CH712684A2 - Space cell element. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a room cell element (10) having a concrete skeleton (11-16) for modular construction of a building comprising a concrete slab (11) having a first surface (111) and a second surface (112) and at least one of the first surface (11). 111) projecting pillar element (13-16) made of concrete, wherein the concrete slab (11) comprises a beam structure, wherein the beam structure is under a bias and counteracts sagging of the concrete slab (11) in the installed position. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building comprising such room cell elements (10) and a method for producing the spatial cell elements (10).

Description

Description TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a room cell element with a concrete skeleton for the construction of a building, a building comprising such a space cell element and a method for its preparation.

STATE OF THE ART

It is known to build concrete structures on site with so-called situational concrete. It is also known that prefabricated individual concrete elements and then assembled on the site.

Traditionally, reinforcing bars are inserted stress-free in concrete profiles. From the combination of concrete and reinforcement, the advantages can be drawn that the concrete absorbs the pressure, ie material compression, while the steel absorbs tensile forces due to its high tensile strength.

Next, space cells made of wood are known.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved concrete element for the construction of buildings.

This object is achieved by a room cell element with the features of claim 1. Accordingly, a room cell element with a concrete skeleton for modular construction of a building comprising a concrete slab with a first surface and a second surface and at least one of this first surface projecting pillar element, in particular concrete, proposed. The stated object is achieved in that the concrete slab further comprises a beam structure, wherein the beam structure is under a bias and counteracts sagging of the concrete slab in installation position. The effect of the bias bends the concrete slab so through.

The term "spatial cell element is understood to mean a structural module which has an outer skeleton and defines a spatial cell within the skeleton. These room cells, cleverly joined together, form rooms of a building.

The term "beam structure" is understood to mean a structure which absorbs tensile stress occurring in the lower region of the concrete slab due to deformation. The beam structure can be integrated in the concrete slab or assigned to it, that is, for example, be arranged on the second surface.

The term "pillar element" supports, in particular made of concrete, understood, which allow a further structure on the room cell element and define the room cell in height. This structure may be further room cell elements. The concrete slab of the upper room cell element bounds the room cell upwards as a ceiling and as a floor element the superordinate space cell. With the inventive space cells can thus be built multi-storey. However, conventional structures such as, for example, a roof structure can also be built on the column elements. The column elements may have a round, partially round or polygonal, in particular quadrangular cross-section. The column elements can be longitudinally cuboid, cylindrical or plate-shaped. Preferably, the column member is connected via a full clamping with the concrete slab and, if necessary, with the overlying concrete slab, so that the cross section of the column member is clamped, in particular fully clamped, which provides additional stability. This can, for example, by means of a plurality of distributed over the column element cross-section connecting means, for example. Connection iron happen. A centric connection of the column elements, so far as possible without clamping of the cross section, for example. In the form of a. Pendulum support, but is also conceivable.

Preferably, the pillar elements are prefabricated concrete elements.

The present invention thus deals with industrially manufacturable room units and is based, in particular, on the knowledge that concrete elements as room cell units can be used particularly advantageously if a substructure structure is integrated into the room cell units in order to bias a part of the concrete skeleton. The substructure bridged when used as intended by the space cell elements due to payload-induced deformations occurring tensile stresses and thus protects the surrounding concrete structure from stretching damage, in particular prevents the breakage and cracking. The beam structure immediately absorbs the tensile loads that occur during normal use.

Thus, the extremely stable room cell element has a load-bearing concrete skeleton and thus solid building character and allows the provision of space cell units with large spans.

The concrete slab here is preferably but not necessarily a solid element, so not provided with internal cavities.

Preferably, the bias of the beam structure acting along at least one biasing direction is at least 60 kN per meter in each biasing direction, in particular 120 kN to 300 kN per meter in each biasing direction, and more preferably 200 kN to 230 kN per meter in each biasing direction , Here is an example:

At a span of 10 m and under the proviso that biases the beam structure over the concrete slab over the entire length of 10m, the bias in the concrete slab is therefore at least 600 kN, preferably 1200 kN to 3000 kN, in particular 2000 kN to 2300 kN.

In a further development, the concrete slab has a first side with a first side length and a second side with a second side length, wherein the lower structure extends at least substantially over the entire first side length. The first side length may be 8 m to 15 m and the bias in the beam structure in the direction of the first side length 1200 kN to 3000 kN. The first side length may in particular be 10 m to 15 m, preferably 11.5 m, and the bias in the substructure in the direction of the first side may be 1200 kN to 3000 kN, in particular 2000 kN to 2300 kN.

In a further development, the beam structure is at least partially, preferably completely, guided in cross-section of the concrete slab and preferably integrated via an immediate bond in the concrete slab.

In a preferred embodiment, the beam structure has at least one biasing element.

