EP3284880B1 - Protection device for cultural goods - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a transparent housing for the protection of cultural goods. Controlled ventilation prevents the setting of a climate within the housing that is disadvantageous for the respective cultural property. The invention is also directed to methods for protecting cultural goods from adverse weather influences.

Winter protective covers made of wood have a centuries-old tradition, the effect of which was generally recognized. In fact, the protection of cultural objects exposed to the outside, e.g. Sculptures, fountains, wall reliefs, tombs, etc. against the weather, especially in winter, have so far mostly been made with wooden enclosures. However, these wooden enclosures have various disadvantages. Under certain circumstances, this creates a damaging indoor climate, since moisture can be introduced through uncontrolled ventilation and diffusion and then condense on the object. This condensed moisture can then damage the object.

In addition, the wooden enclosures can also be damaged by the winter climate. This results in the need for regular repairs or a regular exchange of the constructions. In addition, the wooden enclosures are heavy and bulky and voluminous even when disassembled are. Overall, this results in high logistics, storage and cost expenses.

After all, wooden enclosures are not transparent. The protected cultural assets are therefore not visible to the viewer. This is an aesthetic disadvantage and also a potential economic disadvantage in terms of tourism.

In fact, there has been a decline in the use of wooden enclosures since the 1970s. The reasons for this are, on the one hand, the financial and logistical effort and, on the other hand, are connected with the effort to keep the objects visible all year round.

Although the use of wooden enclosures is still generally accepted practice, their positive influence on the enclosed property is generally not scientifically proven. In certain circumstances, due to the presence of moisture, diffusion and condensation can even create a damaging climate within the housing. In addition, recent research has found that the objects are usually housed in autumn with high material moisture and that this moisture hardly decreases in common types of housing over the housing period. This means that damage-based damage mechanisms can also act in a protected state.

• " Winterzelt", Weikersheim und Clemenswerth, 1997-2003
• " Einhausung der Brückenfiguren Unter den Linden", Berlin, 2006-2010
• " Winterschutzeinhausungen", IDK Leipzig, 2012 - voraussichtlich 2016

In the past few decades, the effects of existing protective structures and the newly developed protective structures on different objects have been investigated as part of several independent research projects. The following projects funded by the German Federal Environmental Foundation are particularly worth mentioning:

• " Winter tent ", Weikersheim and Clemenswerth, 1997-2003
• " Enclosure of the bridge figures Unter den Linden ", Berlin, 2006-2010
• " Winter protection enclosures ", IDK Leipzig, 2012 - probably 2016

The above-mentioned work identifies the cause of damage as the entry of moisture through weather and condensation in connection with large and numerous amplitudes at temperature, in particular the resulting freeze-thaw change, and chemical solution processes due to environmental pollutants.

The main damaging mechanisms for cultural objects exposed to the outside are thermal and hygrothermal softening, frost-thaw changes, the chemical solution due to polluted air and organism infestation. Except for thermal softening, the damage mechanisms mentioned are based on the presence of air humidity and material moisture.

From the WO 2014/089890 A1 It is known to protect ground monuments after the excavation from the effects of atmospheric oxygen, solar radiation and precipitation with a sealed tent, which contains a protective atmosphere made of argon.

The DE 195 06 200 A1 describes a method for controlling pests in objects made of wood, textiles, leather, canvases etc., as well as in stored goods or foods, which are introduced in a mobile fumigation room, for example a shell or a tent with a pneumatic supporting frame. The fumigation space is then sealed largely gas-tight and then filled with a treatment gas, for example an inert gas and / or a toxic gas.

