EP2256262B1 - Wood structure module, method for its manufacture and application - Google Patents

Description

The application relates to wood building modules, the use of the modules, as well as methods for their production.

The publication DE 198 04 890 A1 discloses a composite wall element consisting of upright stems, which are nailed both on its outside and on its inside and form a double block wall.

From the European patent application EP 2 060 694 A1 is a building wall element known in which woods are wedged together in different positions by ridge strips. The woods of a location have intermediate distances.

It is from the German utility model DE 20 2004 014 003 U1 Known to produce a double-walled structural module by pinned squared timber pinned together in the wall plane, so that the pins are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the squared lumber. The connection between the two levels is provided by frontal, podium-like thresholds.

It has been found that the properties of such modules are still unsatisfactory.

As a result, the invention sets itself the goal of providing improved modules and manufacturing methods therefor.

The modules according to the invention. Are given in the expression 1 and 3.

This achieves a particularly favorable distribution of the loads on the module. Neither metallic nor chemical composites or adhesives are required. The module can be easily built, and may have cavities for receiving insulation material and / or supply lines.

From the aspect of manufacturing a wooden building module, the invention proposes the methods according to claims 10 and 11.

This allows the module to be set up in a lying position, whereby the module does not need to be turned between individual steps, which contributes to the dimensional accuracy and efficiency of the method. In addition, the underside of the module remains unharmed as a visible surface.

• Im ersteren Fall können die zueinander parallelen Hölzer vertikal stehen. Es ist zweckmäßig, diese vertikalen Hölzer mit wenigstens zwei Waagrecht- oder Querbalken zu verbinden und dabei jeden Querbalken mit jedem der vertikalen Hölzer zweifach, in verschiedenen Richtungen, zu verdübeln. Für eine Ausführung mit Außen- und Innenwand wird auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Querbalken eine weitere Lage aus wiederum zueinander und/oder zu den senkrechten Hölzern parallelen Hölzern in gleicher Weise angedübelt. Dabei können Innen- und Außenwand aus verschiedenen oder gleichen Hölzern bestehen. Dazwischen können zusätzliche Schräg-Verstrebungen zwischen den Querbalken, Dämmmaterial, Weichholzplatten, Papier- und/oder andere Faserschichten angeordnet werden. In Innen- und Außenwand können Tür- oder Fensterausschnitte angeordnet werden, wobei zweckmäßig der Ausschnitt in der Außenwand in Höhe und Breite kleiner ist, so dass an dem Überstand der jeweilige Tür- bzw. Fensterrahmen angebracht werden kann. Bei doppelwandiger Ausführung kann eine der Wände über den oberen Querbalken überstehen und so einen Sichtschutz bieten.

In particular, the module can be used as a wall, ceiling or roof module, for example in the following variants:

• In the former case, the parallel woods can stand vertically. It is expedient to connect these vertical timbers with at least two horizontal or transverse beams, while pegging each crossbar with each of the vertical timbers twice, in different directions. For an embodiment with outer and inner walls, another layer of wood, again in parallel to one another and / or parallel to the vertical woods, is dowelled in the same way on the opposite side of the transverse bar. Inside and outside wall can consist of different or the same woods. In between, additional slanted struts can be placed between the crossbeams, insulation material, softwood panels, paper and / or other fibrous layers. Door and window openings can be arranged in the inner and outer walls, wherein the cutout in the outer wall is expediently smaller in height and width, so that the respective door or window frame can be attached to the projection. With double-walled design can overhang one of the walls above the upper crossbar to provide privacy.

In the second case, the ceiling module, the parallel woods come to lie horizontally, so that acting on it loads. It is provided in this case, the third, connecting woods also parallel and in each case between two of the other to arrange such that the third woods on one side of the plane of the remaining woods protrude. The anchoring takes place e.g. in this plane, wherein each of the third woods over the entire length, that is connected to a plurality of alternately inclined dowels with two adjacent woods. In particular, each of the dowels protrudes through two third woods and the intervening first or second wood. Also in this case, an embodiment with two opposite, horizontal planes can be provided by again fitted between the protruding from the plane parts of the third woods and wood pegs in the same way. On the front side, a transverse strip can be dowelled as a conclusion.