The biasing element may in particular be a biasing cable. The material of the pretensioning cable preferably has a tensile strength of more than 1000 N / mm 2, in particular from 1500 N / mm 2 to 1900 N / mm 2, in particular of 1860 N / mm 2.

During normal use, the room cell element is installed in the building and must carry the intended payload, whereby the biasing layer absorbs corresponding voltages occurring.

The term "biasing elements" 'so in particular biasing cables are preferably understood from steel or other materials. These cables are biased along their direction. If the concrete slab has a longitudinal direction, for example along the first side, then these cables are preferably laid parallel to the first side, since the greatest stresses in the concrete slab are to be expected in the longitudinal direction. In addition, cables can also be tensioned in the transverse direction.

Basically, other tendons can be used as a cable such as. Ribbons or rods, with which a corresponding bias can be introduced into the concrete slab.

The biasing member preferably has a surface structure which allows immediate bonding with the concrete in the manufacture of the space cell element. In the case of immediate bonding, the prestressing element is surrounded by the concrete forming the slab in the production of the concrete slab and is then in direct contact with the slab. The hardened concrete engages in said surface structure of the biasing element, whereby a positive connection between the biasing element and concrete is made.

The biasing cable can thus have a structured surface for immediate bonding of the pretensioning cable with concrete for the intended use. In order to provide this surface structure, the biasing cable can, for example, consist of a plurality of individual strands, for example of wires, the cable then being provided as a strand in which the wires are intertwined or twisted so that helicoïdally extending grooves extend longitudinally over the surface of the Pretension cable extend. The concrete then engages in these spiraling grooves.

In a further refinement, the substructure structure forms at least one pretensioning layer. The biasing position is preferably flat.

Preferably, the lower structure further forms at least one spatially offset from the biasing position Gegenvorspannlage. In this case, the at least one counter-biasing position is spaced apart from the at least one pretensioning position so that a deflection introduced into the concrete plate by the at least one pretensioning position is at least partially compensated by the action of the at least one counter-pretensioning position. The concrete slab so bends less up when the Gegenvorspannlage is realized. Preferably, the counter-biasing position is less biased than the biasing position.

Preferably, the at least one Gegenvorspannlage is formed by at least one Gegenvorspannkabel.

It is particularly preferred to form the biasing position by biasing cable and the Gegenvorspannlage by Gegenvorspannkabel, wherein the individual biasing cables and Gegenvorspannkabel are the same, but a number of biasing cables larger, preferably twice greater than the number of Gegenvorspannkabel.

In a further development, the room cell element comprises two or more, in particular four column elements. The pillar elements each project from the first surface, each pillar element being preferably arranged in a corner regions of the concrete slab. Preferably, exactly one column element is arranged in each corner region of the concrete slab. However, it is also possible to form room cell elements with only one pillar element or with only two pillar elements arranged diagonally across the concrete slab. It is also possible to use column elements arranged distributed along the sides or over entire sides.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the concrete slab comprises a rib structure with at least one rib, preferably with two longitudinal ribs, particularly preferably with two longitudinal ribs and two transverse ribs extending transversely to the longitudinal ribs. It is also possible to provide three or more longitudinal ribs and / or transverse ribs. The longitudinal ribs are each preferably parallel to each other. The transverse ribs preferably also run parallel to one another. The rib structure allows optimum dimensional stability with minimal material consumption.

In a further development, the beam structure is at least partially, in particular completely integrated into the rib structure. Preferably, the biasing position in the region of the free end of the rib, so fussfern, arranged in the rib. This allows the biasing layer to be spaced as far from the neutral plane of the concrete slab, which provides an optimum static lever. Preferably, the biasing layer is integrated into the longitudinal ribs. The neutral plane is that in which neither compressive nor tensile stress occurs, which is thus neither compressed nor stretched.

In a further development, the room cell element further comprises at least one parapet, wherein each parapet is preferably arranged between two pillar elements. The balustrade further stabilizes the concrete skeleton, thus making the room-cell element more shape-retaining. It can hereby be attached to each side or only on selected sides of the concrete slab a parapet. Vorzugseise the concrete slab is rectangular and a parapet is attached to at least one of the two short sides. For room cell elements, which are to form a corner portion of a building, parapets can be arranged only over the corner.

As the column elements and the parapets can be provided as precast concrete and connected to the concrete slab in the factory. Alternatively, the parapets may also be made of wood; then the concrete skeleton consists only of the concrete slab and the existing column elements.

In a further development, the room cell element further comprises connection means for connection to adjacent space cell elements. The connecting means may be pure plug-in connections, which are particularly advantageous if the connection is to be produced quickly and to be releasable for the purpose of dismantling. It can also screw or bolt connections or material connections are provided as welded joints, which provide additional stability. Advantageously, these compounds are solvable, or solvable with little effort, so that the installed and interconnected room cell elements can be dislocated after the connection of the compound and are available for the construction of a new building.

The room cell elements may have pre-installations for interior work. This can be, for example, cables, cables, suspensions or the like.