There is therefore a need for a protective housing which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular, at the same time, not only protecting the enclosed object from the direct weather influences, but also from damage caused by the ingress of moisture, and furthermore making the object visible, stable and long-lasting is and yet is light and material-saving is easy to assemble and disassemble, and is space-saving to store.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a cultural property protection device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 10. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The present invention is accordingly directed to a housing for the protection of objects exposed to the outside, with a floor sleeve which is set up to surround the object to be protected all around on the floor and to keep soil moisture out. Furthermore, the device contains a sleeve made of membrane material, which surrounds the object to be protected from above and from all sides and which is reversibly attached to the base sleeve. In some embodiments of the invention, the sleeve closes off with the bottom sleeve in such a way that no precipitation can penetrate. The envelope made of membrane material is at least partially transparent or translucent. The device has at least one first ventilation opening for the supply air and at least one second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.

In some embodiments of the invention, the first ventilation opening is located in the vertical direction below the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.

The device according to this first embodiment is intended as an enclosure to protect cultural assets from To serve weather influences. A shell made of transparent membrane material surrounds the object and creates a separation between the outside and inside climate. The property is protected from precipitation. A tight floor sleeve keeps soil moisture out. The transparent housing is provided with first and second ventilation openings, which aim to ensure a building-physical indoor climate optimized for the object to be protected by reducing the air and material moisture as much as possible. This can reduce the effect of the damage mechanisms. The membrane material is stable and durable, yet light and material-saving, easy to assemble and disassemble and can be stored in a space-saving manner. It can also be transparent, thus giving a clear view of the object to be protected.

In phases with solar radiation on the device according to the invention, the interior climate heats up. This effect is known as the "greenhouse effect". Due to the thermal buoyancy, ventilation by means of free convection occurs. Outside air with low absolute humidity flows through the first ventilation openings in the lower and upper area past the object, is heated and transports moisture away from the object.

The device according to the invention thus enables the object to be protected to dry and prevents or reduces the moisture-based processes which could lead to damage to the object.

This controlled ventilation takes place in direct sunlight, which naturally varies with the weather and the position of the sun. At night, when the sun is low (depending on the time of year and day), especially when shaded by surrounding buildings, and when the sky is cloudy, especially when there is heavy rainfall, this controlled ventilation will cease.

This automatically reduces the air exchange as soon as the indoor climate does not have any higher temperatures. Thus, the outside climate inside the housing is established, but the phases of sufficient solar radiation (good weather periods, sufficiently high sun position, e.g. around lunchtime) can be used specifically to dry the object to be protected. Thus, even if condensation on the object to be protected cannot be completely avoided, in contrast to the wooden housings of the prior art, the phases with sufficient solar radiation can be used for drying.

The bottom sleeve can consist of an elastic material or contain such a sealing element. In addition, the floor sleeve can contain a plastic, metal, wood or other rigid material. The bottom sleeve can be constructed from removable individual elements. For example, a construction made of steel parts comes into question, which has a seal to the floor to prevent soil moisture from penetrating into the device after precipitation.

The membrane material shell is selected depending on the shape and size of the object to be protected. In some embodiments of the invention, the material thickness can be about 100 microns to about 350 microns. In some embodiments of the invention, the material thickness can be about 3 mm to about 10 mm.

In some embodiments of the invention, the membrane material can contain or consist of polycarbonate and / or polyethylene and / or glass and / or acrylic.

The membrane material cover is reversibly attached to the bottom sleeve and closes with the bottom sleeve so that no precipitation can penetrate. Suitable reversible fastening systems are known to the person skilled in the art, eg from the field of tent construction. For example, mooring by means of a rope and suitable eyelets on the base sleeve and on the membrane material envelope can be considered. The penetration of precipitation can be achieved, for example, by flush sealing of the membrane material covering on the base sleeve with a circumferential inclination of the corresponding surface of the base sleeve. Alternatively, the membrane material envelope can also extend downward beyond the outer surface of the base collar.

In some embodiments, the device according to the invention has at least one first ventilation opening for the supply air and at least one second ventilation opening for the exhaust air, the first ventilation opening for the supply air being located in the vertical direction below the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air. The first ventilation opening for the supply air and the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air can be designed identically, which e.g. Size and geometry concerns, or turn out differently. It is crucial that an air flow can form under the influence of solar radiation, which penetrates into the device through the ventilation opening for the supply air and exits through the ventilation opening for the exhaust air. The assignment of the two ventilation openings only results from their relative vertical position to one another, since the air heated by the sun's rays rises upwards.

