EP0667426B1 - Latticework structure, in particular roof truss or hall made of laminated wood - Google Patents

Abstract

The connecting components (6,7) are formed by tabs (7) and accommodations (6), which are joined to each other by bolts (9), whereby the tabs are let into the head area of a bar (3), so that a tongue area (10) remains free, which at least has a central bore for admission of a bolt (9). The accommodations (6) are inserted at the node points of the binders (2) for receipt of the tongue area of the tabs and have a shaft for receiving the tongue area of the tabs together with a bore running crossways to the run of the shaft, which is also guided by the abutting flanks of the binder.

Description

The invention relates to a truss structure, the especially for roof structures and hall in wood glue construction suitable is. With this framework construction are wooden building elements, especially in the form of binders and bars, at nodes of the truss by means of sunken Metal fasteners connected together. The invention further relates to retractable connecting elements for nodes in truss constructions and wooden components provided with it.

Truss structures have become common in modern construction especially in the construction of roof structures and proven halls suitable for different purposes, using solid wood constructions can, but especially the so-called wood glue construction - BS wood - is used in the boards Layer by layer to the required wooden building elements, in particular Supports, trusses and rods are glued. However, this half-timbered construction method is also increasingly found Entrance to normal house building, especially because of the variability of the design options and the special one desired by many clients Properties of wood. In addition, components in wood glue construction a very versatile Solution for load-bearing building elements, for example Belts and ties, which are lightweight extremely high static strength bring and a long service life even in the event of fire ensure that, for example, of comparable Structural steel components cannot be reached. Out this is why not just sports halls and manufacturing buildings of the industry, but also increasingly public buildings with a half-timbered roof structure created.

Such wooden structures, such as those used in the construction of Roof structures and entire halls for a variety of purposes come, exist, except for the rising walls that come in Wood construction or mineral construction materials can consist of a truss frame support structure of essentially horizontal Bottom straps or ties and essentially vertical supports or bars. This support structure supports the top chords or roof beams. The loads are over transfer the bottom chords or trusses to the rising walls or supports. Trusses and rods are connected to each other at nodes, whereby Production of this connection uses common connections of timber construction become as they are known to the carpenter, but now also technically More sophisticated solutions are chosen, for example, in the wood Gusset plates. These gusset plates are based on the dimensions of the Wooden components, d. H. the trusses and rods adjusted and there in slots sunk in and held in place by anchors passed through. They have proven themselves on the whole, but have the disadvantage that they create a rigid connection between trusses and bars that are not is more solvable and partly due to an unavoidable eccentricity Generate additional moments in the connecting rods. Manufacturing is also required this connection, in addition to an elaborate preparation, also a precise one Work on the building site, d. H. under the difficult conditions of timber construction in u. U. considerable amount.

From DE-U-92 04 092 a truss structure is known in the rod-shaped Components via interlocking first and second connection parts are interconnected. A first connector that is connected to a first rod-shaped component is arranged, has a vertical blanking plate an upper recess and a lower engaging element. That on has a second rod-shaped component arranged second connection part at least one vertical plate with an upper engaging element and one lower recess. The two connecting parts are by side slide into each other and connected by means of a corresponding holes guided locking pin secured to each other.

From DE-A-39 23 471 a truss structure is known, in which Head area of a rod arranged tabs with recordings in the node of a binder. The tabs are made of a composite Wooden boards and metal slats introduced over welding spots. The Recordings consist of corresponding recesses in with metal fins reinforced glue binders.

The object of the invention is to provide a node connection for To design truss structures with connecting elements made of metal, that the individual elements are prefabricated and pre-assembled in the workshop can be, so that the elements on the construction site only have to be put together. Furthermore, this connection should be like this be trained that the prefabrication of the elements largely by machine can be done with great precision that a complex Rework on the site can be omitted. The node connection should also be articulated. Finally the node connection should be designed detachable, what it allowed multi-purpose halls for specific purposes and short Time to erect, dismantle after use and build in a new place for a new purpose.