The present invention further relates to a building comprising or consisting of one, two or more room cell elements according to the invention. Thus, a set of room cell elements can be used to reach a building in whole or in part. In this set can then have space cell elements for corner positions, for Erdgeschosspositionen or roof positions, these space cell elements are then constructed correctly.

Further, the connecting means described herein may be used to connect the space cell elements.

It is also conceivable that intermediate elements and / or angle elements are arranged between at least two of the spatial cell elements, which further increases the possibility of combining this architectural style.

The building is then created by arrangement and, if necessary. Connection of the room cell elements. The room cell elements can be arranged side by side and / or one above the other and easily connected to each other via connectors.

Also, the building can later be partially or completely dismantled and the concrete cell elements are needed for a new building. The concrete cell elements are therefore reusable.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing a spatial cell element according to the invention, comprising the steps of: a) providing a formwork; b) inserting at least one biasing element in the formwork to form the beam structure and preferably inserting a reinforcement in the formwork; c) biasing the at least one biasing element with a bias voltage, preferably with the bias voltage as described above; d) placing the concrete in the formwork to form a concrete slab as a base plate, which can form floor and possibly ceiling sections of a building; and. e) integration of at least one column elements by a rigid connection to the concrete slab.

The column elements are used as vertical supports, anchored to or in the concrete slab and are suitable for supporting other concrete slabs. Preferably, the column member is poured directly into the concrete slab.

Preferably, the column member is a prefabricated precast concrete part. Preferably, the column elements are fully clamped both in the floor and in the ceiling element. This can be used a variety of connection iron. For example. in each case four if necessary, equipped with a bracket connecting iron per pillar element and end face can be used. This clamping of the column elements over their cross section gives the building additional rigidity, since the cross section of the column elements mitverformt during deformation movements. However, this stiffening function can also be dispensed with, in particular by designing the column elements as centrically curved pendulum supports.

Preferably, the room cell element is factory-equipped with other trades, eg. With building services, with parapets or with connecting means for connecting adjacent room cell elements.

In a further development of the method, a plurality of biasing elements in the formwork is arranged so that at least one biasing position and at least one Gegenvorspannlage are formed, wherein the at least one Gegenvorspannlage spaced from the at least one biasing position extends, so that a through the at least one biasing position in the concrete plate introduced deflection is at least partially compensated by the action of the at least one counter-biasing position.

The invention thus also relates to a method for producing the space cell elements with firmly connected or to be connected with the structure / assembly supports of the same material concrete such as floor and ceiling. The use of concrete here leads to a reduction of body and airborne sound and a high rigidity in the entire structure, which, for example, may include up to five levels. Due to the system-like structure and production method, other trades such as building services can be integrated into the production process, which leads to an overall and thus controlled factory production. Locally resp. at the realization site (building plot), only the joining of the individual room units with a few final theses such. B. the connection of the individual modules. In addition, the dislocation and reuse of the space cell elements is possible.

Thanks to the innovative pretensioning technique, the spatial cell element according to the invention can have large spans of up to 15 m, in particular from 10 m to 12 m. In addition, the room sound behavior and the vibration behavior in general are extremely advantageous. Highly classified rooms can be implemented, while also a low pollutant input can be guaranteed. Further advantages are the very good fire resistance and the high thermal storage capacity, especially the Minergie capability and the positive energy balance. In addition, the room cell element is extremely durable because of its robustness. On the ground floor can be built floor level, as no ventilation is necessary, which in particular makes the accessibility of the building easy to secure.

The modular design in concrete is advantageous in many respects over work in situ concrete. Also with respect to wooden structures, the space cell elements with concrete skeleton are advantageous, in particular with regard to aging and sound entry. With the room cell elements with concrete skeleton but also longer spans can be realized at the same height as with wooden structures. Furthermore, the quality of the concrete skeleton can be better checked; Complete cell removal can be done in the factory. The facade extension is freely selectable, so the façade paneling is flexible. The construction is quicker, more flexible and quieter, is expandable and even deployable. It can be built multi-storey, for example, can be stacked up to five storeys. The room cell elements can be combined, connected, and can offer even more flexibility via intermediate elements and angle elements. The planning is simplified. It can also be built financially flexible. Furthermore, the emission burden on site is reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, which serve only for explanation and are not to be interpreted as limiting. In the drawings show:

Figure 1 is a perspective view from above of a first embodiment of the inventive space cell element with a concrete slab and four pillar elements, being arranged on the short sides of the concrete slab, between the pillar elements, each one parapet and from the outside of the facade structure.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section through the middle of the room cell element according to FIG. 1; FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a detail view of the cross-section according to FIG. 2 with a focus on the concrete slab which has a floor structure at the top and a rib structure at the bottom, wherein a beam structure is integrated into the concrete slab via an immediate bond;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the space cell element of Figures 2 and 3, the elements shown with broken lines are not visible from above;

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the space cell element of Fig. 1;

6 shows a longitudinal section through the room cell element according to FIGS. 2 to 5;

Fig. 7 is a detail of Fig. 6, namely the first wall structure (bottom of Fig. 6);

Fig. 8 is a detail of Fig. 6, namely the second wall structure (at the top of Fig. 6);

FIG. 9 shows a single room cell element according to FIG. 1 with two wall structures on the short sides; FIG.

