EP3320122B1 - Alliage de laiton - Google Patents

Alliage de laiton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3320122B1
EP3320122B1 EP16736855.4A EP16736855A EP3320122B1 EP 3320122 B1 EP3320122 B1 EP 3320122B1 EP 16736855 A EP16736855 A EP 16736855A EP 3320122 B1 EP3320122 B1 EP 3320122B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
proportion
brass alloy
alloy
weight
percent
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EP16736855.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3320122A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Zeiger
Benjamin Cappi
Helge Lehmann
Daniel Lulinski
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Aurubis Stolberg GmbH and Co KG
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Aurubis Stolberg GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to RS20201316A priority Critical patent/RS61025B1/sr
Publication of EP3320122A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320122A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brass alloy with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Corresponding brass alloys are often manufactured as semi-finished products in strips, wire form, rods, sheets or plates and then further processed into end products. Further processing is often carried out by using machining processes.
  • lead When cutting brass, it has proven advantageous in the past to add up to four percent by weight of lead to the alloy.
  • the lead has a positive effect as a chip breaker, extends tool life and reduces cutting forces.
  • Important material parameters, such as strength and corrosion resistance, are not negatively influenced by the addition of lead.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to create an alternative brass alloy which has good machinability, adequate mechanical properties and causes the lowest possible wear on the cutting tools used.
  • the brass alloy have an indium content of 0.005 to 1.0 percent by weight and an addition of at least one of the components FE, Sn, Ni or Mn of 0.01 totaling 3.0 percent by weight and no addition of bismuth .
  • indium improves the chip-breaking properties of the brass alloy can be influenced, so that the workability of the brass alloy can be improved.
  • the indium practically replaces the lead previously used while achieving the same advantages, so that the lead content in the brass alloy can be reduced to zero in extreme cases, and the brass alloy can still be machined very well.
  • the indium content is preferably 0.005 to 1.0 percent by weight, whereby the advantages to be achieved can already be achieved.
  • the indium content can be less than 0.25 percent by weight, so that favorable structural properties can already be achieved.
  • the indium content should be chosen to be rather lower, since indium is a comparatively expensive element. In this way, the indium content should be selected as low as possible and the favorable structural properties should nevertheless be achieved, for which an indium content of at least 0.05 and a maximum of 0.25 percent by weight has proven to be useful.
  • the brass alloy also contains a proportion of zinc of 36.0 to 46 percent by weight and the proportion of copper is between 54 and 64 percent by weight.
  • the alloy preferably has a mixed crystal with portions of an alpha structure or an alpha / beta structure.
  • a brass alloy with a 100% alpha structure is also used conceivable if the zinc content is close to or equal to 36 percent by weight.
  • a mixed structure of alpha- and beta-structure is preferred, as a result of which in particular good machinability can be achieved.
  • the copper content can preferably be at most 60 percent by weight, and the zinc content can preferably be between 36 and 40 percent by weight, as a result of which a structure which is particularly favorable in terms of machinability can be achieved.
  • a mixed structure with particularly good properties can be achieved in that the proportion by weight of the beta structure is 20 to 80 percent by weight, preferably 50 percent by weight.
  • At least one additional alloy component with a proportion of at most 3.0 percent by weight can be provided, the sum of the proportions of all additional alloy components preferably being at least 0.2 percent by weight.
  • the amount of copper is preferably 54 to 64.0 percent by weight, and the amount of zinc is preferably about 42 percent by weight.
  • the idea is based on the approaches essential to the invention mentioned below in order to achieve the desired material properties: a) The addition of indium has a positive effect on the chip-breaking properties. b) The microstructure is influenced by the proposed copper / zinc ratio in such a way that an alpha / beta crystal mixture is present in which the proportion of beta phase is around 20 to 80%. Since the beta phase shows brittle behavior under normal machining conditions, its increased proportion leads to a more favorable machining behavior, c) Further alloying elements serve to stabilize the alpha and beta phase, especially during the manufacturing process of the semi-finished product. d) In addition, the machining behavior and the mechanical properties are positively influenced by the targeted addition of further elements that form precipitates.
