thus results in a transverse layer 91 with the layer boards 94, 96 of the surface element 4 according to FIG. 17. The separating joint between the two bark edges 99, 100 can be made as desired be filled with insulating material. As a rule, however, a predetermined distance will be provided here.

The inventive configuration of the cross layer 91 made of small wood boards 98 means that over 70% of a small wood trunk can be used to create such cross layers 91. As a result, a high-quality partition element can be manufactured with minimal expenditure on material and production. The procedure according to the invention makes it possible to use wind break, inter alia, wood to produce high-quality components. The transverse layers 91 allow plate elements with external dimensions of, for example, 400 mm in width and up to 9 m in length to be produced. Of course, other dimensions, such as, for example, sheets with a size of 2x2 m, can also be produced, the cross-layer thickness depending on the function being approximately 100 to 250 mm. 19 shows an example of use of this partition element 4 according to the invention as a floor structure. This is a ground floor, in which the construction shown in Fig. 19 is placed on the prefabricated concrete floor instead of a screed layer. First, a plurality of squared timbers 106 arranged parallel to each other are fastened to the concrete floor and the partition element 4 or a plurality of these partition elements 4 according to the invention are applied in the transverse direction, the side edges of the transverse layer 91 removed from the squared timber 106 being planed . This planed layer then forms the floor of the ground floor. A weld path can be provided between the concrete and the square timbers 106. The spaced squared timbers 106 enable optimal ventilation of the concrete floor.

20 shows a similar exemplary embodiment, in which the partition element 4 is placed as a ceiling element on the beam layer 108 of the ceiling structure.

By planing the upper side edges of the transverse layer 91 shown in FIG. 20, a finished floor can again be created, which - if desired - can also be provided with a covering.

By omitting one or more layer boards, a recess 109 can be formed in the partition element 4, in which devices for the sanitary, air conditioning and / or heating supply can be provided.

21 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the partition elements 4, 4 ′, 4 ″ according to the invention are used to fill out a framework, of which only the vertical bars 10 can be seen. When used as an outer wall, the parting line between the bark edges 99, 100 (see FIG. 17) can be filled with mineral fiber. On the lower large surface of the truss structure (vertical bars 10 and partition elements 4 to 4 ″) shown in FIG. 21, which forms the inner wall I, supporting planks 110 are placed in parallel spacing, between which an insulation 111 is provided. A cross lath 112 with - as an option - interposed further insulation 114 is then formed on the support boards 110. An inner wall, for example a wooden paneling, plasterboard or plaster base, can then be attached to the cross battens 112.

Of course, the insulation 111 can also be provided on the outer wall A in the reverse manner. This embodiment is preferred in practice because the dew point should be shifted as far as possible to the outside.

22 shows an embodiment in which the compartment elements 4, 4 ″, 4 ″ ″ are fastened between supporting boards 116.

A floor covering is then applied to this composite construction made of supporting boards 116 and partition elements 4, 4 ″ and 4 ″ ″, which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of third-party sound insulation 118 and any floor structure 120 (parquet, clinker, etc .) can exist. In this embodiment, the support plates 116 are formed by the unplaned ceiling beams on the ground floor.

23 shows a particularly "luxurious" design of an outer wall. This outer wall is formed by six partition elements 4 to 4 according to the invention, which are designed as formwork of a corresponding framework with double walls. From this framework only cross sections of the vertical bars 10 can be seen.

23, two wall sections 122, 123, which are formed from the partition elements 4, 4 ', 4' 'and 4' '', 4 '' '', 4 '' '' ', are arranged at a parallel distance from one another. arranges, the outer wall being formed by the compartment section 122 and the inner wall being formed by the compartment section 123. The parting line between the two Gefa¬ che elements 122, 123 is designed as an air gap with a width of about 2 to 4 cm.

Devices for fastening an outer shell or inner layers can in turn be provided both on the inside and on the outside. Furthermore, by omitting one or more layer boards, space for supply facilities can be created. This variant is comparatively expensive, but exhibits outstanding heat and sound insulation properties, which makes it seem sensible to use it in high-quality buildings with high requirements for heat and sound insulation.

The above-described partition elements 4 can of course also be used to fill out conventional half-timbered structures and in particular when renovating old buildings.

