EP3682067B1 - Brick - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a brick made of wood for producing a brick composite, in particular masonry.

As part of efforts to build structures from ecologically sustainable building materials, wood and wood-based materials are increasingly being used. The use of wood offers a number of advantages over building with brick and concrete. The pleasant living climate in a wooden house is primarily created by the moisture-regulating properties of the wood. From an ecological point of view, wood is advantageous because it is a renewable raw material that is also unproblematic in terms of disposal and recycling. Buildings made of solid wood are characterized above all by their short construction times. Since the wood does not contain any moisture during installation, there are no long drying times, so that a good living climate can be found right from the start. Furthermore, the use of wood leads to a good thermal insulation value.

However, the disadvantage of using wood-based materials for the erection of building walls made of wood construction elements is the fact that the construction elements have to be laboriously cut to size, e.g. to create a wooden frame wall on site, and must be set up, erected or assembled by specialists, for which usually construction cranes and other heavy equipment is required.

So-called wooden bricks have already become known, which can be placed on top of one another in the manner of conventional bricks in order to build masonry. This type of construction is easier to implement because it is possible to work without skilled carpenters. Usually such wooden bricks consist of solid wood and are therefore heavy, expensive and difficult to handle. Furthermore, the connection between the wooden bricks is not satisfactorily solved.

From the WO-A-03 102325 a brick made of wood is known.

The present invention is therefore aimed at creating building blocks with which the erection of masonry and entire buildings can be accomplished quickly, easily and at low cost, it being possible to work essentially without tools. Furthermore, modern low-energy standards should be met and the masonry should therefore have a high insulation value.

The object is achieved by a brick made of wood with the features of claim 1. The brick according to the invention is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and lightweight because its load-bearing structure is essentially only two comprises parallel brick walls delimiting a cavity, which are connected to one another with at least one web and are held at a predetermined normal distance from one another. The bricks are laid next to each other like bricks in order to obtain a row of bricks, and a large number of such rows of bricks are laid on top of one another to obtain masonry. The bricks are designed in such a way that their walls adjoin one another in the horizontal as well as in the vertical direction essentially without a gap when placed next to one another and on top of one another, the brick walls of adjacent bricks being aligned with one another and in this way a flat outer surface and a flat inner surface of the masonry.

Because the brick walls and the web are each formed by at least one wooden panel, a simple structure is achieved which has a high degree of dimensional stability and a high load-bearing capacity. The plates lying on edge on top of one another, which form the brick walls, can transfer and absorb extremely high loads with a relatively low weight.

In order to connect the bricks to one another, the invention provides that the parallel brick walls have a stepped seam on the edge for the brick walls of brick walls lying next to one another and for the brick walls of brick walls lying on top of one another to overlap. With the help of the respective stepped rebate, a form-fitting connection of bricks lying next to one another and bricks lying on top of one another is achieved in a simple manner. The step seams are designed so that the bricks are secured in position relative to one another in a direction transverse to the plane of the brick walls. At the same time, the rebate facilitates the mutual positioning of the bricks when laying, so that an aligned arrangement of the brick walls of adjacent bricks is guaranteed.

Because the bricks are preferably only connected to one another by form-fitting connections, not only a simple construction, but also a simple dismantling is easily possible.

In the context of the invention, the term wood is understood to mean solid wood or a wood-based material, unless stated otherwise. Wood-based materials are materials that are produced by chopping wood and then joining the wood particles together to form structural elements. The size and shape of the wood particles determine the type of wood material and its properties. The wood particles are usually joined together with binding agents. Typical products made from wood-based materials are chipboard and fibreboard.

The web connecting the two parallel brick walls is formed by at least one plate which is preferably arranged at right angles to the plates forming the parallel brick walls. The connection of the at least one web to the parallel brick walls can take place by means of a form-fit connection, by gluing and / or by separate connecting means, such as nails, screws or staples, so that an angle-stable connection takes place. With bricks with If the longitudinal extent is greater, the arrangement of at least two, such as two, three or four webs, is preferred in order to ensure a stable and angularly rigid construction. The webs are then arranged at a distance from one another and preferably evenly distributed over the longitudinal extent of the bricks. In particular, the bricks are placed one on top of the other in such a way that the webs of bricks lying on top of one another are aligned with one another in the vertical direction and lie on top of one another, so that a vertical load transfer can take place not only over the brick walls but also over the webs.

