EP3284880B1 - Dispositif de protection pour biens culturels - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection pour biens culturels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3284880B1
EP3284880B1 EP17185155.3A EP17185155A EP3284880B1 EP 3284880 B1 EP3284880 B1 EP 3284880B1 EP 17185155 A EP17185155 A EP 17185155A EP 3284880 B1 EP3284880 B1 EP 3284880B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
cultural object
vent
vent opening
protection device
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EP17185155.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3284880A1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Heite
Johannes Ingrisch
Andreas Kaufmann
Florian HESS
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Priority to PL17185155T priority Critical patent/PL3284880T3/pl
Publication of EP3284880A1 publication Critical patent/EP3284880A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/02—Tents combined or specially associated with other devices
    • E04H15/10—Heating, lighting or ventilating
    • E04H15/14—Ventilating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transparent housing for the protection of cultural goods. Controlled ventilation prevents the setting of a climate within the housing that is disadvantageous for the respective cultural property.
  • the invention is also directed to methods for protecting cultural goods from adverse weather influences.
  • the wooden enclosures can also be damaged by the winter climate. This results in the need for regular repairs or a regular exchange of the constructions.
  • the wooden enclosures are heavy and bulky and voluminous even when disassembled are. Overall, this results in high logistics, storage and cost expenses.
  • the above-mentioned work identifies the cause of damage as the entry of moisture through weather and condensation in connection with large and numerous amplitudes at temperature, in particular the resulting freeze-thaw change, and chemical solution processes due to environmental pollutants.
  • the main damaging mechanisms for cultural objects exposed to the outside are thermal and hygrothermal softening, frost-thaw changes, the chemical solution due to polluted air and organism infestation. Except for thermal softening, the damage mechanisms mentioned are based on the presence of air humidity and material moisture.
  • the DE 195 06 200 A1 describes a method for controlling pests in objects made of wood, textiles, leather, canvases etc., as well as in stored goods or foods, which are introduced in a mobile fumigation room, for example a shell or a tent with a pneumatic supporting frame.
  • a mobile fumigation room for example a shell or a tent with a pneumatic supporting frame.
  • the fumigation space is then sealed largely gas-tight and then filled with a treatment gas, for example an inert gas and / or a toxic gas.
  • the present invention is accordingly directed to a housing for the protection of objects exposed to the outside, with a floor sleeve which is set up to surround the object to be protected all around on the floor and to keep soil moisture out.
  • the device contains a sleeve made of membrane material, which surrounds the object to be protected from above and from all sides and which is reversibly attached to the base sleeve.
  • the sleeve closes off with the bottom sleeve in such a way that no precipitation can penetrate.
  • the envelope made of membrane material is at least partially transparent or translucent.
  • the device has at least one first ventilation opening for the supply air and at least one second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.
  • the first ventilation opening is located in the vertical direction below the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.
  • the device according to this first embodiment is intended as an enclosure to protect cultural assets from To serve weather influences.
  • a shell made of transparent membrane material surrounds the object and creates a separation between the outside and inside climate. The property is protected from precipitation.
  • a tight floor sleeve keeps soil moisture out.
  • the transparent housing is provided with first and second ventilation openings, which aim to ensure a building-physical indoor climate optimized for the object to be protected by reducing the air and material moisture as much as possible. This can reduce the effect of the damage mechanisms.
  • the membrane material is stable and durable, yet light and material-saving, easy to assemble and disassemble and can be stored in a space-saving manner. It can also be transparent, thus giving a clear view of the object to be protected.
  • the device according to the invention thus enables the object to be protected to dry and prevents or reduces the moisture-based processes which could lead to damage to the object.
  • This controlled ventilation takes place in direct sunlight, which naturally varies with the weather and the position of the sun. At night, when the sun is low (depending on the time of year and day), especially when shaded by surrounding buildings, and when the sky is cloudy, especially when there is heavy rainfall, this controlled ventilation will cease.
  • the bottom sleeve can consist of an elastic material or contain such a sealing element.
  • the floor sleeve can contain a plastic, metal, wood or other rigid material.
