EP3345694B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour épaissir locallement un corps creux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour épaissir locallement un corps creux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3345694B1
EP3345694B1 EP17150435.0A EP17150435A EP3345694B1 EP 3345694 B1 EP3345694 B1 EP 3345694B1 EP 17150435 A EP17150435 A EP 17150435A EP 3345694 B1 EP3345694 B1 EP 3345694B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axial direction
hollow member
outer mould
hollow
member wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17150435.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3345694A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Michi
Jörg Wachter
Dennis Beihofer
Phillip Grupp
Michael Marré
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Felss Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Felss Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Felss Systems GmbH filed Critical Felss Systems GmbH
Priority to EP17150435.0A priority Critical patent/EP3345694B1/fr
Priority to CA2990655A priority patent/CA2990655C/fr
Priority to KR1020180000318A priority patent/KR102190176B1/ko
Priority to US15/860,878 priority patent/US11007564B2/en
Priority to JP2018000196A priority patent/JP6698713B2/ja
Priority to CN201810010668.2A priority patent/CN108356207B/zh
Publication of EP3345694A1 publication Critical patent/EP3345694A1/fr
Priority to US17/232,276 priority patent/US11890667B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3345694B1 publication Critical patent/EP3345694B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B21J5/025—Closed die forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
    • B21J9/20—Control devices specially adapted to forging presses not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 for thickening, in particular in sections, a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, wherein the hollow body wall runs in an axial direction along a cavity axis of a cavity of the hollow body delimited by the hollow body wall.
  • the invention also relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 10 for thickening, in particular in sections, a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, wherein the hollow body wall runs in an axial direction along a cavity axis of a cavity of the hollow body delimited by the hollow body wall.
  • the invention further relates to a manufacturing method for producing a hollow body, in the context of which use is made of the above method, and to a machine for producing a hollow body, which has a device of the above type.
  • Hollow bodies of this type are, for example, hollow shafts, such as those used in automotive engineering as drive shafts and, among other things, as side shafts.
  • JP-S57-165155-A and JP 2012 045565 A Further state of the art is known from JP-S57-165155-A and JP 2012 045565 A .
  • JP-S57-165155-A discloses a method and a device for forming a flange onto an axial end of a hollow cylindrical workpiece.
  • the workpiece to be formed sits on a mandrel and is arranged together with the mandrel in a receptacle of an outer mold for processing purposes.
  • the receptacle of the outer mold has an upper axial section of larger diameter and a lower axial section of smaller diameter concentric therewith.
  • the smaller diameter of the receptacle of the outer mold corresponds to the outer diameter of the undeformed workpiece.
  • an annular shoulder is formed due to the different diameters.
  • a hollow punch concentric with the mandrel the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the mandrel and the outer diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the upper axial section of the receptacle of the outer mold, plunges into the upper axial section of the receptacle on the outer mold and presses the upper end of the workpiece in the axial direction.
  • JP 2012 045565 A relates to a method and a device for thickening an axial end section of a pipe.
  • the pipe to be formed is pushed onto a mandrel and secured there in the axial direction.
  • Four segments of an outer shape are then fed in the radial direction of the pipe from a position far from the pipe to a position close to the pipe.
  • the segments of the outer shape are stepped on their side facing the pipe. Over a partial length running in the axial direction of the pipe at the end of the pipe to be thickened, the segments of the outer shape recede relative to an axial remaining length of the segments in the radial direction of the pipe.
  • a shoulder running in a ring around the pipe is formed.
  • the receding partial length of the segments, the outer wall of the pipe and the shoulder at the transition between the receding partial length and the axial remaining length of the segments delimit a hollow cylindrical space concentrically enclosing the pipe.
  • the remaining axial length of the segments rests against the outer wall of the pipe.
  • To thicken the axial end section of the pipe it is first heated using a heating device housed inside the mandrel. A hollow punch is then moved in the axial direction of the pipe against the end face of the axial end section of the pipe to be thickened.
  • the hollow punch is immersed in the hollow cylindrical space formed on the outside of the pipe between the pipe wall and the segments of the outer mold. Due to the impact of the hollow punch on the pipe, material from the pipe flows into this space, forming the desired thickening of the pipe wall.
  • the outer mold with its segments is stationary in the axial direction of the pipe during the forming process.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide methods and devices for thickening a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, in particular in sections, and for producing a hollow body with a hollow body wall that is thickened in particular in sections, which make it possible to produce thickenings of high quality with variable axial length.
  • material is deliberately accumulated on a hollow body wall.
  • the hollow body in question is arranged with the still unthickened hollow body wall in a receptacle of an outer mold.
  • the receptacle of the outer mold has a receptacle wall that runs in the axial direction on the outside of the hollow body wall arranged in the receptacle.
  • a first partial length of the receptacle wall extends close to the hollow body wall parallel to it and forms an outer support surface for the unthickened hollow body wall.
  • a second partial length of the receptacle wall is offset radially outwards compared to the first partial length of the receptacle wall, expanding the receptacle, and delimits an escape space of the outer mold formed due to the offset.