  • a fourth advantage can be achieved by influencing the arrangement or orientation of the two phases alpha and beta and / or the precipitates in order to adjust the processing properties in a targeted manner (e.g. by a combination of forming and heat treatment).
  • the chip-breaking properties are consciously achieved by the alloy additives and in particular by the indium, so that the addition of bismuth is deliberately not provided. However, it cannot be ruled out that small amounts of bismuth get into the alloy due to contaminated scrap, but this should not be understood as a deliberate addition of bismuth. Nevertheless, the solution according to the invention offers the advantage that the chip-breaking properties are now achieved with alloy additives instead of the constituents lead and bismuth which are to be avoided, which are far less harmful in terms of possible health damage.
  • the precipitates contained in the structure support the machining behavior positively.
  • the alpha structure of the mixed crystal forms a surface-centered cubic structure.
  • the beta mixed crystal structure forms a body-centered cubic structure. It proves to be particularly advantageous if the proportion of the beta structure is at least 50%. This is particularly supported by the fact that there is a zinc content of about 42 percent by weight.
  • the elements iron and nickel have a regulative influence on the grain growth of the alpha and beta phase, with nickel additionally promoting the stabilization of the alpha structure. Excessive proportions lead to the alloy becoming brittle.
  • the elements tin, silicon, manganese and iron stabilize and increase the proportion of the beta phase.
  • Phosphorus can be added to improve corrosion resistance.
  • a maximum proportion of phosphorus in the range of 0.1 percent by weight is intended.
  • the proportion of copper is 54 to 64.0 percent by weight.
  • a first additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of iron is 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 percent by weight. Iron is used to control the grain size of the alpha and beta phases. Contents less than 0.01% do not have a sufficient effect. Shares greater than 0.5% would lead to very large iron precipitates, which have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy.
  • a second additional alloy component is defined by the fact that the proportion of nickel is 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 percent by weight, which advantageously stabilizes the alpha phase.
  • a third additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of silicon is 0.01 to 0.20 percent by weight, preferably 0.03 to 0.08 percent by weight. Silicon stabilizes the beta phase and, together with other elements, forms fine precipitates, which have a positive effect on the machining behavior and are responsible for grain refinement.
  • a fourth additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of manganese is 0.01 to 0.20 percent by weight, preferably 0.03 to 0.08 percent by weight. Manganese stabilizes the beta phase and, together with other elements, forms fine precipitates, which have a positive effect on the machining behavior and are responsible for grain refinement, similar to the proposed additional alloy component silicon.
  • a fifth additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of tin is 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 percent by weight.
  • a sixth additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of Cr is 0.01 to 0.2 percent by weight.
  • calcium and / or magnesium can also be provided in a proportion of 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight.
  • Phosphorus leads to an improved corrosion resistance of the alloy, in particular P also counteracts dezincification.
  • the proportion of elements that are not copper, zinc, indium, iron, nickel, silicon, manganese, antimony, calcium, cadmium, selenium, magnesium, lead or tin is less than 0, 2 percent by weight.
  • a preferred embodiment of the alloy preferably has the following percentages by weight with regard to its composition. Copper in the range from 54% to 64%, zinc in the range from 36% to 40.5%, iron in the range from 0.1% to 0.5%, nickel in the range from 0.1% to 0.5%, Silicon in the range from 0.01% to 0.2%, manganese in the range from 0.01% to 0.2%, antimony, calcium, cadmium, magnesium and selenium in the range up to 0.1%, and tin in the range from 0.1% to 0.5% and lead with a proportion of 0.1% or less. The proportion of indium is preferably 0.005 to 0.5%. The lead content of the alloy is, also due to the use of scrap in the production of such alloys, max. 0.1%.
  • proportions of copper and / or zinc are optionally reduced.
