EP3287570A1 - Wood-concrete composite element for use as ceiling, floor or wall in a building - Google Patents

Abstract

Wood-concrete composite element (1) for use as a ceiling or floor or wall in a building, comprising a base plate (2), an opposite cover plate (3) and a core (7) arranged between base plate (2) and cover plate (3) from a concrete filling. The bottom plate (2) and the cover plate (3) are each formed from a plurality of juxtaposed wooden beams (5). The bottom plate (2) and the cover plate (3) each have on their inside at least one elongated groove (8) which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams (5). The long groove (8) of the bottom plate (2) and the long groove (8) of the cover plate (3) are congruent and arranged to each other so that they are aligned and form a channel (9) which is filled with the concrete filling.

Description

The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite element having a wood portion and a concrete portion for use as a ceiling or floor or wall in a building.

In the construction industry, the trend is clearly towards resource-saving construction methods, in which wood is preferred as a constantly renewable raw material. Many houses are therefore made of wood, because this material has many positive properties, for example, offers good thermal insulation, easy to assemble and in a short time to produce. The ceilings and floors and walls are also often made of wood. Here, board-plywood or board pile ceilings are used, which can be connected by glue. Advantageous are a high disk effect and a particularly high strength and load capacity. However, the use of glue makes ecological construction possible only to a limited extent. For sound insulation, an additional weighting (additional layer) must be applied locally.

If a glue connection is dispensed with in the case of cross laminated timber ceilings or board pile ceilings, ecological construction can be achieved, but the load-bearing capacity and deflection behavior are worsened. A disk effect can be achieved not only conditionally, if instead of the glue connection wood dowels or a screw connection are used. When it comes to board pile ceilings, the appearance of many builders is criticized.

Instead of the pure wooden ceiling and wood-concrete composite ceilings are known, which are used in combination in wooden buildings. The use of these wood concrete composite ceilings currently takes place mainly in the rehabilitation area. The combination of wood as a renewable raw material and concrete enables an energy-saving, cost-efficient, stable and durable construction. In particular, in floor slabs such wood-concrete composite ceilings are used, wherein a layer of wood is combined with an overlying concrete layer. The two layers are joined together using special screws or glued sheets. Such a ceiling is made directly on site, initially a board pile ceiling, wood beam ceiling or cross laminated timber ceiling is installed in the house and then a concrete layer is poured over it. This combination makes it possible to create ceilings with good sound insulation and good fire protection behavior. However, the production is complex and must take place on site. However, this is rewarded by the fact that, compared to conventional wood construction with statically non-effective weighting, the applied concrete layer is statically involved and thus the load is compensated by a higher load capacity. with a significantly higher load capacity compared to pure wooden ceilings. As a result, a significant reduction in the deadweight at similar carrying capacity compared to pure concrete or reinforced concrete ceilings is achieved.

The object of the present invention is to propose a ceiling construction which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to show a wood-concrete composite ceiling, which has improved properties.

The present object is achieved by a wood-concrete composite element having the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 15.

The wood-concrete composite element according to the invention can be used for use as a ceiling, floor or wall in a building, in particular in a wooden house or in solid houses. The wood-concrete composite ceiling comprises a bottom plate and an opposite cover plate and a core arranged between the bottom plate and the cover plate of a concrete filling or possibly cement-bonded grit filling. Base plate and cover plate are preferably each formed from a plurality of juxtaposed wooden beams. The bottom plate and cover plate thus form a wooden layer, which is mainly called (upper and lower) belt layer, board layer or core layer. The wooden beams used are referred to by experts as Gurthölzer or only as wood.

Base plate and / or cover plate each have on their inner side preferably at least one elongated groove (also called Kerve), which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams. The long groove preferably has a rectangular cross section, but may also have a round or other cross section. The inside of the cover plate or bottom plate is the side which is aligned with the respective opposite plate and thus to its corresponding inner side. The two insides are thus directly opposite.

The long groove of the bottom plate or the cover plate form a not necessarily open channel, which is filled with the concrete filling. The long groove is closed at its open side, so that a closed channel is formed, which has the concrete core. The long groove is preferred by the opposite plate is covered and closed. The channel then preferably has the same depth as the long groove.

Alternatively and preferably, the bottom plate and the cover plate each have a long groove. Base plate and cover plate are preferably designed and arranged such that the elongated groove of the bottom plate and the elongated groove of the cover plate are preferably congruent and aligned with each other so that they form the channel which is filled with the concrete filling. In this case, a channel is created whose depth is greater than the depth of the long groove, preferably twice as large.

The channel is a not necessarily rectangular channel. Preferably, however, the channel has a rectangular cross section and is closed at the top, since it is formed from the two opposite long grooves. Of course, the individual channels may have different dimensions and may not all be the same. The same applies to the grooves and long grooves.

