EP3130718A1 - Élement composite de construction - Google Patents

Élement composite de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3130718A1
EP3130718A1 EP16151987.1A EP16151987A EP3130718A1 EP 3130718 A1 EP3130718 A1 EP 3130718A1 EP 16151987 A EP16151987 A EP 16151987A EP 3130718 A1 EP3130718 A1 EP 3130718A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
recesses
timber
beams
concrete material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16151987.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Brunthaler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zimmerei Walter Brunthaler
Original Assignee
Zimmerei Walter Brunthaler
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zimmerei Walter Brunthaler filed Critical Zimmerei Walter Brunthaler
Publication of EP3130718A1 publication Critical patent/EP3130718A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite structural element, a method of constructing a building from such composite structural elements, and a building comprising such composite structural elements.
  • Wood is a popular material because it radiates a pleasant atmosphere.
  • wood is a lightweight building material that has a positive CO 2 balance and is permanently elastic.
  • wood has an odor-binding effect and positive effects with respect to vapor diffusion.
  • wood is a renewable resource worldwide.
  • pure wood may be disadvantageous in terms of fire performance and long-term stability, etc. Also, wood does not provide satisfactory sound insulation.
  • Concrete is also a widely used material that is commonly used in the construction of structures. Concrete is a stable and durable building material.
  • the prior art has attempted to combine the properties of concrete and wood. It is known, on a wooden support a plurality of screws at an angle to arrange and shed with concrete. It is also known to arrange steel strips perpendicular to the timber carrier on a wooden support and to shed with concrete. It is also known to rake out in a timber carrier shear cams and shed with concrete.
  • the composite structural element according to the invention comprises a wooden beam having a plurality of elongated recesses extending in a first direction, wherein there are elevations between the recesses.
  • the composite structural element further comprises cross struts, which are arranged in a second direction transversely to the first direction of the recesses, wherein the transverse struts each pass through at least one recess.
  • the composite structural element comprises Further, a concrete material layer connected to the timber carrier, which at least partially fills the recesses and is at least partially disposed about the transverse struts.
  • the first direction is preferably the longitudinal direction of the composite structural element.
  • the second direction is preferably the transverse direction of the composite structural element.
  • the concrete material layer is embedded in the recesses of the timber support and between the transverse struts, so that a firm bond between the timber support and the concrete material layer is formed.
  • reinforcing elements e.g. Rebar steel be waived.
  • known from the prior art composite materials in which usually only metal pins are obliquely introduced into the timber beam before concrete is applied to the timber beam, only either tensile or compressive forces can be absorbed.
  • composite structural element according to the invention with its arranged in the recesses cross struts both types of forces can be absorbed. This is particularly advantageous if dynamic forces, for example, be taken and compensated for earthquakes.
  • the individual transverse struts extend through a plurality of recesses and / or elevations. This is advantageous in terms of the stability of the composite structural element according to the invention and on the other advantageous in that the timber carrier can be made in a quick and easy way.
  • the transverse struts are arranged substantially at right angles to the recesses and / or elevations. As a result, forces can be transmitted in all spatial directions between the concrete material layer and the timber beam.
  • the cross struts may for example have a square, rectangular, cross-shaped, oval or polygonal cross-section.
  • the transverse struts have a round cross-section. This is particularly advantageous when the cross braces are inserted into previously drilled openings in the surveys. Since round holes are formed when drilling with a conventional drilling machine, transverse struts with a round cross-section fit precisely into such holes.
  • the transverse struts have a diameter which is less than the depth of the recesses, wherein the cross struts extend at most to the upper end of the elevations and at most to the lowest point of the recesses, wherein they preferably do not extend over the entire recess.
  • the area of the transverse struts for absorbing the longitudinal forces can be increased.
  • the cross struts are at least partially made of metal, in particular steel, aluminum or stainless steel, composite materials, in particular wood composite materials, fiberglass, concrete or wood, in particular hardwood, beech, softwood or spruce wood.
  • the timber beam is usually at least partially made of timber, softwood, cross laminated timber, spruce, glued, hardwood, beech or wood composites.