This task is accomplished with a truss structure achieved at the beginning, in which Binder and Bars at nodes of the truss by means of countersunk Metal fasteners connected together are, the connecting elements are formed by tabs and receptacles that are connected by bolts, characterized in that the Tabs embedded in the head area of a rod are so that a tongue area remains free, the one has a central hole for the passage of a bolt, the pictures taken in at the nodes of the trusses are and a shaft for receiving the tongue area of the tabs and one across Course of the shaft running hole, which too is led through the adjacent flanks of the truss, and that the tabs with their tongue area in the recordings are introduced and in the recordings by means of bolt passed through the bore Generation of a joint connection are set.

In particular, come as a truss construction according to the invention Roof structures and halls in solid wood and Wood glue construction in question, where wood construction elements Truss nodes by means of recessed connecting elements made of metal are interconnected. Under wood glue construction, constructs are made from the usual Glulam understood, but also from wood-based materials, the engineered under the collective name "engineered wood "can be summarized, i.e. lumber from parallel glued short or long strips of wood (LSL and PSL), made of peeled veneer (LVL) and constructs made from several of these wood-based materials are created. The points are also used as nodes understood a framework construction, on which a Truss or lower chord on a rising building element, for example on a towering wall made of mineral or metallic building materials or wood or one Support element made of wood, concrete, steel or other building materials, is anchored. In this case, too the connecting elements on the towering component be anchored without it being essential that it is sunk in it.

According to the invention, tabs and receptacles come as connecting elements used, the recordings for several tabs put together in one receiving element could be. This is at the nodes of a truss the case where several are mounted vertically and at an angle Bars of the supporting structure converge. In in any case a bolt is required to make one or several tabs of a bar element in the corresponding one Determine the inclusion of a binder.

The usage elements and bolts are made from one generated metallic material, usually from one made of suitable and approved structural steel for this purpose or aluminum.

A tab consists of a flat piece of metal a tongue area with a central hole. The tab is in the head area of a rod recessed or sunk and in it by means of suitable Holding elements, for example a variety of Dowels, fixed. The tongue area of the tab remains free and expediently runs in the longitudinal direction of the rod provided with it. Cranked arrangements are but also possible and may be appropriate to sloping bars of the support structure in the truss to anchor. If there are several in one node converging bars this can be a desired one Bring space savings.

The recordings are at the nodes in the components recessed, each with the receiving shaft accessible to accommodate the tongue area of a tab remains. A recording expediently consists of a U-profile, the leg of which is inserted into it Flank the tongue of a tab and thus a two-edged Create connection. A hole across the Course of the shaft through the legs of the profile enables the bolt to be passed through and secured a tab with its tongue area. It can there are also several holes for several bolts be.

Tabs and receptacles are in slit-shaped depressions or recesses of the corresponding component (Truss, column or rod) -sunk. The across each receptacle runs at least one hole for Admission of the bolt sits in the flanking Divide the tie into it so that the bolt or bolts from the outside through the truss with sunk into it Recording can be pushed. Is the bolt connection designed to be detachable, it is advisable to use the Bolt a connection by a suitable one Securing element, for example a spring washer or a locking pin to secure in place.

Depending on the size of the truss structure, cross section of the Binder and rods and the expected load can be expedient to be used according to the invention Fasteners in pairs or in use a larger number in parallel. This will achieved greater stability of the connection and in particular forces in the transverse direction to the supporting structure counteracted. In this case, too Connection between the brackets arranged in parallel and shots in parallel slots in the components are arranged by a Bolt made.