The wooden beams preferably used for the formation of the bottom plate and top plate are preferably elongated, substantially parallelepipedic pieces of wood with two opposite major sides, two opposite longitudinal sides, which are formed by one of the long narrow sides of the wooden beam, and two opposite front sides, that of the short narrow sides of the wooden beam be formed. The length of the wooden beam results from the length of the main side or the length of the long narrow side. It defines the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam. The width is the width of the main page or the longitudinal orientation of the front, so the short narrow side, while the height is formed by the smaller longitudinal extent of the long side. One of the main sides of the wooden beam is an inside facing the inside of the opposite wooden beam. On the inside of the wooden beam, a groove is arranged, which extends transversely to the longitudinal extent of the wooden beam between the two opposite longitudinal sides. The groove thus runs over the entire width of the wooden beam. Several mutually aligned grooves of the longitudinal sides contacting each other wooden beams then form the long groove of the bottom plate and the long groove of the cover plate. This long groove is also called Kerve in the technical term. It is a recess, which is preferably formed by machining, for example by milling.

In a preferred embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element, the wooden beams of the base plate and the wooden beams of the cover plate are arranged offset transversely to their longitudinal direction. A wooden beam of a plate thus overlaps with two opposite wooden beams of the opposite plate. In other words, a wooden beam of the bottom plate overlaps two wooden beams of the cover plate, while at the same time a wooden beam of the cover plate overlaps two beams of the bottom plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the wooden beams overlap such that a wooden beam can be connected to two opposite wooden beams. The connection is made via at least one connecting element. Fasteners may be nails, screws, wood dowels, bolts or other wood fasteners, such as those known in the art. Also, other connecting elements, such as narrow plates, would be conceivable.

Preferably, the groove in the wooden beam has a depth which corresponds to at least 20% of the height of the wooden beam. The height of the wooden beam is equal to the height of the long side of the beam. Further preferred is a depth of the groove of at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, and most preferably at least 35% of the height of the longitudinal side of the wooden beam. In this way, enough volume is made available for the concrete core.

Alternatively, the dimension of the groove depth can also be considered in absolute terms. At a height of the wooden beam of at least 6 cm, preferably 8 cm and very preferably 10 to 12 cm, a groove depth of at least 1.5 cm shown as the lower limit in practical use. Preferably, the depth of the groove is at least 2 cm, more preferably at least 2.5 cm, particularly preferably at least 3.5 cm. For wooden beams with 12 cm height and above, groove depths of at least 4 cm may be provided.

To ensure the stability of the base plate and cover plate, the depth of the groove must not exceed a maximum limit. It has proven in practice to be useful if the groove depth is a maximum of 50% of the height of the wooden beam, ie 50% of the height of the long side of the wooden beam. Particularly preferably, the groove depth is at most 45%, very preferably at most 40% and more preferably at most 35% of the height of the longitudinal side of the wooden beam. In absolute terms, the groove depth can be limited to a maximum of 6 cm, which limit must be seen on a wooden beam with a height of 12 cm or at least 10 cm. Preferably, the groove depth is at most 5.5 cm, more preferably at most 5 cm, 4.5 cm or 4 cm, the value of 4 cm is considered as the maximum value for wooden beams of at least 7 cm or 8 cm in height.

In a preferred embodiment, the groove of the wooden beam is at least 5 cm wide, more preferably at least 10 cm. In practice, grooves with a width of 15 cm, 20 cm or 25 cm have been found to be very suitable. Grooves of at least 30 cm width, preferably at least 35 cm width are preferably used when the wooden beam has a length of more than 2 m, preferably more than 3 m. A ratio of depth of the groove to width of the groove is preferably from 1 to 2 to 1 to 5, more preferably to 1 to 7 or 1 to 10.

In a further preferred embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element, a groove is arranged in the end region in the wooden beam. The end area is the area of the wooden beam, which extends from the end to a maximum of 100 cm distance. For wooden beams of less than 3 m in length, the end area is defined to be about 50 cm. The groove in the wooden beam is arranged in this end area, so that the long groove of the bottom plate and the cover plate is also formed in an end region. The distance of the groove from the adjacent end of the wooden beam, so from the end closest to the groove is at least equal to the width of the wooden beam, preferably at least 15 cm with a beam length up to 3 m, very preferably at least 20 cm. Particularly preferred is a distance of 20 to 30 cm, which has proven in practice even with a beam length of over 3 m is particularly suitable.

The groove distance from the nearby end of the wooden beam is preferably at most 70 cm, more preferably at most 50 cm. At beam lengths and thus at lengths of the wood-concrete composite element of less than 3 m, a groove spacing from the nearby end of the beam or from the edge of the composite element of preferably at most 30 cm or 25 cm has proven to be advantageous.

According to the invention, the wood-concrete composite element has at least one channel between the bottom plate and the cover plate. However, it has proved to be advantageous if a channel is provided at both ends of the wood-concrete composite element. For this purpose, the individual Holzbal-ken at both ends depending on a groove, which is preferably arranged in the end region of the wood beam. Particularly preferably, the respective distance of the groove to the adjacent end of the wooden beam, ie to Nahliegenden end of the wooden beam, the same or substantially the same. In a particular embodiment, the above distances of the grooves apply to both sides.