  • the aforementioned materials of the transverse struts and the timber support are particularly well suited to produce a stable, yet flexible composite structural element.
  • the recesses in the timber carrier may, for example, have the cross-section of a rectangular U, V, obtuse U, rectangular U or the like.
  • the recesses are formed as grooves and generally have an above-mentioned cross-section.
  • Such grooves may, for example, be incorporated in a one-piece wooden body, e.g. are milled.
  • the timber carrier can also be constructed from a plurality of wooden beams.
  • a first beam type may have a cross-section with a lower height than a second beam type with a cross-section with a smaller height.
  • the beams of the first beam type and the beams of the second beam type may then be arranged alternately flush with each other at a first end of the cross section.
  • the second ends of the cross section of the first beam type which are opposite to the first ends, then form the elevations.
  • the second ends of the cross section of the second beam type which are opposite to the first ends, then form the recesses.
  • the aforementioned beam types are identical.
  • the individual bars can be connected to one another offset from one another.
  • you get a wooden beam which has wells and elevations both on one side and on the other side.
  • Such a wooden beam is also available when using bars of a first beam type and a second beam type with different high cross-sections, and arranges the beam types with the lower height respectively centrally between two beam types with a higher cross-section.
  • the concrete material is also arranged on the elevations, wherein the side facing away from the timber carrier of the concrete material layer is preferably formed substantially flat. This contributes to the stiffening of the composite structural element according to the invention.
  • the wooden beams are protected from environmental influences by a closed concrete material layer.
  • the concrete material can also be applied on both sides of the wood carrier.
  • the concrete material of the concrete material layer has at least one binder and / or at least one additive, such as, for example, Sand and / or stones, wherein the binder preferably comprises at least one of the group of cement, magnesite, anhydrite, synthetic resin and epoxy resin.
  • the binder preferably comprises at least one of the group of cement, magnesite, anhydrite, synthetic resin and epoxy resin.
  • non-mineral additives may also be included.
  • water is usually contained in the concrete.
  • cement paste encloses the additives and is responsible for the viscosity and for the solidification of the concrete. It is also conceivable that cementless concretes are used in the article according to the invention.
  • Such concretes are known in special cases as Feuerbetone for use above 1,500 ° C or sewage disposal / biogas plants.
  • the o.g. Anhydrite (gypsum free of water of crystallization) is actually a binder such as cement, but is added to the cement as an additive to influence the setting time of the cement paste.
  • synthetic resin concrete also called polymer concrete
  • This is a mixture of reactive polymer binders and dry aggregate.
  • synthetic resins are added to the cement paste as an additive.
  • anhydrite concrete is a conceivable type of concrete, which is usually referred to in the art as anhydrite screed.
  • Possibilities are possible as concrete material of any of the prior art known concrete.
  • any other layers may be arranged on the concrete material, for example a floor covering, floor tiles and / or wall tiles.
  • the concrete material layer may comprise a reinforcement of fibers, in particular plant fibers and / or glass fibers. Such fibers contribute to further stiffening of the entire composite structural element. By a fiber reinforcement is It also prevents the concrete material from detaching from the wood, as the fibers mentioned can absorb both shear and tensile forces in the concrete.
  • the surface of the wooden support at least partially comprises a layer of hydrophobic material, in particular a layer of oil, e.g. Formwork oil, wax, e.g. Forming wax, and / or paint and / or a spray on.
  • a layer of hydrophobic material in particular a layer of oil, e.g. Formwork oil, wax, e.g. Forming wax, and / or paint and / or a spray on.
  • this is a wall element for erecting a building, wherein the wooden support has at least one support element for laying and supporting a ceiling element and preferably at least one, in particular a plurality of continuous recesses, which are preferably arranged above the at least one support element.
  • the said support element on the wall element a quick and easy laying or hanging wood carriers of ceiling elements of a building.
  • liquid concrete material which is applied to a wooden support of a ceiling element, flow through the recesses and so can cover the wood support of the wall element (see also below and figures).
