EP3285266B1 - Câble à toronnage adapté - Google Patents

Câble à toronnage adapté Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3285266B1
EP3285266B1 EP17185254.4A EP17185254A EP3285266B1 EP 3285266 B1 EP3285266 B1 EP 3285266B1 EP 17185254 A EP17185254 A EP 17185254A EP 3285266 B1 EP3285266 B1 EP 3285266B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
groups
strands
conductor
strand
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EP17185254.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3285266A1 (fr
Inventor
Erwin Koeppendoerfer
Marta Krzyzak
Guenter Koenig
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Leoni Kabel GmbH
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Leoni Kabel GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
    • H01B5/10—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material
    • H01B5/102—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material stranded around a high tensile strength core
    • H01B5/104—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope stranded around a space, insulating material, or dissimilar conducting material stranded around a high tensile strength core composed of metallic wires, e.g. steel wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/02—Stranding-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/006—Constructional features relating to the conductors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cable having a plurality of conductors, for example stranded wires.
  • a cable is generally referred to as a single-core or multi-core group of cores (individual lines) sheathed with insulating material, which is used to transmit energy or information.
  • insulating material which is used to transmit energy or information.
  • Different plastics are usually used as insulating materials, which surround the wires used as conductors and insulate them from one another.
  • Electrical conductors are usually made of copper, more rarely of aluminum or suitable metal alloys.
  • the cable follows a mostly cylindrical or similar geometry and can contain additional layers of insulating material or metallic foils or braids for the purpose of electromagnetic shielding or as mechanical protection in the overall structure.
  • a strand is an electrical conductor made up of thin individual wires. Strands are often easy to bend. In electrical cables, copper is often used as a conductor for this purpose.
  • the individual wires of the strand e.g. several hundred individual wires
  • a conductor formed in this way is commonly referred to as a stranded wire or stranded conductor. If several such lines are combined in one cable, they are often referred to as the cores of the cable.
  • high-frequency strands also high-frequency strands
  • the individual conductor surfaces of which are isolated from the other stranded wires have a higher quality in the high frequency range.
  • This is based on the enlargement of the cross section effectively involved in the flow of current, which in the case of solid wire is restricted by the aforementioned skin effect and also by the so-called proximity effect.
  • the proximity effect is based on the current displacement between two closely spaced conductors.
  • an additional contact resistance can be found. This is why normal strands tend to be worse than solid conductors at high frequency (HF).
  • HF strands high-frequency strands
  • Varnish is often used for the insulation, i.e. the individual wires of a strand are insulated from each other by a layer of lacquer. This insulation is therefore also provided when the strands have the same potential.
  • the JP H07 73749 A concerns a cable with low impedance.
  • the cable has a first, a second, a third and a fourth layer.
  • the phases R, S, T are repeated in each layer.
  • the direction of lay of the respective layers points in the same direction.
  • the lay lengths of each layer of the first to fourth layers differ from one another and the lay length increases from the first to the fourth layer, that is, outwards.
  • the DE 20 2012 101 381 U1 discloses a cable for power transmission, which is designed as a shielded sheathed cable, consisting of several insulated wire pairs, which are each formed by a forward and a return line and are arranged twisted with one another and wherein the insulated wire pairs are twisted together in a second twist.
  • a cable according to claim 1 which comprises a plurality of conductors.
  • the leaders of the plurality of leaders form several leader groups.
  • two or more of the plurality of conductors are stranded with one another.
  • the several groups of conductors are all stranded around a common stranding center.
  • the conductors of at least two of the plurality of conductor groups are stranded with one another with a different lay length.
  • the conductors can also be referred to as electrical conductors.
  • the multiplicity of conductors is designed as a multiplicity of strands.
  • the plurality of conductors includes multiple strands.
  • a combination of stranded wire and solid conductors is also conceivable.
  • groups of conductors each having two or more conductors, ie groups of strands each having two or more strands are formed, so to speak.
  • the conductors, ie strands, of a group of conductors, ie group of strands are stranded with one another.
  • the lay length of the stranding differs in at least two conductor groups, ie strand groups.
  • the conductor groups, ie strand groups are completely stranded around the common stranding center.