  • An inner support body is arranged on the inside of the unthickened hollow body wall in such a way that it forms an inner support surface for the hollow body wall with a support body surface running on the inside of the hollow body wall in the axial direction and in particular parallel to the hollow body wall.
  • the inner support body and the inner support surface provided on it are located in the axial direction both at the height of the outer support surface and at the height of the escape space of the outer form.
  • the hollow body is actuated by means of two loading elements at loading points in the axial A compressive force is applied to the loading elements in the axial direction by moving them towards each other in a compression movement.
  • the loading points on the hollow body are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction and the escape space of the outer shape is arranged between the loading points.
  • material of the hollow body wall between the loading points in the area of the escape space of the outer shape is plasticized and plasticized material of the hollow body wall flows into the escape space of the outer shape, thickening the hollow body wall.
  • a continuous compression movement is generated by appropriately controlling the motor drive of the loading elements.
  • a continuous compression movement is associated with a continuous flow of material into the escape space of the outer shape.
  • the inner support body preferably ensures that the cross-section of the cavity delimited by the hollow body wall remains essentially unchanged, in particular at the level of the escape space of the outer shape.
  • the hollow body is acted upon in the axial direction by an actuating element which protrudes radially outward from the outside of the hollow body wall and limits the escape space of the outer shape in the axial direction. As a result, the axial extent of the escape space can be increased.
  • an axial relative movement of the loading elements carrying out the continuous compression movement on the one hand and the outer shape on the other hand is carried out in the axial direction by superimposing a movement carried out by the outer shape in the axial direction on the continuous compression movement of the loading elements carrying out the continuous compression movement.
  • the axial extent of the thickening produced on the hollow body wall can be defined by the amount of the axial relative movement of the loading elements and the outer shape.
  • Material of the hollow body wall flows into the escape space of the outer mold, which is constantly increasing due to the axial relative movement of the loading elements carrying out the continuous compression movement on the one hand and the outer mold on the other hand, where the thickening of the hollow body wall can consequently build up continuously over the desired axial length.
  • the compression movement of the loading elements is force-controlled.
  • the basis for the force control of the compression movement is the amount of the forming force that is introduced into the hollow body wall to be formed by means of the loading elements.
  • a limit value of the forming force which indicates that the escape space of the outer shape is completely filled with plasticized material of the hollow body wall, an increase in the escape space is initiated, thereby creating the conditions for further plasticized wall material to flow into the escape space.
  • the limit value of the forming force in the force control of the forming process can be determined empirically.
  • the axial relative movement of the loading elements and the outer mold is carried out by means of a controlled motor drive.
  • the method according to the invention can be designed in particular as a cold forming method.
  • Hollow bodies made of any plastically deformable materials are formed, in particular hollow bodies which have at least walls made of plastically deformable metal.
  • a mandrel for example, can be used as an internal support body, and stamps can be used as the loading elements.
  • a controllable hydraulic drive can be used as the motor drive to generate the compression movement of the loading elements.
  • other controllable drive types are also conceivable.
  • the motor drive of the loading elements comprises two drive units, each of which is assigned to one of the loading elements and which are controlled in a coordinated manner, for example, by means of a numerical control system.
  • the numerical control system for the loading elements can be integrated into a higher-level device or tool control system or into a higher-level machine control system.
  • the hollow body to be formed is preferably open in the axial direction at at least one end.
  • different axial sections of the hollow body wall can be thickened in the manner described.
  • various possibilities for generating the compression movement of the loading elements are used in a complementary or alternative manner.
  • one of the loading elements is moved in the direction of the other loading element that is stationary in the axial direction and/or that both loading elements are moved simultaneously and in opposite directions in the axial direction and/or that both loading elements are moved simultaneously and in the same direction and at different speeds in the axial direction.
  • the distance between the loading elements in the axial direction is reduced and the hollow body wall is subjected to pressure and plasticized in an area arranged between the loading points.
  • the plasticized material of the hollow body wall is prevented from escaping into the interior of the cavity by the inner support body and consequently flows into the escape space of the outer mold arranged on the outside of the hollow body wall, thickening the hollow body wall.
  • pressure is preferably applied to the hollow body on at least one of the end radial faces of the hollow body, in particular the hollow body wall, which are easily accessible for the forming device.
  • the hollow body is subjected to a compressive force in the axial direction by an application element formed integrally with the inner support body (patent claim 4).
  • one of the loading elements is designed as a hollow organ and is provided with an organ cavity running in the axial direction
  • the inner support body can run into the organ cavity of the loading element in question during the compression movement of the loading elements. If the cross section of the organ cavity and the cross section of the inner support body are coordinated with one another and the loading element that interacts with the hollow organ is designed as one piece with the inner support body, the two loading elements are guided relative to one another in the axial direction during the compression movement by the inner support body accommodated in the organ cavity (patent claim 5).
  • the thickened hollow body wall or the hollow body and the outer shape are separated from one another by a relative movement carried out by the thickened hollow body wall or the hollow body and the outer shape in the axial direction (patent claim 6).
