EP4043659A1 - Composite panel - Google Patents

Abstract

1. In the case of a composite floor (1) comprising a tension layer (2) and a concrete layer (3) connected to the tension layer (2), the tension layer (2) on an inner side (4) of the tension layer facing the concrete layer (3) has a predeterminable plurality of predeterminably shaped depressions (5,6), in which depressions (5,6) the concrete layer (3) engages to form a shear-resistant bond between the concrete layer (3) and tension layer (2), it is proposed that at least a first Depression (6) is designed as a stepped recess, which has at least two mutually different depths.

Description

The invention relates to a composite floor according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

It is known that building ceilings can be made of wood-concrete composite construction. Here, an additional concrete cover is usually applied to a wooden cover. Such composite ceilings are common, for example, in building renovations or extensions, such as attic extensions, and are also used in new buildings as part of lightweight construction. In composite ceilings of this type, the concrete layer absorbs the compressive stresses, while the wood layer absorbs the tensile stresses.

In order to transmit shearing forces between the concrete layer and the traction layer, the traction layer generally has a large number of indentations into which the concrete layer engages. Such indentations are often also referred to as notches. Such indentations for absorbing the shearing forces are generally designed as flat, rectangular indentations.

The disadvantage of this is that in the case of conventional indentations, the surface area of the flanks, which serve to absorb the shearing force, is small and does not meet many requirements. This is a major problem, particularly in the case of beam ceilings which comprise several beams. In order to increase the area of the flanks, more indentations can be arranged, which greatly affects the stability of the beams. On the other hand, if the depression is too deep, the application of force becomes unfavorable and can lead to a failure of the connection.

The object of the invention is therefore to specify a composite floor of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided, with which a loadable ceiling can be formed in a simple manner.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. As a result, a composite floor can be created which, compared to conventional composite floors, can be subjected to higher loads and at the same time has a lower mass. Due to the at least two different depths of the first indentation, the shearing force can be distributed over a number of flanks as contact surfaces, more precisely over one flank per different depth. As a result, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of indentations in the traction layer and the introduction of force is distributed over a larger space compared to a single large flank.

The dependent claims relate to further advantageous configurations of the invention.

Express reference is hereby made to the wording of the patent claims, which means that the patent claims are inserted into the description at this point by reference and are deemed to be reproduced verbatim.

• Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Zugschicht mit einer ersten Vertiefung in Aufsicht;
• Fig. 2 einen Ausschnitt der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Verbunddecke mit einer ersten Vertiefung als Schnitt in Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Verbunddecke mit einer ersten Vertiefung in einer weiteren Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 4 einen Ausschnitt der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Verbunddecke in Frontansicht;
• Fig. 5 einen Ausschnitt der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Verbunddecke umfassend mehrere Holzbalken in Aufsicht;
• Fig. 6 einen Ausschnitt der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Verbunddecke in Seitenansicht;

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only preferred embodiments are shown by way of example. It shows:

• 1 a detail of a preferred embodiment of the traction layer with a first depression in plan;
• 2 a detail of the preferred embodiment of the composite deck with a first depression in section in side view;
• 3 a detail of the preferred embodiment of the composite deck with a first recess in a further side view;
• 4 a detail of the preferred embodiment of the composite deck in front view;
• figure 5 a section of the preferred embodiment of the composite deck comprising several wooden beams in plan;
• 6 a detail of the preferred embodiment of the composite deck in side view;

the Figures 1 to 6 show at least parts of a preferred embodiment of a composite floor 1, comprising a tension layer 2 and a concrete layer 3 connected to the tension layer 2, wherein the tension layer 2 has a predeterminable plurality of predeterminably shaped depressions 5, 6 on a tension layer inner side 4 facing the concrete layer 3, into which depressions 5.6 the concrete layer 3 engages to form a shear-resistant bond between the concrete layer 3 and the traction layer 2, with at least one first depression 6 being designed as a stepped recess which has at least two different depths.

As a result, a composite ceiling 1 can be created which, compared to conventional composite ceilings 1, can be subjected to higher loads and at the same time has a lower mass. Due to the at least two different depths of the first depression 6, the shearing force can be distributed over a number of flanks as contact surfaces, more precisely over one flank per different depth. As a result, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of indentations in the traction layer and the introduction of force is distributed over a larger space compared to a single large flank.