In practice, an embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element has proved to be particularly advantageous in which two grooves in the wooden beams are arranged side by side. The bottom plate and the cover plate thus have two longitudinal grooves. Particularly preferred are two longitudinal grooves in the respective edge region of the bottom plate and the cover plate. Thus, the wood beams preferably each have two grooves in the end region of the respective ends. The wood-concrete composite ceiling thus has a total of four channels with concrete filling, wherein of course more than four channels can be arranged in the composite element, for example 6, 7, 8 or more.

Particularly preferably, the distance of two adjacent grooves in the wooden beams at least 40% of the width of the groove, more preferably at least 50% of the width of the groove and very preferably at least 60% of the groove width. In practice, this results in distances of the adjacent grooves of preferably at least 5 cm, very preferably at least 10 cm, 15 cm or 20 cm, wherein the distances preferably depend on the length of the wooden beams. For wooden beams of 3 m length and more, distances of two adjacent grooves of at least 20 cm have been found to be advantageous.

Preferred is a wood-concrete composite element in which the long grooves formed by the grooves are lined with a film or film-like layer. The film-like layer may be made of plastic, for example. Also, a paper layer or a thin release paper can be used, which is inserted into the long grooves. In this way, the concrete is prevented from coming into contact with the wooden beam, since the film or layer is arranged between concrete and wooden beams. Moisture from the still moist concrete can thus not penetrate into the wood. The layers or the release paper may be secured in the elongated grooves or be self-retaining by suitable shaping.

The wood-concrete composite element according to the invention, which is used for example as a ceiling, floor or wall in houses or buildings, connects two opposing layers of wood (base plate and cover plate) with a concrete filling in a channel, a so-called concrete knob in a new way. This creates an ecologically high-quality product that manages without glue and without glue. Only natural building materials are used. The CO2 balance of the two building materials and wood remains neutral or even positive by the increased use of wood. The thus formed composite element with the channel-like concrete core has a stiffness that is twice as large as the previous, glue-free composite ceilings, in which Wood and concrete, for example, be connected by wooden dowels, screws or nails. By enclosing the concrete core between the two layers of wood a very good connection of the two elements is ensured. If a steel reinforcement inserted into the channel, so that a reinforced Betonknagge arises, a disc effect without crossed wood layers is ensured, which can otherwise be achieved only in crossed wood layers and glue joint.

The two wooden layers (cover plate and base plate) are screwed together by vertical screws. In addition screws are guided through the concrete catches. Especially with Stahlarmiertem concrete core screws are screwed vertically through the core with the wood. As a result, a lateral swelling of the wood layers transverse to the fiber under the action of moisture, for. B. during assembly prevented. This offers a great advantage over the previous solutions where wood cross layers were used in cross laminated timber ceilings to prevent swelling. Particularly in the case of board pile ceilings without crosslaps, the source effect is enormous and must always be taken into account in the production

The wood-concrete composite element according to the invention has the advantage that both the bottom and the top are made of wood. Thus, all common wood fasteners can be used in the installation.

In a preferred embodiment, the two wood layers, so the bottom plate and the cover plate, arranged offset from one another. Thus, a side rabbet connection between two wood-concrete composite element is made possible. During manufacture, the last wooden beam is formed in a narrower version on one side of one of the plates. This narrow wooden beam is removed after solidification and curing of the concrete core, so that a step-shaped edge connection is formed. At this stage, the protruding wood part (wooden beams) of the adjacent wood-concrete composite element is arranged. By simply screwing It is possible to realize a fast and cost-effective and, as it were, very effective connection.

In addition to the advantage of processing through the two wooden sides of the composite element, so by the wooden ceiling and the wooden floor, also creates a visually very beautiful picture. On the one hand, such a blanket can be left untreated (for example on a wooden soffit). On the other hand, the top can be used as the floor of the floor above. Bottom of the bottom plate can be used as a visible wooden ceiling to offer a high-quality aesthetic impression, especially in buildings with wood vision requirements.

In a further preferred embodiment, the bottom plate and the cover plate or the wooden beams of the corresponding plate further recesses on its inner side. In these recesses, a soundproofing layer is introduced, which may for example consist of concrete or lean concrete or a cement-bound chippings. Such an intermediate layer serves for sound insulation. The recess on the inner sides of the bottom plate and cover plate has a smaller depth than the grooves that form the channel for the concrete core. In this way, the weight is only slightly increased. Due to the integrated intermediate layer for sound insulation, the wood-concrete composite elements no longer have to be additionally weighted on the upper side, for example by an additional soundproofing layer. The room height is not reduced by an additional soundproofing layer and the construction time during the construction of the building is not extended because the soundproofing element is already integrated. The soundproofing layer inside the wood-concrete composite element does not contribute to the rigidity Also, the preferred wood-concrete composite element with intermediate layer can be completely factory-made and only needs to be laid on the construction site. Another advantage of this formed as a deposit intermediate layer is the fact that the element is smoke-tight, since the joints are sealed.