In some embodiments of the invention, the first ventilation opening for the supply air can be located in the base sleeve and / or in the envelope made of membrane material. In some embodiments of the invention, the first ventilation opening for the supply air can also consist of an opening between the base sleeve and the shell made of membrane material, through which air can penetrate but not precipitation. For example by a corresponding overlap of both components.

According to one embodiment of the device, the membrane material sleeve is clamped by a frame which rests on the base collar and is reversibly attached to the latter. As a result, the shell can have smaller wall thicknesses and lower weight without the strength of the housing being reduced. This facilitates the transport and construction of the housing and at the same time achieves the necessary resistance to snow and wind pressure.

In addition, the membrane material envelope can also be attached to the frame. As a result, the mechanical strength can be increased further.

In some embodiments of the invention, the frame can be constructed from removable individual elements. The frame can also be stored in a space-saving manner.

The frame spans the membrane material and thus prevents the latter from partially resting on the object to be protected, even with a low material thickness and correspondingly great flexibility. This ensures, irrespective of the shape of the object to be protected, that all parts of the object to be protected can be flowed around equally by the air stream without parts of the membrane material covering this preventing this in part.

The frame can consist of a metal or an alloy or of a plastic or of wood. For example, a construction made of steel parts is an option. In this way, a self-supporting frame can be obtained. The frame can also consist of an elastic material and fulfill the carrying function together with the attached cover as a surface structure. such Solutions are known for example from the field of tent construction.

According to a further embodiment of the device, the ventilation openings are designed in such a way that no precipitation can penetrate through them. This can e.g. through canopies, air scoops or other measures known per se.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, it has at least two ventilation flaps which can be opened and closed and which, when closed, seal the first and second ventilation openings in an airtight or approximately airtight manner.

The ventilation flaps can be closed if ventilation of the object to be protected is not desired, e.g. in the absence of sunlight on the device. This prevents condensation of water on the object in the event of an unfavorable ambient climate (humid outside than inside, object cool). In some embodiments of the invention, the ventilation flaps can be attached to the frame. In some embodiments of the invention, the ventilation flaps can be mechanically controllable.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the present invention, it additionally has a fan which is arranged in such a way that an air flow can be generated, which penetrates into the device through the first ventilation opening and exits through the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air. This embodiment makes it possible to carry out a controlled ventilation in that the fan in operation generates the air flow mentioned. This can support or increase free convection, which would also take place without the fan due to solar radiation. In other embodiments According to the invention, the fan can be set up to generate an air flow if the solar radiation is insufficient or no longer sufficient for the formation of free convection, but the outside climate is still suitable for drying the object to be protected. The fan thus enables more intensive ventilation as well as a longer usable ventilation time and thus an overall improved drying of the object to be protected.

The installation of the fan and its direction of rotation result from the purpose of the fan to be achieved. The fan can e.g. be positioned in the area of the first ventilation opening for the supply air or in the area of the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air and / or be fitted in one or both ventilation openings.

In the above-mentioned embodiment of the device according to the invention with a fan, there may optionally be a solar panel which is set up to drive the fan by means of electrical current.

This embodiment enables the operation of the fan depending on the solar radiation on the device. The electric current for driving the fan is generated when the sun shines through the solar panel with solar cells. This means that as soon as the sun does not shine, no electrical current is generated to operate the fan. Controlled ventilation by means of a fan only takes place under favorable, ie dry, climatic conditions. Essentially, the fan operates when free convection would also occur. Excessive air exchange in unfavorable climatic conditions is avoided and thus condensation of air humidity on the object to be protected. No external control or regulation is required for this, so that the outlay for maintaining and operating the device is minimized.

