EP3429722A1 - Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière comportant un matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent - Google Patents

Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière comportant un matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent

Info

Publication number
EP3429722A1
EP3429722A1 EP17709993.4A EP17709993A EP3429722A1 EP 3429722 A1 EP3429722 A1 EP 3429722A1 EP 17709993 A EP17709993 A EP 17709993A EP 3429722 A1 EP3429722 A1 EP 3429722A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recycled
vacuum cleaner
layers
layer
filter bag
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17709993.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralf Sauer
Jan Schultink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eurofilters NV
Original Assignee
Eurofilters NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=56404040&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3429722(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from EP16160921.9A external-priority patent/EP3219373B1/fr
Priority claimed from EP16160922.7A external-priority patent/EP3219374B1/fr
Application filed by Eurofilters NV filed Critical Eurofilters NV
Publication of EP3429722A1 publication Critical patent/EP3429722A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
    • A47L9/14—Bags or the like; Rigid filtering receptacles; Attachment of, or closures for, bags or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1615—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1638—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being particulate
    • B01D39/1646—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being particulate of natural origin, e.g. cork or peat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
    • B01D2239/0283—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising filter materials made from waste or recycled materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0618—Non-woven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/08—Special characteristics of binders
    • B01D2239/086—Binders between particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vacuum cleaner filter bags made of waste products of the textile industry.
  • uses of waste products of the textile industry for vacuum cleaner filter bags are given.
  • Filter bags made of nonwovens have virtually completely replaced paper filter bags in the last 10 years because of the significantly better performance properties. In particular, the separation efficiency, the clogging tendency and the mechanical strength were continuously improved.
  • the nonwovens used for this purpose are usually formed from thermoplastic materials, in particular polypropylene (PP) and / or polyester (PET).
  • Biodegradable filter bags as proposed in EP 2 301 404 and WO 201 1/047764 also do not seem to be a promising approach for improving the ecological properties, since filter bags are often disposed of via waste incineration and composting alone is the main reason non-biodegradable material is out of the question.
  • nonwoven filter bags for vacuum cleaners always consist of several layers (EP 0 960 645, EP 1 198 280, EP 2 433 695, EP 1 254 693). Support layers are used to achieve the necessary mechanical strength, coarse filter layers which have a high storage capacity for dust, without the air resistance increases too much and fine filter layers for the filtration of particles ⁇ 1 ⁇ .
  • diffusers and partitions have also been used in filter bags for some years to optimize the flow conditions in the filter bag in order to increase service life.
  • meltblown microfiber nonwovens are used as a fine filter layer. These meltblown nonwovens are extrusion nonwovens, usually made of polypropylene and have Filament diameter in the range of less than 1 ⁇ to a few ⁇ on. In order to achieve high separation performance, these materials are electrostatically charged (eg by means of corona discharge). To further improve the separation efficiency, it has been proposed to apply nanofibers produced in the electrospinning process to nonwoven carrier materials (DE 199 19 809).
  • Staple fiber nonwovens, extrusion nonwovens, but also nonwoven fabrics are used for the capacity situation.
  • the materials used for capacitance layers are usually polypropylene or polyester, but also fluff pulp (EP 0 960 645, EP 1 198 280).
  • CN101747596 describes the use of recycled PET or recycled PBT (rPET / rPBT) as material for microfilaments.
  • the present invention thus relates to a vacuum cleaner filter bag comprising a wall enclosing an interior of an air-permeable material.
  • the air-permeable Material is introduced into an inlet opening.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to the invention is characterized in that the air-permeable material comprises at least one layer of a nonwoven fabric comprising dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, especially cotton textiles, and / or from the wool pile and / or seed fibers.
  • the at least one layer of the nonwoven fabric which comprises dust and / or fibrous recycled material, has a density of from 0.005 g / cm 3 to 0.03 g / cm 3 , in particular from 0.007 g / cm 3 to 0.02 g / cm 3 up.
  • the dust and / or fiber-form recycled material from the production of textiles is particularly important in the processing of textile materials (in particular textile fibers and filaments, as well as linear, planar and spatial textile structures produced therewith), such as, for example, the manufacture (comprising carding, spinning, Cutting and drying) or the recycling of textile materials.
  • These dust and / or fibrous materials are waste materials that can settle on the machinery or filter materials used to process the textiles.
  • the dusts or fibers are normally disposed of and thermally recycled.
  • the dust and / or fibrous recycled material is, for example, production waste; This applies in particular to material obtained as a waste product during carding, spinning, cutting or drying of textile materials. Typical examples are filament and thread remnants from spinning, edge strips from surface production and complete patches.
  • Such textile wastes are described in "Nonwovens: Raw Materials, Production, Application, Properties, Testing", H. Fuchs, W. Albrecht, 2nd edition 2012, Wiley-VCH Verlag (hereinafter also referred to as "Nonwoven Handbook") in Section 1.3. 1 described in more detail. This is also referred to as "pre-consumer waste”.