Alternatively, an insulating layer can be inserted into the cavity formed by the recess when the heat-insulating requirements are higher than the sound insulation requirements.

Another advantage of the solid intermediate layer (e.g., concrete, lean concrete, grit, etc.) is also increasing the storage capacity of room heat of the component. It therefore has a very positive effect on the indoor climate.

According to the invention, the production of a wood-concrete composite element comprising a base plate, a cover plate and a concrete filling core arranged between the base plate and the cover plate comprises several steps, which are given below. Some of the steps can also be used in a different order.

First, elongate, substantially parallelepiped-shaped wooden beams with two opposite, long main sides whose longitudinal extent is significantly greater than their transverse extent, two opposite longitudinal sides, the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal extent of the main side and two opposite front sides are provided. On one of the main sides of the wooden beam at least one groove is generated in the transverse direction of the wooden beam from one longitudinal side to the opposite longitudinal side. The main side with the groove becomes the later inside of the wood-concrete composite element. Preferably, the groove is produced by means of a milling cutter. Optionally, bores may already be provided at this stage or later, in which later fasteners, e.g. Screws for screwing the bottom and top plate or the individual wooden beams used or screwed.

In a further step, a plurality of wooden beams are placed side by side in such a way that two wooden beams with their longitudinal sides abut each other, wherein the grooves of two adjacent wooden beams are aligned. By this arrangement, a bottom plate is formed having a long groove extending from the first to the last wooden beam. Optionally, the Langnut with a film-like layer, such as a paper layer or release paper designed to prevent the ingress of moisture from the fresh concrete into the wood. Optionally, the wooden beams, which form the bottom plate, can be clamped together.

In a next step, the cover plate is formed by arranging a plurality of wooden beams side by side so that adjacent longitudinal sides touch and the grooves of the wooden beams are aligned such that a long groove is formed. The wooden beams are arranged opposite the bottom plate such that the grooves of the wooden beams of the bottom plate oppose the grooves of the wooden plates of the top plate, whereby the two long grooves of the bottom plate and the top plate face each other and form a closed channel extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams.

Preferably, the arrangement of the wooden beams of the cover plate is offset by a half beam width offset from the wooden beams of the bottom plate.

The wooden beams are connected to opposite wooden beams, creating a wooden composite element with an unfilled channel. Optionally, a steel reinforcement may be introduced in the channel to form a reinforced concrete core. Also optionally, the channel can be closed on at least one side, preferably on both sides.

In a further step, the channel is filled with concrete through a filling opening, is a complete filling is done. One or more filling openings can be provided in the cover plate (or base plate), for example, before the base plate and cover plate are screwed together. Optionally, the filling can be assisted by a vibration of the composite element, so that a complete filling is ensured. For example, the composite element may be level. Alternatively, it is also possible to store the composite element vertically such that the channel can be filled by one of the channel ends.

The filling openings, which are preferably arranged in the cover plate, are closed after the preferably complete filling of the channel with concrete, preferably after hardening of the concrete, for example by a wooden pin. Once the concrete has cured, the fasteners can be removed at the channel ends. The wood-concrete composite element can be delivered.

Optionally, further method steps may be provided. For example, recesses can be produced in the individual wooden beams into which an insulating layer or a soundproofing layer, for example of concrete, can be filled. Of course, it is also possible to generate the grooves in the wooden beams or the recess in the wooden beams only when several wooden beams are placed against each other and braced with each other. Once a recess for the filling material of the intermediate layer is formed, the recess of the bottom plate can be filled with the lean concrete. This is preferably done when no cover plate is mounted. The concrete used is usually so stiff that it does not flow away. The same applies to a cement-bonded loose fill or an optional insulating material.

Of course, the recess may be provided only in the wooden beams of the bottom plate. Alternatively or additionally and also preferably, the recess is provided in the wooden beams of the cover plate.

When using an intermediate layer for sound insulation or thermal insulation to touch the bottom plate and the cover plate not directly but only on the concrete core or the intermediate layer. For reasons of stability, filling wood is therefore preferably inserted into the recess in order to produce a height leveling. In addition, in the field of filling wood, the upper and lower belt layer (ie the wood layers base plate and cover plate) can be easily bolted together. In addition, filling wood can be positioned on the sides of the channel, so that the concrete filling for the concrete core does not run, especially not the material of the intermediate layer shifts and displaces. Preferably, several fillers are placed between the bottom plate and the top plate. Their distance is variable. Among other things, they can also serve stability if necessary. In practice, it has proven to be advantageous to arrange a maximum of four filling wood between the two channels in wood-concrete composite elements.