In the third, not according to the invention case as a roof module, the parallel woods are generally oblique to the vertical and horizontal. A lower level of alternating first and second woods is arranged with arranged on the joints, also parallel third woods in different directions obliquely to the longitudinal direction such that in particular the bottom is not penetrated, but the dowels obliquely through the third woods in blind holes of the first or second woods protrude. This dowel expediently extends over the entire length of the third woods. In this arrangement, either directly a roof covering can be applied, or another continuous wooden layer of turn alternating woods. In this upper layer, the yes no visible surface represents, then stand the dowels through the position alternately obliquely in the third woods. To complete the space between the third woods a bar can be doweled across them. To form a canopy, the first and second, if desired, the third woods beyond stand.

Basically, the latter two constructions can be combined with each other by e.g. a surface as above for the ceiling module, which is opposite as described above for the roof module. It is also possible to use the ceiling module unchanged, but in an inclined position as a roof module, or the two-walled roof module in a horizontal position as a ceiling module (not according to the invention).

For roof and ceiling modules, the terminations may be designed so that additional modules can be placed on a shoulder of the neighboring module, so that no continuous gap remains and the modules can perform natural movements.

By anchoring by means of third woods, the first and second woods are held only pointwise and can work without causing excessive tension. The connecting third woods can be split lengthwise and pegged points, which may be useful especially when used as a wall module, as this measure the sound insulation is improved. The attachment of the crossbars of the wall module is expediently carried out in recesses in the first and second woods, wherein the Schrägverdübelung is carried out through the bearing surfaces of the recesses for the third woods. Similarly, in ceiling or roof modules recesses or bevels in the third (ceiling module) or first and second woods (roof module) may be provided to strengthen the cohesion with the respective complementary woods.

Due to the oblique orientation of the pins or dowels, in the wall module those which connect a given first and second wood to the third are at most in pairs in one plane. However, the planes spanned by several pairs of these dowels are not parallel to each other.

In embodiments, each of the third woods is pinned twice to each of the adjacent first and second woods such that the pegs face in at least four different directions. In further embodiments, opposing first and second woods are pinned with the intervening third woods, so that two parallel wooden panels arise. In other embodiments, the third woods are parallel to the first and second woods, and on or between them.

In embodiments of the manufacturing process, the dowels are pre-dried so that they swell when installed and connect the woods even more firmly.

In the context of this application means " obliquely " an included angle α from 1 ° to 89 ° or 5 ° to 70 °. " Transverse " includes "oblique", but also an included angle between 89 ° and 90 ° or between 70 ° and 90 °. Preferably, "transverse" means an included angle α of 20 ° to 90 °. The corresponding supplement angle β is in each case 180 ° -α and may alternatively be in the stated intervals. As the direction of longitudinal extension of the wood elements is understood in each case the direction of the center line comprising straight lines. The angle between such adjacent dowels connecting the same wood elements is suitably 8 ° to 120 ° or 20 ° to 80 °. Generally, at least 4 or 5 dowels per meter of wood elements are used; their total cross-section per length of wood elements For example, for dowels with a diameter of 16 mm or 12 mm, it is more than 500 mm ² / m or at least 1000 mm ² / m.

Figuren 1A-E

eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wandmoduls in diversen Perspektiven;

Figuren 2A-E

eine Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Wand- moduls in diversen Perspektiven;

Figuren 3A-E

eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Deckenmoduls in diversen Perspektiven;

Figuren 4A-E

ein Beispiel eines Dachmoduls in diversen Perspektiven;

Figuren 5+6

zwei Varianten des Dachmoduls; und

Figur 7

ein Laufdiagramm eine Herstellungsverfahrens.

Further advantages and aspects will become apparent from the following description with reference to drawings. Show it:

Figures 1A-E

an embodiment of the wall module according to the invention in various perspectives;

FIGS. 2A-E

a variant of the wall module according to the invention in various perspectives;

FIGS. 3A-E

an embodiment of the ceiling module according to the invention in various perspectives;

FIGS. 4A-E

an example of a roof module in various perspectives;

Figures 5 + 6

two variants of the roof module; and

FIG. 7

a running diagram of a manufacturing process.