  • Stranding (also often referred to as twisting) is understood to mean twisting against each other and the helical / helical winding of fibers or wires around each other.
  • twisting also often referred to as twisting
  • the individual conductors of a circuit swap their place with one another.
  • individual wires or wire bundles are twisted against each other. They are wound helically around a stranding axis / around a stranding center.
  • Stranding / twisting reduces the mutual influence of electrical conductors.
  • Stranding / twisting is an effective measure to reduce inductively coupled push-pull interference.
  • stranding is used to reduce crosstalk coupling.
  • the essential dimension in stranding is the lay length, which is often referred to as the twist length or twist pitch.
  • the lay length is the pitch of the wire or wire bundle that is helically wound around the stranding axis.
  • the stranding makes the individual cores longer than the cable itself.
  • the stranding factor indicates the ratio of the individual core length to the cable length. In relation to the cable described, this means that the stranding factor is the ratio of the actual or mechanical length of a group of conductors, i.e. Strand group for which the cable length is specified.
  • the leaders of a leader group i.e. the strands of a group of strands are usually of the same length. In this case the stranding factor also gives the ratio of the length of the conductors of a group of conductors, i.e. of the strands of a strand group, to the cable length.
  • the conductors, ie the strands, of the two or more have different lay lengths distinguishing conductor groups, ie strand groups, have a different length in terms of their mechanical length.
  • the mechanical length is understood here to mean the actual length of the corresponding elements in their own longitudinal direction.
  • the mechanical length can therefore be understood to mean the length of the corresponding elements in an unswisted / unwound state.
  • the electrical resistance of a wire is proportional to its mechanical / actual length.
  • the length of the conductors, ie strands, as well as the groups of conductors, ie groups of strands can be changed and adapted by changing the lay length.
  • the at least two of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups can be designed by using a certain lay length in such a way that they have the same stranding factor, ie the same length in relation to the cable length.
  • all of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups can be designed in such a way, for example by choosing suitable lay lengths, that they have the same stranding factor.
  • the at least two of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups can be arranged at different positions in the cable in the radial direction of the cable. Due to the total stranding around the common stranding center of the several conductor groups, ie strand groups, conductor groups, ie strand groups which are arranged further out in the radial direction of the cable, have a greater length than conductor groups, ie strand groups which are arranged further inside in the radial direction of the cable.
  • strand groups result in different transit times and thus with the same propagation speed of the signals, for example currents, carried in the conductor groups, i.e. strand groups a delayed reception at the end of the line. As described, this can lead to short circuits and thus to increased energy consumption, increased warming and / or increased EMC radiation.
  • the at least two of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups that are arranged in the radial direction of the cable at a different position in the cable are designed in such a way that they have a different lay length, the difference in length resulting from the overall stranding and thus (with the same material ) the different electrical resistance can be compensated for by the different lay lengths used in the corresponding conductor groups, ie strand groups.
  • the lay length of the at least two of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups is adapted in the radial direction according to their position in the cable.
  • the lay length of all of the multiple conductor groups, ie strand groups can be adapted in the radial direction according to their position in the cable. It is conceivable, for example, that a first of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups, is arranged further outward in the radial direction of the cable than a second of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups.
  • the group of conductors further out in the radial direction of the cable, ie group of strands has a greater length due to the total stranding than the group of conductors further inward in the radial direction of the cable, ie group of strands (the second group of conductors). Accordingly, the lay length of the first of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups, can be selected to be greater than the lay length of the second of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups.
  • the lay lengths of the first and the second of the plurality of conductor groups, ie strand groups are selected in such a way that the conductor groups, ie strand groups, have at least almost the same length in the cable. Both conductor groups, ie strand groups, then achieve at least almost the same stranding factor.
  • the lay lengths of all conductor groups, ie strand groups can be selected such that the conductor groups, ie strand groups, have at least almost the same length in the cable. All conductor groups, ie strand groups, then achieve at least almost the same stranding factor.
  • leader groups i.e. Groups of strands, for example, as pairs of conductors, i.e. Pairs of strands, formed.