The recesses for receiving the soundproofing material or thermal insulation material preferably also extend from the channel to the outer edge of the composite material and, with two adjacent channels on each side of the composite element, between the channels.

Figur 1

ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement mit zwei Betonkernen;

Figur 2

einen Schnitt durch einen Holzbalken als Teil des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine besondere Ausführungsform eines Holz-Beton-Verbundelements mit Zwischenschicht zur Schalldämmung;

Figur 4

eine Bodenplatte und eine Deckplatte als Teile des Holz-Beton-Verbundelements gemäß Figur 3;

Figur 5

das Holz-Beton-Verbundelement gemäß Fig. 3 in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Figur 6

zwei Holz-Beton-Verbundelemente mit Versatz zur Verbindung; und

Figur 7

eine alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Holz-Beton-Verbundelements.

In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a wood-concrete composite element with two concrete cores;

FIG. 2

a section through a wooden beam as part of the wood-concrete composite element according to FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a particular embodiment of a wood-concrete composite element with intermediate layer for sound insulation;

FIG. 4

a bottom plate and a cover plate as parts of the wood-concrete composite element according to FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5

the wood-concrete composite element according to Fig. 3 in perspective view;

FIG. 6

two wood-concrete composite elements with offset for connection; and

FIG. 7

an alternative embodiment of a wood-concrete composite element according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows an inventive wood-concrete composite element 1 with a bottom plate 2 and a cover plate 3, which lie with their respective inner sides 4 to each other. The bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3 are each formed of a plurality of wooden beams 5, which are placed with their longitudinal sides 6 together are and contact. Between the base plate 2 and the cover plate 3, two concrete cores 7 are arranged in the example shown here preferred.

The bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3 each have on their inner sides 4 a long groove 8, which are congruent. The long groove 8 of the bottom plate 2 is the long groove 8 of the cover plate 3 opposite, so that a channel 9 is formed, since the two long grooves 8 are aligned. The channel 9, which is also called Knagge in technical jargon, receives a concrete filling 10, which forms the concrete core 7 after curing.

In the cover plate 3 at least one filling opening 11 for concrete is provided above the channel 9, which can be closed with a pin 12. In the preferred embodiment shown, the cover plate 3 has three spaced filling openings 11 per channel 9 through which concrete can be filled.

As FIG. 1 can be seen, the bottom plate 2 comprises ten juxtaposed wooden beams 5a, which touch with their longitudinal sides 6. The wooden beams 5b of the cover plate 3 are arranged offset to the wooden beams 5a of the bottom plate 2. At the respective long edges 13 of the cover plate 3 wooden beams 5c are provided, whose width corresponds to half the width of the wooden beams 5a, 5b. The cover plate 3 thus has nine wooden beams 5a and two narrow wooden beams 5c, so that their longitudinal extent corresponds transversely to the wooden beam direction of the longitudinal extent of the bottom plate 2. The width of the wooden beams 5a, 5b is preferably 16 to 24 cm; here 20 cm.

In FIG. 1 is clearly seen that the two channels 9 of the wood-concrete composite element 1 in an edge region 14 of the bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3 are arranged. The edge region 14 corresponds to an end region 15 of the wooden beams 5.

The wood-concrete composite element 1 shown here has a length (longitudinal extent in wooden beam direction) of about 5 m. The width in the example shown here is 2 m since each of the wooden beams 5, 5a, 5b has a width b of 20 cm. The height of the wood-concrete composite element h corresponds to twice the height of the bottom plate 2 or cover plate 3. It is 22 cm in the example shown here.

In the wood-concrete composite element 1, the wooden beams 5 are connected to the concrete core 7 with each other, whereby a flexible connection of two wooden belt layers, which are superimposed, namely the bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3, is created. The connection with the material concrete takes place by the channel construction formed by the channels 9, which produces such a stiff connection for the wood-concrete composite element 1 that the rigidity of the composite element 1 of a wooden construction with glue connection. In comparison to the previously known systems with a combination of wood and concrete, the inventive wood-concrete composite element 1, a ceiling system with a wooden base and a wooden top. As a result, all the usual wood joints that are available on the market can be used when mounting on the site.

In the wood-concrete composite element, the compressive forces and tensile forces are taken from the wood layers, so from the bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3. If the disk carrying capacity of the elements are to be increased, so in the channel 9 a steel reinforcement can be inserted before the concrete is filled. The reinforced concrete pegs then ensure a high disk carrying capacity. Overall, the wood-concrete composite element 1 of the invention is optimized from an ecological point of view, since it requires only the use of a fairly small amount of concrete.

The wood-concrete composite element according to FIG. 1 is particularly suitable for an element with a length (in wood beam direction) of max. 3 m. If longer elements are required, for example up to a maximum length of about 5 m, so two channels 9 are arranged side by side in the edge regions 14 each.