  • the invention provides that the thickened hollow body wall or the hollow body is removed from the outer mold by moving outer mold parts formed by dividing the outer mold in the axial direction relative to one another in the radial direction while opening the outer mold (claim 7).
  • the latter procedure is chosen in particular when the geometry of the formed Hollow body does not allow removal of the hollow body from the outer mold solely by movement in the axial direction.
  • the device according to the invention has the outer mold divided in the axial direction.
  • the outer mold parts formed by the division of the outer mold can be moved relative to one another in the radial direction, preferably by means of a controllable motor drive (claim 11).
  • the outer mold can be opened or closed as desired by relative movements of the outer mold parts in the radial direction.
  • a first axial outer mold part formed by dividing the outer mold in the radial direction is divided in the axial direction into outer mold parts which can be moved relative to one another in the radial direction, preferably by means of a controllable motor drive.
  • the first axial outer mold part has the first, cross-sectionally reduced partial length of the receptacle for the hollow body wall provided on the outer mold.
  • a second axial outer mold part results due to the radial division of the outer mold.
  • the second axial outer mold part is formed in one piece and provided with the escape space of the outer mold, wherein the escape space on the second axial outer mold part opens out to the first axial outer mold part and the wall of the escape space runs in the axial direction such that the second axial outer mold part and the thickening of the hollow body wall formed in the escape space are movable relative to one another in the axial direction while the thickening of the hollow body wall emerges from the second axial outer mold part.
  • the two axial outer mold parts are adjacent to one another in the axial direction. Inside the two axial outer mold parts, the first partial length of the receiving wall and the escape space complement each other to form the entire receiving space provided for the hollow body wall or the hollow body. Due to its one-piece design, the second axial outer mold part is free of parting lines. This circumstance is advantageous in that when thickening a hollow body wall, due to the lack of parting lines, no parting lines are undesirably formed on the thickening of the hollow body wall created in the escape space of the outer mold. Since the receptacle of the outer mold intended for receiving the hollow body wall on the second If only the escape space is provided for the axial outer mold part, i.e.
  • the formed hollow body can be removed from the second axial outer mold part by a movement in the axial direction.
  • a machine shown in outline and designed as a forming machine 1 has a first tool holder 2 and a second tool holder 3.
  • a punch 4 is fixed in the first tool holder 2, the second tool holder 3 holds a processing unit 5, which in turn consists of a pressure piece 6 and a mandrel 7 formed in one piece with the pressure piece 6 and having a reduced cross-section compared to the pressure piece 6.
  • the mandrel 7, like the pressure piece 6, has a circular cross-section. Due to the reduced cross-section of the mandrel 7 compared to the pressure piece 6, the pressure piece 6 forms a circumferential shoulder 8.
  • the stamp 4 and the pressure piece 6 of the processing unit 5 form loading elements, whereby the stamp 4 is designed as a hollow element and has a stamp cavity 9 as the cavity of the element.
  • the stamp cavity 9 has a circular cross-section, just like the mandrel 7.
  • the cross-sectional size of the stamp cavity 9 minimally exceeds the cross-sectional size of the mandrel 7.
  • a motor drive unit 10 By means of a motor drive unit 10, the stamp 4 can be moved along a movement axis 11.
  • a motor drive unit 12 serves to move the processing unit 5 along the movement axis 11.
  • Both the motor drive unit 10 and In the example shown, the motor drive unit 12 is a hydraulic drive of conventional design. Together, the motor drive units 10, 12 form a motor drive 13 for the punch 4 and the processing unit 5 and thus for the pressure piece 6 and the mandrel 7.
  • a programmable numerical control 14 of the motor drive 13 or the motor drive units 10, 12 is in Figure 1A shown in a suggestive manner.
  • the punch 4 and the processing unit 5 form a forming tool 16.
  • the forming tool 16 is in all of the Figures 1A to 8B shown, while the remaining parts of the forming machine 1 are shown for the sake of simplicity only in Figure 1A are shown.
  • the reinforcement 15 has a receptacle 17 with a receptacle wall 18.
  • the receptacle wall 18 runs parallel to the movement axis 11 of the punch 4 and the processing unit 5 and comprises a first partial length 19 and a second partial length 20 which adjoins the first partial length 19 along the movement axis 11 and is offset radially outwards relative to the first partial length 19, expanding the receptacle 17.
  • the second partial length 20 of the receptacle wall 18 delimits an escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15.
  • the relevant drawing detail "A" of Figure 1A is in Figure 1B shown enlarged.
  • the forming tool 16 serves as a device for section-by-section thickening of a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, in the example case shown for section-by-section thickening of a wall 22 of a hollow shaft 23 consisting of plastically deformable steel.
  • the wall 22 delimits a hollow space of the hollow shaft 23 that is circular in cross-section.
  • the movement axis 11 coincides with the cavity axis of the cavity and defines an axial direction with its course.