  • this may be a ceiling element for the construction of a building, wherein it preferably has a bearing area adapted to the shape of a support element of a wall element for laying on the support element of the wall element.
  • This support area may be in the form of a step, for example.
  • a closed concrete material layer can be created, which extends from the outside of a wall element via a ceiling element to the outside of the opposite wall element.
  • step c) of the method according to the invention four wooden beams of wall elements are arranged in such a way that they form a closed frame with a quadrangular, in particular rectangular cross-section. This ensures that a complete building can be built with a cast in a cast concrete shell.
  • At least two wooden beams of at least two ceiling elements are placed on superimposed support elements of the wood beams of the wall elements, wherein the concrete material is first applied to the wood support of the lowermost ceiling element and then successively applied to each next following timber beam of the next ceiling element.
  • the present invention further relates to a building comprising at least four wall elements according to the invention and at least one ceiling element according to the invention, wherein the wood beams of the wall elements are formed integrally independently of the number of ceiling elements.
  • "One-piece” in this context means that not several wooden beams are arranged one above the other. A single timber beam thus extends from the lowest floor to the top floor. Due to the one-piece design of the wooden beams of the wall elements of the building according to the invention, the building according to the invention receives a high elasticity. This is particularly advantageous in the event of an earthquake, because shocks can be absorbed by the elasticity of the walls, which have such integral wooden beams. This is not possible with the buildings known from the prior art.
  • the ceilings are stacked floor by floor on the wall elements.
  • the wall elements in multi-storey buildings of the prior art are not in one piece, but - depending on the number of projectiles - formed in several pieces.
  • the shocks that form here are weak points, especially when vibrations occur, such as earthquakes. At the joints, the walls can buckle under shock. This is not the case with the building according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1A shows a perspective view of a timber support 2, which is part of the in the FIGS. 1C to 1F shown composite structural element 1 is.
  • the composite structural element 1 is designed as a ceiling element.
  • a wooden support 3 is shown, which is part of a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a wall element 10.
  • the timber support 2 and the timber support 3 are constructed substantially the same and are explained together in terms of conciseness.
  • the timber beams 2 and 3 comprise a plurality of beams 4 of a first type and a plurality of beams 5 of a second type.
  • the term beam in the context of the present invention also includes planks and boards.
  • the bars 4 and 5 touch each other on the longitudinal side of the cross sections.
  • the beams 3,4 are arranged flush with each other, so that a substantially flat surface 6 is formed.
  • the bars 4 of the first type have a cross-section with a greater height than the bars 5 of the second type. Since the bars 4 of the first type and the bars 5 of the second type are arranged flush on a narrow side of the cross section, formed on the flat side 6 opposite side 7 elongated recesses 8 and elevations 9 in the timber support 2 and 3.
  • the beams 4 and 5 are made of laminated wood in the present embodiment. Further preferred types of wood are lumber, softwood, spruce, hardwood, beech wood, wood composites, cross laminated wood and glued laminated timber.
  • the beams 4 and 5 are connected to each other by means of pins 12 which extend through the beams 4 and 5 and thereby form the timber beam 2 and 3, respectively.
  • the pins 12 thus pass through the beams 4 of the first type and the beams 5 of the second type.
  • the recesses in the timber carrier can also be produced by milling an integrally formed wooden body.
  • the cross struts 13 are arranged above the bottom 10 of the recesses and below the top 11 of the elevations 9.
  • the cross struts 13 are made in the present embodiment of metal.
  • the cross braces may also be made of a different material, such as wood, wood composites, glass fibers or the like.
  • Each transverse strut 13 passes through all elongated recesses 8 and elevations 9 of the timber support 2 and 3.
  • the cross struts 13 are arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the recesses 8 and elevations 9.
  • the wooden beam 2 of Figure 1A is in the present embodiment on a supporting wall 14.
  • a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a ceiling element 1, concrete is applied to the side 7 of the wooden support 2, so that a concrete material layer 15 is formed.
  • a concrete material layer 15 In the FIGS. 1C to 1F is the timber support 2 with the concrete material layer 15, so to see a finished inventive composite structural element 1.