FIG. 2 shows the side view of a correspondingly executed wooden beam 5. In the end portion 15 of the wooden beam 5, two grooves 16 are provided, whose cross-section are each half of the cross section of the later formed channel 9. The grooves 16 are preferably milled out of the wooden beam 5. Of course, they may have a non-rectangular cross section, for example, be round, in particular hemispherical in cross section. If necessary, the number of round grooves must be increased.

If the wood-concrete composite element 1 according to the invention has good soundproofing properties, further recesses 17 are provided in the wooden beams 5 in addition to the grooves 16 in order to form a space for an intermediate layer for a soundproofing material. The intermediate layer is preferably also formed of concrete or of a cement-bound chip fill.

FIG. 3 shows a section through a wood-concrete composite element 1 with a soundproofing intermediate layer 18 in section. The wood-concrete composite element 1 is designed as a ceiling and mounted on its sides on two bearings 19, which may be arranged for example on the walls of a building. The embodiment shown here has a total of four channels 9 with four concrete cores, which contribute to the stability and load capacity. The recesses 17 in the wooden beams are arranged as a recess 17 a between two adjacent channels 9. A further recess 17b extends from the channel 9 lying outside on the edge to the edge of the wood-concrete composite element 1. A further large recess 17c extends between the two inner channels 9.

The recesses 17b on the edge are each filled by a marginal wood 20, so that the two wood layers bottom plate 2 and cover plate 3 are connected to each other via the edge woods 20. Two connecting screws 21 per wooden beam 5 are preferably screwed from above through the cover plate 3 and the edge wood 20 in the bottom plate 2.

In the area of the large central recess 17c four filling woods 22 are arranged in the example shown here, which ensure a desired distance of the two wood layers to each other and serve to receive connecting elements or connecting screws 21 to connect the bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3 with each other, preferably to be screwed.

The filling wood 22, which connect directly to the channel 9, are preferably formed wider than the inner filling wood 22. These outer filling wood 22 and the edge timber 20 also serve to limit the channels 9. They prevent introduced into the channels 9 concrete from the Channels 9 runs out and spread in the recesses and displaced there arranged material.

The soundproofing intermediate layer 18 only has the task of insulating the sound. It has no supporting function. Accordingly, the material used here may have different properties than the flow concrete used for the concrete cores 7. In particular, it can be thinner.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective arrangement of a bottom plate 2 and a cover plate 3 of a wood-concrete composite element 1, which is to receive a soundproofing intermediate layer 18. It can be seen here that the recesses 17 are provided only in the wooden beams 5a of the bottom plate 2 and that the edge woods 20 and filling wood 22 rest on the bottom plate 2.

The recesses 17 on the inside 4 have a height which is preferably less than the height of the groove 16 and the elongated groove 8 formed. In the arrangement of the bottom plate 2 shown here all preparations are made to now the filling concrete in the recesses 17 between to arrange the filling wood 22. Subsequently, in a next step, the cover plate 3 placed the bottom plate 2 and screwed by the edge timber 20 and filling wood 22 with the bottom plate 2. Another production step involves the filling of flow concrete through the filling openings 11 at the top of the cover plate 3. When filling the flow concrete can also propagate into the recess 17a, so that the two concrete cores 7 of the adjacent channels 9 are connected together. Alternatively, in the region of the recess 17a also filled concrete can be inserted, or a filling wood. In a final step, the filling openings 11 are closed by pins 12.

The FIGS. 4 and 5 It can be seen that the cover plate 3 is formed at its long edges 13 each of narrow wooden beams 5c. In this way, an overlapping of the wooden beams 5 of the cover plate 3 with the wooden beams 5 of the bottom plate 2 can be ensured. Depending on a wooden beam 5 of a plate 2, 3 overlaps two wooden beams 5 of the opposite plate 2, 3, so that a secure and reliable connection of the bottom plate 2 is ensured with the cover plate 3.

FIG. 5 shows therefore the pre-assembled wood-concrete composite element, which can be delivered in this way, so pre-assembled with its concrete filling and the soundproofing to the site for final assembly. The time for mounting on site is thereby significantly reduced.

By pre-assembly, optionally with additional inserted steel reinforcement in the channels 9 and previous screwing the individual wooden beams together, a lateral swelling of the wooden beams and wood layers is prevented, since no moisture can take place during assembly.

As a further measure to avoid the contact of concrete and wood 17 separating films or release papers are preferably inserted into the grooves 16 and the long grooves 8 and into the recesses, which prevent moisture from entering the wood.

If a high level of thermal insulation is to be achieved with the wood-concrete composite elements 1, in particular if the heat-insulating requirements are higher than the noise protection requirements, the soundproofing intermediate layer 18 can be replaced by a thermal insulation layer. If necessary, then the number of filling wood 22 must be increased.

Both in the version with means for thermal insulation and with an intermediate layer for sound insulation, the wood-concrete composite element 1 has the advantage that no further layer on the element 1 must be applied, since these layers each integrated between the bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3 are arranged. This also leads to a reduction of assembly times on the construction site. In addition, space height is saved because no additional layer has to be applied to the elements.