In order to connect the mutually aligned webs of masonry stones lying on top of one another, provision is made for the webs to have a first form-locking element on at least one edge area and a second form-locking element on at least one opposite edge area, which is brought into form-locking connection with the first form-locking element of a brick above or below can be. The design is provided in particular in such a way that the form-fit elements form a form-fit connection that acts transversely to the plane of the webs.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the at least one web has edge regions enclosing an obtuse angle with one another. The formation of an obtuse angle at those edge regions of the web with which the web in question rests on a web of an underlying brick or on which the web of an overlying brick rests, the edge regions of webs lying on top of one another being preferred are designed congruently, leads to a load transfer via two inclined surfaces, i.e. via contact surfaces running diagonally to the (vertical) load path, whereby opposing reaction forces arise at the inclined surfaces enclosing an obtuse angle, which act in the sense of self-centering with equalization of the reaction forces and thus a stabilizing effect exhibit. This is particularly the case when, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment, a plane running in the vertical direction forms a plane of symmetry of the obtuse angle.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the edge regions enclosing an obtuse angle with one another have a stepped rebate for the webs of superimposed masonry stones to overlap. The superimposed edge areas of the webs of superimposed bricks thereby form a form fit acting transversely to the plane of the webs, whereby bricks lying on top of one another are secured against relative displacement in the event of a shear load transversely to the webs.

Since the stepped seams of the edge areas of the webs are designed to form positive-locking connections that are effective in mutually opposite directions, the masonry blocks lying on top of one another are secured against relative displacement in both directions in the event of a shear load. One edge area forms a form fit in one direction transverse to the web level and the adjacent edge area forms a form fit in the opposite direction transversely to the web level.

The form fit formed by the stepped rabbets of the brick walls, which acts transversely to the plane of the brick walls, can also be designed to act in opposite directions. For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the steps formed by the stepped rabbets of the brick walls are essentially mirror images of a central plane of the brick.

A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the brick walls are each formed from at least two preferably adjacent wooden panels, the wooden panels preferably consisting of a wood material. Chipboard panels and / or fiber wood panels and / or insulating wood panels can be used here as wood-based panels.

It is preferably provided that the two wooden panels have edges that are offset from one another in order to form the stepped seams. In order to realize both the rebate acting between the bricks lying next to one another and the rebate acting between the bricks lying on top of one another by the aforementioned offset of the two wooden panels, the offset of the panels is provided both in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction.

According to a preferred embodiment, a first of the two brick walls forms a water vapor diffusion barrier and preferably has an air layer thickness (sd value) equivalent to water vapor diffusion according to DIN 4108-3 of> 1500 m. The formation of a water vapor diffusion barrier is particularly preferred on the brick wall that comes to lie on the inside of a room of a building made of the brick in the installed state. The diffusion barrier can be achieved, for example, by using fiber wood panels, in particular coarse chipboard (OSB panels), in particular those of the OSB / 4 quality in accordance with the EN 300 standard. Two such fiber wood panels are preferably provided lying next to one another, each fiber wood panel preferably having a thickness of 12-25 mm, in particular 18 mm.

The first brick wall can also carry a drywall on the outside, which is facing the inside of the building. The drywall is preferably designed as a conventional plasterboard.

The second brick wall can, if it is intended for the outside of the room, be equipped with a facade element. In this case, the second brick wall comprises a panel made of a wood material and a facade panel which is held at a distance from the wood material panel by means of spacers.

A second of the two brick walls is preferably designed to be open to water vapor diffusion and preferably has an air layer thickness (sd value) equivalent to water vapor diffusion according to DIN 4108-3 of <0.5 m. The formation of a brick wall that is open to diffusion is particularly preferred on that brick wall which, in the laid state, comes to lie on the outside of a building constructed from the brick. This can preferably be achieved in that the second brick wall has an inner wood-based panel and has an outer wood fiber insulation board. The inner wood-based panel is preferably designed as chipboard or fiber wood panels, in particular coarse chipboard (OSB panel), in particular OSB / 2 quality in accordance with the EN 300 standard, and can have a thickness of 12-25 mm, in particular 18 mm. The inner wood-based panel can be perforated. The outer wood fiber insulation board can have a thickness of 35-45 mm, in particular 40 mm. The wood fiber insulation board can be provided with an external plaster.

Alternatively, the second brick wall can comprise two panels, of which an inner panel can be designed as a wood-based panel, preferably as chipboard or as fiber wood panels, in particular coarse chipboard (OSB panel), in particular one of the quality OSB / 2 according to the EN 300 standard and can be a Have a thickness of 12-25 mm, in particular 18 mm. The outer panel is preferably designed as a facade panel and is held at a distance from the inner panel. The outer panel is preferably designed as a compact panel, such as an HPL panel (High Pressure Laminate), in which several papers soaked with melamine and phenolic resin are pressed together and with a cover layer under pressure and temperature.

The at least one web is preferably made of solid wood, preferably made of spruce wood.

