EP3419118A1 - Elektrischer draht mit klemme - Google Patents

Elektrischer draht mit klemme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3419118A1
EP3419118A1 EP18175004.3A EP18175004A EP3419118A1 EP 3419118 A1 EP3419118 A1 EP 3419118A1 EP 18175004 A EP18175004 A EP 18175004A EP 3419118 A1 EP3419118 A1 EP 3419118A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
electric wire
terminal
compression
exposed portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18175004.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3419118B1 (de
Inventor
Tetsuro Sato
Seiji Kojima
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Proterial Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Metals Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Metals Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Metals Ltd
Publication of EP3419118A1 publication Critical patent/EP3419118A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3419118B1 publication Critical patent/EP3419118B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/04—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation using electrically conductive adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric wire with terminal.
  • An electric wire with terminal which is configured such that a compression terminal is crimped onto a conductor of an electric wire which is used for vehicle, etc., and the conductor is formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy for the purpose of weight reduction, etc. (see, e.g., JP H08/321331 A )
  • FIG. 3A shows an oxide film 102 on a surface of the conductor 100 as shown in FIG. 3B . Therefore, when a compression terminal 103 is crimped onto the conductor 100 of the electric wire as shown in FIG. 3C , electric resistance between the conductor 100 and the compression terminal 103 is increased due to the interposition of the oxide film 102.
  • FIG. 3C shows the state before the compression terminal 103 is compressed.
  • JP H08/321331 A discloses a technique in which conductive particles (metal particles) applied to the conductor of the electric wire before crimping the compression terminal onto the conductor of the electric wire break through the oxide film on the surface of the conductor by using pressure applied when crimping the compression terminal.
  • conductive particles metal particles
  • the oxide film covering the metal strands is broken by the conductive particles.
  • the Zn particles break the oxide film on the surfaces of the metal strands and it is thus possible to reduce initial electrical resistance (hereinafter, also referred to as "initial resistance") between the compression terminal and the electric wire.
  • initial electrical resistance hereinafter, also referred to as "initial resistance”
  • both the compression terminal and the conductor are formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and if a connecting portion therebetween is exposed to high temperature for a long period of time due to, e.g., temperature rise caused by large-current conduction, compressive stress acting between the metal strands and compressive stress acting between the metal strand and the compression terminal are reduced due to stress relaxation.
  • an electric wire with terminal comprises:
  • an electric wire with terminal can be provided that prevents the electrical resistance between the conductor of the electric wire and the terminal compression-crimped thereto from increasing even when exposed to the high temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of an electric wire with terminal in an embodiment of the invention.
  • An electric wire with terminal 1 in the embodiment of the invention is provided with an electric wire 2 and a compression terminal 3.
  • the electric wire with terminal 1 is used as, e.g., a wiring installed in a vehicle such as railroad car or automobile.
  • the electric wire with terminal 1 can be also used for a purpose other than for vehicle and can be used in, e.g., electrical and electronic equipment, etc.
  • the electric wire 2 is provided with a conductor 4 and an insulating cover 5 covering the conductor 4.
  • the electric wire 2 has a conductor exposed portion 4 a which is formed at an end portion and is a portion at which the conductor 4 is exposed without being covered with the insulating cover 5.
  • the conductor exposed portion 4 a is a portion onto which the compression terminal 3 is compression-crimped.
  • the conductor 4 forms a core of the electric wire 2.
  • the conductor 4 is constructed from, e.g., a concentric-stranded wire, a bunch-stranded wire or a composite twisted wire formed by twisting plural metal strands 11.
  • the composite twisted wire here is a wire formed by twisting plural bunch-stranded wires 12 each of which is formed by twisting the plural metal strands 11, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the total number of the metal strands 11 constituting one conductor (composite twisted wire) 4 is "m x n", where "m” is the number of the metal strands 11 constituting one bunch-stranded wire 12 and "n” is the number of the bunch-stranded wires 12 constituting one composite twisted wire.
  • the metal strand 11 is formed of, e.g., aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the conductor 4 is generally a circle.
  • the main reason for using the composite twisted wire as the conductor 4 of the electric wire 2 is to achieve both a large current flow and high flexibility of the electric wire 2.
  • increasing an effective cross-sectional area (sq value: sq stands for square millimeter) of the conductor 4 is effective to allow the electric wire 2 to carry a larger current.
  • thick metal strands 11 are used for this purpose, flexibility decreases.
  • use of thin metal strands 11 e.g., not more than 1 mm in diameter
  • thickness which can be provided by twisting a bunch of thin metal strands 11 is limited.