10 shows two space cell elements connected to one another via angular elements with external wall structures, the left spatial cell element having a greater span than the right;

Figure 11 shows two connected via angular elements and an intermediate intermediate element space elements of the same span with external wall structures.

Fig. 12 shows a formwork with a reinforcement and a beam structure which is filled with concrete; and

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the flashing method. FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the inventive room cell element 10. The room cell element 10 is designed as a room module for the modular construction of buildings and includes a base plate made of concrete, the rectangular concrete slab 11. The concrete slab 11 has a first surface III (top of FIG. 1) and a second surface 112 opposite the first surface 111. On the first surface 111 of each of short sides of the concrete slab 11 projecting wall structures are provided. On the first surface 111 is further provided a floor structure 113 with a footfall sound insulation and a subfloor.

The wall structures each include two eckseitig attached to the short sides of the concrete slab 11 column elements 13, 14 and 15, 16 and each one extending between the pillar elements 13, 14 and 15, 16 parapet 18. On the outside, the wall structures respectively an arbitrarily customizable facade structure 17. The facade structure 17 comprises facade building elements 173 to 176. The wall structures may in particular also have window elements 171, 172 and / or doors 177 (see also FIG. 4).

The concrete slab 11 may be cast, the pillar members 13 to 16 and the parapets 18 may be precast concrete members. The concrete skeleton of the room module 10 is thus provided by the concrete slab 11, and a selection of column elements 13 to 16 and parapets 18.

Other wall and floor structures are possible. Instead of the short side mounted parapets 18 and long side arranged parapets can be provided. Only individual column elements or parapets can be provided or more than four column elements. The concrete skeleton is thus matched to the needs positionally matched with components selected from the group comprising the concrete slab 11, column members 13 to 16 and parapets 18th

Details of this spatial cell element 10 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 8.

First, the concrete slab 11 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 in particular. FIG. 2 shows a central cross section through the room cell element 10; FIG. 3 shows as a detail from FIG. 2 the cross-sectional shape of the concrete slab 11 in detail. FIG. 4 shows a top view, FIG. 5 shows a view from below of the room cell element 10. FIG. 6 shows a central longitudinal section through the room cell element 10.

The concrete slab 11 is a concrete cast solid structure with inserts (reinforcement, clamping elements, ...) and has a minimum thickness (between the longitudinal ribs 41,42, see below) of 100 mm to 150 mm, in particular of 120 mm up. The concrete slab 11 has a rectangular basic shape as an essentially flat slab structure, wherein a first side L-1 is the long side with 8 m to 15 m, in particular 10 m to 12 m, preferably 11.5 m, length and the second side L2 the short side, so the width, with 2 m to 3 m, in particular 275 cm to 278 cm, length is. In addition, the concrete slab 11 has the first surface 111 and the second surface 112.

In the concrete slab 11 conventional reinforcing irons 7 (see Fig. 12, shell 5 with reinforcing irons 7 in broken lines) can be inserted as required.

It can further be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3 that the first surface 111 is planar and the second surface 112 is structured with a rib structure 4 projecting downwards. The rib structure 4 has two parallel and spaced to the long side L-ι extending longitudinal ribs 41,42 which extend over the entire length of the plate 11 between two ends mounted on the short side L2 transverse ribs 43 and connected via the transverse ribs 43. The ribs 41 to 43 each extend in a straight line and increase the plate thickness locally by up to 350 mm. The ribs 41 to 43 preferably protrude transversely by 200 mm to 250 mm, in particular by 230 mm, over the region of the plate 11 with minimal thickness.

Thus, it is thus preferred that the plate thickness be between 120 mm (in the minimum range) and 350 mm (on the rib side) for lengths of the long sides L | from 10.6 m to 11.5 m and the short sides L2 of 278 cm.

The longitudinal ribs 41, 42 have a tapering with increasing Abragungshöhe, as still lower in the horizontal decreasing cross-section.

Side surfaces 412, 422 and flat sides 411, 411 delimit the longitudinal ribs 41, 42. The side surfaces 412, 422 are planar and extend at an angle to the planar first surface 111, in particular 5 ° to 10 ° to the perpendicular to the first surface 111 inclined. The trapezoidal cross section of the longitudinal ribs 41, 42 terminates at the bottom with planar flat sides 411, 421, which run parallel to the first surface 111. The side surfaces 412, 422 and flat sides 411, 421 each form a portion of the second surface 112 of the concrete slab 11.