To achieve good thermal insulation, it is preferably provided that the cavity between the two parallel brick walls is provided with an insulating material, preferably a natural insulating material, in particular made of one Cellulosic material, is filled, wherein the insulating material is preferably present as a loose insulating material.

A modular system for erecting buildings can be constructed from the brick according to the invention. The modular system here comprises bricks of different lengths, a first brick having a first longitudinal extension, preferably a longitudinal extension of 250 mm, a second brick twice the longitudinal extension of the first brick, possibly a third brick the triple longitudinal extension of the first brick and possibly one fourth brick has four times the length of the first brick. The first brick has a web and the second brick has two webs which are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds to the longitudinal extension of the first brick, preferably 250 mm, etc. In general, in a brick with a plurality of webs, it is provided that these are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds to the longitudinal extension of the first brick, preferably 250 mm. This ensures that the webs of bricks lying one above the other are also aligned with one another when bricks of different longitudinal extension are used or when the bricks lying one above the other are arranged offset in the longitudinal direction.

The modular system preferably further comprises bricks of different heights, at least two different heights being provided.

The modular system preferably further comprises bricks that form an inner corner or an outer corner.

The modular system preferably further comprises thresholds, window reveals, overlays, end strips and / or intermediate strips.

The thickness of all bricks of the modular system is preferably chosen to be the same and can be, for example, 250 mm.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawing. In these show Fig. 1 a perspective view of a first embodiment of the brick, Fig. 2 a view according to arrow II of FIG Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a view according to arrow III of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 a view according to arrow IV of Fig. 1 , Fig. 5 three bricks put together to build a wall, Fig. 6 a side view according to the arrow VI of the arrangement according to Fig. 5 , Fig. 7 a second version of the brick, Fig. 8 a view according to arrow VIII of FIG Fig. 7, Fig. 9 a view according to arrow IX of Fig. 7, Fig. 10 a third version of the brick, Fig. 11 a fourth version of the brick, Fig. 12 a brick to form an inner corner, Fig. 13 a brick to form an outside corner and Fig. 14 an alternative formation of a brick.

In the Figs. 1 to 4 A brick is denoted by 1 and comprises two parallel brick walls delimiting a cavity, the first brick wall being formed by the two plates 2 and 3 and the second brick wall being formed by the two plates 4 and 5. Plates 2 and 4 are congruent when viewed normal to the plane of the plate. The plate 3 is the same size as the plate 2, but in Compared to panel 2, offset downwards and to the right, so that there is a stepped rebate on all four edges of the first brick wall. The plate 5 is the same size as the plate 4, however, compared to the plate 4, it is also offset downwards and to the right, so that there is a stepped fold on all four edges of the second brick wall. The panels 3 and 5 are congruent, viewed normally on the panel plane, so that the step folds of the first brick wall are the same size as the step folds of the second brick wall, but have the same effect. The first and the second brick wall are connected to one another with two webs 6 and 7 and are kept at a predetermined normal distance from one another, so that a cavity 12 is formed between the first and the second brick wall. The webs 6 and 7 each consist of two superimposed plates 8 and 9 or 10 and 11. All four plates are parallelogram-shaped, the parallelograms of the plates 8 and 9 being mirror-symmetrical with respect to the central plane of the brick. The same applies to the plates 10 and 11. This results in opposing step folds on the inclined upper and lower edges of the webs 6 and 7.

If the first brick wall forms a wall on the inside of the room, it is preferably made diffusion-tight and the panels 2 and 3 are made of, for example, 18 mm thick OSB / 4 quality OSB panels in accordance with the EN 300 standard. If the second brick wall forms a wall on the outside of the room, this is preferably made diffusion-open and the panel 4 is formed, for example, from an 18 mm thick OSB panel of the quality OSB / 2 in accordance with the EN 300 standard. The plate 5 can be designed as a wood fiber insulation board and have a thickness of 40 mm. the Wood fiber insulation board can be provided with an external plaster. The plates 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the webs 6 and 7 can be made of solid wood, for example spruce, and have a thickness of 15-20 mm. The panels can be designed, for example, as 3-layer panels, ie as a panel that consists of three glued laminated wood layers.

The cavities 12 are preferably filled with a thermal insulation material.

In Figures 5 and 6 a row of lower bricks is indicated, this being exemplarily formed by two bricks 1a and 1b lying next to one another, which are placed side by side. An upper brick 1c is arranged offset on the brick row. The bricks 1a, 1b and 1c are designed as in FIGS Figs. 1 to 4 shown. It can be seen that the first and second brick walls of the bricks 1a and 1b overlap with their side edges facing each other and therefore form a form-fitting connection by means of the respective stepped rabbets. Furthermore, it can be seen that the first and second brick walls of the bricks 1a and 1b on the one hand and the first and second brick walls of the brick 1c on the other hand with their upper and lower edges facing each other overlap and therefore form a form-fitting connection by means of the respective stepped seams.