In some embodiments of the invention, this can additionally contain a warm air collector located outside the membrane material, which is set up to heat the supply air before it enters through the first ventilation opening. This embodiment enables drying with preheated air to be made even more effective. The air that has already been preheated by the solar radiation on the warm air collector can absorb more moisture and thus dry the object to be protected even more effectively.

In some embodiments, the device can have both a fan and a warm air collector and a solar panel. This embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, to limit the operation of the fan by means of locally generated electrical current to the duration of the solar radiation, and thus to avoid undesired air exchange, and on the other hand Preheat the air that is passed by the fan past the object to be protected.

It is also expedient if ventilation flaps are also included in the above-mentioned embodiments with a fan, as described above. The ventilation flaps can be closed when an air exchange is not desired, i.e. when the fan is not in operation and ventilation is not carried out by free convection.

In some embodiments of the invention, the device can additionally contain sensors for measuring the air temperature and / or the relative air humidity, which are located inside and outside the membrane material. These can be set up to control or regulate the opening and closing of the ventilation flaps and / or the operation of the fan depending on indoor and outdoor climate data. This embodiment makes it possible to exchange air in unfavorable climatic external conditions can be automatically prevented by closing the ventilation flaps when the measured values of the sensors inside and outside the membrane material are measured to measure the air temperature and relative humidity. In this embodiment, a data processing unit and an external power supply are required which enable the data processing unit to operate as well as the movement of the ventilation flaps.

• Einhausung eines Objektes mittels einer Vorrichtung mit zumindest einer Bodenmanschette, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, das zu schützende Objekt am Boden umlaufend zu umgeben und Bodenfeuchtigkeit abzuhalten, einer transparenten oder transluzenten Hülle aus Membranwerkstoff, welche das zu schützende Objekt von oben und von allen Seiten umgibt und welche an der Bodenmanschette reversibel befestigt ist, sowie mit zumindest einer ersten Lüftungsöffnung für die Zuluft und mindestens einer zweiten Lüftungsöffnung für die Abluft auf
• Belüftung des Objektes durch einen Luftstrom, der durch die erste Lüftungsöffnung für die Zuluft in die Vorrichtung eindringt und durch die zweite Lüftungsöffnung für die Abluft austritt.

The present invention is also directed to a method for protecting externally exposed objects against adverse weather influences, which method includes the following method steps:

• Enclosure of an object by means of a device with at least one base sleeve, which is set up to surround the object to be protected on the ground all round and to keep moisture away from the ground, a transparent or translucent membrane material envelope, which surrounds the object to be protected from above and from all sides, and which is reversibly attached to the base collar, and with at least one first ventilation opening for the supply air and at least one second ventilation opening for the exhaust air
• Ventilation of the object by an air flow that penetrates the device through the first ventilation opening for the supply air and exits through the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.

The advantageous effects of this method depending on the device used in each case result from the above detailed description of the device.

According to one embodiment of the method, the object can be ventilated by free convection caused by solar radiation. This does not require further regulation or control and no electrical auxiliary energy, so that the method can be carried out very easily.

According to one embodiment of the method, the ventilation of the object inside the housing can be checked by means of at least one ventilation flap, the ventilation flap being able to be opened and closed and, in the closed state, closing the first and / or second ventilation openings. In one embodiment of the method, two ventilation flaps can be provided, which are each assigned to the first and the second ventilation opening.

In one embodiment of the method, the ventilation flaps can be closed temporarily if the climatic conditions outside of the device given by air temperature and humidity are in comparison to the climatic conditions inside the device such that condensation of air humidity can occur on the object to be protected.

In some embodiments of the method, the object can be ventilated by an air stream which penetrates the device through the first ventilation opening for the supply air and exits through the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air and which is generated or amplified by a fan. This enables optimized drying or the optimal discharge of moisture.

In some embodiments of the method, the fan can be driven by electrical current, which is generated by means of a solar panel with solar cells. This enables the device to be operated in remote locations or without a mains connection, so that assembly and operation can be simplified.