A foot-side width of the ribs 41, 42 may be 278 mm, a width of the flat sides 411, 421 may be 204 mm. Other dimensions are conceivable.

The clearance between the ribs 41 to 43 can thus have a depth of 23 cm and an upper, ie plate-side width, i. feet, from 150 cm to 160 cm, a lower width, ie at the free end of the ribs 41 to 43, from 155 cm to 165 cm.

Preferably, the longitudinal ribs 41,42 of the respective edges of the associated long sides L-ι the concrete slab 11 are arranged offset inwardly towards the center of the plate 11 out. This edge spacing can be on the foot side of the ribs 41.42, for example 25 cm to 45 cm, in particular about 35 cm.

The transverse ribs 43 may have the same Abragungshöhe as the longitudinal ribs 41, 42, so that a flat horizontal completion of the plate 11 is given and continue to be flush with the edge of the short side L2, with the outer side side surfaces perpendicular to the first surface 111, so that a vertical conclusion for optimal juxtaposition of room cell elements 10 is ensured.

The longitudinal ribs 41,42 have horizontally extending through holes 410 in the space between the ribs 41.42, so that the space between the ribs 41 to 43, which, for example. With a suspended ceiling can not be closed from below, from the outside through these through holes 410 accessible and, for example, for domestic or other installations is available. In particular, water and power lines or the like can be guided through these recesses 410.

The transverse ribs 43 may also have such breakthroughs or recesses from the second surface 112 forth.

By this design of the rib structure 4, a more efficient use of the available space is achieved.

It is understood that the rib structure 4, a different arrangement and number of transverse and / or longitudinal ribs may be formed.

FIG. 3 shows the beam structure 2 in detail. The beam structure 2 is integrated into the concrete slab 11 and includes a lower bias unit forming a bias layer 20 and an upper bias unit forming a counter bias layer 30. The biasing layer 20 is in this case preferably biased more than the Gegenvorspannlage 30. The biasing layer 20 brings the necessary bias in the space cell element 10 so that support-free space cells with spans of more than 10 m, for example. Up to 15 m are possible.

Due to the bias of the biasing layer 20, the concrete slab 11 bends upwards. In order to counteract this bending upwards, the counter-pretensioning layer 30 is used above the pretensioning position 20, that is to say in the bending direction, which minimizes the deflection without impairing the advantages of the pretensioning position 20.

In general, the biasing position is thus arranged on the lower side of the neutral plane (see above) and the Gegenvorspannlage on the upper side of the neutral plane.

As can be seen from Fig. 3, the biasing layer 20 is embedded in the longitudinal ribs 41,42 and about 1.5 cm to 7 cm, in particular about 5 cm to 6 cm from the flat side 411.421 away in the respective longitudinal rib 41,42 placed. As a result, a sufficient static lever for the biasing layer 20 is present to provide the necessary stability.

The biasing layer 20 is hereby formed by four biasing cables 21 to 24 per rib 41,42. The four cables 21 to 24 lie in a plane which runs parallel to surface 111. The outer cables 21,24 are about 1.5 cm to 5 cm, in particular about 4 cm away from the respective side surfaces 412.422.

The biasing cables 21 to 24 are each strands of a plurality of 5 to 15, in particular 7, 8 or 9 wires, the latter being made of a high-alloy steel. The wires have a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm, in particular of 7 mm, so that a diameter of the strands 21 to 24 in particular 12.9 mm to 15.7 mm and a cross-sectional area of 100 mm2 to 150 mm2.

Preferably, the wires are braided or twisted into the biasing cables 21-24. By this processing, the surface of the biasing cables 21 to 24 helicoidally extending grooves. This spiral-shaped surface structuring ensures a secure anchoring of the cable 21 to 24 in the concrete element when used as a composite immediate bonding, so the casting of the cable 21 to 24 with liquid concrete 6, as used here.

The material of the biasing cables 21 to 24 may have a tensile strength of 1400 N / mm 2 to 1900 N / mm 2, preferably 1860 N / mm 2.

The biasing cables 21 to 24 may each be biased with a bias voltage above 50 kN, preferably from 100 kN to 250 kN, in particular from 170 kN to 190 kN and a bias along at least one biasing direction FVs, preferably along the first side L-. ι, build up.

It may also be biased by cable laying in several directions, for example.

Above the pretensioning layer 20, the counter-pretensioning layer 30 is integrated into the concrete slab 11. The Gegenvorspannlage 30 is located outside the projecting portion of the ribs 41,42, so to speak in the foot of the ribs 41,42.

As can be seen from Fig. 3, the Gegenvorspannlage 30 also consists of individual Gegenvorspannkabeln 31, 32. These Gegenvorspannkabel 31, 32 may be the same cable as the Vorspannkabel 21 to 24. The four prestressing cables 21 to 24 inserted in each rib 41, 42 are each assigned two opposing prestressing cables 31, 32, which are arranged directly above the outer prestressing cables 21, 24. The counter-pretensioning cables 31, 32 may be arranged offset relative to the ribs 41, 42. The Gegenvorspannkabel 31,32 are about 1.5 cm to 7 cm, in particular about 5 cm to 6 cm from the first surface 111 of the concrete slab 11 away.