In the in the Figures 1A-E The first wall module shown are two parallel wooden panels 1 and 2 formed from vertically connected squared timbers 11, 12 joined together by grooves and springs 5 (generally 1-4, alternatively foreign springs) via two transverse and horizontally arranged transverse beams 3 'and 3 "with each other pegged 4. This shows Figure 1A a complete view of the module with two removed from the front plate 2 squared timbers; FIG. 1B an exploded view; Figure 1C a top view from above; FIG. 1D a view, again with two distant squared timbers of the front plate 1; and Figure 1E a cut along in FIG. 1D dot-dash line e1-e1.

The crossbars 3 'and 3 "are in grooves 7 and recesses 6 in the vertical squared timbers 11, 12, 11', 12 'fitted, the dowels 4 are introduced obliquely to the longitudinal direction, without the outside of the plates 1, 2 to Moreover, in the illustrated embodiment, the dowels are skewed towards one another, respectively in the direction of the next adjacent squared timber 12, 11, as best seen in the plan view Figure 1C seen. For this purpose, 12 blind holes are provided in the vertical squared timbers 11, and 3 "and 3" through holes in the transverse beams 3. When mounting the recumbent module, the crossbeams 3 'and 3 "are still readily accessible from below and from above; after installation of the wall module, the dowels 4 are practically invisible. The through holes are pre-drilled and the dowels are then pressed about halfway through the blind holes through them. The later outer side 2 has the slightly longer squared timbers 11, 12 with the transverse groove 7, so that these squared timbers later stand out above the upper transverse beam 3 'and represent a screen. The transverse groove 7 is milled before the squared timbers 11, 12 are fixed to each other. Likewise, with the marginal recesses 6 of the longer (bottom) and the shorter squared timbers 11 ', 12' (bottom and top) of the later inner side 1. The cross section of the outer and inner squared timbers 11, 12 and 11 ', 12' may be identical, the wood species but different. In order to avoid continuous joints when connecting several modules, the outer and inner squared timbers can be offset from one another with uniform cross section, as shown in FIG Figure 1C is indicated. From the Figure 1E , which is a section along the dash-dotted line e1-e1 in FIG. 1D 4, it can be seen that the dowels 4 are inserted obliquely outwards through the transverse bars 3 ', 3 "into the outer 2 or inner plate 1. In this example, the angles to the longitudinal direction are the squared timbers equal in size; but it can also be provided depending on the application and different sized angles inside and outside. Similarly, the angles of the dowels to the plate normal (left and right) in Figure 1C equal in terms of size; but it is also possible to provide different angles to the plate normal.

In the in the FIGS. 2A-E illustrated second wall module are two parallel, from each other by grooves and springs 5 connected vertically squared timbers formed wood panels 1, 2 again two flat and horizontally arranged, but longitudinally split and selectively dowelled crossbars 13a 'and 13b' or 13a "and 13b " connected with each other. It shows FIG. 2A a complete view with two squared timbers; FIG. 2B an exploded view; Figure 2C a top view from above; FIG. 2D a view, again with two distant squared timbers of the front plate; and Figure 2E a section through the module along line e2-e2 in FIG. 2D , In contrast to the former module no projection of the outer wall 2 is provided in this case. This module is useful for interior walls that are thinner and therefore more susceptible to unwanted sound transmission.

Apart from the formation of the crossbar and the outer wall of this module is the same structure as that described above; Usually, the same reference numerals are used in these figures as before with the same meaning. To connect the separate crossbar components 13a 'and 13b' or 13a "and 13b", they are selectively coupled by means of through dowels 16. This ensures the strength to transfer essentially without sound.

In the in the FIGS. 3A-E shown ceiling module are two horizontal parallel wood panels by alternately arranged flat 21, 22 and 21 ', 22' and 23 upright Asked, pinned together squared timbers or beams, so that the connection between the two plates is provided by the edgewise wood 23 and dowels 24 therethrough. It shows FIG. 3A a complete view with a distant square timber at the top; FIG. 3B an exploded view; FIG. 3C a top view from above; Figure 3D a longitudinal section through the module along line e3-e3 in Figure 3C; and FIG. 3E a cross section.