The connection of the two connecting elements over just one bolt has two advantages itself: On the one hand, the connection is formed as a joint, what a certain flexibility of construction in the longitudinal direction of the structure. On the other hand assembly and disassembly are simplified and will the number of parts required is reduced. The usage there is only one bolt per rod to be connected mostly proven to be completely sufficient statically.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous To provide mounts and tabs with centering elements. These centering elements, for example as bevels, flanges or wings and in corresponding recesses of the respective component intervene, especially when it comes to mechanical Preparation of the corresponding components precisely fitting insertion of the connecting elements in the workpiece to be equipped with it. Fit in the The order of 1/10 mm is easily possible. In this way it is possible to use a numerical controlled milling machine to mill the components and prepare that the binding elements in the desired position can be introduced and determined can, without the need for rework. This diminishes the manufacturing and assembly costs and allowed the prefabrication of standardized components.

The centering elements can have any shape, for example, rectangular bevels, be circular or also segmental. However, circular centering elements are particularly useful, since this is drilling the appropriate one Recordings or recesses allowed in the component. Also useful are centering elements in the form of circular sections, especially if they are bilateral the legs of a receptacle are arranged and too complete an imaginary full circle - here too precise drilling of the corresponding recess in the component possible.

As already stated, several connecting elements can be used embedded in a wooden building element parallel to each other be. In this case it may be useful to form these connecting elements in one piece which the individual shafts or tabs through transverse Centering elements firmly connected are. This facilitates centering during installation the fasteners in the wooden building element.

The connecting elements are expediently in the wooden component firmly anchored. This can be done on any known Way, but conveniently with a variety of through the wooden component and that or the connecting elements stored therein Dowels. Corresponding holes in the wooden component and Fasteners are required for this by a coordinate controlled drill through wood and Metal material can be performed. Is expedient however, that the connecting element these holes has already before installation and the corresponding Drilling holes in the wooden component in preparation for introduced the installation of the respective connecting element the positioning based on the location the recess or recesses of the centering element or elements of the corresponding connecting element he follows. To the wooden building element in its static To impair properties as little as possible it is appropriate to use a variety of dowels with little To provide diameter.

For positioning the connecting element in the wooden component it may be appropriate to use anchoring aids to provide, for example in the form of in the wood reaching thorns from the centering element can be punched out and bent downwards. Pens and Screws can also be used.

The truss construction according to the invention can on Nodes must be designed so that the trusses and Rods are each mated together so that in this area the connecting elements through the surrounding Wood mass are protected. To protect against this Corrosion - and in the event of fire before exposure to heat - further to increase, it may be appropriate to the fasteners to sink so deeply into the wooden construction elements that they are in the areas that are not free can be protected by wooden covers that in appropriate recesses are fitted.

Fig. 1

eine Fachwerk-Tragkonstruktion;

Fig. 2

einen Knotenpunkt einer erfindungsgemäßen Fachwerkkonstruktion in seitlicher Ansicht;

Fig. 3

drei Ausführungsformen einer Lasche, wie sie erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz kommt;

Fig. 4

die Einzelelemente einer Knotenverbindung;

Fig. 5

erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz kommende Aufnahmen;

Fig. 6

den Binder einer erfindungsgemäßen Fachwerkkonstruktion mit eingesetzter Aufnahme im Querschnitt;

Fig. 7

einen Binder und einen Stab mit darin angeordneten Verbindungselementen vor dem Zusammenbau;

Fig. 8

einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Knotenpunkt einer Fachwerkkonstruktion in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Fig. 9

eine Verbindung aus Stab und aufgehender Stütze aus Holz, Stahl oder Beton und

Fig. 10

eine Verbindung zwischen einem Binder und einer aufgehenden profilierten Stütze aus Stahl oder Beton.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures. Show from the pictures

Fig. 1

a truss structure;

Fig. 2

a node of a truss structure according to the invention in a side view;

Fig. 3

three embodiments of a tab, as used according to the invention;

Fig. 4

the individual elements of a node connection;

Fig. 5

recordings used according to the invention;

Fig. 6

the truss of a truss structure according to the invention with inserted receptacle in cross section;

Fig. 7

a binder and a rod with fasteners disposed therein prior to assembly;

Fig. 8

a node designed according to the invention of a truss structure in a perspective view;

Fig. 9

a combination of rod and rising support made of wood, steel or concrete and

Fig. 10

a connection between a truss and a rising profiled column made of steel or concrete.