The counter-biasing cables 31, 32 span a plane 30 which is parallel to the plane through the biasing cables 21 to 24.

The substructure 2 of the eight prestressing cables 21 to 24 in the two longitudinal ribs 41, 42 and the four counter pretensioning cables 31, 32 thus brings a prestress of at least 600 kN, preferably from 1200 kN to 3000 kN, in particular from 2000 kN to 2300 kN, in particular 2250 kN in the concrete slab 11 a.

The biasing cables 21 to 24 provide for a bending of the concrete slab 11 upwards, so the first surface III out, which is partially compensated by the Gegenvorspannkabel 31, 32, so that the concrete slab in installation position under payload runs substantially horizontally.

On the first surface 111 of the concrete slab 11, a bottom structure 113 is also arranged. This floor structure 113 may be configured as desired, that is, for example, have a footfall sound insulation and / or a subfloor or another or further covering.

The openings 410 in the longitudinal ribs 41, 42 run between the pretensioning layer 20 and the counter-pretensioning layer 30.

In the embodiment described above, the biasing layer 20 and the Gegenvorspannlage 30 are guided in the concrete cross section of the concrete slab 11 and are surrounded by an immediate bond fixed to concrete under mold engagement. However, it is also conceivable that one makes a subsequent composite or no composite of the tendons with the concrete slab 11, but that the voltage on the short sides L2 is introduced into the plate 11. In addition, the tendons may also be partially or largely completely out of the concrete cross section.

Now, in particular with reference to Figures 4, 7 and 8, the wall structures are described in more detail. FIG. 7 shows in detail the first wall structure below in FIG. 6, FIG. 8 shows the wall structure opposite the first structure at the top in FIG. 6 in detail.

The wall structure consists of column elements 13 to 16, parapet elements 18 and a façade structure 17.

In the embodiment of the spatial cell element 10 according to FIG. 4, pillar elements 13 to 16 projecting upwards on the side of the first surface III are mounted in all four corner regions 130, 140, 150, 160 of the concrete slab 11. The pillar elements 13 to 16 are designed as columns precast concrete parts, which are connected to the concrete slab 11 in a conventional manner, in particular with connecting iron, if necessary, with additional bracket, poured into the concrete slab 11. Preferably, the column elements 13 to 16 are thus fully clamped. The concrete slab 11 of a further room cell element 10 'may, for example, be placed on these pillar elements 13 to 16.

The column elements 13 to 16 may have a rectangular cross section with the dimensions of, for example, 20 cm to 50 cm x 20 cm or 20 cm x 50 cm, in particular 50 cm x 20 cm or 25 cm x 25 cm and a height of 2.8 m to 3.2 m, in particular from 2.9 m to 3.0 m. Of course, other cross sections (round, semi-circular, polygonal, ...) and lengths (depending on the desired cell height) are conceivable.

Moreover, the pillar members 13 to 16 in the lower portion have through holes 141, 151 for passage of wires.

The parapets 18 are respectively arranged on the short sides L2 between the respective column elements 13, 14 and 15, 16. The parapet 18 has a height (parallel to the pillar elements 13 to 16) of 50 cm to the full height of the pillar elements 13 to 16, in particular from 70 cm to 80 cm, particularly preferably of 75 cm. A width of the parapet 18 between the pillar elements 13 to 16 is 200 cm to 300 cm, in particular 238 cm. A thickness of the parapet 18 may be 100 mm to 150 mm, in particular 120 mm. The parapet 18 provides additional stabilization of the room cell and can form the basis for the facade structure 17. The projectile column connection 13 to 16 with partially wise or complete restraint on the cross section in the floor and ceilings provides additional stability.

The pillar elements 13 to 16 and the parapet 18 may be reinforced.

The concrete slab 11, the pillar elements 13 to 16 and, if necessary, the parapets 18 form the massive concrete skeleton of the illustrated embodiment.

On the outside, the wall structures each have a facade structure 17 as desired by the client. Facade structure 17 comprises facade building elements 173 to 176. These elements may be wall elements, paneling elements, but in particular also window elements 171, 172 and / or door elements 177 (see also FIG.

In the following, in particular with reference to FIGS. 2, 6 to 8, the connecting elements 19 for the horizontal and vertical connection of room modules 10, 10 'are described in greater detail. These connections 19 can in particular be detachable, so that a dislocation of the spatial cell elements 10, 10 'is possible.

