EP3543416A1 - Reinforced wooden covering element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a concrete wooden ceiling element (20), consisting of spaced support beams (22) with arranged and fastened connecting elements (24). The height of the support bar (22) exceeds the height (H) of the connecting elements (24), so that between the support bar (22) free spaces (26) are formed which are at least partially filled with concrete material (28).

Description

The invention relates to a wooden ceiling or a concrete wooden ceiling element, which is particularly suitable for floor slabs.

There are known beam ceilings, which consist essentially of wood, but acoustically very disadvantageous. Also, floor slabs are made of board stack elements, which consist of solid, flat components. They are assembled from boards arranged side by side with nails or hardwood dowels. Alternatively, these can also be glued. The disadvantages of the Brettstapelbauweise are also in a poor sound insulation in the raw state and a problem Auflagerausbildung at ceilings. In particular, such floor slabs also have an unfavorable vibration behavior.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved ceiling construction, in particular an improved ceiling element. The disadvantages of the prior art should be avoided, in particular the ceiling construction should be as free of vibration as possible.

The object is achieved by a concrete wooden ceiling element with the features of independent claim 1.

Accordingly, a concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention consists of spaced support beams and a floor, preferably formed of boards. The floor is preferably formed as a stack of boards, as they are used in a board pile ceiling. However, the wording that the connecting elements are located between the support beams is understood to mean that the connecting elements reach from one support beam to the adjacent support beam, so that hardenable concrete material can be filled in between the support beams. The boards of the floor may also have such dimensions or be so long that they connect or cover a plurality of support beams, as described below.

A particular advantage of the concrete wood ceiling elements according to the invention is that they have a significantly higher load capacity in contrast to conventional concrete ceilings. Due to the support beam construction results in more favorable lines of force, which mean that when installing the floor slabs on otherwise common supports can be completely dispensed with. Such supports are otherwise set during filling with concrete and during the curing phase of the concrete until it can carry itself.

The concrete wooden ceiling elements according to the invention are closed at the ends by transversely extending support beams. This results in a kind of frame formed by at least two longitudinal and two transverse support beams. The transverse support beams can be designed to be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Depending on the later local use of the concrete wood ceiling element, therefore, the use of a cover board with a smaller diameter can be sufficient.

In the spaces between the support beams concrete material and / or special thermal and / or acoustic insulating material or the like is arranged.

For example, first a layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material such as glass wool or the like can be introduced into the free space, which is then covered with the concrete material. It is also conceivable that initially introduced concrete material in the free space and a remaining space is then filled with insulating material.

The filled free spaces are preferably closed by cover elements. If a floor slab is formed from the concrete wood ceiling elements, the cover elements can be made of high quality, for example with parquet or laminate and thus serve directly as a floor for the upper floor. The cover elements may therefore preferably also be made of wood, but they can also serve as a construction surface for the further floor structure, such as screed or dry screed.

By filling the open spaces, the properties of the concrete wood ceiling element can be set almost as desired. In particular, it is possible to substantially increase the mass of a wooden ceiling in order to improve the thermal or acoustic insulation. The open spaces can be completely with it Concrete, for example, in conjunction with a suitable bulk material and, if necessary, other materials are filled, but it may be sufficient to fill them only to 30 to 90%, preferably 50 to 70%.

The concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention is preferably made exclusively of wood plus the corresponding concrete material. It is also conceivable that the fasteners or even the support bars made of plastic or other materials.

For example, a concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention can be embodied as double-U-shaped, consisting of three supporting beams and arranged therebetween. For example, a length of 3 m and a width of 1.25 m in total has proven to be particularly advantageous. It is thus formed from three horizontally spaced support beams, which have a height of 0.17 m to 0.36 m. In the longitudinal direction end, respectively transverse support beams are provided at the two end faces, resulting in two clearances between the support beams in this embodiment with a total volume of about 0.341 m ³ , which are filled with concrete material. The width, the height and the length of the support beams and thus also of the free spaces in between are determined by the static requirements of the building and can be adapted to these, the above dimensions are thus to be understood as exemplary only.