  • the dust and / or fiber form recycled material used in the manufacture of textiles thus includes, in particular, fibers made from waste materials from the textile and clothing industry, from post-consumer waste (textiles and the like) and from products that have been collected for recycling , were won.
  • the density p raw m / (V fes t + V por ) (also referred to as "bulk density") of a solid (here the nonwoven fabric) is understood to mean the density of the solid based on the total volume including the pore spaces, where m is the mass of the solid Solids, V denotes the volume of the material fraction (in the case of the nonwoven material, in particular of the fibers or filaments) and V pores the pore volume
  • the total volume, including the pore spaces (V solid + V por ) is a product of the thickness and area of the material in question
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric here and below is determined according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2: 1996, Section 5.2 ("Voluminous nonwovens with a thickness of up to 20 mm"). The area is obtained by measuring the length and width. The mass is weighed.
  • a nonwoven fabric in particular from the recycled material in said space weight range has an exceptionally high dust storage capacity. He is thus particularly suitable for use as capacity in a vacuum cleaner filter bag.
  • the dust and / or fibrous recycled material may include or be cotton dust and / or tearing fibers.
  • the seed fibers may be cotton linters or kapok fibers.
  • Tear fibers are textile fibers in the second processing cycle, as described in Chapter 1.3 of the Nonwoven Manual. They are obtained from the textile material, in particular textile waste, by the ripping process outlined in chapter 1.3.2. Through this textile individual fibers are recovered. In the ripping process in particular coarsely pre-shredded materials for structure resolution by a tearing machine (tufting) are performed. In addition to the tearing drum described therein, the material can continue to be guided through a hammer mill in the context of structural resolution.
  • Cotton linters are short cotton fibers that adhere to the cotton seed core after the long seed hair (cotton) has been removed from the core. Cotton linters vary widely in fiber length (typically 1 to 6 mm) and purity, are non-spun, and are normally a non-recyclable residue in the textile industry and thus a waste product. One can choose between First Cut (FC-Linters), Second Cut (FC). SC-Linters) and Mill Run differ. Linters can be cleaned and bleached to recover Cotton Linters Cellulose (CLC). Cotton linters can also be used for the nonwovens that can be used in air-permeable materials for the vacuum cleaner filter bags according to the invention.
  • FC and / or SC linters can be used.
  • the nonwoven layer which is contained in the air-permeable material, the dust and / or fibrous recycled material or the seed fibers (especially cotton linters) is bound.
  • the nonwoven material has thus undergone a bonding step.
  • the binding of the dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or the seed fibers is preferably carried out over the fact that the nonwoven fabric layer binder fibers are added, which can be thermally activated, for example (thermofusion).
  • the production of a corresponding nonwoven fabric layer can thus take place in that, for example, the dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or the seed fibers are deposited together with the binder fibers in an aerodynamic process and then a bond to the finished nonwoven fabric by thermal activation of the binder fibers.
  • an admixture of microfibers may additionally take place.
  • the proportion of microfibers can be less than 10%.
  • Microfibers are understood to be particularly fine and short staple fibers, for example with a length of less than 2 mm and a diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m. In particular, these may be microdenier PET staple fibers. Such fibers are available, for example, under the name Cyphrex from EASTMAN.
  • the variety Cyphrex 10001 for example, at a length of 1, 5 mm has a diameter of about 2.5 ⁇ .
  • aerodynamic methods dry processes as set forth and defined in Section 4.1.3 of the Handbook "Nonwovens” by H. Fuchs and W. Albrecht, Wiley-VCH, 2nd edition 2012. This section is hereby incorporated by reference Storage of the dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or the seed fibers together with the binding fibers and optionally the microfibers can be carried out in particular by means of the airlay or the airlaid process.
  • the at least one dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or cotton interlayer comprehensive layer of the nonwoven fabric up to 95 wt .-%, preferably 60 to 90 wt .-% of dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or cotton inter and at least 5 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 40 wt .-% of binder fibers, in particular bicomponent fibers comprises or consists thereof.
  • binder fibers allow weldability (by ultrasonic welding) of the nonwoven fabric. This allows the nonwoven fabric to be assembled into a vacuum cleaner filter bag in an efficient and reliable manner.
  • the binder fibers may be, for example, so-called "fusing fibers", which are formed from thermoplastic, fusible materials which melt during the thermal activation and bind the dust and / or fibrous recycled material or the seed fibers.
  • the bicomponent fibers preferably used as binding fibers consist of a core consisting of a first thermoplastic material and a sheath consisting of a second thermoplastic material which melts at lower temperatures compared to the first thermoplastic material, wherein preferably the core or Both core and sheath made of a recycled plastic or more recycled plastics.
  • the core may be, for example, recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) or recycled polypropylene (rPP).
  • the sheath can be made of a pure / virgin plastic, for example pure PP ("virgin PP", ie not recycled) or polymethylpentene (PMP).
  • the other common variants of bicomponent fibers are also used (eg Side by Side).