  • the concrete layer 15 completely fills the elongated recesses 8 and surrounds the cross struts 13.
  • the concrete layer 15 also extends to the upper sides 11 of the elevations 9 and shows a flat upper side 16.
  • a tie bar 19 is integrated, which is located in a recess 8 of the timber carrier 2. This pull bar 19 absorbs tensile forces that may arise in the area in which the ceiling element 1 is supported by the wall 14.
  • the train iron can z. B. be a rod.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2E the wooden support 3 is shown, which is part of the wall element 10 of the invention Figures 2D and 2E is.
  • the timber support 3 stands on a base plate 20 made of concrete. As in Fig. 2B can be seen, protrude from the bottom plate 20 metal rods 21 which are cast in the bottom plate 20.
  • the timber support 3 is positioned on the base plate 20 so that the metal rods 21 are located in front of the recesses 8 of the timber support 3 (see also FIG Fig. 2C ).
  • a composite structural element according to the invention in the form of a wall element 10 concrete is now applied to the side 7 of the wooden support 3 so that a concrete material layer 15 is formed.
  • the concrete can be applied economically, for example by spraying. However, it can also be concreted using a formwork.
  • an insulating layer 17 is applied to the concrete material layer 15. On this insulating layer 17, a plaster layer 18 is finally applied.
  • the metal rods 21 act as connecting members between the bottom plate 20 and the concrete material layer 15 of the wall element 10.
  • a tensile and shear-resistant connection between the bottom plate 20 and the wall element 10 is achieved. Loads are dissipated in the foundation and the timber support 3 need not be firmly dowelled to the bottom plate 20 before.
  • Fig. 3A shows a further embodiment of a wooden support 3 'of another embodiment of a wall element 10' according to the invention, on which wooden support 3 'a wooden support 2' of another embodiment of a ceiling element 1 'according to the invention is arranged.
  • Corresponding elements of the timber beams 2 'and 3' and the timber beams 2 and 3 are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the wooden support 3 ' differs from the wooden support 3 of the previously discussed figures only in that that it has a longer design, support blocks 22 for placing the wooden support 2 'and continuous, above the support blocks 22 arranged through recesses 23 has.
  • the recesses 23 are incorporated in each of the beams 5 of the second beam type.
  • This step 24 serves as a support area for placement on the support blocks 22 of the timber support 3 '. Due to the construction of the wooden beams 2 'and 3', it is possible in a simple manner, the wooden support 2 'of the ceiling element 1' on the support blocks 22 of the timber support 3 'of the wall element 10' hang up and so a quick and easy connection between the wood beams 2 'and 3' produce.
  • the position of the support blocks 22, the recesses 23 and the steps 24 is chosen so that after placing the timber support 2 'on the timber support 3' an open connection between the recesses 8 of the timber support 2 'and the recesses 23 in the timber support 3' consists ,
  • the shape of the steps 24 is adapted to the shape of the support blocks 22.
  • a formwork is also arranged on the outermost beam of the timber support 3'.
  • the concrete can also flow over the tops 11 of the elevations 9 of the timber support 3 'and form a flat surface there.
  • a shuttering concrete can also with the help of a Plaster or by hand on the wood support 3 'and / or possibly already partially created concrete material layer can be applied.
  • a pull bar 29 is integrated in the concrete material layer 15 of the ceiling element 1 'through a recess 23 of the timber support 3', which recess 23 is also filled with concrete, into the concrete material layer 15 of the wall element 10 '.
  • the joints 25, which form between the timber support 2 'and the timber support 3' or have formed when laying, are filled with concrete, which contributes to a further stabilization of the overall construction.
  • On the integrally formed wall element 10 ' is also an insulating layer 17 and a plaster layer 18 is applied.
  • the outermost beams of the wooden beams of the ceiling elements are beams 5 of the second type. This ensures that applied concrete can flow from the outermost recesses directly into the recesses of the two wooden beams connecting to these beams.