FIG. 6 shows a further preferred embodiment, in which two wood-concrete composite elements are shown, which is produced via a step-like rabbet joint between two adjacent wood-concrete composite elements 1.

The seam connection is produced by the fact that in the first wood-concrete composite element 1a on a long side a flush edge is produced by a shortened in width wooden beam element. This element 1 is the connection piece to a building wall. On the opposite long side of the first used for the production of narrow wooden beam 5c is removed, so that the bottom plate 2 projects beyond the cover plate 3 and a step is formed.

The next wood-concrete composite element 1, here referred to as 1b, has at its one long side a wooden beam 5b, through which an originally provided during assembly narrow wooden beams 5c has been replaced. Thus, the cover plate 3 projects beyond the bottom plate. 2

On the opposite long side of the preferred wood-concrete composite element 1 b of the narrow wooden beam 5 c is removed, so that here the bottom plate 2 protrudes beyond the cover plate 3.

If the two wood-concrete composite elements 1a, 1b pushed against each other, the outer wooden beam 5b of the cover plate 3 of the wood-concrete composite element 1b projects beyond the outer wooden beams 5a of the bottom plate 2, so that there is an overlapping connection. By screwing the wooden beams, the adjacent wood-concrete composite elements 1a, 1b are connected together, as in the lower picture of the FIG. 6 is shown. This results in a wider ceiling construction.

In practice, it has proven to be useful to limit the width (transverse to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams) of the wood-concrete composite element 1 to 2.50 m, as this can be a problem with transporting the elements realized with a truck. The connection of two wood-concrete composite elements 1 on site takes place in a short time and has not proved to be disadvantageous.

FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of a wood-concrete composite element 1 according to the invention with a bottom plate 2 and a cover plate 3. This embodiment has a length in wooden beam direction of significantly more than 2.50 m, preferably up to 5 m. For stabilization, this embodiment of the wood-concrete composite element 1 in its edge regions 14 each have two concrete cores 7, which are filled in adjacent channels 9.

In addition, two further, not necessarily the same concrete cores 7 are preferably provided in the form shown here. These can be arranged, for example, in the region of individual loads acting on the ceiling, in order to improve and optimize the load distribution. Preferably, the concrete cores 7 are designed with a steel reinforcement. For example, such an embodiment can be used with reinforced concrete slabs in the central region of the wood-concrete composite elements 1 in factory buildings or office buildings, although in the middle of the ceiling large loads by arrangement of machinery or heavy cabinets. The wood-concrete composite element 1 according to the invention thus has the advantage that at times large loads can be absorbed and distributed well. This is a further advantage over the usual on the market cross laminated timber ceilings or board pile ceilings, which offer only a very limited possibility of receiving individual loads and their transverse distribution.

FIG. 7 Although an arrangement of concrete cores 7 in almost equidistant distance between the two outer concrete cores arranged in each case. However, this need not necessarily be the case in practice. Rather, the position of the channels 9 and the long grooves 8 in the bottom plate 2 and the cover plate 3 individually adapted. Not only the two other concrete cores 7 in the middle of the wood-concrete composite element 1 are possible. Only one or more concrete cores 7 may be provided, the spacing of which may be different from each other. Of course, these inner concrete cores may have other dimensions than the outer concrete cores.

The FIGS. 1 to 7 each show a wood-concrete composite element 1, which is used as a ceiling or floor. Of course, the wood-concrete composite elements 1 according to the invention can also be installed as walls in houses. The wood-concrete composite elements 1 can not only be partitions. It is also possible to use them as outer walls, wherein then preferably an outer protective layer (eg a plaster) can be applied to prevent weathering.

The installation of concrete cores 7 in the wood-concrete composite elements 1, which may also be partially reinforced steel, the walls can also take load-bearing properties. Preferably, the walls are then executed with a heat-insulating intermediate layer when they are used as outer walls. When used as partitions soundproofing fillings may be provided from cement-bound bulk fillings, as well as when using the element as a floor or ceiling.

Claims (15)