  • FIGS 1A to 4B illustrate the sequence of a method which can be implemented by means of the forming machine 1 or by means of the forming tool 16 and is not according to the invention for section-wise thickening of the wall 22 of the Hollow shaft 23. Modified methods compared to these methods are based on the Figures 5A to 8B explained.
  • the different process stages are each shown with an overall view of the forming tool 16 as well as with an enlarged drawing detail "A".
  • the numbering of the overall views has the suffix A, the numbering of the enlarged drawing details has the suffix B.
  • the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 has a circular cross-section.
  • the outer diameter of the wall 22 corresponds to the diameter of the holder 17 on the reinforcement 15 and matches the diameter of the pressure piece 6 of the processing unit 5.
  • the inner diameter of the wall 22 corresponds to the diameter of the mandrel 7 of the processing unit 5.
  • the hollow shaft 23 pushed into the holder 17 of the reinforcement 15 therefore sits on the mandrel 7 without play in the radial direction.
  • the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 is closely adjacent to the holder wall 18 of the holder 17. In the axial direction, the hollow shaft 23 rests with a radial end face 24 of the wall 22 on the shoulder 8 of the pressure piece 6 which runs around the movement axis 11.
  • the punch 4 is advanced in the axial direction towards the hollow shaft 23 by means of the motor drive 13 or the motor drive unit 10 until a radial end face 25 of the punch 4 comes to rest on a radial end face 26 of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 and the hollow shaft 23 is consequently moved with a small amount of force between the pressure piece 6 or the shoulder 8 of the processing unit 5 on the one hand and the punch 4 on the other hand in the axial direction.
  • the mandrel 7 runs with its end remote from the pressure piece 6 in the axial direction into the punch cavity 9.
  • the feed movement of the punch 4 carried out by means of the motor drive 13 or the motor drive unit 10 can be both path-controlled and force-controlled by the numerical control 14.
  • the punch 4 In the case of a path-dependent control, the punch 4 is moved from its starting position over a defined path length in the axial direction.
  • a force-dependent control the increase in force in the drive train of the punch 4, which occurs when the punch 4 runs with the radial end face 25 onto the radial end face 26 of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23, marks the end of the feed movement.
  • the described delivery movement of the stamp 4 is also carried out within the framework of the procedure according to the Figures 1A to 4B and in the context of the procedure under the Figures 5A to 8B
  • the conditions resulting at the end of the feed movement of the punch 4 are shown in the Figures 1A, 1B and in the Figures 5A, 5B
  • the subsequent procedures are different from each other.
  • any other material flow is prevented on the inside of the wall 22 by the mandrel 7, which acts as an inner support body for the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 and which, with its axially parallel lateral surface, forms a support body surface or a forms an inner support surface for the wall 22 and uses this surface to support the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 in the radial direction.
  • the first partial length 19 of the receiving wall 18 acts accordingly on the outside of the wall 22.
  • the first partial length 19 of the receiving wall 18 forms an outer support surface for the wall 22 running parallel to the wall 22 and accordingly also supports the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 in the radial direction.
  • the compression movement i.e. the movement carried out by the pressure piece 6 relative to the stationary punch 4 of the forming tool 16 in the axial direction, ends as soon as the escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15 is filled with plasticized material of the wall 22, forming a thickening 27 of the wall 22, and thus the process stage according to the Figures 2A, 2B is reached.
  • Both a path control and a force control are also conceivable for the described compression movement of the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6.
  • a travel length of the pressure piece 6, determined empirically for example, must be stored in the numerical control 14 of the motor drive 13. As soon as the pressure piece 6 has moved in the axial direction over the specified path length, the motor drive unit 12 used to move the pressure piece 6 is stopped.
  • the motor drive unit 12 for the pressure piece 6 is switched off as soon as the increase in the motor drive force is detected by means of a corresponding sensor on the motor drive unit 12, which occurs when the escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15 is filled with plasticized material of the wall 22 and a further advance of the hollow shaft 23 in the axial direction is consequently blocked.
  • the punch 4 is moved back in the axial direction relative to the radial end face 26 of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 by means of the motor drive unit 10 by the distance over which the thickening 27 of the wall 22 is to be extended in the axial direction in the subsequent forming process.
  • the motor drive unit 10 is stopped and a new compression movement of the type described above is carried out by means of the motor drive unit 12.
  • the pressure piece 6 is again moved away or force-controlled in the axial direction relative to the punch 4, which is stationary in this direction, by means of the motor drive unit 12, until the escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15, which has been enlarged due to the previous retraction movement of the punch 4, is again completely filled with plasticized material of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 and the conditions are thus in accordance with the Figures 3A, 3B have resulted.
  • the process described is repeated until the thickening 27 produced on the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 has the desired length in the axial direction.
  • the pressure piece 6 is guided in the axial direction over the mandrel 7 inside the punch cavity 9.
  • a thickening 27 is built up in the escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15 on the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23, which runs in a wave-like manner on the outside in the axial direction.
  • the upsetting strokes of the upsetting movement carried out by the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6 one of the axial wave sections of the thickening 27 is produced.