  • the conductor 4 is a composite twisted wire formed by twisting plural metal strands 11 to form each bunch-stranded wire 12 and then twisting plural bunch-stranded wires 12, the conductor 4 can have a large effective cross-sectional area even when formed of thin metal strands 11. Thus, it is possible to achieve both a large current flow and high flexibility of the electric wire 2.
  • a conductive particle-containing compound containing particles having electrical conductivity (conductive particles) 7 is attached to each of the plural metal strands 11 constituting the conductor exposed portion 4 a onto which the compression terminal 3 is compression-crimped.
  • the conductive particle-containing compound is, e.g., a grease such as lubricating oil or thickener containing particles having electrical conductivity.
  • the lubricating oil constituting the conductive particle-containing compound is, e.g., a fluorine-based oil, a silicone-based oil, an ester-based oil, or a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil, etc.
  • the fluorine-based oil or the silicone-based oil is preferably used so that electrical resistance between the compression terminal 3 and the conductor 4 of the electric wire 2 is less likely to increase even in a high-temperature environment.
  • the conductive particles 7 act to break an oxide film covering the surface of the metal strand 11 constituting the conductor exposed portion 4 a when a compression section 8 of the compression terminal 3 is compression-crimped onto the conductor exposed portion 4a of the conductor 4. Therefore, the conductive particles 7 are preferably attached to the surfaces of the plural metal strands 11 constituting the conductor exposed portion 4a.
  • the conductive particles 7 are preferably provided in the entire cross-sectional region of the conductor 4, including the inside and the outer peripheral portion of the conductor 4.
  • the inside of the conductor 4 means a portion on the inner side with respect to the outer peripheral portion of the conductor 4 (the center side in the radial direction of the conductor 4 ), and the outer peripheral portion of the conductor 4 means a portion around the periphery of the conductor 4 which is visible from the outside when the conductor 4 is a bare wire (is exposed).
  • the cross-sectional region of the conductor 4 means a substantially circle region formed by a group of the cross sections of the plural bunch-stranded wires 12 constituting the conductor 4 in a cross section of the conductor 4 taken along a direction orthogonal to the length direction of the electric wire 2.
  • a region inside a wound binding tape 6 is the cross-sectional region of the conductor 4.
  • the conductive particles 7 are desirably uniformly dispersed in the entire cross-sectional region of the conductor 4.
  • the conductive particles 7 are attached to the surface of each of the metal strands 11 constituting the bunch-stranded wire 12 at the conductor exposed portion 4a. Therefore, many conductive particles 7 are dispersed in the entire cross-sectional region of the bunch-stranded wire 12, including the inside and the outer peripheral portion of the bunch-stranded wire 12. Then, such bunch-stranded wires 12 are twisted together into one conductor 4 as a composite twisted wire. In the present embodiment, it is thereby possible to uniformly disperse the conductive particles 7 in the entire cross-sectional region of the conductor exposed portion 4 a of the conductor 4.
  • the meanings of the inside, the outer peripheral portion and the cross-sectional region of the bunch-stranded wire 12 are respectively the same as for those of the conductor 4.
  • the size of the conductive particle 7 when the diameter (the outer diameter) of the metal strand 11 is, e.g., 0.45 mm (not more than 1 mm), fine particles having an average particle size of not less than 1.0 ⁇ m and not more than 10.0 ⁇ m can be used as the conductive particle 7.
  • the conductive particle 7 has an average particle size within such a range, the conductive particle-containing compound can easily enter the inside of the conductor exposed portion 4 a composed of twisted wires each formed by twisting plural metal strands 11 together, and the conductive particles 7 are likely to be uniformly attached to the surfaces of the metal strands 11 constituting the conductor exposed portion 4 a .
  • the average particle size of the conductive particle 7 can be appropriately changed according to the outer diameter of the metal strand 11.
  • the average particle size of the conductive particle 7 here is a particle size represented by D 50 (the median diameter) in a cumulative particle size distribution obtained by a laser diffraction scattering method.
  • Hardness of the conductive particle 7 only needs to be enough to break through an oxide film on the surfaces of the metal strands 11 and to bite into the surfaces of the metal strands 11 when the compression terminal 3 is compression-crimped onto the conductor exposed portion 4 a of the conductor 4 (e.g., Vickers hardness Hv of not less than 400 ).
  • the conductive particle 7 is desirably formed of a material having a small standard redox potential difference with that of a material of the metal strand 11 (i.e., aluminum or an aluminum alloy).
  • the conductive particle 7 is desirably formed of a less oxidizable material and is, e.g., Ni-P or Ni-B particle. By using such material to form the conductive particle 7, it is possible to reduce change in electrical resistance of the electric wire with terminal 1 used in a high-temperature environment for a long period of time.