A particular advantage of the system according to the invention is that the client can make a considerable contribution of his own and that the cost of materials can be reduced to a minimum by using small wood. By using the inventive According to the truss system with the Gefa¬ che elements according to the invention, a market for the practically useless weak woods is created, which can be processed immediately after the attack and no longer need to be stored in the forest. As a result of these reduced storage times, pests, such as, for example, the wood trestle or the wood wasp, no longer have time to attack the small sticks, so that treatment of the small sticks with pesticides can be dispensed with.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Truss for supporting a partition element (4), with vertical bars (10, 28, 32) at a distance from one another, which are connected by spaced transverse bars (6, 8) to form a truss frame, the connection of the bars (10, 28, 32; 6, 8) via slot-like / tooth-like toothing (24; 18, 20), characterized in that the bars (10, 28, 32; 6, 8) by at least three interconnected planks (12, 14 , 16) are formed, the slots (18, 20) being formed by resetting or interrupting a central plank (12) and the pegs (24) by extending or widening the central plank (12) with respect to two outer planks (14, 10) .

2. Truss according to claim 2, characterized in that the bars (10, 28, 32; 6, 8) by three planks, i.e. the central plank (12) and the two outer planks (14, 16) are formed.

3. Truss according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the central plank (12) of a first vertical bar (10) protrudes the two outer planks (14, 16) in the longitudinal direction on one or both sides and in the transverse direction on one side, so that a longitudinal pin (26) is formed on one side edge and one or two longitudinal slots (10) (10) is or are formed in the longitudinal direction.

4. Truss according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzelch- net that the central plank (12) of a second vertical bar

(28) is set back along a side edge with respect to the outer planks (14, 16), so that a longitudinal slot (30) is formed on the side edge.

5. Truss according to claim 4, characterized in that the central plank (12) or the outer planks (14, 16) Overhangs on both sides, so that one or two pins (24) are formed in the longitudinal direction.

6. partition element, in particular for a framework according to one of the preceding claims, with a first cover layer (60), a second cover layer (68) and an insulation arranged therebetween, characterized by a layer structure of n layers (S) (n > 1), consisting of - a board layer (60) with a plurality of boards (62) made of wood arranged in parallel to one another,

- An insulation layer (64) and

- A spacer layer of spacers (66) spaced from each other.

7. partition element according to claim 6, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the spacer bars (66) rest on the insulation layer (64).

8. partition element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the first cover layer by the board layer (60) of the first layer and the second cover layer by an on the spacer battens (66) of the nth layer brought additional board layers ( 68) are formed.

9. partition element according to one of claims 6 to 8, da¬ characterized in that on one or both cover layers (60, 68) further end layers (70, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82) are arranged.

10. partition element according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that recesses for the installation of plumbing and / or air conditioning and / or electrical equipment are formed in an end layer (70, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82).

11. compartment element according to one of claims 6 to 10, da¬ characterized in that the layers (S, S ', S' ') and layers (60, 64, 66) by connecting means such as nails (71), brackets and the like. are interconnected.

12. A method for producing a partition element (4) according to one of claims 6 to 11, comprising the steps:

- Forming a first layer (S) by: a) placing a board layer (60) made up of a plurality of boards (62) arranged next to one another on a mounting surface, preferably an assembly table; b) placing an insulation layer (64) on the board layer (60); and c) placing a spacer slat layer made of spacer slats (66) at a distance from one another;

- Formation of n further layers (n> 1) after steps a) to c);

- Forming a cover layer from a board layer (68) according to step c) on the nth layer; - pressing the multilayer structure together; and

- Connecting the layers (S) and layers (60, 64, 66) by connecting means (71).

13. The method according to 12, characterized in that the partition element (4) is cut to size after the pressing step.

14 compartment element, in particular for a framework according to one of claims 7 to 11, with a plurality of transverse layers (91) extending transversely to the compartment surface (102), each transverse layer (91) by two wooden boards (94, 96) with two cut end faces (104), a cut longitudinal edge and a bark edge (99, 100), which is preferably debarked and freed from bast, and the bark edges (99, 100) of the two Wooden boards (94, 66) are arranged opposite one another in the transverse layer (91).

15. partition element according to claim 14, characterized gekennzelch- 5 net that the bark edges (99, 100) are arranged at a distance from each other and that this distance can be filled by an Isolati¬ onsmaterial.

16. Compartmental element according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the transverse layers (91) are connected to one another by connecting means such as nails or clamps or by adhesive.

17. compartment element according to one of claims 14 to 16, 15 characterized in that space for the installation of plumbing and / or air conditioning and / or electrical devices is formed by omitting a Holz¬ board or a wooden board section.

20 18. partition element according to one of claims 6 to 11 or 14 to 17, characterized in that the Gefachee¬ elements (4) are wall or ceiling or roof panels.