  • the conductor pairs i.e. Pairs of strands are each two of the plurality of conductors, i. two of the multitude of strands, stranded together.
  • the leader groups i. of the strand groups, it can alternatively also be a three or four strand arrangement, in which three or four of the plurality of conductors, i.e. the multitude of strands stranded together.
  • Conductor pairs (i.e. stranded pairs), triple and quadruple stranding can be combined with one another in the cable.
  • the at least two of the plurality of leader groups i. Groups of strands can each have a conductor, i. one strand each, as an outward conductor and one conductor, i.e. a strand as a return conductor.
  • a conductor i. one strand each
  • one conductor i.e. one strand each
  • one conductor i.e. a strand as a return conductor.
  • the twist is usually the pitch or pitch of the helix that generally results when the conductors, ie the strands or wires, are stranded.
  • the twist is also known as the flapping angle.
  • the lay angle ⁇ is, so to speak, the angle at which the wire axis intersects the conductor axis, ie the strand axis, in elevation.
  • a larger / smaller flapping angle does not necessarily lead to a larger / smaller one Lay length. For example, despite the larger lay angle, the lay length remains unchanged if the thickness of the cable is increased.
  • the cable can be designed as a power cable.
  • the cable can be used to carry currents of at least 10A, for example between 40A and 100A, e.g. 70A, at an alternating current frequency between 8 kHz and 200 kHz, for example 85 kHz.
  • the cable described below can be designed as a power cable.
  • the cable can be used to conduct currents from 10A, for example between 40A and 100A, for example 70A, at an alternating current frequency between 8 kHz and 200 kHz, for example 85 kHz.
  • the cable can be used for various applications. This means that different areas of application for the cable are conceivable. These areas of application can be all areas of application in which high currents and / or high frequencies (e.g. high frequency range) are used. It is conceivable, without being limited thereto, that the cable can be used in connection with a device for inductive charging of vehicles, e.g. pure electric vehicles.
  • a charging station e.g. a wall charging station is / is connected to a charging arrangement, such as a charging plate, via a cable / charging cable.
  • the loading arrangement e.g. the loading plate, can be arranged on the floor and comprise one or more coils.
  • the wall charging station is therefore not connected directly to the vehicle, but to the charging arrangement.
  • the vehicle can then be inductively charged in a known manner by placing / moving it on the charging arrangement.
  • the cable described herein can, without being restricted thereto, be, for example, said cable / charging cable for connecting a wall charging station to the charging arrangement.
  • the charging cable can have a length of 1 m or more, e.g. of several meters.
  • the cable can be a cable for supplying a sputtering unit with alternating current of high frequencies.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a cable 2 with seven segments 4, 6a to 6f which are isolated from one another and are generally referred to as elements in the following.
  • the seven elements 4, 6a to 6f, which are isolated from one another, are completely stranded around a common stranding center 1.
  • This stranding center 1 is as exemplified in FIG Figure 1 shown around the central axis / longitudinal axis of the cable 2.
  • the inner element 4 (inside in the sense of the position in the radial direction of the cable 2) lies symmetrically around the longitudinal axis of the cable 2 and thus around the stranding center 1.
  • the outer elements 6a to 6f (outside in the sense of the position in the radial direction of the cable 2) stranded around the stranding center 1 and thus around the inner element 4. Since the outer elements 6a to 6f (outer elements 6a to 6f) describe a helix / screw shape, they lay in In the longitudinal direction of the cable 2 a greater distance back, ie its mechanical length is greater than that of the inner element 4 (inner element 4). An alternating signal, such as an alternating current / alternating current signal, therefore reaches the end of the cable 2 more quickly via the inner element 4 than via the outer elements 6a to 6f.
  • the speed of propagation of an alternating signal is 60% of the speed of light, for example. With a 10 m long route the signal arrives at the end of the inner element 4 after 55.55 nsec. If the stranding input is assumed to be 2%, the signal is pending at the end of an external element 6a to 6f Figure 1 but is only available after 56.7nsec. In the 1.2nsec there is therefore a potential difference between elements of the same cable 2, which converts energy in the cable.
  • the mechanical length of the outer elements 6a to 6f is artificially shortened and / or that the mechanical length of the inner element 4 is artificially lengthened.