How to get out of the FIGS. 3A and 3E recognizes carry up to the outside, upstanding beams 23 the main load. Due to the dowelling within the upper and lower layer with the respectively adjacent flattened squared timbers 21 and 22 or 21 'and 22' is achieved that again the dowels 24 do not pass through the top or bottom, and are invisible after the assembly , Incidentally, in this example dowels 24 are shown, which protrude through two adjacent upright squared timbers 23 and a flat intermediate squared lumber 21 or 22 or 21 'or 22 ", as in the Figures 3C and 3D can be seen. In this way, the connection to the adjacent woods is guaranteed. However, it is possible to make the anchoring only between each two adjacent woods, the dowels may be arranged in through holes or the last hole may be a blind hole. In the FIG. 3B In addition, a frontally mounted board 34 is shown, which closes the interspaces 26 formed between the parallel woods. This face board 34 is pegged or pinned 25 ', 25 "with the flattened woods 21 and 22 or 21' and 22" of the upper and lower levels in turn in two different, oblique to the longitudinal direction of the parallel woods directions. For 34 through holes 27 are provided in the front board. Conveniently, each two, a particular Square timber with the front board 34 connecting dowels 25 ', 25 "arranged facing each other .In the course of the progressive assembly of the module, in each case another of the parallel timbers with the already mounted pegged FIG. 3E can be seen, a support assembly 28 may be formed at the end of the module, with which the module can be placed on a neighboring module to form a ceiling without continuous joints.

In the in the FIGS. 4A-E shown not according to the invention first roof module are two inclined to be mounted parallel wood panels 1, 2 formed by flat Asked squared timbers 29 'and 29 ", which in turn are connected by at their joints edgewise built timbers or beams 31 shows FIG. 4A a complete view; FIG. 4B an exploded view; FIG. 4C a top view from above; Figure 4D a cross section through the module (line e4-e4); and Figure 4E a longitudinal section.

In this module, the pinning or anchoring is done obliquely by the edgewise wood 31 such that the underside of the lower plate 1 is not penetrated and thus provides an undiluted visible surface down. For this purpose, blind holes are formed in the flattened square timbers 29 "of the lower layer 1, into which the anchors 33 protrude FIGS. 4A-E shown, an upper plate 2 is provided, the squared timbers 29 'of this level are pegged from above with the upright standing timber 31. Through holes are provided in the upper plate 2. The holes in the upright standing timber 31 can either be through-holes or blind holes, since this area is no longer visible after assembly anyway. Similar to the case of the ceiling module, a support for a neighboring module can be arranged peripherally. In FIG. 4C 37 also shows a purlin, with the upper marginal squared timber is removed. The space between the parallel woods 29 ', 31, 29 "can be closed outwardly as shown by intermediate boards 38. Conveniently, these boards 38 are placed where the outer wall W terminates below (see FIG Figure 4E ), so that the protruding part of the roof module provides a canopy. Like from the Figure 4D can also be arranged on the lower plate 1, a vapor barrier 36 made of a film or the like.

At the in FIG. 5 shown first variant of the roof module, the upper of the wood panels has been omitted, so that a roof cover directly on the edged timber 31 (which in principle may also have a round or square cross-section) can be applied. FIG. 6 shows another variant of the roof module, in which the upper wooden plate 2 is formed by arranged between the edgewise wood 31 flattened squared timbers 42, similar to the design of the ceiling module according to FIGS. 3A-E. Regardless of the modular design is in FIG. 6 to recognize a laterally, ie gable-side gedübeltes end plate 41, which extends over the entire thickness of the module.