FIG. 3 shows the concrete slab 11 with recesses 195 which are open at the bottom and which are mounted on the edge in the transverse ribs 43 running transversely to the longitudinal ribs 41, 42. The recesses 195 are formed as blind holes, which are arranged on the corner side on the second surface 112 and extend into the concrete slab 11. The recesses 195 are each arranged to receive a mandrel element 196 (see Fig. 7). The mandrel element 196 may be screwed into the recess 195 or secured in the recess 195 with a mortar, with a portion of the mandrel element 196 projecting downwardly beyond the concrete surface 112 (see Fig. 7).

Now, if two room cells 10,10 'arranged one above the other, so the column member 13 to 16 of the lower space cell element 10' has a correspondingly extending on the free end faces in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the element blind hole 197, in which the mandrel member 195 with the protruding portion for vertical connection of different space cell elements 10, 10 'engages. The blind hole 197 may be lined with a suitable sleeve 198 for this purpose. In order to achieve a material closure between the upper mandrel element 195 and the lower pillar element 13 to 16, the blind hole 197 can be filled beforehand with a concrete mortar or the like, which hardens after the elements have been plugged together and fixes the space modules 10, 10 'together.

Moreover, FIGS. 3 and 4 show laterally mounted angles 191 which serve to weld different space cell elements 10, 10 'to one another. The angles 191 are via shuffling 192, i. anchoring structures, anchored in concrete 6. The structures 191, 192 may be made of metal. The space modules 10, 10 'adjoining one another via angles 191 can thus be welded together for horizontal connection. However, these selective connections do not prevent a dislocation. The compounds can also only each plugged and therefore be particularly easy to solve. Other fasteners 191 may be used, such as screw, hook or bolt connections may be used. With these connecting means 19, the room cells 10, 10 'are not loosely connected to one another at the element impact, but are connected to form a fixed unit.

In particular, with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11, further elements and possible combinations of the spatial cell elements 10, 10 'are explained below. FIG. 9 shows a single room element 10 according to FIG. 1 with two wall structures on its short sides L2. FIG. 10 shows two space elements 10, 10 'connected to one another via angle elements 101 with external wall structures, the left space element 10 having a greater span than the right space element 10'. The angle elements 101 are also designed as supports made of precast concrete. FIG. 11 shows two room elements 10, 10 'of the same span connected to the outside wall structures connected via the angle elements 101 and an additionally interposed intermediate element 102. By the intermediate element 102 additional space can be created.

The method for producing the spatial cell elements 10 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 (see drawing sheet 4/5). FIG. 12 shows a formwork 5 for producing the concrete slab 11. FIG. 13 shows a flow chart of the production method.

In order to produce the concrete structures described here, formwork, in particular steel formwork can be used. In a first step, the steel formwork 5 is provided with recess 51 for the ribs 41 to 43. Then the reinforcing bars 7 and the biasing elements 21 to 24 and 31, 32 are inserted into the formwork 5. The clamping elements 21 to 24 and 31, 32 form the biasing layer 20 and the Gegenvorspannlage 30, which are arranged at different heights. The biasing members 21 to 24 and the counter-biasing members 31, 32 are put under tension. For this purpose, the clamping elements 21 to 24 and 31, 32 clamped on one side and the free exciting over abutment with a load of, for example, 181 to 191 per clamping element 21 to 24 and 31,32 are applied. Thus, the desired preload can be introduced.

Then, the concrete 6 is poured into the formwork 5 and hardened for over 24 hours. The tendons 21 to 24 and 31, 32 are cut flush with the concrete structure 11. Due to the preferred surface structure of the biasing members 21 to 24 and 31, 32, the biasing members 21 to 24 and 31, 32 are securely anchored in the hardened concrete mass 6 and thus maintain their tension even after cutting the clamping load.

Thus, a room cell element 10 is provided for the construction of multi-storey buildings, which has a concrete skeleton of a concrete slab 11 and at least one preferably fully over the cross-section clamped column member 13 to 16, if necessary, is equipped with balustrades and other trades, and by a large span of 8 m to 15 m, in particular from 10 m to 12 m is excellent.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10, 10 'room cell element 101 intermediate element 102 angle element II concrete slab III first surface of 11 112 second surface of 11 113 underbody and impact sound structure 13-16 concrete pillar element 141, 151 recesses for the passage of lines 130-160 corner of 11 17 Façade structure 171, 172 Window element 173-176 Facade structure elements 177 Door element 18 Parapet 19 Connection means 191 Angle 192 Schludder 195 Recess for 196 196 Dom element 197 Recess for 198 198 Mandrel sleeve 2 Beam structure 20 Prestressing layer 21-24 First to fourth prestressing cable 30 Counter-prestressing layer 31, 32 Counter-prestressing cable

Claims (15)