Fig. 1 shows a conventional truss structure as it for roof structures and in hall construction. On rising walls or pillars 1 is a Lower chord or truss 2, which in turn is vertical or inclined support beams or rods 3 supports. The support structure formed from the binder 2 and the bars 3 stabilizes the top chord 4. Binder 2 and Support rods 3 are in turn brought together at nodes 5; likewise for the purposes of the invention Support of the binder 2 on the rising support elements 1 as node 5 '. In classic half-timbered buildings can have 1 to 5 support rods in a node converge.

Fig. 2 shows a node 5 at which two support rods 3 converge and on a binder 2 with the invention Funds are set. By dashed lines Lines are within the wooden building elements 2 and 3 the internal connecting elements 6 and 7 are indicated, namely a receptacle 6 within the binder 2 and tabs 7 within the rods 3. The connecting elements 6 and 7 are through a variety of through the wooden component and the connecting element guided Dowel 8 connected. The wooden building elements are shown shown cut open to the position the recessed connecting elements to make it clear.

It should be noted that the recording 6 within the Binder 2 is suitable, the tabs 7 of two rods 3rd record and define. The determination is made with Help of bolts 9, the outside by appropriate Bores in the binder 2, the receptacle 6 and the tongue area 10 of the tabs 7 are guided.

Centering elements are also shown in the figure 11, which is transverse to the course of the connecting elements 6 and 7 extend and correct positioning the connecting elements in the wooden construction elements Secure 2 and 3.

It can be clearly seen that the connecting elements completely inside the wooden components 2 and 3 located, which ensures optimal fire protection, especially if the parts of the Countersink slots in the wooden construction elements through accordingly dimensioned wooden parts are locked.

Fig. 3 shows three embodiments of a tab, such as it is used according to the invention. A tab 7 according to (a) consists of an elongated flat iron, the merges into a rounded tongue 10 at one end, which has a central bore 12. Right Angle for the course of the tab 7 can be found on the long side attached centering elements 11 in the form of Circular sections. The tab 7 is except her Tongue area 10 in a slot-shaped recess of a rod sunk, the centering elements 11 engage in appropriately designed recesses. The centering elements allow precise fitting the tab 7 in the rod 3 and allow one Appropriate preparation of the wooden workpiece using a coordinate-controlled processing machine, in particular regarding the milling of the tab receiving slot, the drilling of the holes to accommodate the dowel fastenings and with regard the design of the head piece of the rod for adaptation to the external dimensions of the connected binder.

3 (b) and (c) show a double strap in the form of two parallel strap elements 7 with tongues 10 and aligned central holes 12 for receiving a bolt 11, wherein in a Fall the centering elements 11 as the two Circular disks connecting tab parts are formed and in the other case as wing elements 13 and 14, of which one (13) the two tab elements 7 bridge-like connects and the other two (14) wing-like stand out. The design of the centering elements 13 and 14 in the case of Fig. 3 (c) as attached (bridging or protruding) angle allows a deeper one Countersinking the tabs 7 in the wooden workpiece without it leads to a weakening of the material accordingly deeply milled recesses for the centering elements 13 and 14 is coming.

4a shows the interaction of one with one Double strap 7 provided rod 3 with a double holder 6 provided binder 2. In the case of Rod 3, the dowels 8 are shown; any centering elements on the tab 7 are omitted. To the Recording 6 around the receiving binder 2 is indicated. A through hole 12 is used for fixing the tab 7 with the help of a bolt, bends 11 are used for centering and protection at the same time the surfaces of the binder 2 in the area of the connection the rod 3 against damage. Thorns 16 point from the folds 11 down into the wood and serve the fixation of the receiving element 6; they were by simply punching out and bending down generated.