A wood-concrete composite element for use as a ceiling or floor or wall in a building, comprising a floor panel (2) and an opposite cover panel (3) each formed of a plurality of juxtaposed wooden beams (5) and one between the floor panel (5). 2) and the cover plate (3) arranged core (7) made of a concrete filling,
in which
the bottom plate (2) and / or the cover plate (3) each have at least one elongated groove (8) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams (5), one of the long grooves (8) being alone or with an opposite long groove (8) forms a channel (9) which is filled with the concrete filling (10). Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom plate (2) and the cover plate (3) each have a long groove (8) and the long groove (8) of the bottom plate and the long groove (8) of the cover plate (3) are congruent and aligned with each other so that they form the closed channel (9) having the concrete filling (10). Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wooden beams (5) two opposite main sides, two opposite longitudinal sides (6) which are formed by a long narrow side of the wooden beam (5), and two opposite front sides, which are formed by the short narrow side of the wooden beam, one of the main sides of the wooden beam (5) being the inside and directed towards the inside of an opposite wooden beam (5),
in which
the wooden beams (5) have on their insides at least one groove (16) which extends transversely to the longitudinal extent of the wooden beams (5) between the two opposite longitudinal sides (6), and by a plurality of mutually aligned grooves (16) the long groove (8) the bottom plate (2) and the long groove (8) of the cover plate (3) are formed. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wooden beams (5, 5a) of the bottom plate (2) and the wooden beams (5, 5b) of the cover plate (3) are offset transversely to their longitudinal direction such that a wooden beam (5) overlaps with two opposite wooden beams. Wood-concrete composite element according to claim 4, characterized in that the wooden beams (5) overlap so that a wooden beam (5) with two opposite wooden beams (5) is connected by means of at least one connecting element (21), wherein preferably the connecting element ( 21) is a nail, a screw, a wood dowel, a bolt, a wood fastener or the like. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (16) in the wooden beam (5) has a depth of at least 20% of the height of the longitudinal side (6) of the wood beam (5), preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 35%, or that the groove (16) has a depth of at least 1.5 cm, preferably at least 2.0 cm, 2.5 cm, 3.5 cm or 4.0 cm has. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (16) in the wooden beam (5) has a depth of at most 50% of the height of the longitudinal side of the wooden beam (5), preferably at most 45%, very preferred at the most 40%, more preferably at most 35%, or the groove (16) has a depth of at most 6.0 cm, preferably at most 5.5 cm, 5.0 cm, 4.5 cm or 4.0 cm. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete filling (10) in the channel (9) of the wood-concrete composite element (1) has a steel reinforcement. Wood-concrete composite element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a respective groove (16) in the end region (15) of the timber beams (5) is arranged so that the long groove (8) in an edge region of the bottom plate (2) and the cover plate (3) is formed, the distance from the end of the timber beam (5) adjacent to the groove (16) being at least equal to the width of the wooden beam (5), preferably at least 10 cm, very preferably at least 15 cm, 20 cm or 25 cm, and preferably the distance of the groove (16) from the end of the wooden beam (5) is at most 50 cm, more preferably at most 40 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the groove (16) of the wooden beam (5) is at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm, particularly preferably at least 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm is. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at both ends of the wooden beams (5) each have a groove (16) in the end region (15) of the wooden beams (5) is arranged, wherein preferably the respective distance of the groove ( 16) is equal or substantially equal to the adjacent end of the wooden beam. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two grooves (16) in the wooden beam (5) are arranged side by side, wherein the distance of the grooves (16) is at least 40% of the width of the groove (16), more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% or the spacing of the grooves (16) is preferably at least 5 cm, more preferably at least 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , formed by the grooves (16) long grooves (8) are lined with a film or film-like layer, preferably made of plastic, or with a paper layer such that the film or Layer between concrete and wooden beams (5) is arranged and contact of concrete with the wooden beams (5) is prevented. Wood-concrete composite element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wooden beam (5) has a recess (17) on the inside, the height of which is preferably less than the height of the groove (16), wherein the recess (17 ) between the two longitudinal sides of the wooden beams (5) and wherein the longitudinal extent of the recess (17) in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams (5) is greater by a multiple than the extension of the recess (17) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams (5), preferably at least three times as large, very preferably at least four times, five times or seven times as large. Method for producing a wood-concrete composite element comprising a base plate (2), a cover plate (3) and a concrete filling core (7), comprising the following steps: - Providing an elongated, substantially cuboid wooden beam (5) with two opposite long main sides whose longitudinal extent is significantly greater than their transverse extent, two opposite longitudinal sides (6) whose longitudinal extent corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the main side and two opposite front sides; - Generating a groove (16) in the transverse direction of the wooden beams (5) from one longitudinal side (6) of the wooden beam (5) to the opposite longitudinal side (6) of the wooden beam (5) on its inside, preferably by means of a milling cutter; - arranging a plurality of wooden beams (5) side by side so that the grooves (16) of the wooden beams (5) are aligned with each other, and forming a bottom plate (2) with a long groove (8); - Optional lining the groove (16) or the long groove (8) with a film-like layer; Forming a cover plate (3) by arranging a plurality of wooden beams (5) side by side so that the grooves (16) of the wooden beams (5) are aligned with each other, and placing them in relation to the base plate (2) such that the grooves (16) of the wooden beams ( 5) the bottom plate facing the grooves (16) of the wooden beams (5) of the cover plate (3), thereby forming a channel extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wooden beams (5); - Connecting a wooden beam (5) with at least one opposite wooden beam (5); - Optional introduction of a steel reinforcement in the channel (9); optionally closing the channel (9) at at least one end; - filling the channel (9) with concrete through a filling opening (11) and producing a core (7) from a concrete filling; - Optional closing of the filling opening (11), preferably after the channel is completely filled with concrete.

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