  • the wave shape can be leveled if necessary.
  • the punch 4 is moved in the axial direction relative to the reinforcement 15 at rapid traverse to the starting position that it had assumed before the beginning of the forming process.
  • the processing unit 5 is advanced in the axial direction together with the hollow shaft 23 sitting on the mandrel 7 by actuating the motor drive unit 12 until the hollow shaft 23 is arranged at least partially outside the reinforcement 15 and is thus accessible for removal from the forming tool 16.
  • clamping shells 28, 29 can be used, as shown in Figure 4A are shown very schematically.
  • the clamping shells 28, 29 can be moved in the radial direction of the formed hollow shaft 23 in the direction of Figure 4a shown double arrows.
  • the clamping shells 28, 29 are moved against each other in the radial direction of the hollow shaft 23 until they clamp the hollow shaft 23 behind the thickening 27. Now, by actuating the motor drive unit 12, the processing unit 5 is moved back in the axial direction and the mandrel 7 is thereby pulled out of the interior of the hollow shaft 23. Once the mandrel 7 has left the cavity of the hollow shaft 23, the formed hollow shaft 23 can be removed from the forming machine 1 by means of the clamping shells 28, 29.
  • the clamping shells 28, 29 can be movable and/or pivotable in the axial direction. With a corresponding movement of the clamping shells 28, 29 in the opposite direction, a still undeformed hollow shaft can then be inserted into the forming machine 1 or the forming tool 16 to initiate a further forming process of the type described above.
  • a compression movement is carried out by moving the pressure piece 6 in the axial direction relative to the stamp 4, which is stationary in the axial direction, by means of the motor drive unit 12. If, as a result of the relative movement of the pressure piece 6 and the stamp 4, the escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15 has filled with plasticized material from the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23, forming the thickening 27, the motor drive unit 12 is not stopped and the stamp 4 is retracted relative to the radial end face 26 of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23.
  • the joint movement of the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6 follows seamlessly on from the first movement phase, in which only the pressure piece 6 is moved in the axial direction.
  • Plasticized material of the wall 22 flows continuously into the escape space 21. In this way, the thickening 27 is created over the desired axial length at the relevant axial end of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23.
  • the wall 22 is supported in the radial direction on its inside by the mandrel 7 and on its outside by the first partial length 19 of the receiving wall 18.
  • the joint movement of the punch 4 and the pressure piece 5 is carried out relative to the reinforcement 15 which is stationary in the axial direction.
  • the relative movement of the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6, which is carried out as a continuous compression movement, as well as the relative movement carried out simultaneously with the compression movement between the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6 on the one hand and the reinforcement 15, which is stationary in the axial direction, on the other hand, are controlled in such a way that the escape space 21 of the reinforcement 15, which lengthens in the axial direction during the forming process, is permanently completely filled with plasticized material of the wall 22.
  • the thickening 27 is created over its entire axial length with an axially parallel outer surface that is flat in the axial direction and exactly reproduces the wall of the escape space 21.
  • the thickening 27 on the wall 22 of the hollow body 23 is smaller than the ratios according to the Figures 6A, 6B extended in the axial direction, but the final length of the thickening 27 is not yet reached. With its final axial length, the thickening 27 is at the relevant axial end of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23 in the Figures 8A, 8B shown.
  • the speed of the punch 4 is increased by appropriate control of the motor drive unit 10 such that the speed of the punch 4 exceeds the speed of the pressure piece 6.
  • the punch 4 lifts off the radial face 25 of the radial face 26 of the wall 22 and moves in rapid traverse to its starting position, which is away from the reinforcement 15 in the axial direction.
  • the formed hollow shaft 23 is pushed out of the reinforcement 15 by the processing unit 5, which continues its movement in the axial direction unchanged.
  • the hollow shaft 23 arranged outside the reinforcement 15 can be moved in the manner described above by means of the Figures 8A, 8B clamping shells 28, 29 (not shown) and removed from the forming tool 16 or from the forming machine 1.
  • a hollow shaft 23 to be machined can then be fed to the forming tool 16 by means of the clamping shells 28, 29.
  • the compression movement carried out by the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6 is offset by the reinforcement 15 in the axial direction relative to to the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6 is superimposed.
  • the extent of the escape space 21 on the reinforcement 15 increases in the axial direction and the thickening 27 on the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23, which builds up in the escape space 21 due to the compression movement of the punch 4 and the pressure piece 6, can lengthen in the axial direction.
  • the formed hollow shaft 23 can be subjected to post-processing as part of a manufacturing process.