In some embodiments of the method, the supply air can be heated by a warm air collector before entering through the first ventilation opening.

In some embodiments of the method, sensors located inside and outside the membrane material envelope can be used to measure the air temperature and the relative air humidity. The optional ventilation flaps and / or the fan and / or the warm air collector can be controlled or regulated with these measured values.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorichtung im Schnitt.

Figur 2

zeigt verschiedene Schutzeinhausungen, an welchen Vergleichsmessungen durchgeführt wurden.

Figuren 3 und 4

zeigen Messergebnisse, welche mit den Schutzeinhausungen nach Figur 2 erhalten wurden.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures. It shows

Figure 1

a device according to the invention in section.

Figure 2

shows various protective enclosures on which comparative measurements were carried out.

Figures 3 and 4

show measurement results, which with the protective enclosures Figure 2 were obtained.

Figure 1 represents basic aspects of the basic experimental setup of a device (1) according to the invention.

The device (1) contains a shell made of membrane material (3), which rests on a base collar (2) or on a base and rises above it with vertical walls (21) and with a slightly sloping roof (22) completes above. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the roof is designed as a pent roof, although other roof shapes can also be selected, for example a domed roof or a saddle roof or a free form.

The envelope made of membrane material (3) can have a material thickness which allows a self-supporting construction.

In other embodiments of the invention, a frame can be provided which gives additional stability and thus allows a lower material thickness of the membrane material. The shell made of membrane material (3) can be completely or partially translucent or transparent. In some embodiments of the invention, only individual walls or wall segments or wall parts of the shell (3) can be made transparent or translucent. In some embodiments, the sheath can contain a latent heat store, at least in partial areas, which reduces temperature fluctuations

The device (1) has at least one ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) in a vertical wall section in the area of the base collar (2) or the base, and a second ventilation opening in a vertical wall in the upper area of the device (1) (6) for the exhaust air (7). It follows from this that the ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) is located below the second ventilation opening (6) for the exhaust air (7) with respect to a vertical direction. In the embodiment shown here, the two ventilation openings are also located in two opposite wall sections of the transparent housing (3a) and the base sleeve (2) or the base.

The two arrows (5) and (7) symbolize the incoming and outgoing air directions regardless of the ventilation concept used, i.e. free convection or by means of at least one optional fan (10).

Inside the transparent housing (3a) there is a sculpture, a fountain or another cultural asset when the device is in operation. To demonstrate the mode of operation of the device, two test pieces made of sandstone are used here. The test body (101) with a mass of 85 kg (± 3 kg) serves as a hygrothermal load and represents the object to be protected. The test body (102) with a Mass of 10 kg (± 0.1 kg) was cleaned and watered before the start of the experiment. Among other things, the occurrence of vegetation is examined on this test body.

In order to demonstrate the mode of operation of the device, air temperature and relative air humidity are recorded by means of first sensors (13) in order to record the interior climate of the transparent housing (3a). The redundant recording by an environment-independent data logger (13a) serves as a backup for the data of the interior climate in the event of a sensor failure or a power failure. The temperature sensors (23) and 24) measure the surface temperature on the north and south sides of the test body (101). In order to record the outside climate in the immediate vicinity of the device (1), the air temperature and relative air humidity are recorded by means of second sensors (14) which are located outside the device (1). The recorded measurement data are collected and saved by a PC.

In order to demonstrate the mode of operation of the device, measured values from different housings are compared. In Figure 2 different protective enclosures are shown, all of which have the same orthogonal geometry. A conventional wooden housing ( Figure 2-1 ) and three transparent enclosures (( Figures 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 ), on which the comparison between opaque and transparent or translucent is carried out with different ventilation variants. It shows Figure 2-2 an embodiment with free convection, Figure 2-3 shows an embodiment with a fan (10) and with a hot air collector (12) and Figure 2-4 shows an embodiment only with fan (10).