  • the bottom sleeve can be constructed from removable individual elements. For example, a construction made of steel parts comes into question, which has a seal to the floor to prevent soil moisture from penetrating into the device after precipitation.
  • the membrane material shell is selected depending on the shape and size of the object to be protected.
  • the material thickness can be about 100 microns to about 350 microns. In some embodiments of the invention, the material thickness can be about 3 mm to about 10 mm.
  • the membrane material can contain or consist of polycarbonate and / or polyethylene and / or glass and / or acrylic.
  • the membrane material cover is reversibly attached to the bottom sleeve and closes with the bottom sleeve so that no precipitation can penetrate.
  • Suitable reversible fastening systems are known to the person skilled in the art, eg from the field of tent construction.
  • mooring by means of a rope and suitable eyelets on the base sleeve and on the membrane material envelope can be considered.
  • the penetration of precipitation can be achieved, for example, by flush sealing of the membrane material covering on the base sleeve with a circumferential inclination of the corresponding surface of the base sleeve.
  • the membrane material envelope can also extend downward beyond the outer surface of the base collar.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one first ventilation opening for the supply air and at least one second ventilation opening for the exhaust air, the first ventilation opening for the supply air being located in the vertical direction below the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.
  • the first ventilation opening for the supply air and the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air can be designed identically, which e.g. Size and geometry concerns, or turn out differently. It is crucial that an air flow can form under the influence of solar radiation, which penetrates into the device through the ventilation opening for the supply air and exits through the ventilation opening for the exhaust air.
  • the assignment of the two ventilation openings only results from their relative vertical position to one another, since the air heated by the sun's rays rises upwards.
  • the first ventilation opening for the supply air can be located in the base sleeve and / or in the envelope made of membrane material. In some embodiments of the invention, the first ventilation opening for the supply air can also consist of an opening between the base sleeve and the shell made of membrane material, through which air can penetrate but not precipitation. For example by a corresponding overlap of both components.
  • the membrane material sleeve is clamped by a frame which rests on the base collar and is reversibly attached to the latter.
  • the shell can have smaller wall thicknesses and lower weight without the strength of the housing being reduced. This facilitates the transport and construction of the housing and at the same time achieves the necessary resistance to snow and wind pressure.
  • the membrane material envelope can also be attached to the frame. As a result, the mechanical strength can be increased further.
  • the frame can be constructed from removable individual elements.
  • the frame can also be stored in a space-saving manner.
  • the frame spans the membrane material and thus prevents the latter from partially resting on the object to be protected, even with a low material thickness and correspondingly great flexibility. This ensures, irrespective of the shape of the object to be protected, that all parts of the object to be protected can be flowed around equally by the air stream without parts of the membrane material covering this preventing this in part.
  • the frame can consist of a metal or an alloy or of a plastic or of wood.
  • a construction made of steel parts is an option.
  • the frame can also consist of an elastic material and fulfill the carrying function together with the attached cover as a surface structure.
  • Such Solutions are known for example from the field of tent construction.
  • the ventilation openings are designed in such a way that no precipitation can penetrate through them. This can e.g. through canopies, air scoops or other measures known per se.
  • the device has at least two ventilation flaps which can be opened and closed and which, when closed, seal the first and second ventilation openings in an airtight or approximately airtight manner.
  • the ventilation flaps can be closed if ventilation of the object to be protected is not desired, e.g. in the absence of sunlight on the device. This prevents condensation of water on the object in the event of an unfavorable ambient climate (humid outside than inside, object cool).
  • the ventilation flaps can be attached to the frame.
  • the ventilation flaps can be mechanically controllable.
  • the device additionally has a fan which is arranged in such a way that an air flow can be generated, which penetrates into the device through the first ventilation opening and exits through the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.
  • a fan which is arranged in such a way that an air flow can be generated, which penetrates into the device through the first ventilation opening and exits through the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to carry out a controlled ventilation in that the fan in operation generates the air flow mentioned. This can support or increase free convection, which would also take place without the fan due to solar radiation.