In FIG. 7 a flowchart of a manufacturing process is shown. Accordingly, first several squared timbers are laid out in parallel on a flat surface S1 as well as further squared timbers either on, or placed between the parallel squared timbers S2 and then sequentially pinned or pegged with the timber laid out on the flat surface S3. In the case that the other woods are placed on the already laid out woods, they can be placed parallel or transverse or perpendicular to the latter. The pinning or pegging takes place in embodiments in such a way that the underside of the laid-out woods is not penetrated, from which an undamaged (later visual) surface results. If a double-layered module is to be produced, squared timbers can again be arranged on or between parts of the further woods leading away from the flat surface and pinned or pinned to these parts S4. The resulting gap can be closed off at the front eg by a board S5. In addition, sealing or insulating material can be introduced into the intermediate space S6. For exterior wall modules, one or two layers of impregnated paper (or other fiber material) are expediently used as windbreak, and one or more sheets of softwood fiber as thermal insulation. If several plates are stacked, they can be connected, if desired, with a small amount of white glue. In addition, if additional stiffening is desired, an array of vertically skewed struts may be provided in the space between the upper and lower transoms. These struts can be dotted up or down with the crossbars, or juxtaposed. If both oblique struts and insulation are provided, the insulation material is cut according to the inclination of the struts. Furthermore, a door and / or window frame may be provided in the space in wall modules. In this case, the vertical squared timbers are shortened or divided accordingly, in such a way that a smaller opening remains in the outer layer than in the inner layer. As a result, the door or window frame can be fastened from the inside to the protruding edge of the outer layer.

In summary, according to the invention, first and second elongate timber building elements, eg square timbers or beams, are arranged alternately next to one another in a single plane. A connection is provided by either the third, transverse or parallel to the first and second lying third elements thereon. The third elements are in at least two different with the first and second Directions obliquely and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the first and second elements pinned or pegged.

In embodiments, the first and second elements are identical per se and are part of the same plate. A possibly opposite second plate is accordingly formed by possibly differently constructed fourth and fifth, in turn alternating elements, so that the first to fifth elements form an H-like structure (exception: top open roof module according to FIG. 5 ). In this case, the central third element is connected to each of the four surrounding elements by at least two obliquely oriented dowels (pins), resulting in the particular stability and durability. Obviously, in the case of the ceiling and the closed roof module, substantially more than two piles per "H" and also a plurality of "H" s are required, while in the case of the wall module, each of the two bars has a multiplicity of "H" s. H "s (side by side) forms, that is connected to a plurality of first and second (possibly also fourth and fifth) elements. " A variety " in this sense are at least six. The resilience of the presented modules results from the variety and mutually angled arrangement of the dowels. Preferably, the dowels are introduced with a lower moisture content than the moisture content of the building moisture (eg pre-dried) in obliquely pre-drilled holes. Suitable are hardwoods, such as beech and oak. Due to the oblique to the axis and possibly level drilled dowels results in a three-dimensional, solid compound on the Abscherflächen and friction surfaces.

Further advantages of the construction according to the invention are the variable wood dimensions, the simplicity of any pre-installation S7 (such as pipes), the high storage capacity due to the massive inner and outer walls, the small reduction of the insulation by thermal bridging wood shares, and to see the high-quality visible surface on both sides. The modules represent ready-to-use components for which no previous insulation or facade is necessary. The elements can work individually, resulting in fewer cracks. Nevertheless, an exact component size is guaranteed. The production takes place on the lying object and is simple. Depending on the structural-physiological requirements and wishes for steel and chemical products such as synthetic glue in the components can be dispensed with.

Claims (11)

1. A wooden construction module, in particular a wall module, comprising:

   a plurality of first elongate wooden construction members (11, 12) each having a first length extension direction, the plurality of first elongate wooden construction members together forming a first wooden plate (2);

   a plurality of second elongate wooden construction members (11', 12') each having a second length extension direction parallel to the first, the plurality of second elongate wooden construction members together forming a second wooden plate (1) parallel to the first;

   at least two third elongate wooden construction members (3', 3") each having a third length extension direction, the third length extension direction being transverse or perpendicular to the first and second length extension direction, and

   a first arrangement of connection pins (4) between the third elongate wooden construction members (3', 3") on the one hand and the first elongate wooden construction members (11, 12) on the other hand, as well as a second arrangement of connection pins (4) between the third elongate wooden construction members (3', 3") on the one hand and the second elongate wooden construction members (11', 12') on the other hand, wherein the first and second arrangement of connection pins (4) are arrayed in the third length extension direction,

   characterized in that

   the connection pins of the first and second arrangement (4) are oriented in at least two different directions obliquely and transversely to the length extension directions of the first and second wooden construction members, and do not transsect the visible faces of the first and second wooden construction elements of the wooden construction module.
2. The wooden construction module of claim 1, wherein the first and second wooden construction elements respectively forming the first and second wooden plate are mutually connected by grooves and tongues (5).
3. A wooden construction module, in particular a ceiling or roof module, comprising:

   a plurality of first elongate wooden construction members (21) each having a first length extension direction;

   a plurality of second elongate wooden construction members (22) each having a second length extension direction parallel to the first;

   at least two third elongate wooden construction members (23) each having a third length extension direction; and

   a first arrangement of connection pins (24) between the third elongate wooden construction members (23) on the one hand and the first elongate wooden construction members (21) on the other hand, as well as a second arrangement of connection pins (24) between the third elongate wooden construction members (23) on the one hand and the second elongate wooden construction members (22) on the other hand, wherein the first and second arrangement of connection pins (24) are arrayed in the third length extension direction,

   characterized in that

   the first and second wooden construction elements are arranged coplanarly, and the plurality of first elongate wooden construction members and the plurality of second elongate wooden construction members together with a plurality of third elongate wooden construction members (23), the third length direction extension of which is parallel to the first and second length extension direction, form a wooden plate in an alternating fashion, from which parts of the third elongate wooden construction members (23) project,

   wherein the connection pins of the first and second arrangement (24) are oriented in at least two different directions obliquely and transversely to the length extension directions of the first and second elongate wooden construction members,

   wherein the visible faces of the first and second wooden construction elements (21, 22) of the wooden construction module are not transsected by the connection pins.
4. The wooden construction module of claim 3, wherein first elongate wooden construction members and second elongate wooden construction members (21', 22') are arranged, in an alternating fashion, between the projecting parts of the third elongate wooden construction members (23) to form another composite wooden plate on the side of the third elongate wooden construction members (23) opposite to the said wooden plate.
5. The wooden construction module of one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the third elongate wooden construction members is dowelled to at least two of the first elongate wooden construction members and with at least two of the second elongate wooden construction members, and the at least four pinned fittings point in different directions.
6. The wooden construction module of one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection pins are formed as wood plugs.
7. Use of the wooden construction module of one of claims 1 to 2, or one of claims 5 and 6 dependent therefrom, as a wall module, wherein the first and second extension direction is vertical.
8. Use of the wooden construction module of one of claims 3 to 4, or one of claims 5 and 6 dependent therefrom, as a roof module, wherein the first and second extension direction is inclined to the horizontal and to the vertical direction.
9. Use of the wooden construction module of claim 3 or 4, or one of claims 5 and 6 dependent therefrom, as a ceiling module, wherein the first and second extension direction is horizontal.
10. A method for manufacturing the wooden construction module of claim 3, the method comprising:

    adjacently laying plural, namely first and second elongate wooden construction members, with their lower sides on a plane surface in a laying direction transverse to a length extension direction of the elongate wooden construction members (S1);

    laying plural further, namely third elongate wooden construction members between the adjacently laid first and second elongate wooden construction members (S2); and

    dowelling each of the third elongate wooden construction members to at least two of the adjacently laid first and second elongate wooden construction members subsequently in the laying direction such that the lower sides of the first and second elongate wooden construction members lying on the plane surface are not transsected during dowelling, wherein the dowelling in each of the third elongate wooden construction members is made transverse to the length extension direction and oblique to the laying direction such that at least two pins point in at least two different directions (S3).
11. A method for manufacturing the wooden construction module of claim 1, the method comprising:

    adjacently laying plural, namely first elongate wooden construction members, with their lower sides on a plane surface in a laying direction transverse to a length extension direction of the elongate wooden construction members (S1);

    laying plural further, namely third elongate wooden construction members on the adjacently laid first elongate wooden construction members (S2); and

    twice dowelling each of the third elongate wooden construction members to at least two of the adjacently laid first elongate wooden construction members subsequently in the laying direction such that the lower sides of the first elongate wooden construction members lying on the plane surface are not transsected during dowelling, wherein the dowelling in each of the third elongate wooden construction members is made transverse to the length extension direction and oblique to the laying direction such that at least four pins point in different directions (S3),

    further comprising laying plural further, namely second elongate wooden construction members on the laid-out third elongate wooden construction members; and

    twice dowelling each of the third elongate wooden construction members to at least two of the second elongate wooden construction members such that the at least four pins of the pinned fittings point in different directions, wherein the visible faces of the second elongate wooden construction members are not transsected.

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