The compound floor 1 in question has a tension layer 2 and a compression layer, which is designed as a concrete layer 3 . Such a composite floor 1 preferably has a defined insert position, which is selected depending on the direction of the load. When installing the composite floor 1, the concrete layer 3 is to be arranged on top of the traction layer inside 4. The traction layer inside 4 is therefore that side of the traction layer 2 which faces the concrete layer 3.

The traction layer 2 can comprise different materials or materials. Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the traction layer 2 comprises wood. As a result, a low weight combined with a high resilience can be achieved.

Alternatively, for example for certain special applications, the traction layer can be made of fiber-reinforced plastic and/or metal. It can also be provided that the traction layer 2 is a composite of wood and metal or Wood and fiber-reinforced plastic is formed. This increases the load-bearing capacity of the composite floor 1, but causes additional processing work on the construction site.

The inner side 4 of the traction layer has a predeterminable plurality of predeterminably shaped depressions 5 , 6 , into which depressions 5 , 6 the concrete layer 3 engages to form a shear-resistant bond between the concrete layer 3 and the traction layer 2 .

It can preferably be provided that the concrete layer 3 only engages in the depressions 5, 6 of the tension layer 2 to form the shear-resistant bond between the concrete layer 3 and the tension layer 2, and that consequently no additional connecting means are provided in this area, i.e. no additional metal anchors which be arranged in the tension layer 2 before the production of the concrete layer 3 in order to achieve the shear-resistant bond.

The concrete layer 3 is preferably arranged on only one surface on the traction layer 2 .

The at least one first depression 6 is designed as a stepped recess, which recess has at least two depths that differ from one another.

Provision can preferably be made for the total depth of the first depression 6 to have a maximum of 50%, in particular a maximum of 40%, particularly preferably a maximum of 30% of a side length of that flank which is subjected to pressure when the composite ceiling deflects. In particular, this edge can be the narrowest edge. Due to this small depth in comparison to the side length, high shearing forces can be absorbed without the concrete layer breaking.

The side length of that flank which is subjected to pressure when the composite floor flexes can in particular be between 100 mm and 300 mm, preferably essentially 200 mm.

Provision can be made for the composite floor 1 to have only a traction layer 2 and a concrete layer 3, as a result of which the composite floor 1 can be produced in a particularly simple manner.

Provision can particularly preferably be made for the at least one first depression 6 to be designed in the form of a step and for a first level 7 to be arranged at a first depth essentially directly adjacent to a second level 8 at a second depth, which is exemplified in 2 is shown. In this case, essentially directly adjacent means, for example, that the second level 8 can be separated from the first level 7 only by a flank, as a result of which a simple formation of the first depression 6 is made possible.

The first level 7 and the second level 8 can in particular essentially have the same base area.

Provision can preferably be made for the depth of the first level 7 to be at most 50 mm, in particular at most 40 mm, particularly preferably at most 35 mm.

In particular, it can be provided that the depth of the first level 7 is at least 10 mm, in particular at least 20 mm, particularly preferably at least 25 mm.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the depth of the second level 8 is at least 150% of the depth of the first level 7 .

Provision can preferably be made for the depth of the second level 8 to be at most 300% of the depth of the first level 7 . This results in good load balancing between the individual flanks.

Provision can preferably be made for the at least one first depression 6 to have at least two grooves that essentially merge into one another, with a first groove of the first level 7 being open at the edge and a second groove of the second level 8 being formed as a blind hole. The course of a blind hole or a groove is preferably in the next groove on what in the Figures 2 and 3 is shown as an example. In 3 the first depression 6 is shown in dashed lines.

The depressions 5.6 do not extend through the entire traction layer 2, as in particular in the Figures 2 and 3 is shown, and are therefore not formed as a through hole.

Provision can furthermore preferably be made for the at least one first depression 6 to have at least one essentially vertical flank. The at least one vertical flank can absorb the shearing force well.

The at least one substantially vertical flank can also be substantially planar.

Alternatively it can be provided that the at least one first depression 6 is undercut on at least one side.

Furthermore, it can alternatively be provided that the first depression 6 has at least one inclined flank.