  • special functional devices such as a thread or gear teeth, are created on the thickening 27 of the wall 22 of the hollow shaft 23.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé conçu pour épaissir, notamment par zones, une paroi (22) plastiquement déformable d'un corps creux (23), laquelle paroi (22) du corps creux s'étend, dans une direction axiale, le long d'un axe d'une cavité du corps creux (23) délimitée par ladite paroi (22) du corps creux,
    • sachant que le corps creux (23) est disposé, à l'état non épaissi de la paroi (22) dudit corps creux, dans un logement (17) d'un moule extérieur (15, 31), muni d'une paroi (18), de façon telle que ladite paroi (18) du logement s'étende à la face extérieure de la paroi (22) du corps creux, dans la direction axiale, qu'elle donne naissance, par une première longueur partielle (19) s'étendant dans la direction axiale, à une surface extérieure d'appui qui s'étend parallèlement à la paroi (22) du corps creux et est affectée à ladite paroi (22) du corps creux non épaissie, et qu'elle délimite un espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) par une seconde longueur partielle (20) s'étendant dans la direction axiale, laquelle seconde longueur partielle (20) de la paroi (18) du logement est décalée vers l'extérieur dans le sens radial par rapport à ladite première longueur partielle (19) de ladite paroi (18) du logement en donnant naissance audit espace d'évasion (21), avec élargissement dudit logement (17),
    • sachant qu'un corps intérieur d'appui (7) est implanté à la face intérieure de la paroi (22) du corps creux non épaissie, de telle manière que ledit corps intérieur d'appui (7) donne naissance, par une surface s'étendant dans la direction axiale au niveau de ladite face intérieure de la paroi (22) du corps creux, à une surface intérieure d'appui affectée à ladite paroi (22) du corps creux, laquelle surface intérieure d'appui dudit corps intérieur d'appui (7) est située, dans la direction axiale, au niveau de la surface extérieure d'appui et également au niveau de l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31),
    • sachant que, lorsque l'appui radial de la paroi (22) du corps creux non épaissie exerce un effet opérant au niveau de la surface extérieure d'appui du moule extérieur (15, 31), et lorsque l'appui radial de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux exerce un effet opérant au niveau de la surface intérieure d'appui du corps intérieur d'appui (7), le corps creux (23) est respectivement sollicité par une force de pression dans la direction axiale au moyen de deux organes de sollicitation (4, 6), en des points de sollicitation, en ce sens que lesdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) sont mus l'un vers l'autre en effectuant un mouvement continu de refoulement dans la direction axiale, lesdits points de sollicitation étant alors mutuellement espacés dans la direction axiale sur ledit corps creux (23), sachant que l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) est situé entre lesdits points de sollicitation, et sachant qu'un organe de sollicitation (4, 6) fait saillie vers l'extérieur dans le sens radial par rapport à la face extérieure de la paroi (22) dudit corps creux, et délimite ledit espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) dans la direction axiale, et
    • sachant que ledit mouvement de refoulement desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) se traduit par une plastification de matériau de la paroi (22) du corps creux entre lesdits points de sollicitation, dans la région de l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31), et que du matériau plastifié de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux flue dans ledit espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31), gouvernant un épaississement de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux, et
    • sachant qu'il s'opère dans la direction axiale, en plus du mouvement continu de refoulement des organes de sollicitation (4, 6), un mouvement axial relatif desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) effectuant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, d'une part, et dudit moule extérieur (15, 31) d'autre part, étant donné qu'un mouvement accompli par ledit moule extérieur (15, 31), dans la direction axiale, vient se superposer au mouvement continu de refoulement des organes de sollicitation (4, 6) accomplissant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, ledit mouvement axial relatif exécuté, d'une part, par les organes de sollicitation (4, 6) accomplissant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, et par le moule extérieur (15, 31) d'autre part, ayant pour effet d'accroître l'étendue de l'espace d'évasion (21) dudit moule extérieur(15, 31) existante dans la direction axiale,
    caractérisé par le fait
    • que le mouvement de refoulement des organes de sollicitation (4, 6) est commandé en force ; et
    • qu'un accroissement de l'étendue de l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31), existante dans la direction axiale, est amorcé aussitôt que la valeur d'une force de déformation induite dans la paroi (22) du corps creux vouée à la déformation, au moyen desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6), atteint une valeur limite indicative d'un emplissage intégral dudit espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) par du matériau plastifié de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les organes de sollicitation (4, 6) sont mus l'un vers l'autre par le mouvement de refoulement accompli dans la direction axiale,
    • en ce sens que l'un desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) est mû en direction de l'autre organe de sollicitation (4, 6), fixe dans la direction axiale, ou
    • en ce sens que les deux organes de sollicitation (4, 6) sont mus, dans la direction axiale, en simultanéité et dans des sens opposés, ou
    • en ce sens que les deux organes de sollicitation (4, 6) sont mus dans la direction axiale en simultanéité, dans le même sens, et à des vitesses différentes.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le corps creux (23) est sollicité par une force de pression dans la direction axiale, à l'aide d'au moins l'un des organes de sollicitation (4, 6), en un point de sollicitation, au niveau d'une face frontale radiale extrême (24, 26) dudit corps creux (23).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le corps creux (23) est sollicité par une force de pression, dans la direction axiale, par l'intermédiaire d'un organe de sollicitation (6) ménagé d'un seul tenant avec le corps intérieur d'appui (7).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le corps creux (23) est sollicité par une force de pression, dans la direction axiale, par l'intermédiaire d'un organe de sollicitation (4) réalisé sous la forme d'un organe creux et doté d'une cavité (9) qui s'étend dans la direction axiale, est ouverte au moins vers le corps intérieur d'appui (7) et est conçue pour recevoir ledit corps intérieur d'appui (7).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi (22) du corps creux épaissie est prélevée du moule extérieur (15, 31) par un mouvement relatif exécuté, dans la direction axiale, par ladite paroi (22) du corps creux épaissie et par ledit moule extérieur (15, 31).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi (22) du corps creux épaissie est prélevée du moule extérieur (31) en ce sens que des parties (34, 35) de moule extérieur, ménagées par subdivision dudit moule extérieur (31) dans la direction axiale, sont animées d'un mouvement relatif, dans la direction radiale, par ouverture dudit moule extérieur (31).