  • the proportion of copper is 57.0% to 57.5%
  • the proportion of zinc is 41.9% to 42.5%
  • the proportion of nickel is 0.2% to 0.3%
  • the proportion of iron 0.2% to 0.3% is 0.2% to 0.3%
  • the proportion of silicon 0.03% to 0.08% is 0.2% to 0.3%
  • the proportion of manganese 0.03% to 0.08% is 0.mony, calcium, cadmium, magnesium and selenium in the Range up to 0.1%
  • the proportion of tin 0.2% to 0.3% and the proportion of Lead and indium each less than 0.1%.
  • the sum of the weight proportions of all further possible constituents is at most 0.2%.
  • the proportion of copper is 54 to 58%, zinc 41 to 45%, nickel 0.2 to 0.3%, iron 0.2 to 0.3%, silicon 0.03 to 0.06% , Manganese 0.03 to 0.08%, calcium 0.3 to 0.5%, magnesium 0.6 to 0.9%, antimony ⁇ 0.1%, cadmium ⁇ 0.1%, selenium ⁇ 0.1 %, the sum of lead and indium ⁇ 0.1%, other components ⁇ 0.2%.
  • composition it is basically possible to add only some of the listed elements to the alloy. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, however, it is contemplated to add all of the elements listed above to the alloy in combination with one another in a proportion by weight within the respectively defined intervals.
  • the lead content is in an interval from 0.005% to 0.1%.
  • the indium content should also be between 0.005% and 0.5%. Due to the relationship according to the invention between the alpha mixed crystal and the beta mixed crystal, the desired material properties can be achieved even with reduced lead or indium contents.
  • the alpha mixed crystal leads to a relatively good deformability of the alloy and gives it tough properties.
  • the beta mixed crystal is relatively difficult to deform and is brittle. These properties are desirable for good machinability. Due to the relation according to the invention of the alpha and beta components thus imparting sufficient toughness to the alloy to aid ductility and sufficient brittleness to aid machinability.
  • a preferred production process can be carried out in such a way that hot forming (for example hot rolling or extrusion) is carried out in a temperature range from 600 to 750 ° C. first.
  • hot forming for example hot rolling or extrusion
  • an intermediate annealing is carried out after a first forming step.
  • an intermediate annealing at a temperature of about 400 to 600 ° C. is carried out.
  • the intermediate annealing leads to recrystallization and thus to a new grain formation. This supports a fine-grain microstructure.
  • the brass alloy from copper and zinc, with a lead content of 0.005 to 0.1%, an indium content of 0.005 to 0.5% and at least one further alloy component.
  • This additional alloy component influences the microstructure of the mixed crystal in order to achieve the required material properties depending on the application.
  • the following alloy is produced in terms of weight percentages.
  • Another preferred embodiment is provided in terms of weight percent by the following alloy.
  • the brass alloy according to the invention is used to manufacture so-called semi-finished products that are subjected to at least one further processing step.
  • the semi-finished products are typically produced by a casting process. Typical embodiments of such semi-finished products are strips, wires, profiles and / or rods.
  • the further processing step comprises at least one machining process.
  • the further processing step can also comprise a combination of shaping and machining.
  • the shaping can be carried out both at room temperature and at an elevated temperature. At the elevated temperatures, a warm temperature of up to about 450 ° C and a hot forming temperature in a range of 600 ° C to 850 ° C can be distinguished.
  • the chip breaking can be favorably influenced, in particular, by a specific ratio of the alloy components iron and tin to one another, since the ratio of these two alloy components to one another particularly favors the formation of the precipitates.
  • a favorable ratio of iron to tin would be e.g. 1.0 to 1.2.
  • the formation of the precipitates or the grain refinement and thus the chip breaking can be favorably influenced if the brass alloy contains chromium in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2 percent by weight and / or calcium and / or magnesium in an amount of 0.05 each up to 1.0 weight percent is added.
  • the proportion of bismuth is 0.0 percent, ie the brass alloy is free of bismuth.
  • the properties that favor chip breaking are achieved solely through the indium content and the other alloy components such as iron, tin, nickel, manganese, magnesium, calcium or chromium.
  • bismuth should also be avoided as far as possible due to properties that are disadvantageous to health, or at least should only be used in the smallest possible amount.
  • the proportion of bismuth in the brass alloy according to the invention is already limited to a maximum value of 0.1 percent by weight, whereby it is desirable to keep the proportion of bismuth as low as possible.