  • the fusing fibers or bicomponent fibers, which are preferably used as binding fibers, may consist partially or completely of recycled plastics, for example rPET or rPP.
  • the binder fibers may be crimped or smooth (non-crimped)
  • the crimped binder fibers may be mechanically crimped or self-crimping (e.g., in the form of bicomponent fibers of eccentric cross-section).
  • the binding fibers are staple fibers, in particular with a length of 1 to 100 mm, preferably 2 to 40 mm.
  • the fiber length can be determined according to DIN 53808-1: 2003-01.
  • a nonwoven fabric as described in WO 201 1/057641 A1 can be used. All embodiments of this patent application are included for the purposes of the present invention. The disclosure of this document is thus also made the subject of the present application.
  • the air-permeable material is multi-layered, wherein the air-permeable material in addition to at least one layer of the nonwoven fabric comprising dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or seed fibers, at least one further layer comprising a nonwoven fabric and / / or comprises or is formed from a non-woven fabric, wherein in particular at least one, several or all of additional layers comprise or are formed from one or more recycled plastics.
  • At least one of these layers is thus preferably a nonwoven or a nonwoven fabric which comprises recycled plastics and in particular is formed from recycled plastics.
  • a nonwoven or a nonwoven fabric which comprises recycled plastics and in particular is formed from recycled plastics.
  • virgin plastic material for the production of the wall of the vacuum cleaner filter bag underlying nonwovens or nonwoven fabrics is used, but there are predominantly or exclusively plastics are used, which were already in use and were recovered by appropriate recycling processes.
  • Such filter bags are clearly advantageous in ecological terms, since they can be produced to a high degree raw material neutral. These filter bags also offer economic advantages, since most recycled plastic materials can be obtained much cheaper than the corresponding raw materials that are not recycled (“virgin” plastics).
  • a nonwoven fabric designates a random knit which has undergone a solidification step, so that it has sufficient strength to be rolled up or unrolled into rolls, for example by machine (ie on an industrial scale).
  • the minimum web tension required for winding is 0.25 PLI or 0.044 N / mm.
  • the web tension should not be higher than 10% to 25% of the minimum maximum tensile strength (according to DIN EN 29073-3: 1992-08) of the material to be wound up. This results in a minimum maximum tensile force for a wound material of 8.8 N per 5 cm strip width.
  • a nonwoven fabric corresponds to a corrugated fabric which, however, has not undergone a solidification step, so that, in contrast to a nonwoven fabric, such a corrugated fabric does not have sufficient strength to be wound up or unwound by machine rolling, for example.
  • EP 1 795 427 A1 the disclosure content of which is incorporated in the subject matter of the present patent application.
  • the fibers of the nonwoven fabric or of the nonwoven fabric which is contained in the air-permeable material of the wall of the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to the invention are formed from a single recycled plastic material.
  • the fibers of the nonwoven fabric or of the nonwoven fabric are formed from different materials, of which at least one represents a recycled plastic.
  • two embodiments are conceivable:
  • it can be a mixture of at least two types of fiber, for example fiber mixtures, which are formed from at least two different recycled plastics.
  • the nonwoven fabric includes or is formed from bicomponent fibers (BiKo fibers) consisting of a core and a sheath enveloping the core. Core and jacket are made of different materials.
  • the bicomponent fibers can be in the form of staple fibers or can be formed as extruded nonwoven fabric (for example of meltblown nonwoven fabric), so that the bicomponent fibers theoretically have an infinite length and represent so-called filaments.
  • a recycled plastic for the coat, for example, a virgin plastic, but alternatively also another recycled plastic can be used.
  • nonwoven fabrics for the purposes of the present invention, it is possible that these are drained, wet laid, or extruded nonwoven fabrics. Consequently, the fibers of the nonwovens or nonwoven fabrics may have finite length (staple fibers), but also theoretically infinite length (filaments).
  • the invention provides a vacuum cleaner filter bag having a wall of air-permeable material, the material comprising a capacity layer and a fine filter layer,
  • the capacity layer is a nonwoven fabric obtained by an aerodynamic process, comprising dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the manufacture of textiles, especially cotton textiles, and / or from wool and / or seed fibers
  • the fine filter layer is a meltblown nonwoven fabric virgin PP, which in particular is electrostatically charged, or a meltblown nonwoven fabric made from bicomponent fibers having an rPET or rPP core and a shell of virgin PP or virgin PMP, or a backing layer of recycled plastic fibers with a nanofiber layer applied thereto is.
  • the capacity position can therefore correspond to the layer of nonwoven fabric already described above.
  • the solidification or nonwoven binding of the nonwoven fabric of the capacitance position can in principle be carried out by any desired method.
  • the nonwoven fabric of the capacitance layer can be solidified by thermally activated binder fibers, for example bicomponent fibers.
  • the capacitance layer can consist of dusty and / or fibrous recycled material and / or seed fibers on the one hand and thermally activated binding fibers on the other hand (for example comprising a core and / or jacket made of a recycled plastic - as described above); in this case the capacity layer does not contain any other fibers or binders.