  • a further advantage which is achieved by the elements according to the invention, the method according to the invention or the building according to the invention is that a Prefabrication of the individual wall and ceiling elements with millimeter-accurate planning is possible. This allows a fast and efficient creation of a building. Further advantages include automation through recurrent details, high precision and fit, a high degree of prefabrication and the associated predictability and a high degree of minimization of errors. The ability to produce a building with a closed concrete shell, ensures that the individual floors can be made smoke-tight. As already mentioned above, by the present invention, a stiffening of plates and discs even without structural steel possible.
  • the reduced structural steel requirement makes it possible to create steel-poor to even steel-free buildings.
  • steel can also be partially or completely replaced by glass fibers.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through another embodiment of a composite structural element 100 according to the invention.
  • the wooden beam 26 is constructed of beams 27 of a first beam type and beams 28 of a second beam type.
  • the beams 28, which are formed lower than the beams 27, are arranged between the beams 27 such that depressions 8 'and elevations 9' are present on both sides of the timber beam.
  • a concrete material layer 15 ' is also applied on both sides of the timber support 26.
  • the element 100 can function both as a ceiling element and as a wall element.
  • the element 100 is a ceiling element and the lower concrete material layer 15 'is omitted, so that the wooden beam 26th Exists, for example, a good room acoustics can be achieved because the sound between the wells 8 'and elevations 9' can break.
  • Fig. 5A shows a cross-section through another embodiment of a composite structural element 110 according to the invention.
  • the wooden support 29 is constructed from a plurality of identical bars 30.
  • the beams 30 have a base portion 31 and an upwardly tapered elevation portion 32, which is formed flattened at its top.
  • the elevation portion 32 is formed somewhat narrower at its widest point than the base portion 31, so that on both sides of the elevation portion 32 shoulders 33 form.
  • the base portions 31 of the beams 30 touch each other on the longitudinal side of the cross sections.
  • the bars 30 are arranged flush with each other, so that a substantially flat surface 6 is formed. Recesses 8 "form between the elevation sections 32 of the beams 30.
  • depressions 8 which can also be referred to as recesses, have the cross-section of an obtuse-angled U or V with a flattened tip.
  • Each transverse strut 13 extends through all the elongated depressions 8 "and elevation sections 32 of the timber carrier 29.
  • the cross struts 13 are arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the depressions 8" or elevation sections 32 the timber support 29 is here also a concrete material layer 15 "applied.
  • the composite structural element 110 has proved to be particularly advantageous in load tests.
  • the individual beams 30 of the timber support 29 can be made, for example, by simply milling out the raised portions 32 of conventional wooden beams with a rectangular cross-section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
EP16151987.1A 2015-08-14 2016-01-20 Élement composite de construction Withdrawn EP3130718A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202015104308.2U DE202015104308U1 (de) 2015-08-14 2015-08-14 Verbessertes Verbundbaumaterial

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3130718A1 true EP3130718A1 (fr) 2017-02-15

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EP16151987.1A Withdrawn EP3130718A1 (fr) 2015-08-14 2016-01-20 Élement composite de construction

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EP (1) EP3130718A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202015104308U1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180347191A1 (en) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 9360-4742 Quebec Inc. Prefabricated concrete slab floor and method of fabricating the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2774112A1 (fr) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-30 Archipente Element de paroi composite bois-beton
EP0952271A2 (fr) * 1998-04-24 1999-10-27 Werner Bauer Elément à structure mixte bois-béton
DE10227099A1 (de) * 2002-06-18 2004-01-15 Weinmann Holzbausystemtechnik Gmbh Bauelement, insbesondere Deckenelement

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2774112A1 (fr) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-30 Archipente Element de paroi composite bois-beton
EP0952271A2 (fr) * 1998-04-24 1999-10-27 Werner Bauer Elément à structure mixte bois-béton
DE10227099A1 (de) * 2002-06-18 2004-01-15 Weinmann Holzbausystemtechnik Gmbh Bauelement, insbesondere Deckenelement

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180347191A1 (en) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 9360-4742 Quebec Inc. Prefabricated concrete slab floor and method of fabricating the same

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