On the upper side, the concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention can be covered or closed in this variant by means of a cover element, for example a coarse chipboard (OSB board) or other materials. Overall, such a ceiling element depending on the density of the wood and the bulk of the bulk material about 200 to 350 kg / m ² , preferably 250 to 300 kg / m ^{2 basis} weight.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, the coarse chipboard (OSB board) can even be completely dispensed with, the concrete wood ceiling element being executed, so to speak, without a cover plate.

Measurements have shown that the evaluated standard impact sound level of the concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention is less than 50 dB, it can be depending on the variant, reduce to about 30 dB, for example by using an additional dry screed, which is applied to the concrete wood ceiling element and / or by using an additional impact sound insulation board. According to the invention, a suspended ceiling adjoining the concrete wooden ceiling element can also be included in the acoustic considerations. It is possible to further reduce the impact sound level through the suspended ceiling.

A ceiling construction based on concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention has the potential, in combination with floating dry screeds, to reliably comply with the stricter requirements of DIN 4109 for multi-family dwellings. It is even likely that as the design progresses, the requirements for single-family, terraced and semi-detached houses will be met.

The concrete wooden ceiling element can be designed in cross-section L-shaped, consisting of a support beam and the adjoining floor. The free end of the floor is connected with the formation of a continuous wooden ceiling with support beams of the adjacent L-shaped concrete wood ceiling element, for example, glued, nailed or screwed. Also, a screw glue or nail glue connection is possible. The combination of two concrete wood ceiling elements or their support bars results statically a disk effect, which is particularly advantageous for building statics.

According to the invention, the support beams can be connected to each other by the floor or the boards, which are each arranged between two supporting beams. From below each of the support beams and the interposed connecting elements are visible. Alternatively it can be provided that the connecting elements not only carry the load, but also serve as a kind of screen. The support beams then set, for example, on a single planar connecting element and are firmly connected to this, for example glued, screwed, dowelled or nailed. In this case, only the connecting element, for example embodied as a visible carrier plate, is visible from below.

The concrete wooden ceiling element according to the invention can fulfill fire protection requirements such as F30B, F60B or F90B. The fire protection class of the concrete wood ceiling elements results primarily from the floor height of the concrete wood ceiling element. In addition, a non-load-bearing cover may be provided on the underside, for example formed by a plasterboard or gypsum fiber board or other fire-retardant clothing, whereby the fire protection can be additionally increased. The underside can also be plastered after installation. In order to further increase the fire resistance, the support beams may alternatively also be made of steel, which are covered, for example, with plasterboard. As a result, fire protection requirements such as F30A, F60A or F90A can be achieved.

Basically applies to all versions of the concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention that they can be designed with visible bottom (SI) or non-visible bottom (NSI). The version with visible underside means that the concrete wooden ceiling element remains visible from below as a floor slab after installation.

In principle, the concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention is suitable for every floor slab, but also as a roof element for the construction of roofs. In this case, instead of the bulk material preferably an insulating material such as glass wool may be introduced. In particular, the concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention is suitable as a rafter element.

It is also conceivable use as a flat roof cover for solid houses, also the advantages of the concrete wood ceiling elements according to the invention can be used.

Finally, the use as a floor slab in a solid house is advantageous because the production and installation can be done quickly and easily and no moisture is introduced into the shell. The concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention can be used in particular as a partition between housing units in multi-storey construction.