  • nanofiber is used according to the terminology of DIN SPEC 1 121: 2010-02 (CEN ISO / TS 27687: 2009).
  • the fine filter layer can be arranged downstream of the capacitance position in the air flow direction (from the dirty air side to the clean air side).
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag may have an (additional) reinforcing layer or support layer in the form of a dry laid nonwoven layer or in the form of an extrusion nonwoven layer.
  • the drained nonwoven fabric layer may comprise - as described above - dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the manufacture of textiles, in particular cotton textiles, and / or from woolen stock and / or seed fibers; alternatively, the drained nonwoven layer may comprise recycled fiber staple fibers, particularly rPET or rPP.
  • the extrusion nonwoven layer may comprise mono- or bicomponent filaments of recycled plastic, especially rPET or rPP.
  • the reinforcing layer can be arranged in the air flow direction behind the fine filter layer.
  • the structure of the wall of the filter bag according to the present invention may be configured as described in EP 1 795 247.
  • a wall thus comprises at least three layers, wherein at least two layers consist of at least one nonwoven fabric layer and at least one nonwoven fabric layer containing staple fibers and / or filaments.
  • the wall of the vacuum cleaner filter bag is therefore additionally characterized by a welded joint, in which all layers of the filter material are connected to one another by welded joints.
  • the pressing surface portion of the weld pattern is at most 5% of the surface area of the flow-through surface of the filter material or vacuum cleaner filter bag. Based on the total flow-through surface of the filter bag, there are on average a maximum of 19 welded joints per 10 cm 2 .
  • the air-permeable material may be configured in a manner as described in the introductory part of the present patent application, eg, as in EP 1 198 280, EP 2 433 695, EP 1 254 693, DE 199 19 809, EP 1 795 247 , WO 2013/106 392 or CN 101747596, as long as dusty and / or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles and / or from the wool pile and / or seed fibers for the production
  • This filter materials was used.
  • the present invention covers several particularly preferred possibilities of the multi-layered design of the air-permeable material, which are presented below.
  • the majority of these layers can be connected to one another by means of welded joints, in particular as described in EP 1 795 427 A1.
  • the layers can also be glued together or bonded as described in WO 01/003802.
  • the air-permeable material has at least one support layer and at least one capacitance layer, wherein at least one or all of the support layers comprise nonwoven fabrics and / or at least one or all of the capacitance layers nonwovens or nonwoven fabrics which comprise or are formed from one or more recycled plastics , represent.
  • the air-permeable material has at least one support layer, at least one fine filter layer and at least one capacitance layer, wherein at least one or all of the support layers and / or at least one or all of the fine filter layers nonwoven fabrics containing a recycled plastic or more recycled plastics comprise or are formed from and / or at least one or all of the capacity layers nonwovens or nonwoven fabrics, which comprise a recycled plastic or more recycled plastics or are formed thereof.
  • the air-permeable material may comprise at least one support layer, at least one fine filter layer and at least one capacitance layer, wherein at least one, preferably all of the capacitance layers comprise the above-characterized nonwoven fabric comprising dust and / or fibrous recycled material and / or seed fibers or formed from this. Due to the non-woven binding, the nonwoven fabric layer designed as a capacitance layer has such a high mechanical strength that it can also function as a support layer.
  • a support layer (sometimes also referred to as a "reinforcing layer") in the sense of the present invention is a layer which gives the necessary mechanical strength to the multilayer composite of the filter material, which is referred to as an open, porous nonwoven or a light weight basis Among other things, it serves to support other layers or layers and / or to protect them from abrasion.
  • the support layer can also filter the largest particles.
  • the support layer, as well as any other layer of the filter material may also be electrostatically charged, provided that the material has suitable dielectric properties.
  • a capacity layer provides high resistance to shock loading, filtering large particles of dirt, filtering a significant portion of small dust particles, storing large amounts of particulates, allowing the air to pass easily and thus resulting in low pressure drop with high particulate loading. This particularly affects the service life of a vacuum cleaner filter bag.
  • a fine filter layer serves to increase the filtration performance of the multilayer filter material by trapping particles which pass through, for example, the support layer and / or the capacity layer.
  • the fine filter layer may preferably be charged electrostatically (for example, by corona discharge or hydrocharging), in particular to increase the separation of fine dust particles.
  • the air-permeable material of the wall of the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to the invention may be constructed in terms of its construction, for example as in this patent document with the proviso that at least one of the layers of the multilayer filter material described there for the vacuum cleaner filter bag is formed from one or more recycled plastics.
  • the disclosure of WO 01/003802 is also included in the present application with regard to the structure of the air-permeable filter materials.
  • each support layer is a spunbond or scrim, preferably having a basis weight of from 5 to 80 g / m, more preferably from 10 to 50 g / m, more preferably from 15 to 30 g / m and / or preferably with a titer of the spunbond or scrim-forming fibers in the range of 0.5 dtex to 15 dtex.