  • the mechanical length is understood here to mean the actual length of the corresponding elements in their own longitudinal direction.
  • the mechanical length can therefore be understood to mean the length of the corresponding elements in an unswisted / unwound state.
  • the mechanical length of the inner element 4 should at least almost, ideally exactly, correspond to the mechanical length of the outer elements 6a to 6h. Due to the at least almost identical mechanical length, an alternating signal reaches the end of the cable at the same time. Runtime differences are compensated / prevented. Short circuits are therefore reduced or avoided entirely.
  • the elements mentioned can be stranded / stranded conductors and / or solid conductors as conductors.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a cable 2 according to an embodiment.
  • the inner element 4 comprises inner wires 4a to 4d.
  • the external elements are formed, for example, by eleven external cores 6a to 6k.
  • each inner wire 4a to 4d is designed as a pair of strands (as an example of a conductor pair) and is accordingly referred to below as an inner pair of strands 4a to 4d.
  • each inner core 4a to 4d can be designed as a solid conductor pair.
  • each outer wire 6a to 6k is designed, for example, as a pair of strands (as an example of a conductor pair) and is accordingly referred to below as an outer pair of strands 6a to 6k.
  • each external wire 4a to 4d can be designed as a solid conductor pair.
  • the pair of strands 4a to 4d and 6a to 6k shown include, for example, two strands 8a, 8b, as shown in relation to the pair of strands 6k in FIG Figure 2 is illustrated.
  • the strands 8a, 8b can be, for example, a forward conductor and a return conductor.
  • each outer strand pair 6a to 6k covers a longer distance than each of the inner strand pairs 4a to 4d (and thus each inner strand) .
  • the mechanical length of each strand pair 6a to 6k is greater than the mechanical length of each inner strand pair 4a to 4d.
  • the inner pairs of strands 4a to 4d lie at the same height in the radial direction of the cable 2. Therefore, the mechanical length of each inner strand pair 4a to 4d (and thus each inner strand) and consequently (with the same material) their electrical resistance is identical.
  • outer pairs of strands 6a to 6k lie at the same height in the radial direction of the cable 2. Therefore, the mechanical length of each outer strand pair 6a to 6k (and thus each outer strand) and consequently (with the same material) their electrical resistance is identical.
  • each strand pair 4a to 4d, 6a to 6k depends on its position in the radial direction of the cable 2.
  • the mechanical length of the inner strand pairs 4a to 4d and thus the inner strand is shorter than the mechanical length of the outer strand pairs 6a to 6k and thus the outer strands.
  • alternating signals reach the end of the cable 2 via the inner strand pairs 4a to 4d more quickly than via the outer strand pairs 6a to 6k. Thereby As explained, this can lead to short circuits and thus to increased energy consumption, increased self-heating and / or increased EMC radiation.
  • the strands to form the outer pairs of strands 6a to 6k are stranded with a different lay length than the strands to form the inner pairs of strands 4a to 4d.
  • the lay length I is the pitch of the wires laid helically around the stranding axis. That is, the lay length I of a conductor, e.g. a stranded wire or a solid conductor, is the pitch of an outer wire measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conductor, e.g.
  • lay length describes the length of the distance that a single wire in the conductor, e.g. the stranded wire or the solid conductor, needs for a 360 ° rotation.
  • a lay length of 70 means that after 70 cm the wires have made a helical stranding of 360 degrees around the stranding axis.
  • Figure 3b shows very schematically one of the outer pairs of strands 6a to 6k, hereinafter referred to as the first pair of strands 6a, and one of the inner pairs of strands 4a to 4d, which is hereinafter referred to as the second pair of strands 4a.
  • the strands are stranded to form the first (outer) strand pair 6a with a lay length I_lang which is greater than the lay length I_kurz of the stranding of the strands to form the second (inner) strand pair 4a.
  • lay lengths I_ang, I_short can in particular be selected such that the mechanical length of the inner strand pairs 4a to 4d at least almost corresponds to the mechanical length of the outer strand pairs 6a to 6k.