4 ribbed structure 41 first longitudinal rib 42 second longitudinal rib 410 recess for passage of conduits 411,421 flat side of 41,42 412, 422 lateral surface of 41,42 43 transverse rib 5 formwork 51 recess 6 concrete 7 reinforcement Fvs pretensioning direction L-i long side of 11 L2 short side of 11 claims A space cell element (10) having a concrete skeleton (11-16) for modular construction of a building, comprising: a concrete slab (11) having a first surface (111) and a second surface (112) and at least one of the first surface (111 ) projecting column element (13-16) made of concrete, characterized in that the concrete slab (11) comprises a beam structure (2), wherein the beam structure (2) is under a bias and counteracts sagging of the concrete slab (11) in the installed position. The space cell element (10) of claim 1, wherein the bias of the joist structure (2) acts along at least one bias direction (FVs) and the bias voltage is at least 60 kN per meter in each bias direction (FVs), in particular 120 kN to 300 kN per meter in each biasing direction (FVs), more preferably 200 kN to 230 kN per meter in each biasing direction (FVs). 3. room cell element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concrete slab (11) has a first side (Li) with a first side length and a second side (L2) with a second side length, wherein the lower structure (2) over the first side length extends; wherein the first side length of 8 m to 15 m and introduced by the beam structure (2) in the direction of the first side length in the concrete slab (11) bias voltage 1200 kN to 3000 kN; or wherein the first side length of 10 m to 11.5 m and introduced by the beam structure (2) in the direction of the first side (Li) in the concrete slab (11) bias 1200 kN to 3000 kN, in particular 2000 kN to 2300 kN. 4. room cell element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower structure (2) at least partially, preferably completely, in cross section of the concrete slab (11) is guided and preferably connected via an immediate bond with the concrete slab (11). A space cell element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the beam structure (2) comprises at least one biasing element (21-24; 31, 32), the biasing element (21-24; 31, 32) being a biasing cable, wherein material of the pretensioning cable preferably has a tensile strength of more than 1000 N / mm 2, in particular from 1500 N / mm 2 to 1900 N / mm 2, in particular 1860 N / mm 2, and / or wherein the pretensioning cable preferably has a structured surface for immediate bonding of the pretensioning cable Concrete for the intended use has. 6. room cell element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lower structure (2) at least one biasing layer (20), wherein the lower structure (2) further comprises at least one Gegenvorspannlage (30), which at least one Gegenvorspannlage (30) extends spaced apart from the at least one biasing layer (20), so that a by the at least one biasing layer (20) introduced into the concrete slab (11) deflection is at least partially compensated by the action of the at least one counter-biasing layer (30), wherein the at least one counter-biasing position ( 30) is preferably formed by at least one Gegenvorspannkabel (31; 32). 7. room cell element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein two or more, in particular four, pillar elements (13-16) are included, which pillar elements (13-16) each protrude from the first surface (111), each Column element (13-16) in each case preferably in a corner regions (130-160) of the concrete slab (11) is arranged, wherein particularly preferably in each corner region (130-160) of the concrete slab (11) exactly one pillar element (13-16) is arranged , A room cell element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the concrete slab (11) on the second surface (112) has a rib structure (4) with at least one rib (41; 42; 43), preferably with two longitudinal ribs (41 , 42), particularly preferably with two longitudinal ribs (41, 42) and two transverse ribs (43). 9. room cell element (10) according to claim 8, wherein the lower structure (2) is at least partially integrated into the rib structure (4). 10. room cell element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising at least one parapet (18), wherein each parapet (18) is preferably arranged between two pillar elements (13-16). The room cell element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising connection means (19; 191-198) for connection to adjacent space cell elements (10, 10 '); and / or comprising pre-installations for interior work. 12. Building comprising or consisting of one or more room cell elements (10, 10 ') according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein preferably connecting means (19; 191-198) according to claim 11 for connecting the space cell elements (10, 10') are used and or wherein intermediate elements (102) and / or angle elements (101) are arranged between at least two of the spatial cell elements (10, 10 '). 13. A method for producing a space cell element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of: a) providing a formwork (5); b) inserting at least one biasing element (21-24, 31, 32) in the formwork (5) to form the beam structure (2) and preferably inserting a reinforcement in the formwork (5); c) biasing the at least one biasing element (21-24; 31, 32) with a bias voltage, preferably with the bias voltage of claim 2; and d) introducing the concrete (6) into the formwork (5) to form the concrete slab (11) e) integrating the pillar elements (13-16) by rigid connection with the concrete slab (11). 14. The method of claim 13, wherein additional trades selected from the group consisting of building services, parapets (18) and connecting means (19) are integrated into the spatial cell element (10). 15. The method of claim 13, or 14, wherein the one plurality of biasing elements (21-24; 31,32) in the formwork (5) are arranged so that at least one biasing layer (20) and at least one Gegenvorspannlage (30) are formed wherein the at least one counter-biasing layer (30) extends spaced from the at least one biasing layer (20) such that deflection introduced by the at least one biasing layer (20) into the concrete plate (11) at least partially compensates by the action of the at least one counter-biasing layer (30) becomes.