  • the air-permeable material preferably has one to three support layers. In the case of the presence of at least two support layers, it is preferred that the sum of the area-related masses of the sum of all support layers 10 to 240 g / m, preferably 15 to 150 g / m 2 , more preferably 20 to 100 g / m 2 , more preferably 30 to 90 g / m 2 , in particular 40 to 70 g / m 2 .
  • all the supporting layers can be formed from one recycled plastic or several recycled plastics, in particular from rPET and / or rPP.
  • each fine filter layer an extrusion nonwoven, particularly a melt blown nonwoven fabric, preferably having a basis weight of 5 to 100 g / m 2, preferably 10 to 50 g / m 2, in particular 10 to 30 g / m 2 .
  • the air-permeable material for the purpose of the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to the invention may advantageously comprise one to five fine filter layers.
  • the sum of the area-related masses of the sum of all fine filter layers can be 10 to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 15 to 150 g / m 2 , in particular 20 to 50 g / m 2 .
  • meltblown nonwovens which can be formed in particular from rPET.
  • the rPET used can not be metallized or metallized.
  • the rPET can thus come, for example, from beverage bottles (bottle flake chips) or metallised PET films.
  • the melt-blown nonwovens represent bicomponent melt-blown nonwovens.
  • the core of such a bicomponent fiber consists of rPET, this core material is enveloped by a further thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene.
  • At least one, preferably all fine filter layers are charged electrostatically.
  • this embodiment is then possible only in the context of the previously mentioned bicomponent fibers, in which the metallized rPET forms the core of the fibers.
  • the electrostatic charge can be carried out in particular corona discharge.
  • each capacitance layer is a nonwoven fabric, the dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, in particular cotton textiles, and / or from the wool pile and / or seed fibers
  • Each capacity layer preferably has a basis weight of from 5 to 200 g / m, more preferably from 10 to 150 g / m 2 , more preferably from 20 to 120 g / m 2 , in particular from 30 to 50 g / m 2 ,
  • the air-permeable material preferably has one to five capacity layers.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides the following multi-layered variants for the air-permeable material, with a sequence of layers which is looked up from the interior of the vacuum-cleaner filter bag:
  • a support layer at least one, preferably at least two capacitance layers, preferably a further support layer, at least one preferably at least two fine filter layers and a further support layer.
  • the capacitance has a high mechanical strength as described above, can also be dispensed with the innermost supporting position.
  • One or two capacity layers one or two fine filter layers (meltblown layers), one backing layer (spunbonded web).
  • the support layers and / or capacitance layers can be formed from a nonwoven material which comprises dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, in particular cotton textiles and / or seed fibers.
  • this nonwoven material forms the at least one capacity layer, while the other layers comprise no dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, in particular cotton textiles, and / or from wool and / or seed fibers.
  • All the layers in the aforementioned embodiments can also be connected to one another by means of welded joints, in particular as described in EP 1 795 427 A1.
  • welded joints are not absolutely necessary.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag has a sheath which encloses the inlet opening. teplatten, which is formed from one or more recycled plastics or comprises one or more recycled plastics.
  • the holding plate is formed from rPET or comprises rPET to a very high proportion, for example to at least 90% by weight. According to this preferred embodiment, a further increase in the proportion of recycled plastics in the vacuum cleaner filter bag is thus possible.
  • At least one flow distributor and / or at least one diffuser are arranged in the interior, wherein preferably at least one flow distributor and / or the at least one diffuser made of a recycled plastic or several recycled plastics or a nonwoven fabric, the dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the production of textiles, in particular cotton textiles and / or seed fibers comprises, is formed.
  • Such flow distributors or diffusions are e.g. in the patent applications EP 2 263 508, EP 2 442 703, DE 20 2006 020 047, DE 20 2008 003 248, DE 20 2008 005 050.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to the invention, including flow distributor can be designed accordingly.
  • Flow distributors and diffusers are thus preferably also made of nonwovens or laminates of nonwovens.
  • Flow distributors and diffusers are thus preferably the same materials in question, as for the capacitance and gain layers.
  • the recycled plastic which can be used in special nonwoven materials or in holding plates for the vacuum cleaner filter bag, is preferably selected from the group consisting of recycled polyesters, especially recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), recycled polybutylene terephthalate (rPBT), recycled polylactic acid (rPLA), recycled Polyglycolide and / or recycled polycaprolactone; recycled polyolefins, in particular recycled polypropylene (rPP), recycled polyethylene and / or recycled polystyrene (rPS); recycled polyvinyl chloride (rPVC), recycled polyamides, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • recycled polyesters especially recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), recycled polybutylene terephthalate (rPBT), recycled polylactic acid (rPLA), recycled Polyglycolide and / or recycled polycaprolactone
  • recycled polyolefins in particular recycled polypropylene (rPP), recycled polyethylene and / or recycled polystyrene (rPS); recycled polyviny
  • plastic recyclates there are relevant international standards.
  • DIN EN 15353: 2007 is relevant.