At the same time, the stepped seams formed on the inclined edges of the webs 6 and 7 of the bricks 1a and 1b lying on top of one another on the one hand and 1c on the other hand interlock, so that a further form fit is created, which in the direction transverse to the plane of the webs 6, 7 acts and prevents a shift of an upper row of bricks in relation to a lower row of bricks in the direction transversely to the web level. In order to enable the described interlocking of the stepped seams of the webs 6,7 even when the bricks of an upper row are offset from the bricks of a lower row, it is provided that the distance between the webs of a brick is chosen so that this is the Sum of the distances between the outer webs and the closest edge.

In the Figures 7 to 9 an alternative embodiment of a brick 13 is shown, which has half the length of the brick 1 and therefore only comprises a single web 6.

In Fig. 10 a modified design of a brick 14 is shown, the length of which corresponds to three times the length of the brick 13 and therefore has three webs 6,7,15.

In Fig. 11 a modified embodiment of a brick 16 is shown, the length of which corresponds to four times the length of the brick 13 and therefore has four webs 6,7,15,17.

The bricks 1, 13, 14 and 16 form a modular system for erecting buildings, with the bricks being freely combinable with one another. For this purpose it is provided that the individual module types of the bricks have a length which is an integral multiple of the length of the shortest brick.

In Fig. 12 Another brick 18 is shown, with which an inner corner of a building can be formed.

In Fig. 13 another brick 19 is shown, with which an outside corner of a building can be formed.

To the trainings according to Figures 7 to 13 It should be noted that the basic structure of brick walls, slabs and webs is the same.

Fig. 14 shows based on a brick type accordingly Fig. 1 a modified structure, which is also used with the brick types of the Figures 7 to 13 can be realized. The same reference numerals are used for brick 20 as for brick 1, provided that the corresponding components match. The modified structure of the brick 20 provides that the second, outer brick wall has, instead of the plate 5, a facade plate 21 which is fastened to the plate 4 with the aid of spacers 22. However, the size and position of the facade panel 21 corresponds to the size and position of the panel 5.

Claims (12)

1. Brick made of wood for producing a brick assembly, in particular brickwork, comprising two parallel brick walls (2,3,4,5) delimiting a cavity, which are connected to one another with at least one web (6,7,15,17) and are held to each other at a predetermined normal distance, wherein the brick walls (2,3,4,5) and the web (6,7,15,17) are each formed by at least one wooden panel, wherein the parallel brick walls (2,3,4,5) at the edge comprise a rabbet for the overlapping of the brick walls (2,3,4,5) of adjacent bricks (1,13,14,16) and for the overlapping of the brick walls of bricks (1,13,14,16) lying on top of one another, characterized in that the at least one web comprises a first form-locking element on at least one edge area and a second form-locking element on at least one opposite edge area, which can be brought into a form-locking connection with the first form-locking element of a brick arranged thereover or thereunder.
2. Brick according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one web (6,7,15,17) has edge areas which enclose an obtuse angle with one another.
3. Brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the edge areas enclosing an obtuse angle with one another have a rabbet for the webs (6,7,15,17) of superimposed bricks (1,13,14,16) to overlap.
4. Brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the rabbets of the edge areas of the webs (6,7,15,17) are designed to form positive-locking connections effective in mutually opposite directions transversely to the plane of the webs.
5. Brick according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the steps formed by the rabbets of the brick walls (2,3,4,5) are essentially mirror images in relation to a central plane of the brick (1,13,14,16).
6. Brick according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the brick walls (2, 3, 4, 5) are each formed from at least two preferably adjacent wooden panels, the wooden panels preferably consisting of a wood material.
7. Brick according to claim 6, characterized in that the two wooden panels (2, 3, 4, 5) have edges that are offset from one another to form the rabbets.
8. Brick according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a first of the two brick walls (2,3,4,5) forms a water vapor diffusion barrier and preferably comprises a water vapor diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness (sd value) according to DIN 4108-3 of > 1500 m.
9. Brick according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that a second of the two brick walls (2,3,4,5) is designed to be open to water vapor diffusion and preferably comprises a water vapor diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness (sd value) according to DIN 4108-3 of < 0.5 m.
10. Brick according to claim 9, characterized in that the second brick wall (4,5) comprises an inner wood material panel and an outer wood fiber insulation panel.
11. Brick according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one web (6, 7, 15, 17) consists of solid wood, preferably of spruce wood.
12. Brick according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cavity is filled with an insulating material, preferably a natural insulating material, in particular made of a cellulose material, the insulating material preferably being present as a loose insulating material.

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