  • bismuth is not actively added to the brass alloy according to the invention, but instead it is only accepted if it cannot be avoided for technical reasons. However, since it can have positive effects on the material properties of the brass alloy despite its health-damaging properties, very small quantities can also be accepted.
  • the structural properties in particular the formation of the needle-like beta phase, by pressing or drawing, or at least to reinforce the formation of the beta phase or to shape it in a desired direction.
  • the development of a more globular morphology of the beta phase in the mixed crystal can be supported by a combination of the processing steps pressing, annealing and drawing in this order or pressing, drawing, annealing, drawing, whereby the size of the grains and the structural components of the beta phase are determined by the selected Process temperature can be set during annealing, pressing or drawing. The higher the process temperature, the larger the grains and the coarser the structure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Alliage de laiton à base de 54 à 64 pourcents en poids de Cu et de 36 à 46 pourcents en poids de Zn, l'alliage présentant une teneur en indium de 0,005 à 1,0 pourcents en poids, l'addition d'au moins un des composants Fe, Sn, Ni ou Mn à raison d'un total de 0,01 à 3,0 pourcents en poids et aucune addition de Bi ,
    - au choix, une proportion de Si de 0,01 à 0,2 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une proportion de Sb jusqu'à 0,5 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une proportion de cadmium jusqu'à 0,5 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une proportion de Ca jusqu'à 1,0 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une proportion de Mg jusqu'à 1,0 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une proportion de Se jusqu'à 0,5 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une teneur en phosphore d'au maximum 0,1 pourcents en poids,
    - au choix, une proportion de Cr de 0,01 à 0,2 pourcents en poids auxquels s'ajoutent des impuretés.
  2. Alliage de laiton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    - l'alliage présente un cristal mixte avec des fractions d'une structure alpha ou d'une structure alpha/bêta avec des précipitations.
  3. Alliage de laiton selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la proportion en poids
    - de la structure bêta est de 20 à 80 pourcents en poids.
  4. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - la somme des teneurs de tous les composants d'alliage prévus en plus du Cu et du Zn s'élève à au moins 0,2 pourcents en poids.
  5. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Zn est de 42 pourcents en poids.
  6. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Fe est de 0,05 à 0,5 pourcents en poids.
  7. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Ni est de 0,05 à 0,5 pourcents en poids.
  8. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Mn est de 0,01 à 0,20 pourcents en poids.
  9. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Sn est de 0,05 à 0,5 pourcents en poids.
  10. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur des substances qui ne sont pas le Cu, le Zn, le Fe, l'In, le Ni, le Si, le Mn, le Sb, le Ca, le Cd, le Se, le Pb ou le Sn est inférieure à 0,2 pourcents en poids.
  11. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de laiton présente les pourcentages en poids suivants : Cu 55 à 56 %, Fe 0,2 à 0,3 %, In 0,005 à 0,5 %, Ni 0,1 à 0,2 %, Si 0,01 à 0,03 %, Mn 0,1 à 0,2 %, Sn 0,3 à 0,5 %, Sb < 0,1 %, Ca < 0,1 %, Cd < 0,1 %, Se < 0,1 %, Pb < 0,1 %, Zn le reste.
  12. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de laiton présente les pourcentages en poids suivants : Cu 57 à 57,5 %, Fe 0,2 à 0,3 %, In 0,005 à 0,5 %, Ni 0,2 à 0,3 %, Sn 0,2 à 0,3 %, Sb < 0,1 %, Ca < 0,1 %, Cd < 0,1 %, Se < 0,1 %, Pb < 0,1 %, Zn le reste.
  13. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les pourcentages en poids suivants sont réalisés : Cu 56 à 56,5 %, Fe 0,4 à 0,5 %, In 0,005 à 0,5 %, Ni 0,2 à 0,3 %, Si 0 %, Mn 0,1 à 0,2 %, Sn 0,35 à 0,5 %, Sb < 0,1 %, Ca < 0,1 %, Cd < 0,1 %, Se < 0,1 %, Pb < 0,1 %, Zn le reste.