  • PS recyclates are described in more detail in DIN EN 15342: 2008.
  • PE recyclates are treated in DIN EN 15344: 2008.
  • PP recyclates are characterized in DIN EN 15345: 2008.
  • PVC recyclates are specified in DIN EN 15346: 2015.
  • the plastic recyclates can be unmetallised.
  • One Examples include plastic flakes or chips recovered from PET beverage bottles.
  • the plastic recyclates can be metallized, for example, if the recyclates were obtained from metallic plastic films, in particular metallized PET films (MPET).
  • MPET metallized PET films
  • the recycled plastic may in particular be recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), which has been obtained, for example, from beverage bottles, in particular from so-called bottle flakes, ie pieces of ground beverage bottles.
  • rPET recycled polyethylene terephthalate
  • the recycled plastics particularly the recycled PET, in both the metallized and non-metallized versions, may be spun into the corresponding fibers from which the corresponding staple or spunbond nonwoven fabrics are made for the purposes of the present invention can be.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides that the sum of the weight of the seed fibers and the possibly present recycled materials, based on the total weight of the vacuum cleaner filter bag at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, in particular at least 95%.
  • GRS Global Recycled Standard
  • v3 August 2014
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to the present invention may, for example, be in the form of a flat bag, gusseted bag, block bottom bag or 3D bag, such as a vacuum cleaner filter bag for an upright vacuum cleaner.
  • a flat bag has no side walls and is formed from two layers of material, wherein the two layers of material along their circumference directly connected to each other, for example, welded or glued.
  • Side gusset bags are a modified form of flat bag and include fixed or everting gussets.
  • Block bottom bags comprise a so-called block or block bottom, which usually forms the narrow side of the vacuum cleaner filter bag; On this side, a holding plate is usually arranged.
  • the invention also provides the use of nonwoven fabrics comprising dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the manufacture of textiles, particularly cotton textiles, and / or from wool and / or seed fibers, for vacuum cleaner filter bags.
  • nonwoven fabrics comprising dust and / or fibrous recycled material from the manufacture of textiles, particularly cotton textiles, and / or from wool and / or seed fibers, for vacuum cleaner filter bags.
  • Vacuum cleaner filter bags are Vacuum cleaner filter bags.
  • Filter bags are designed which have one or more layers of an aerodynamically formed nonwoven, for example an airlay or an airlaid nonwoven. Additionally, the inventive filter bags described below may have one or more layers of rPET or rPP filaments or rPET or rPP staple fibers, or may be formed of cotton dust, seed fibers or wool fibers from waste scraps and bicomponent fibers. The different nonwovens are only suitable for certain material layers. In order to further increase the proportion of recycled raw materials, it is additionally possible to use a holding plate which consists of rPET or rPP or at least has rPET or rPP.
  • Spunbonded nonwoven layers made from rPET or rPP having a basis weight of from 5 to 50 g / m and a titre of from 1 dtex to 15 dtex are particularly suitable support layers.
  • the raw material used is, for example, PET waste (eg stamped waste) and so-called bottle flakes, ie pieces of ground beverage bottles. In order to cover the different coloration of the waste, it is possible to color the recyclate.
  • the HELIX® Comerio Ercole
  • one or more layers of meltblown made of rPET or rPP with a basis weight of 5 to 30 g / m each are used. Additionally or alternatively, one or more meltblown nonwoven fabric layers of virgin PP may be present. At least this layer (s) are electrostatically charged by a corona discharge. The layers of rPET or rPP can also be electrostatically charged. It should only be noted that no metallized PET waste will be used for the production. To improve the charge persistence, the plastics used can be provided with charge-stabilizing additives.
  • the meltblown filaments can also consist of bicomponent fibers in which the core of rPET or rPP and the shell of a plastic which can be charged particularly well electrostatically (eg virgin PP, PC, PET) is formed.
  • a plastic which can be charged particularly well electrostatically (eg virgin PP, PC, PET) is formed.
  • One or more capacity layers contain rPET or rPP staple fibers or rPET or rPP filaments or are made based on cotton dust and bicomponent fibers. For the production of capacity layers different methods are suitable.
  • carding processes airlay processes or airlaid processes in which first staple fibers are deposited, which are then usually bonded in a nonwoven binding step (eg by needling, hydroentanglement, ultrasound calendering, by thermal solidification in the flow-through oven using bicomponent fibers or binder fibers, or by chemical bonding) Solidification, for example, with latex, hotmelt, foam binder, ...) are solidified to a nonwoven fabric.
  • a nonwoven binding step eg by needling, hydroentanglement, ultrasound calendering, by thermal solidification in the flow-through oven using bicomponent fibers or binder fibers, or by chemical bonding
  • Solidification for example, with latex, hotmelt, foam binder, .
  • HELIX® Comerio Ercole
  • the filaments or staple fibers may also consist of bicomponent materials in which the core of rPET or rPP and the sheath of a plastic, which can be particularly well electrostatically charge (eg virgin PP, PC, PET) is formed.