A significant advantage of filling the concrete wood ceiling element with concrete material is also the high heat storage capacity of the concrete. Especially in heating periods, this is very advantageous.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, an acoustic decoupling is provided between the cover member and the support beam. For example, a layer of an elastomeric material can be applied to the support beam, on which in turn the cover is attached. It is also possible that concrete wooden ceiling element provided on the top side with a battens of offending individual boards or beams, wherein the cover is applied to this battens. This also reduces the transmission of structure-borne noise between the support beam and the cover. A combination of an additional material layer for acoustic decoupling and the use of the battens is also conceivable, namely by arranging a battens which has an additional layer of acoustically insulating material, for example an elastomer, on the underside, ie in the direction of the support beams. An acoustic drum effect, which possibly results from a free space below the cover element, can also be canceled or at least reduced according to the invention by introducing an additional acoustically insulating material. According to the invention, cover elements can also be coated on the underside, that is to say in the direction of the cavity, with an acoustically insulating, preferably elastomeric or soft material.

According to the invention, the properties of the concrete wood ceiling element can be influenced via the filling material. In addition to concrete material with high mass according to the invention, the use of lightweight concrete, for example, is possible. Also, ground recycled concrete can be used as filler for the clearance. It is even possible to introduce already hardened concrete material, for example in the form of concrete slabs in the free space.

The concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention has the further advantage that installations such as electrical lines, gas, water or sewage pipes can be easily placed inside before introducing the concrete. In particular, they can be pre-assembled in the manner of a modular principle from the factory, so that the individual concrete wood ceiling element or the integrated installations on site only need to be connected to each other. Concrete material can be introduced both ex works and on site, which is also advantageous. If the concrete material is filled at the factory, the concrete wood ceiling element with hardened concrete material can be installed on site. Alternatively, it is possible to initially install only the wooden structure, if necessary. To lay installations, then to fill the concrete or other filling material on site.

In a particularly demanding embodiment, the bottom of the concrete wood ceiling element is profiled, so that thrust forces can be absorbed in the horizontal direction. For this purpose, the soil may, for example, have recesses in the form of grooves, into which the liquid concrete material is filled before hardening. After curing, this results in a fixation of the concrete material by positive locking in the horizontal direction. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for elements such as nails or screws to protrude into the free spaces from the floor and / or from the support beams. Also in this case encloses the cured concrete material, these holding elements and is held in the cured state by this.

Fig. 1:

eine erste Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonholzdeckenelements im Querschnitt,

Fig. 2:

das Betonholzdeckenelement aus Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung, im Querschnitt,

Fig. 3:

das Betonholzdeckenelement aus Fig. 1 von oben,

Fig. 4:

das Betonholzdeckenelement aus Fig. 1 mit zusätzlicher nicht-tragender Abdeckschicht auf der Unterseite,

Fig. 5:

eine zweite Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonholzdeckenelements im Querschnitt,

Fig. 6:

das Betonholzdeckenelement aus Fig. 5 in perspektivischer Darstellung, im Querschnitt,

Fig. 7:

eine dritte Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonholzdeckenelements im Querschnitt,

Fig. 8:

das Betonholzdeckenelement aus Fig. 7 in perspektivischer Darstellung, im Querschnitt,

Fig. 9:

eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonholzdeckenelements im Querschnitt,

Fig. 10:

perspektivische Darstellung eines Bereichs eines Betonholzdeckenelements auf einem Auflager, teilweise geschnitten,

Fig. 11:

Schnittdarstelllung eines Bereichs eines Betonholzdeckenelements auf einem Auflager.

Fig. 12:

Schnittdarstelllung eines Bereichs eines Betonholzdeckenelements gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung,

Fig. 13:

Schnittdarstellung einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures which are to be understood as examples only and are not intended to limit the invention to the exemplary embodiments shown. Show it:

Fig. 1:

a first embodiment of a concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention in cross-section,

Fig. 2:

the concrete wooden ceiling element Fig. 1 in perspective, in cross section,

3:

the concrete wooden ceiling element Fig. 1 from above,

4:

the concrete wooden ceiling element Fig. 1 with additional non-wearing cover layer on the underside,

Fig. 5:

A second embodiment of a concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention in cross section,

Fig. 6:

the concrete wooden ceiling element Fig. 5 in perspective, in cross section,

Fig. 7:

a third embodiment of a concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention in cross-section,

Fig. 8:

the concrete wooden ceiling element Fig. 7 in perspective, in cross section,

Fig. 9:

a further embodiment of a concrete wood ceiling element according to the invention in cross section,

Fig. 10:

perspective view of a section of a concrete wooden ceiling element on a support, partially cut,

Fig. 11:

Sectional view of a section of a concrete wooden ceiling element on a support.