  • the lay lengths can be chosen so that the actual lengths of the strands of the cable 2 and thus their stranding factors despite the total stranding around the stranding center 1 and different positions in the radial direction of the cable 2 at least almost correspond to one another.
  • the actual lengths of the conductors, for example strands or solid conductors, of the cable 2 are matched. This leads to a significant reduction in the runtime difference of alternating signals described above, if not a complete avoidance.
  • Inner layers of a cable 2 are formed, for example, by a twisted-pair layer whose twisting factor (twisting factor) is the same as the twisting factor of the outer layer. This avoids differences in runtime. The same applies to split up and back ladders as in relation to Figure 3b sketched, which were stranded to a pair of strands, a wire or a cable. Here, too, the differences in runtime can be compensated for.

Landscapes

  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Câble (2) présentant une pluralité de torons (8a, 8b), les torons (8a, 8b) formant plusieurs groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) dans lesquels deux ou plusieurs torons parmi la pluralité de torons sont respectivement toronnés l'un avec l'autre ou les uns avec les autres, la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant toronnée autour d'un centre de toronnage (1) commun et les torons (8a, 8b) d'au moins deux groupes de torons parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant toronnés les uns avec les autres avec une longueur de pas différente (I_kurz, I_lang),
    la longueur de pas (I_kurz, I_lang) desdits au moins deux groupes de torons parmi les groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant adaptée dans la direction radiale conformément à leur position dans le câble (2).
  2. Câble (2) selon la revendication 1, lesdits au moins deux groupes de torons parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant conçus de telle sorte qu'ils présentent le même facteur de toronnage.
  3. Câble (2) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, tous les groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant conçus de telle sorte qu'ils présentent le même facteur de toronnage.
  4. Câble (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, lesdits au moins deux groupes de torons parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant disposés à une position différente dans le câble, dans la direction radiale du câble (2).
  5. Câble (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, un premier groupe de torons (6a) parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant disposé plus loin vers l'extérieur dans la direction radiale du câble (2) qu'un deuxième groupe de torons (4a) parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons et la longueur de pas (I_lang) du premier groupe de torons (6a) parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant supérieure à la longueur de pas (I_kurz) du deuxième groupe de torons (4a) parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k).
  6. Câble (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, lesdits au moins deux groupes de torons parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) étant conçus comme des paires de torons dans lesquels deux torons parmi la pluralité de torons (8a, 8b) sont toronnés l'un avec l'autre.
  7. Câble (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, lesdits au moins deux groupes de torons parmi la pluralité de groupes de torons (4a à 4d, 6a à 6k) présentant respectivement un toron (8a) comme conducteur d'amenée et un toron (8b) comme conducteur de retour.
  8. Câble (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, le câble (2) étant conçu comme un câble à courant fort.
  9. Câble (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, le câble (2) étant conçu pour assurer la conduction de courants d'au moins 10A à une fréquence de courant alternatif comprise entre 8kHz et 200 kHz.
EP17185254.4A 2016-08-16 2017-08-08 Câble à toronnage adapté Active EP3285266B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016215252.1A DE102016215252A1 (de) 2016-08-16 2016-08-16 Kabel mit angepasster Verseilung

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3285266A1 EP3285266A1 (fr) 2018-02-21
EP3285266B1 true EP3285266B1 (fr) 2020-09-30

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DE102017121924B3 (de) * 2017-09-21 2019-02-21 Tdk Electronics Ag Elektrisches Bauelement mit Anschlussbereich und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Anschlussbereichs
DE102017121908B4 (de) 2017-09-21 2023-12-07 Tdk Electronics Ag Elektrisches Bauelement mit Litzenkontakt und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Litzenkontakts
US11640861B2 (en) * 2021-05-10 2023-05-02 Te Connectivity Solutions Gmbh Power cable which reduces skin effect and proximity effect
FR3130090B1 (fr) * 2021-12-07 2023-11-24 Electricite De France dispositif et un système de transfert d’énergie électrique

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US10297362B2 (en) 2019-05-21
US20180053582A1 (en) 2018-02-22
EP3285266A1 (fr) 2018-02-21
DE102016215252A1 (de) 2018-02-22

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