  • one or more layers of an aerodynamically formed nonwoven fabric may also be present, which is formed from bicomponent fibers and cotton dust or seed fibers (for example cotton linters).
  • the basis weight of the individual capacity layers is preferably between 10 and 200 g / m.
  • the retaining plate can only consist of rPET or rPP. In the event that the retaining plate must take over the sealing function, a TPE seal can be injected or glued.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bags shown below were designed using the specified materials, the exact composition and structure of which is shown in the following tables.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bags thereby represent flat bags of rectangular geometry, which have a dimension of 300 mm x 280 mm.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 1 is also formed from a 7-ply air-permeable material.
  • a support layer (outside) is arranged on the clean air side, to which two fine filter layers (meltblown virgin PP) connect in the direction of the interior.
  • the two meltblown layers are surrounded by another support layer.
  • This is followed by two capacitance layers C and D, which are finally enclosed by a support layer lying on the dirty air side (inside).
  • the capacitance C and D is formed from a nonwoven material which is formed to 80 wt .-% of cotton dust or seed fibers and 20% BiCo binder fiber. This nonwoven fabric material is described in detail in WO 201 1/057641 A1. The proportion of cotton dust or seed fibers in the Capacity levels are added to the total recycled content.
  • a portion of recycled material i. H. the sum of recycled plastics, as well as cotton dust or seed fibers of 60.5 wt .-%, based on the total vacuum cleaner filter bag achieved.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 2 is constructed in analogy to the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 1.
  • the outer capacitance corresponds to a capacitance according to Examples 6 to 8, d. H. a carded staple fiber nonwoven made from 100% recycled PET fibers.
  • the recycled content of a finished vacuum cleaner filter bag corresponds to 64.3 wt .-%.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 3 corresponds to a vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 1 with the difference that the holding plate is made of 100% rPET.
  • the total content of recycled materials in this vacuum cleaner filter bag is 76.4% by weight.
  • the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 4 corresponds to the vacuum cleaner filter bag according to Example 3, with the difference that the two fine filter layers are formed from a bicomponent meltblown with a core of rPET and a shell made of polypropylene.
  • the total recycled content of such a vacuum cleaner filter bag is 89.3% by weight.
  • FIG. 1 shows the comparison of a volume flow measurement of a bag according to the invention with a bag known from the prior art.
  • the volume flow was measured with a vacuum cleaner Miele C3 Ecoline at 750 W.
  • the air data of a vacuum cleaner or an engine fan unit are determined in accordance with DIN EN 60312-1: 2014-01. In particular, reference is made to section 5.8.
  • the measuring device is used in version B according to section 7.3.7.3. If an engine blower unit without a vacuum cleaner housing is measured, the measuring device B is also used. For any necessary intermediate pieces for connection to the measuring chamber, the instructions in Section 7.3.7.1 apply.
  • volume flow and “suction air flow” are also used for the term “air flow” according to DIN EN 60312-1.
  • the measured bags were made according to the dimensions of the original Miele vacuum cleaner bag intended for the vacuum cleaner.
  • the bag according to the invention had the following structure.
  • the outer layer consisted of spunbond (25 g / m 2 ), the fine filter layer of a meltblown of 28 g / m 2 . This was followed by a spunbond reinforcement layer of 17 g / m 2 .
  • the subsequent capacity layer consisted of textile waste shredders bonded with PET bicomponent fibers. The proportion of bicomponent fibers was 35 wt .-%, the proportion of tear fibers 65 wt .-%.
  • the capacity layer has a basis weight (grammage) of 74.9 g / m 2 . Its thickness according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2: 1996, section 5.2 was 5.29 mm.
  • the density (bulk density) p raw was 0.014 g / cm 3 .
  • the comparison bag according to the prior art was produced based on the teaching of EP 0 960 645 (in particular paragraphs [0036] and [0038]) and had the following structure: outer layer spunbond 28 g / m 2 , fine filter layer 22 g / m 2 , Spunbond 17 g / m 2 , airlaid nonwoven 73 g / m 2 , spunbond 17 g / m 2 .
  • the capacity layer consisted of 65% by weight of cellulose fibers (fluff pulp) and 35% by weight of PET bicomponent fibers. It had a basis weight of 73 g / m 2 , a thickness according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2: 1996, section 5.2 of 1, 05 mm and a density of 0.070 g / cm 3 .
  • Fig. 1 shows the result of the corresponding dust loading test with DMT dust (Type 8) according to DIN EN 60312-1: 2014-01. It is immediately apparent that the capacitance position according to the invention with the comparatively high volume weight leads to a significantly lower drop in the volume flow. Even a load of 400 g of dust in the bag according to the invention leads to a decrease in the volume flow of only 9.1%, whereas the conventional bag shows a decrease of 14.7%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière comprenant une paroi entourant un espace intérieur constituée d'un matériau perméable à l'air, et une ouverture d'entrée ménagée dans ladite paroi, le matériau perméable à l'air comportant au moins une couche de non-tissé qui comprend un matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent provenant de la fabrication de textiles, notamment de textiles en coton, la couche de non-tissé, qui comprend ledit matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent présentant un poids volumétrique de 0,005 g/cm ³ à 0,03 g/cm ³, en particulier de 0,007 g/cm ³ à 0,02 g/cm ³.