  • the electric wire with terminal 1 has the compression terminal 3 and the conductor 4 both formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a connecting portion between the compression terminal 3 and the conductor exposed portion 4 a of the conductor 4 is exposed to high temperature for a long period of time due to, e.g., temperature rise caused by large-current conduction, compressive stress acting between the metal strands 11 and compressive stress acting between the metal strand 11 and the compression terminal 3 would be reduced due to stress relaxation.
  • the electric wire with terminal 1 of the present embodiment is configured that the conductive particle-containing compound containing the conductive particles 7 formed of Ni-P or NiB is attached to the conductor exposed portion 4 a , it is possible to prevent an oxide film from being formed again on the surfaces of the metal strands 11 and also to prevent a gap from being formed between the metal strands 11.
  • electrical resistance between the compression terminal 3 and the electric wire 2 i.e., electrical resistance between the compression section 8 and the conductor exposed portion 4 a
  • electrical resistance between the compression section 8 and the conductor exposed portion 4 a is less likely to become greater than the initial resistance even when exposed to a high-temperature environment.
  • the content of the Ni-P or Ni-B conductive particles 7 in the conductive particle-containing compound is preferably not more than 20 wt%, more preferably not less than 2 wt% and not more than 20 wt%, so that the above-mentioned effects can be easily obtained.
  • the insulating cover 5 is formed of an insulating material.
  • the material which can be used to form the insulating cover 5 is, e.g., a fluorine-based resin, an olefin-based resin or a silicone-based resin, etc.
  • the insulating cover 5 is formed to surround the outer peripheral portion of the conductor 4 and has a circular cross-sectional shape.
  • the insulating cover 5 covers over the conductor 4 in a longitudinal direction of the electric wire 2. However, a portion not covered with the insulating cover 5 is provided at a longitudinal end of the electric wire 2 as shown in FIG. 1 , and the conductor 4 thereby has a partially exposed portion (hereinafter, referred to as "conductor exposed portion”) 4 a.
  • the conductor exposed portion 4a the insulating cover 5 covering the entire length of the conductor 4 is stripped only at an end portion of the electric wire 2.
  • the conductor exposed portion 4a can be obtained by applying the insulating cover 5 around the conductor 4 except an end portion so that the conductor 4 is preliminarily exposed only at an end portion of the electric wire 2.
  • the binding tape 6 is interposed between the conductor 4 and the insulating cover 5 in a radial direction of the electric wire 2.
  • the binding tape 6 is wound around the conductor 4 and physically separates the conductor 4 from the insulating cover 5.
  • the reason for winding the binding tape 6 around the conductor 4 is to prevent a material of the insulating cover 5 from adversely affecting the metal strands 11 when the insulating cover 5 is formed around the conductor 4 by extrusion molding.
  • the binding tape 6 is removed together with the insulating cover 5.
  • the compression terminal 3 integrally has the compression section 8 and a connecting portion 9.
  • the compression terminal 3 is formed by, e.g., plating tin, etc., onto a terminal material formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Alternatively, another plating (e.g., silver plating) may be used in place of the tin plating.
  • the compression section 8 is a portion connected to the conductor 4 (the conductor exposed portion 4 a) of the electric wire 2.
  • the compression section 8 is formed into a barrel shape (cylindrical shape) having a circular cross section.
  • the inside of the compression section 8 is a hollow portion 14 into which the conductor exposed portion 4 a of the conductor 4 of the electric wire 2 can be inserted.
  • An end portion (entry portion) of the hollow portion 14 is an opening which is larger than the outer diameter of the conductor 4 of the electric wire 2.
  • predetermined portions of the compression section 8 are compressed in a state in which the conductor 4 (the conductor exposed portion 4 a) of the electric wire 2 is inserted thereinto from the end portion of the hollow portion 14.
  • the compression section 8 in contact with the surface of the conductor 4 (the conductor exposed portion 4 a) is compression-crimped.
  • the compression section 8 is compression-crimped onto the conductor 4 (the conductor exposed portion 4a ) by compressing plural compression points (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 in FIG. 1 ) along the longitudinal direction of the conductor 4 (the conductor exposed portion 4a).
  • the plural compression points are spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals.
  • the compression section 8 is compressed all around the circumference at each of the plural compression points.
  • the compression section 8 is effective to make electrical resistance between the compression terminal 3 and the conductor 4 less likely to increase particularly when both the compression terminal 3 and the conductor 4 are formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the connecting portion 9 is formed into a plate shape.
  • the connecting portion 9 has a connecting hole 15 for connection to another terminal (not shown).
  • the connecting hole 15 penetrates the connecting portion 9 in a thickness direction and has a circular shape in a plan view.
  • the shape, etc., of the connecting portion 9 can be arbitrarily changed according to the form of the other terminal.
  • Example 1 The configurations of samples in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The results for the evaluation item (described later) are also shown in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 Conductive particle Particle content (wt%) Rate of increase in resistance (%) Example 1 Ni-P 2 11 Example 2 Ni-P 5 10 Example 3 Ni-P 10 15 Comparative Example 1 - - 20 Comparative Example 2 Zn 5 25 Table 2 Conductive particle Particle content (wt%) Rate of increase in resistance (%) Example 4 Ni-P 20 14 Comparative Example 3 Ni-P 40 22