In particular, it can be provided that that flank is divided by the different depths, which is subjected to pressure when the composite deck deflects. This flank is therefore divided at least into a first flank, which extends from the inside 4 of the traction layer to the first level 7 , and into a second flank, which extends from the first level 7 to the second level 8 . It can preferably be provided that an area of the first flank corresponds to between 50% and 200% of the area of the second flank.

It can preferably be provided that the at least one first depression 6 is essentially rectangular, in particular essentially square, which is exemplified in 1 is shown. As a result, the at least one first depression 6 can be formed in a particularly simple manner. In this context, essentially rectangular means that the at least one first depression 6 can have rounded corners, but is rectangular in its entirety and has vertical flanks.

It can be provided that the first depression 6 has more than two different depths, and thus also levels 7.8. The number of is preferred different depths and is in particular a maximum of five, preferably a maximum of three, particularly preferably exactly two, different depths.

The traction layer 2 can also have second depressions 16 which only have a single depth.

In a particularly preferred manner, minimum distances can be provided between the first depressions 6 and the second depressions 16 . These minimum distances can preferably be between 8 and 12.5 times the depth of the first recess 6 or the second recess 16 . The depth of the depression 6, 16 is measured at the flank on which the force is transmitted. Since a gradation of the depression 16 usually only the edge of the lower first level 7 is decisive for the distance to the next depression 6, the distance between the depressions 6, 16 can be reduced compared to a single large depression 6 and it is thus achieve a better bond.

Alternatively, the traction layer 2 can only have first depressions 6, and therefore no second depressions 16.

It can further preferably be provided that the tension layer 2 has at least one wooden beam 9, wherein the at least one first depression 6 is arranged in the at least one wooden beam 9, which is exemplified in FIG figure 5 is shown.

It has been found that the shear force absorption in the configuration of the composite floor 1 comprising wooden beams 9, wherein the wooden beams 9 essentially correspond to the tension layer 2, and the at least one first depression 6 is arranged in the wooden beams 9, is particularly good. Substantially corresponding to the tension layer 2 means that between the wooden beams 9 connecting pieces, in particular configured as connecting plates 12 which preferably comprise wood, can be arranged, which connecting plates 12 belong to the tension layer 2 . Such a construction is exemplified in 4 shown. In this case, several wooden beams 9 arranged parallel to one another are connected to one another by means of connecting plates 12 .

Provision can preferably be made for the connecting plates 12 to comprise at least one layer made of wood, which faces away from the inner side 4 of the traction layer. As a result, from a visible side, essentially the entire composite ceiling 1 can have a wood look or the lower layer of the composite ceiling 1, which is visible after the assembly of the composite ceiling 1, can consist of wood.

It can preferably be provided that the wooden beams 9 include receptacles 15 for the connecting plates 12, which is exemplified in 4 is shown. The connecting plates 12 can simply be placed on the receptacles 15 of the wooden beams 9 and concrete can then be poured onto the wooden beams 9 and the connecting plates 12 during assembly to form the concrete layer 3 .

Alternatively, it can be provided that the connecting plates 12 are connected to the wooden beams 9 by means of connecting means.

Provision can preferably be made for the connecting plates 12 to comprise a plurality of layers. For example, a connecting plate 12, first layer 13, which corresponds to the visible side, can comprise high-quality wood and a second layer 14 arranged above it can be made of inexpensive wood, for example chipboard.

So that no concrete runs through between the connecting plate 12 and the wooden beam 9 when the concrete is poured, provision can preferably be made for the second layer 14 to have at least one seal on the sides facing the wooden benches.

It can also be provided that the connecting plates 12 are formed from a composite of wood with metal and/or wood with plastic.

Provision can preferably be made for the composite ceiling 1 to be in the form of a prefabricated composite part. Here, the composite deck 1 can be easily prefabricated in a factory, thereby saving time at a construction site. Higher quality concrete can be processed than would be the case with ready-mixed concrete or in-situ concrete. In addition, in the factory Hardening conditions of the concrete can be better controlled. The composite ceiling 1 can be easily transported to the construction site and assembled as a composite prefabricated part. Since there is no need to wait for the concrete to harden, the laid and fixed composite prefabricated parts can immediately bear full loads. There is therefore no need to wait for the concrete layer to be walked on or any need for additional support of the wooden ceiling during hardening, which means that the construction progress can be accelerated and the costs and logistical effort on the construction site can be reduced. Since no fasteners have to be set, this procedure, which represents a considerable burden for any residents, for example in the context of a subsequent attic conversion, can be omitted.