The U-shaped one can be clearly seen in the receptacle 6 Structure in which a central shaft 18 of two legs 17 is flanked.

4b shows a further embodiment of a a tab equipped rod, like the one for the oblique Approach to a binder is suitable. Same numbers mean same positions. It is clear that for the exact fit of the rod to a truss precise machining of the head piece in compliance the length and angle dimensions are required and at the same time a precise insertion of the tab 7, which the Centering elements (not shown in this figure) cause.

Fig. 5 shows two embodiments of the invention used receiving elements 6 with (Fig. 5a) clearly formed shaft 18, the side legs 17 is flanked, and patch Centering elements 11 with thorns 16 (or Wood screws) as anchoring aids that are used in the prepared slot of the binder 2 inserted receptacle 6 in through the recess for centering 11 predetermined position fixed. A final one permanent determination is made by (not here shown) multiple dowels.

5 (b) shows another embodiment of a Receptacle 6, in which the centering elements 11 are not, 5 (a), as a segment of a circle Wings are formed, which are in between Extend recess to a full circle, but as bevels with a vertically downwards pointing fixation aid 16. Designate otherwise same digits same positions.

Fig. 6 shows a binder 2 with two parallel to each other inserted shots 6, the centering elements 11 of the receptacle 6 also has a surface protection form the binder 2. Clearly visible is the U-shaped profile of the recording, in which the For example, shaft 18 has a clear width of 6 mm has and the two legs 17 of 3 mm. Accordingly, the tab that is inserted into the receptacle becomes about 5 to 6 mm thick. In comparison the edge length of the binder in cross section is approximately 130 mm. The centering elements 11 shown here are Although not embedded in the binder, it does nonetheless, by being on the plane Lying on wooden surface, an alignment and height positioning of the recordings 6 in the binder 2. The height the bores 12 are indicated by dashed lines, also the position of the holes 19 for receiving the dowel 8.

Fig. 7 shows a binder 2 and a rod 3 with inserted double-designed connecting elements 6 and 7 ready for assembly. The recordings are, with the exception the centering elements 11 projecting upwards, completely sunk into corresponding slots in the binder 2, the tabs 7 only protrude with their tongue area 10, which also has the aligned bores 12, out of the head piece of the wooden workpiece 3. The centering elements 11 are in corresponding recesses of the wooden workpiece 2 or 3 sunk and close flush with the surfaces of the wooden workpiece from. With machine-controlled processing of Binder 2 and rod 3, in which the milled slots, Cutouts, the hole 12 for the bolt and additional Bores 19 for the dowels 8 after entered Coordinates are worked out is precise Seat of the standardized and prefabricated connecting element guaranteed in the wooden workpiece and a problem-free Assembled at the assembly site.

Fig. 8 shows a node produced according to the invention made of truss and two rods, with inserted Bolt, centering element of the tab 7 and in the Shafts 18 of the receptacles 6 introduced tongues 10 of the Tab 7. The same numbers indicate the same positions.

Fig. 9 shows a connection between a rising Prop 1 made of wood or a mineral or metallic building material, for example concrete or steel, can exist, and a rod 3, which is part of a roof structure is. Inserted into the rising prop 1 there is a receptacle 6 which has a fold 11 in the area that has to the vertical surface the support 1 is adjacent, into which the receptacle 6 is inserted is. The bevel 11 serves to protect the surface of the support element 1 in the area of the receptacle 6 and at the same time as a centering element.

The rod 7 is made of solid or wide glue. Let in in the end region of the rod 7 there is Tab 7 with a tongue area 10, which in the recording 6 engages in the rising support 1. The Tab 7 is with a plurality of dowels 8 in the rod 3rd anchored and via the centering elements 11 in corresponding Cutouts positioned in rod 3. The Connection between rod 3 and rising column 1 is carried out by a bolt 9 which crosses through corresponding Bores in the support 1, the receptacle 6 and the tongue area 10 of the tab 7 is guided.