  14. Alliage de laiton selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que les pourcentages en poids suivants sont réalisés : Cu 54 à 58 %, Zn 41 à 45 %, Ni 0,2 à 0,3 %, Fe 0,2 à 0,3 %, Si, 0,03 à 0,06 %, Mn 0,03 à 0,08 %, Ca 0,3 à 0,5 %, Mg 0,6 à 0,9 %, Sb <0,1 %, Cd < 0,1 %, Se < 0,1 %, la somme de Pb et d'In <0,1 %, autres composants < 0,2 %.
EP16736855.4A 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Alliage de laiton Active EP3320122B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20201316A RS61025B1 (sr) 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Legura mesinga

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015212937.3A DE102015212937A1 (de) 2015-07-10 2015-07-10 Messinglegierung
PCT/EP2016/066143 WO2017009176A1 (fr) 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Alliage de laiton

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3320122A1 EP3320122A1 (fr) 2018-05-16
EP3320122B1 true EP3320122B1 (fr) 2020-08-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16736855.4A Active EP3320122B1 (fr) 2015-07-10 2016-07-07 Alliage de laiton

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3320122B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015212937A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2828578T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3320122T (fr)
RS (1) RS61025B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017009176A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021103686A1 (de) 2021-02-17 2022-08-18 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. Kg Messinglegierung
EP4124667A1 (fr) 2021-07-27 2023-02-01 Diehl Brass Solutions Stiftung & Co. KG Alliage de laiton sans plomb et antimoine

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202018104958U1 (de) 2018-08-30 2018-09-12 Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg Steckverbinder mit Komponenten aus verbessertem Material
EP3971312A1 (fr) 2020-09-17 2022-03-23 Société BIC Alliage de laiton pour pointes d'instrument d'écriture
DE102020128955A1 (de) 2020-11-03 2022-05-05 Aurubis Stolberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Messinglegierung
DE102021102120A1 (de) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 HME Brass Germany GmbH Messinglegierung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbzeugs aus dieser Messinglegierung
CN113981269B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-10-04 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 一种黄铜合金及其制备方法

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JPH0368733A (ja) * 1989-08-08 1991-03-25 Nippon Mining Co Ltd ラジエータープレート用銅合金および銅合金材の製造法
JPH04120231A (ja) * 1990-09-10 1992-04-21 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd ＩｎとＳｂとＰが添加された耐腐食性に優れる黄銅
JPH04120229A (ja) * 1990-09-10 1992-04-21 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd Ｉｎが添加された耐腐食性に優れる黄銅
JPH04120230A (ja) * 1990-09-10 1992-04-21 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd ＩｎとＳｂが添加された耐腐食性に優れる黄銅
JPH04236735A (ja) * 1991-01-14 1992-08-25 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd Ｉｎ、Ｍｇ及びＰが添加された耐腐食性に優れる黄銅
US5137685B1 (en) * 1991-03-01 1995-09-26 Olin Corp Machinable copper alloys having reduced lead content
US5360591A (en) * 1993-05-17 1994-11-01 Kohler Co. Reduced lead bismuth yellow brass
DE102009038657A1 (de) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 Aurubis Stolberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Messinglegierung

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021103686A1 (de) 2021-02-17 2022-08-18 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. Kg Messinglegierung
WO2022175238A1 (fr) 2021-02-17 2022-08-25 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. Kg Alliage de laiton
EP4124667A1 (fr) 2021-07-27 2023-02-01 Diehl Brass Solutions Stiftung & Co. KG Alliage de laiton sans plomb et antimoine
DE102021119474A1 (de) 2021-07-27 2023-02-02 Diehl Brass Solutions Stiftung & Co. Kg Blei- und Antimonfreie Messinglegierung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT3320122T (pt) 2020-11-03
ES2828578T3 (es) 2021-05-26
DE102015212937A1 (de) 2017-01-12
EP3320122A1 (fr) 2018-05-16
WO2017009176A1 (fr) 2017-01-19
RS61025B1 (sr) 2020-12-31

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