In addition, a further device (1) according to the present invention was produced, which in Figure 2-5 is shown. This device (1) comprises a rectangular base collar (2) which holds the object (101, 102) to be protected. surrounds on the floor. The floor cuff keeps soil moisture out. The device (1) further comprises a cover made of transparent membrane material (3) which surrounds the object (101, 102) to be protected from above and from all sides and which is clamped by a frame (8) made of metal, for example steel, which rests on the bottom sleeve (2) and is reversibly attached to it. The membrane material (3) closes with the bottom sleeve (2) so that no precipitation can penetrate. The device (1) also comprises a fan (10) which is set up to generate an air flow which penetrates into the device (1) through the first ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) and through the second ventilation opening ( 6) for the exhaust air.

The ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) and the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air are all in the Figure 2 shown variants are the same and were already in connection with the Figure 1 explained. In the Figure 2-5 the ventilation openings are not shown explicitly. The content of the in Figure 2 The variants shown with regard to the object (101, 102) to be protected and the first and second sensors (13, 13a, 23, 24) have already been described in connection with Figure 1 shown and explained.

To the different drying potential of the different in Figure 2 protective enclosures shown are in the Figures 3 and 4 Excerpts from the measurement results are shown graphically. The measurement period covers the period from the beginning of December 2015 to the end of April 2016, with the figures showing a section from December 23, 2015 to December 30, 2015. The measurements were carried out in Holzkirchen near Munich. In each case, the data related to Figure 1 shown sensors raised. Figure 3 shows the relative humidity against time and Figure 4 shows the temperature versus time.

EH1

Freitragende Konstruktion mit Metallrahmen - Belüftung mittels Ventilator (10) gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wie in Figur 2-5 gezeigt

EH2

transparente Standardeinhausung - Belüftung mittels Ventilator (10) und Warmluftkollektor (12) wie in Figur 2-3 gezeigt

EH3

transparente Standardeinhausung - Belüftung mittels Ventilator (10) wie in Figur 2-4 gezeigt

EH4

transparente Standardeinhausung - Belüftung mittels freier Konvektion wie in Figur 2-2 gezeigt

EH5

Holzeinhausung - Belüftung mittels freier Konvektion wie in Figur 2-1 gezeigt

Mean:

EH1

Cantilever construction with metal frame - ventilation by means of a fan (10) according to the present invention as in Figure 2-5 shown

EH2

transparent standard housing - ventilation by fan (10) and hot air collector (12) as in Figure 2-3 shown

EH3

transparent standard housing - ventilation by fan (10) as in Figure 2-4 shown

EH4

transparent standard housing - ventilation by means of free convection as in Figure 2-2 shown

EH5

Wood housing - ventilation by means of free convection as in Figure 2-1 shown

The time course of global radiation is also shown.

The measurement results in the Figures 3 and 4 clearly show that there is a significantly greater drying potential in the transparent enclosures compared to the wooden enclosure, especially when the weather is good, ie solar radiation. This result can be recognized from the lower relative air humidity. The top values of the transparent housing with warm air collector on December 26, 2015 stand at 36 ° C / 18% RH compared to the wood housing with 16 ° / 75% RH. At the time, the outside air conditions were uniformly 14 ° C / 45% RH. The graphics also show that the wood housing generally follows the outside air conditions in terms of temperature and humidity conditions, and in some cases even more harmful conditions arise. It is therefore questionable whether one Wood housing, currently common practice, can achieve a protective effect at all.

However, as the transparent housings have shown, there is an improved drying potential for an object to be protected, regardless of the ventilation concept, i.e. free convection, fan or fan with a warm air collector and regardless of the structural design, i.e. solid standard housing or self-supporting construction with membrane on frame.

The device according to the present invention also has advantages in terms of weight and storage compared to the previously known solid housings.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. The above description is therefore not to be regarded as restrictive, but rather as illustrative. The following claims are to be understood to mean that a feature mentioned is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of other features. Insofar as the claims and the above description define "first" and "second" embodiments, this designation serves to distinguish between two similar embodiments without defining a ranking.