Fig. 12:

Sectional view of a portion of a concrete wood ceiling element according to another embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 13:

Sectional view of a further advantageous embodiment of the invention.

In all figures, a concrete wooden ceiling element 20, consisting of horizontally spaced support beams 22 and a bottom 24 arranged therebetween is shown. The bottom 24 is in the illustrated embodiment of board stacks, but it can also be formed by a solid wood panel or several adjacent wooden boards. Also conceivable is the use of plastic or wood-plastic mixed materials.

FIG. 3 shows the concrete wooden ceiling element 20 from above. This makes it clear that 20 support bars 22 are also provided on the front sides of the elongated concrete wooden ceiling element. In the example shown, these have the same width as the longitudinal support bars 22, but they may also have a smaller diameter.

In the FIGS. 1 to 4 and 9 are provided as the bottom 24 plates, which are provided on a bottom 23 of the concrete wooden ceiling element 20 between the support beam 22. They may be connected to the support bars 22 in a suitable manner, for example glued, screwed, dowelled, nailed and / or riveted. In this embodiment, the support bars 22 have a vertical height H, which exceeds the height of the connecting elements 24. This results in between the support free spaces 26, which are filled as needed. In the exemplary embodiments shown, concrete material 28, represented by hatching, is located in the free spaces.

Furthermore, cover elements 30 are shown, which limit and close the concrete wood ceiling element 20 or the free spaces 26 upwards or on the upper side. On the cover, for example, screed can be applied, but it is also conceivable direct application of, for example, laminate or carpet.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is on the bottom 32, a further cover 34 is provided. This non-load-bearing cover 34 may be provided for visual reasons and / or for reasons of fire safety. It offers, for example, a cover 34 made of plasterboard, Fermacell® or equivalent material.

The FIGS. 5 to 8 show a second embodiment of the invention in which the bottom 24 do not extend in the sense between the support beam 22 that they have contact with each other in shock, but form a continuous layer on which the support bars 22 are arranged. The support bars 22 are, so to speak, on the floor 24. This may be formed as a continuous plate, as shown, or from a plurality of individual juxtaposed boards. A cover member 30 may also be provided.

The FIGS. 7 and 8 show a variant in which additionally an insulating layer 36 is disposed within the spaces 26. The insulation layer 36 is located directly on the floor 24, that is to say between the floor 24 and the concrete material 28. In an embodiment not shown, the insulation layer 36 can also be arranged laterally along the support beams 22 be to also decouple the support bars 22 from the concrete material 28. The insulating layer 36 may be thermally and / or acoustically optimized, that is, consist of a suitably suitable material.

The embodiment according to FIG. 9 illustrates that the concrete wood ceiling element 20 according to the invention can have different dimensions. In the exemplary embodiment shown in accordance with FIG. 9 For example, four free spaces 26 are provided, that is corresponding to five support beams 22nd

The Figures 10 and 11 show the attachment of a concrete wooden ceiling element 20 according to the invention in the corner region of two walls 38. Visible are stitch bars 40 which extend at right angles to each other. The concrete wooden ceiling element 20 is mounted on each of the walls 38 fixed supports 42. The use of Spax screws 44 per ceiling / stitch beam 40 is indicated. In particular FIG. 11 shows the use of a wall anchor 46, which is connected by means of nails 48 with the wall 38 and the concrete wooden ceiling element 20 according to the invention. Overall, the attachment / assembly of the concrete wooden ceiling element 20 according to the invention does not differ substantially from the installation of a conventional wooden floor tile element according to the prior art. In this respect, the use of the concrete wood ceiling element 20 according to the invention is not a serious problem, an adaptation of the assembly steps is not or only to a small extent necessary.