  8. Procédé de fabrication conçu pour produire un corps creux (23) muni d'une paroi (22) délimitant une cavité et s'étendant, dans une direction axiale, le long d'un axe de ladite cavité, notamment pour produire un arbre directeur réalisé en tant qu'arbre creux, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi (22) du corps creux est épaissie, en particulier par zones, selon le procédé conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes et est, en conséquence, pourvue d'un épaississement (27) sur une longueur s'étendant dans la direction axiale.
  9. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'épaississement (27) de la paroi (22) du corps creux est doté d'au moins un agencement fonctionnel, par exemple d'une denture et/ou d'un filetage.
  10. Dispositif dévolu à l'épaississement, notamment par zones, d'une paroi (22) plastiquement déformable d'un corps creux (23), laquelle paroi (22) du corps creux s'étend, dans une direction axiale, le long d'un axe d'une cavité dudit corps creux (23) délimitée par ladite paroi (22) du corps creux, ledit dispositif comprenant :
    • un moule extérieur (15, 31) comportant un logement (17) prévu pour la paroi (22) du corps creux et muni d'une paroi (18) qui est associée à la face extérieure de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux, donne naissance, par une première longueur partielle (19) s'étendant dans la direction axiale, à une surface extérieure d'appui affectée à la paroi (22) du corps creux non épaissie et délimitant un espace d'évasion (21) dudit moule extérieur (15, 31) par une seconde longueur partielle (20) s'étendant dans la direction axiale, laquelle seconde longueur partielle (20) de la paroi (18) du logement est décalée vers l'extérieur dans le sens radial par rapport à ladite première longueur partielle (19) de ladite paroi (18) du logement en donnant naissance audit espace d'évasion (21), avec élargissement dudit logement (17),
    • un corps intérieur d'appui (7) associé à la face intérieure de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux et donnant naissance, par une surface associée à ladite face intérieure de la paroi (22) du corps creux et s'étendant dans la direction axiale, à une surface intérieure d'appui affectée à ladite paroi (22) du corps creux, laquelle surface intérieure d'appui dudit corps intérieur d'appui (7) peut être située, dans la direction axiale, au niveau de la surface extérieure d'appui et également au niveau de l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31),
    • deux organes de sollicitation (4, 6), ainsi qu'un entraînement motorisé pilotable (13) dédié auxdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6), sachant que, lorsque l'appui radial de la paroi (22) du corps creux non épaissie exerce un effet opérant au niveau de la surface extérieure d'appui du moule extérieur (15, 31), et lorsque l'appui radial de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux exerce un effet opérant au niveau de la surface intérieure d'appui du corps intérieur d'appui (7), le corps creux (23) peut être respectivement sollicité par une force de pression dans la direction axiale au moyen desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6), en des points de sollicitation, en ce sens que lesdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) peuvent être mus l'un vers l'autre au moyen de l'entraînement motorisé (13), en effectuant un mouvement continu de refoulement dans la direction axiale, lesdits points de sollicitation étant alors mutuellement espacés dans la direction axiale sur ledit corps creux (23), sachant que l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) est situé entre lesdits points de sollicitation, et sachant qu'un organe de sollicitation (4, 6) fait saillie vers l'extérieur dans le sens radial par rapport à la face extérieure de la paroi (22) dudit corps creux, et délimite ledit espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) dans la direction axiale, et sachant que ledit mouvement de refoulement desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) peut se traduire par une plastification de matériau de la paroi (22) du corps creux entre lesdits points de sollicitation, dans la région de l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31), et que du matériau plastifié de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux flue dans ledit espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31), gouvernant un épaississement de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux, et
    • sachant qu'il est prévu un entraînement motorisé piloté qui engendre un mouvement axial relatif, exécuté dans la direction axiale en plus du mouvement continu de refoulement des organes de sollicitation (4, 6) et effectué, d'une part, par lesdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) accomplissant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, et par le moule extérieur (15, 31) d'autre part, en ce sens que ledit entraînement motorisé piloté superpose, audit mouvement continu de refoulement desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6) accomplissant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, un mouvement effectué par ledit moule extérieur (15, 31) dans la direction axiale, lequel mouvement axial relatif exécuté, d'une part, par les organes de sollicitation (4, 6) accomplissant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, et par ledit moule extérieur (15, 31) d'autre part, a pour effet d'accroître l'étendue de l'espace de détournement (21) dudit moule extérieur (15, 31) existante dans la direction axiale,