Claims (15)

1. Cultural object protection device (1) having at least one ground collar (2), which is designed to surround, on the ground in an encircling manner, the cultural object to be protected and to keep away ground moisture, and having a sleeve which is composed of diaphragm material (3) and which is designed to surround, from above and from all sides, the cultural object to be protected and which closes off with the ground collar (2) such that no precipitation can penetrate, wherein the sleeve composed of diaphragm material is transparent or translucent at least in a part surface, characterized in that
   the sleeve composed of diaphragm material (3) is reversibly fastenable to the ground collar (2), and the device (1) has at least one first vent opening (4) for the supply air (5) and at least one second vent opening (6) for the waste air (7).
2. Cultural object protection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first vent opening (4) for the supply air (5) is situated below the second vent opening (6) for the waste air (7) in a vertical direction, and/or
   in that the first and second vent openings (4, 6) are formed such that no precipitation can penetrate through them.
3. Cultural object protection device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve composed of diaphragm material (3) is tensioned by a frame (8) which bears on the ground collar (2) and which is reversibly fastened thereto, and/or
   in that the diaphragm material contains polycarbonate and/or polyethylene and/or glass and/or acrylic, or consists thereof.
4. Cultural object protection device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that this contains at least one vent flap (9), which can be opened and closed and which, in the closed state, closes off the first and/or second vent opening (4, 6) .
5. Cultural object protection device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the vent flaps (9) are mechanically controllable.
6. Cultural object protection device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, furthermore containing a fan (10) which is designed to generate an air stream which penetrates into the device (1) through the vent opening (4) for the supply air (5) and exits through the second vent opening for the waste air.
7. Cultural object protection device according to Claim 6, furthermore containing at least one solar panel with solar cells (11), which is situated outside the sleeve composed of diaphragm material (3) and is designed to drive the ventilator (10) by electric current.
8. Cultural object protection device according to Claims 1 to 7, furthermore containing at least one warm-air collector (12), which is situated outside the sleeve composed of diaphragm material (3) and is designed to warm the supply air (5) prior to the entry through the vent opening (4).
9. Cultural object protection device according to Claim 4 or 5, furthermore containing at least one sensor (13, 14), which is situated within and/or outside the sleeve composed of diaphragm material (3) and serves for measuring the air temperature and/or the relative air humidity, wherein the opening and closing of the at least one vent flap (9) is controllable or regulable in a manner dependent on interior and/or exterior climate data.
10. Method for protecting cultural objects against disadvantageous weather influences, comprising

    - encasing a cultural object (101, 102) by means of a cultural object protection device (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9,

    - exposing the cultural object (101, 102) to air by way of an air stream which penetrates into the device (1) through the first vent opening (4) for the supply air (5) and exits through the second vent opening (6) for the waste air (7).
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the exposure of the cultural object (101, 102) to air is realized by free convection caused by solar irradiation.
12. Method according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, by means of at least one vent flap (9), the exposure of the cultural object (101, 102) to air is controlled, wherein the vent flap can be opened and closed and, in the closed state, said vent flap closes off the first and/or second vent opening (4, 6) .
13. Method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the vent flaps (9) are temporarily closed if the climatic conditions, provided by air temperature and air humidity, outside the device (1), in comparison with the climatic conditions within the device (1), are such that condensation of air moisture on the cultural object (101, 102) to be protected can occur.
14. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the cultural object (101, 102) is exposed to air by way of an air stream which penetrates into the device (1) through the first vent opening (4) for the supply air (5) and exits through the second vent opening (6) for the waste air (7) and is generated or intensified by a fan (10), and in that the fan (10) is optionally driven by electrical current which is generated by means of a solar panel with solar cells (11).
15. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the supply air (5) is warmed by a warm-air collector (12) prior to the entry through the vent opening (4).

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