Fig. 12 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention. It can be seen that the concrete wooden ceiling element 20 is executed in cross-section double U-shaped, consisting of three support beams 22 and interposed shelves 24. The respective outer support bars 22 are made a little less wide and abut the outer support beam 22 of the adjacent concrete wood ceiling element 20. Die between the support beam 22 arranged bottoms 24 are each glued to the support beam 22 and / or nailed or pegged. In the embodiment shown, the outer support bars 22 are slightly less high than the central support bar 22 executed so that on its free top a board 42 can be arranged, which then adjusts the same height H as the central support beam 22. Between the outer support beams a joint tape 44 is still recognizable.

On the support beam 22, an insulating layer 36 is provided, on which in turn cement screed 46 is arranged. Below the floor 24 is a suspended ceiling 48 can be seen.

Fig. 13 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the concrete wood ceiling element 20. In this case, the bottom 24 has a profile which counteracts lateral thrust forces and / or movements of the concrete material 28. The profile is formed by depressions 50 in the bottom 24, which can be performed at gradual grooves. The concrete material 28 is introduced into the free space sixth 20 and hardens in the recesses 50, so that it is held in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the horizontal direction.

In addition or as an alternative, retaining elements 52 projecting from the base 24 and / or from the support beams 22 can also be provided, which likewise counteract pushing forces and / or movements of the concrete material 28. Even with these offers themselves that these are first introduced into the bottom 24 and / or the support beams 22, and only then the free spaces 26 are filled with concrete material. Alternatively, however, the holding elements 52 can also be subsequently introduced into the already hardened concrete material 28.

The concrete concrete ceiling elements 20 shown are only to be seen as exemplary embodiments, in particular, for example, the bottom 24 may be designed differently, it may also be used other filling materials or it may be dispensed with the cover 30.

For all embodiments, in particular, the free spaces 26 shown in the embodiments may be completely filled. As a result, in particular an acoustic drum effect is avoided and / or the thermal insulation is improved.

Claims (15)

Concrete wood ceiling element (20) consisting of spaced support beams (22) and a floor (24), between the support beams (22) free spaces (26) are formed, which are at least partially filled with hardened concrete material (28) and the bottom (28 ) carries the concrete material (28). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that 30 to 90%, preferably 50 to 70% of the volume of the free spaces (26) are filled with concrete material (28). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in the free spaces (26) installations from the group of electrical lines, gas, water and sewer pipes are arranged. Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to claim 3, characterized in that the installations are embedded in the concrete material (28). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bottom (24) has a profile which counteracts lateral thrust forces and / or movements of the concrete material (28). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claim 5, characterized in that the profile is formed by recesses (50) in the bottom (24). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bottom (24) of this projecting holding elements (52) which counteracts lateral thrust forces and / or movements of the concrete material (28). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the concrete material (28) is executed reinforced. Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the concrete wood ceiling element (20) has a basis weight of about 200 to 350 kg / m ² , preferably 250 to 300 kg / m ² . Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by a fire resistance from the group F30B, F60B and F90B. Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in addition an insulating layer (36) within the free spaces (26) is arranged. Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that on the upper side at least one cover element (30) is provided. Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the floor is formed continuously and spaced support beams (22) on the floor (24) are arranged and fixed, wherein between the supporting beam (22) the free spaces (26) are formed. Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the concrete wood ceiling element (20) is designed in cross-section L-shaped, consisting of a support beam (22) and the bottom (24). Concrete wood ceiling element (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the concrete wood ceiling element (20) is designed in cross-section double U-shaped, consisting of three support beams (22) and interposed shelves (24).

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