Fig. 10 shows a corresponding connection of a binder 2 on a rising support 1 made of a steel profile, this as a double T with a cover plate 19 is trained. Welded on the cover plate 19 is the tab required to make the connection, here consists only of their tongue area 10. This head training also applies to a support made of mineral building materials (concrete or similar). The placed binder 2 contains the receptacle 6, which is positioned via centerings 11 and via dowels 8 in the corresponding recesses. The binder consists of Solid wood or plywood. The connection is via a bolt 9, the through a corresponding hole in the binder 2, in the receptacle 6 and in the Tongue 10 is guided, secured.

Fitting a fastener into a wooden component like this used according to the invention, first requires that Wooden building element in a defined working position in a processing machine is brought and there for receiving the connecting element required recesses or slots in the required number becomes. In further steps, the same time or in any order can take place, are relative to the position of the to be processed Timber component, the recesses for receiving the centering, the bore for receiving the bolt and further holes for receiving the dowels Definition of the connecting element introduced in the wooden component. It is it is particularly important that the positions of these points - suitably about a coordinate control - are precisely aligned relative to each other and also assume the desired position in the wooden building element. The construction of the standardized connecting element can then be based on with great accuracy the position of the recess for the centering aid.

Finally, the invention also relates to at least one Truss construction equipped wooden building elements.

Claims (11)

1. A roof truss construction, particularly a domestic or industrial roof structure using a wood-cement assembly method, in which truss beams (2) and struts (3) are connected to each other at junction points (5) of the roof truss by means of embedded connector elements (6, 7) made of metal, whereby the connector elements (6, 7) are in the form of straps (7) and fixing flanges (6) which are connected to each other by means of bolts (9), characterised in that the straps (7) are embedded into the face end of a strut (3) so that a tongue area (10) is left free which in each case comprises a centrally drilled hole (12) for the insertion of a bolt (9), that the fixing flanges (6) are embedded into the truss beams (2) at the junction points (5) and comprise a cavity (18) for the reception of the tongue area (10) of the straps (7) as well as a drilled hole (12) which runs at right angles to the line of the cavity (18) and through the adjacent flanks of the truss beam (2), and that the straps (7) are inserted, by means of their tongues (10), into the fixing flanges (6) and, with the articulated connection thus produced, are locked in position in the fixing flanges (6) by means of the bolt (9) which is inserted through the drilled hole (12).
2. A roof truss construction according to claim 1, characterised in that the connector elements (6, 7) are arranged at least in pairs parallel to each other.
3. A roof truss construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the straps (7) and/or fixing flanges (6) comprise centering elements (11) which are inserted into correspondingly dimensioned recesses of the struts (3) and/or of the truss beams (2).
4. A roof truss construction according to claim 3, characterised in that the centering elements (11) are present in the form of nogs, which are rectangular, circular or in the shape of a segment of a circle, running parallel to the surface of the strut (3) and/or of the truss beam (2) into which the connector element (6, 7) is inserted.
5. A roof truss construction according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the centering elements (11) connect together several connector elements (6, 7) which are arranged parallel to each other.
6. A roof truss construction according to claim 4 or 5, characterised by centering elements (11) which are in the shape of a segment of a circle and located to either side of a reception cavity (18) and which mathematically complement each other to form a full circle.
7. A roof truss construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connector elements (6, 7) are anchored in the respective wooden element (2, 3) by means of a plurality of dowels.
8. A roof truss construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connector elements (6, 7) comprise anchoring aids (16).
9. A roof truss construction according to claim 8, characterised in that the anchoring aids (16) are present in the form of spikes pointing into the wooden element (2, 3).
10. A combination consisting of a roof truss construction according to one of the preceding claims and of building elements in the process of being erected, characterised in that the roof truss construction is anchored to the building elements being erected (1) by means of fixing flanges (6) and straps (7).
11. A wooden building element with at least one roof truss construction according to one of the claims 1 to 9.

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