    caractérisé par le fait
    • que les organes de sollicitation (4, 6) peuvent être mus l'un vers l'autre au moyen de l'entraînement motorisé (13) en effectuant, dans la direction axiale, un mouvement continu de refoulement commandé en force ; et
    • qu'un accroissement de l'étendue de l'espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31), existante dans la direction axiale, peut être amorcé, au moyen dudit entraînement motorisé prévu pour engendrer le mouvement axial relatif exécuté, d'une part, par les organes de sollicitation (4, 6) accomplissant ledit mouvement continu de refoulement, et par le moule extérieur (15, 31) d'autre part, aussitôt que la valeur d'une force de déformation induite dans la paroi (22) du corps creux vouée à la déformation, au moyen desdits organes de sollicitation (4, 6), atteint une valeur limite indicative d'un emplissage intégral dudit espace d'évasion (21) du moule extérieur (15, 31) par du matériau plastifié de ladite paroi (22) du corps creux.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que le moule extérieur (31) est scindé, dans la direction axiale, en donnant naissance à plusieurs parties (34, 35) de moule extérieur ; et par le fait que lesdites parties (34, 35) du moule extérieur peuvent être animées d'un mouvement relatif dans la direction radiale, de préférence au moyen d'un entraînement motorisé pilotable, par ouverture dudit moule extérieur (31).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que le moule extérieur (31) est scindé, dans la direction radiale, en donnant naissance à une première partie axiale (32) et à une seconde partie axiale (33) dudit moule extérieur, auquel cas la première longueur partielle (19) de la paroi (18) du logement, donnant naissance à une surface extérieure d'appui dédiée à la paroi (22) du corps creux non épaissie, et l'espace d'évasion (21) dudit moule extérieur (31), sont respectivement prévus sur la première partie axiale (32) et sur la seconde partie axiale (33) dudit moule extérieur ; et par le fait que la première partie axiale (32) du moule extérieur est scindée dans la direction axiale, en donnant naissance à plusieurs parties (34, 35) de moule extérieur, et les parties (34, 35) de moule extérieur de ladite première partie axiale (32) du moule extérieur peuvent être animées d'un mouvement relatif dans la direction radiale, de préférence au moyen d'un entraînement motorisé pilotable, par ouverture de ladite première partie axiale (32) dudit moule extérieur.
  13. Machine dévolue à la fabrication d'un corps creux (23) doté d'une paroi (22) délimitant une cavité et s'étendant, dans une direction axiale, le long d'un axe de ladite cavité, notamment à la fabrication d'un arbre directeur réalisé en tant qu'arbre creux, caractérisée par le dispositif conforme à l'une des revendications 10 à 12.
EP17150435.0A 2017-01-05 2017-01-05 Procédé et dispositif pour épaissir locallement un corps creux Active EP3345694B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17150435.0A EP3345694B1 (fr) 2017-01-05 2017-01-05 Procédé et dispositif pour épaissir locallement un corps creux
CA2990655A CA2990655C (fr) 2017-01-05 2018-01-02 Methode et dispositif servant a epaissir une paroi de corps creux d'un corps creux deformable plastiquement, en particulier en portions, et methode de fabrication et machine de production d'un corps creux
KR1020180000318A KR102190176B1 (ko) 2017-01-05 2018-01-02 중공 몸체의 소성 변형 가능한 중공 몸체 벽을, 특히 부분적으로, 두껍게 하기 위한 방법 및 장치, 그리고 중공 몸체를 생산하기 위한 제조 방법 및 기계
US15/860,878 US11007564B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2018-01-03 Method and device for thickening a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, in particular in portions, and manufacturing method and machine for producing a hollow body
JP2018000196A JP6698713B2 (ja) 2017-01-05 2018-01-04 中空体の塑性変形可能な中空体壁を特に部分的に厚肉化するための方法および装置ならびに中空体を製造するための製造方法および機械
CN201810010668.2A CN108356207B (zh) 2017-01-05 2018-01-05 可塑化变形空心体壁尤其区段加厚方法设备制造方法机器
US17/232,276 US11890667B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2021-04-16 Method and device for thickening a plastically deformable hollow body wall of a hollow body, in particular in portions, and manufacturing method and machine for producing a hollow body

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JP2018108606A (ja) 2018-07-12
JP6698713B2 (ja) 2020-05-27
KR20180080997A (ko) 2018-07-13
US20180185901A1 (en) 2018-07-05
CN108356207B (zh) 2021-02-19
KR102190176B1 (ko) 2020-12-11
US11007564B2 (en) 2021-05-18
EP3345694A1 (fr) 2018-07-11
CA2990655A1 (fr) 2018-07-05
CN108356207A (zh) 2018-08-03
US11890667B2 (en) 2024-02-06
US20210229160A1 (en) 2021-07-29

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