EP17709993.4A 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière comportant un matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent Pending EP3429722A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16160921.9A EP3219373B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 Sac d'aspirateur en materiaux textiles recycles et/ou de linters de coton
EP16160922.7A EP3219374B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 Sac d'aspirateur en materiaux synthetiques recycles
EP16178839.3A EP3219375B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-07-11 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur constitue d'un materiau recycle en forme de fibre et/ou de poussieres
EP16192651.4A EP3219377B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-10-06 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur constitué d'un matériau recyclé en forme de fibre et/ou de poussières
PCT/EP2017/055791 WO2017157827A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière comportant un matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3429722A1 true EP3429722A1 (fr) 2019-01-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16178856.7A Active EP3219376B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-07-11 Sac à poussière en matériaux synthétiques recyclés
EP16178839.3A Active EP3219375B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-07-11 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur constitue d'un materiau recycle en forme de fibre et/ou de poussieres
EP16192651.4A Active EP3219377B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-10-06 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur constitué d'un matériau recyclé en forme de fibre et/ou de poussières
EP17709453.9A Pending EP3429721A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière en matières plastiques recyclées
EP17709993.4A Pending EP3429722A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière comportant un matériau recyclé fibreux et/ou pulvérulent
EP17709452.1A Active EP3429720B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac d'aspirateur en materiaux textiles recycles et/ou de linters de coton et/ou de fibres de graines

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16178856.7A Active EP3219376B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-07-11 Sac à poussière en matériaux synthétiques recyclés
EP16178839.3A Active EP3219375B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-07-11 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur constitue d'un materiau recycle en forme de fibre et/ou de poussieres
EP16192651.4A Active EP3219377B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2016-10-06 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur constitué d'un matériau recyclé en forme de fibre et/ou de poussières
EP17709453.9A Pending EP3429721A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac filtrant d'aspirateur à poussière en matières plastiques recyclées

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EP17709452.1A Active EP3429720B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-13 Sac d'aspirateur en materiaux textiles recycles et/ou de linters de coton et/ou de fibres de graines

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US (4) US20190076766A1 (fr)
EP (6) EP3219376B1 (fr)
CN (3) CN109152968B (fr)
AU (3) AU2017233900B2 (fr)
DE (3) DE212017000082U1 (fr)
DK (4) DK3219376T3 (fr)
ES (4) ES2702923T3 (fr)
PL (4) PL3219376T3 (fr)
RU (3) RU2706307C1 (fr)
WO (3) WO2017157820A1 (fr)

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RU2706309C1 (ru) 2019-11-15
CN109152968A (zh) 2019-01-04
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US20230226474A1 (en) 2023-07-20
AU2017233893A1 (en) 2018-09-27
PL3219376T3 (pl) 2019-04-30
ES2706322T3 (es) 2019-03-28
EP3219377B1 (fr) 2018-12-12
EP3219375B1 (fr) 2018-09-26
AU2017233893C1 (en) 2020-04-02
EP3219375A1 (fr) 2017-09-20
EP3429720B1 (fr) 2019-12-11
DK3429720T3 (da) 2020-03-16
PL3219375T3 (pl) 2019-03-29
CN109195681A (zh) 2019-01-11
US11504662B2 (en) 2022-11-22
WO2017157820A1 (fr) 2017-09-21
EP3219376A1 (fr) 2017-09-20
ES2701678T3 (es) 2019-02-25
DK3219376T3 (en) 2019-01-14
DE212017000080U1 (de) 2018-10-26
US20190075988A1 (en) 2019-03-14
ES2702923T3 (es) 2019-03-06
DK3219375T3 (en) 2018-12-03
ES2770103T3 (es) 2020-06-30
PL3219377T3 (pl) 2019-05-31
RU2706308C1 (ru) 2019-11-15
US20190075987A1 (en) 2019-03-14
EP3219376B1 (fr) 2018-10-31
AU2017233893B2 (en) 2019-11-28
WO2017157827A1 (fr) 2017-09-21
CN108778457A (zh) 2018-11-09
DE212017000084U1 (de) 2018-10-26
EP3429720A1 (fr) 2019-01-23
AU2017233900B2 (en) 2019-11-21
PL3429720T3 (pl) 2020-06-01
WO2017157822A1 (fr) 2017-09-21
RU2706307C1 (ru) 2019-11-15
AU2017233895B2 (en) 2019-12-05
DE212017000082U1 (de) 2018-10-18
DK3219377T3 (en) 2019-03-18
AU2017233900A1 (en) 2018-09-27
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CN109152968B (zh) 2022-01-18
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