  • Example 1 a sample of an electric wire with terminal was made by the following procedure.
  • a composite twisted wire formed using plural metal strands of aluminum and having a cross-sectional area of 200 SQ (square millimeter) was prepared as a conductor (the outer diameter of metal strand: ⁇ 0.45 mm, the total number of metal strands: 37x34 ), and an electric wire was made by covering the conductor with an insulating cover.
  • the insulating cover at an end of the electric wire was stripped and a conductor exposed portion was thereby formed at an end of the conductor.
  • a conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil and containing Ni-P conductive particles with an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m was applied to the conductor exposed portion.
  • the conductor exposed portion to which the conductive particle-containing compound was applied was inserted into a compression section of an aluminum compression terminal, and the conductor exposed portion formed of aluminum was electrically connected to the compression section of the aluminum compression terminal by swaging (compressing) the inserted portion, thereby obtaining a sample of the electric wire with terminal.
  • the content of the NiP conductive particle was 2 wt%.
  • Example 2 A sample of the electric wire with terminal in Example 2 was made in the same manner as Example 1, except that a conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil containing 5 wt% of Ni-P conductive particles was used.
  • Example 3 A sample of the electric wire with terminal in Example 3 was made in the same manner as Example 1, except that a conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil containing 10 wt% of Ni-P conductive particles was used.
  • Example 4 A sample of the electric wire with terminal in Example 4 was made in the same manner as Example 1, except that a conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil containing 20 wt% of Ni-P conductive particles was used.
  • the conductor exposed portion was inserted into the compression section of the aluminum compression terminal without applying the conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil containing conductive particles to the conductor exposed portion, and the conductor exposed portion formed of aluminum was electrically connected to the compression section of the aluminum compression terminal by swaging (compressing) the inserted portion, thereby obtaining a sample of the electric wire with terminal.
  • a sample of the electric wire with terminal in Comparative Example 2 was made in the same manner as Example 1, except that a conductive particle-containing compound containing Zn conductive particles (the content: 5 wt%) in place of Ni-P conductive particles was used.
  • a sample of the electric wire with terminal in Comparative Example 3 was made in the same manner as Example 1, except that a conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil containing 40 wt% of Ni-P conductive particles was used.
  • the rate of increase in resistance is a rate of change of the resistance value after the high-temperature exposure test from the initial resistance ((the resistance value after the high-temperature exposure test/the initial resistance value) x 100 ).
  • the initial resistance value here was obtained by measuring resistance between the aluminum compression terminal and the other end of the aluminum conductor in the obtained electric wire with terminal.
  • the electric wire with terminal after measuring the initial resistance value was placed and kept in a constant-temperature oven at 200 °C in the air for 200 hours. Then, after cooling the sample to room temperature, the resistance value after the high-temperature exposure test was measured by the same method as for the measurement of the initial resistance value.
  • the samples were regarded as acceptable when the rate of increase in resistance was not more than 15%.
  • the conductive particle-containing compound formed of a fluorine-based oil and containing Ni-P conductive particles was used in Examples specifically implementing the embodiment, it is possible to use a conductive particle-containing compound formed using a silicone-based oil.
  • the conductive particle-containing compound used in Examples specifically implementing the embodiment can contain Ni-B conductive particles (the particle content: not less than 2 wt% and not more than 20 wt%) in place of the Ni-P conductive particles.

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  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP18175004.3A 2017-06-22 2018-05-30 Elektrischer draht mit klemme Active EP3419118B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017121834 2017-06-22
JP2018016150A JP6410163B1 (ja) 2017-06-22 2018-02-01 端子付き電線

Publications (2)

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EP3419118A1 true EP3419118A1 (de) 2018-12-26
EP3419118B1 EP3419118B1 (de) 2022-01-05

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EP (1) EP3419118B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6410163B1 (de)
CN (1) CN109119777B (de)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3687000A1 (de) * 2019-01-28 2020-07-29 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Elektrischer draht mit klemme, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und klemme für elektrischen draht mit klemme

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CN109119777B (zh) 2022-04-29
JP6410163B1 (ja) 2018-10-24
JP2019009101A (ja) 2019-01-17
CN109119777A (zh) 2019-01-01
EP3419118B1 (de) 2022-01-05

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