Provision can particularly preferably be made for the composite deck 1 to have at least two first indentations 6 , one of the at least two first indentations 6 being arranged in each case on an edge region of the composite deck 1 . The edge area of the composite floor 1 is that area which faces a supporting beam or a supporting wall on which the composite floor 1 rests in an assembled state or is in the immediate vicinity of the supporting beam or the supporting wall. As a result, shearing forces can be absorbed particularly well. A composite floor 1 with at least two first indentations 6 at the edge regions of the composite floor 1 is shown in FIG 6 shown.

Provision can preferably be made for at least one first depression 6 to be arranged on each edge region of the composite floor 1, as a result of which a uniform and good transmission of the shear forces is made possible. This is particularly advantageous in the case of composite ceilings 1 which rest on all sides on a substrate, for example a support beam or a retaining wall.

Provision can preferably be made for the concrete layer 3 to be designed without reinforcement, as a result of which weight can be saved.

Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the at least one first depression 6 is arranged in the edge region in such a way that--from an edge 10 of the composite deck 1 to a center 11 of the composite deck 1--the at least one first depression 6 first has the first level 7 at the first depth and then the second level 8 at the second depth, with the second depth being deeper than the first depth as seen from the inside 4 of the traction layer, which is exemplified in 6 is shown. With this type of arrangement, at least one first depression 6 can be absorbed particularly well shearing forces, since these act particularly on the edge areas of the composite deck 1.

Provision can also be made for two or more than two first depressions 6 to be arranged per edge region, which is not shown in the figures.

Anchors can preferably be provided which connect the concrete layer 3 to the traction layer 2 , in particular the wooden beams 9 .

Furthermore, a floor slab 12, in particular a building slab and/or room slab, comprising at least one composite slab 1 is provided.

The following are principles for understanding and interpreting the subject disclosure.

Features are usually introduced with an indefinite article "a, an, one, one". Therefore, unless the context otherwise requires, "a, an, an, an" is not to be construed as a numeral.

The conjunction "or" is to be interpreted as inclusive and not as exclusive. Unless the context otherwise requires, "A or B" also includes "A and B", where "A" and "B" represent any features.

In particular, a feature X or an object Y is distinguished in several embodiments by means of an ordering number word, for example “first”, “second” or “third”, unless this is otherwise defined by the disclosure of the invention. In particular, a feature X or object Y with an ordering numeral in a claim does not mean that an embodiment of the invention covered by this claim must have a further feature X or a further object Y.

Claims (10)

Composite deck (1) comprising a tension layer (2) and a concrete layer (3) connected to the tension layer (2), wherein the tension layer (2) can be specified in a predetermined number on an inner side (4) of the tension layer facing the concrete layer (3). formed indentations (5,6), in which indentations (5,6) the concrete layer (3) engages to form a shear-resistant bond between the concrete layer (3) and the tension layer (2), characterized in that at least one first indentation (6) is designed as a stepped recess which has at least two mutually different depths. Composite deck (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one first depression (6) is stepped and a first level (7) at a first depth is arranged substantially directly adjacent to a second level (8) at a second depth is. Composite deck (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one first depression (6) has at least one substantially vertical flank. Composite floor (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the at least one first depression (6) is of essentially rectangular design. Composite floor (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tension layer (2) has at least one wooden beam (9), the at least one first depression (6) being arranged in the at least one wooden beam (9). Composite ceiling (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the composite ceiling (1) is designed as a prefabricated composite part. Composite deck (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that characterized in that the composite deck (1) has at least two first depressions (6), one of the at least two first depressions (6) being arranged in each case on an edge region of the composite deck (1). Composite deck (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one first depression (6) is arranged on each edge region of the composite deck (1). Composite deck (1) according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the at least one first depression (6) is arranged in the edge region such that - from an edge (10) of the composite deck (1) to a center (11) of the composite deck (1) seen from- the at least one first depression (6) has first the first level (7) at the first depth and then the second level (8) at the second depth, wherein - seen from the inner side (4) of the traction layer - the second depth is deeper than the first depth. Floor slab (11), in particular building slab and/or room slab, comprising at least one composite slab (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9.

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