  • the fan can be set up to generate an air flow if the solar radiation is insufficient or no longer sufficient for the formation of free convection, but the outside climate is still suitable for drying the object to be protected. The fan thus enables more intensive ventilation as well as a longer usable ventilation time and thus an overall improved drying of the object to be protected.
  • the installation of the fan and its direction of rotation result from the purpose of the fan to be achieved.
  • the fan can e.g. be positioned in the area of the first ventilation opening for the supply air or in the area of the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air and / or be fitted in one or both ventilation openings.
  • a solar panel which is set up to drive the fan by means of electrical current.
  • This embodiment enables the operation of the fan depending on the solar radiation on the device.
  • the electric current for driving the fan is generated when the sun shines through the solar panel with solar cells. This means that as soon as the sun does not shine, no electrical current is generated to operate the fan.
  • Controlled ventilation by means of a fan only takes place under favorable, ie dry, climatic conditions. Essentially, the fan operates when free convection would also occur. Excessive air exchange in unfavorable climatic conditions is avoided and thus condensation of air humidity on the object to be protected. No external control or regulation is required for this, so that the outlay for maintaining and operating the device is minimized.
  • this can additionally contain a warm air collector located outside the membrane material, which is set up to heat the supply air before it enters through the first ventilation opening.
  • a warm air collector located outside the membrane material, which is set up to heat the supply air before it enters through the first ventilation opening.
  • the device can have both a fan and a warm air collector and a solar panel. This embodiment makes it possible, on the one hand, to limit the operation of the fan by means of locally generated electrical current to the duration of the solar radiation, and thus to avoid undesired air exchange, and on the other hand Preheat the air that is passed by the fan past the object to be protected.
  • ventilation flaps are also included in the above-mentioned embodiments with a fan, as described above.
  • the ventilation flaps can be closed when an air exchange is not desired, i.e. when the fan is not in operation and ventilation is not carried out by free convection.
  • the device can additionally contain sensors for measuring the air temperature and / or the relative air humidity, which are located inside and outside the membrane material. These can be set up to control or regulate the opening and closing of the ventilation flaps and / or the operation of the fan depending on indoor and outdoor climate data.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to exchange air in unfavorable climatic external conditions can be automatically prevented by closing the ventilation flaps when the measured values of the sensors inside and outside the membrane material are measured to measure the air temperature and relative humidity.
  • a data processing unit and an external power supply are required which enable the data processing unit to operate as well as the movement of the ventilation flaps.
  • the object can be ventilated by free convection caused by solar radiation. This does not require further regulation or control and no electrical auxiliary energy, so that the method can be carried out very easily.
  • the ventilation of the object inside the housing can be checked by means of at least one ventilation flap, the ventilation flap being able to be opened and closed and, in the closed state, closing the first and / or second ventilation openings.
  • two ventilation flaps can be provided, which are each assigned to the first and the second ventilation opening.
  • the ventilation flaps can be closed temporarily if the climatic conditions outside of the device given by air temperature and humidity are in comparison to the climatic conditions inside the device such that condensation of air humidity can occur on the object to be protected.
  • the object can be ventilated by an air stream which penetrates the device through the first ventilation opening for the supply air and exits through the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air and which is generated or amplified by a fan. This enables optimized drying or the optimal discharge of moisture.
  • the fan can be driven by electrical current, which is generated by means of a solar panel with solar cells. This enables the device to be operated in remote locations or without a mains connection, so that assembly and operation can be simplified.
  • the supply air can be heated by a warm air collector before entering through the first ventilation opening.
  • sensors located inside and outside the membrane material envelope can be used to measure the air temperature and the relative air humidity.
  • the optional ventilation flaps and / or the fan and / or the warm air collector can be controlled or regulated with these measured values.
  • Figure 1 represents basic aspects of the basic experimental setup of a device (1) according to the invention.
  • the device (1) contains a shell made of membrane material (3), which rests on a base collar (2) or on a base and rises above it with vertical walls (21) and with a slightly sloping roof (22) completes above.
  • the roof is designed as a pent roof, although other roof shapes can also be selected, for example a domed roof or a saddle roof or a free form.
  • the envelope made of membrane material (3) can have a material thickness which allows a self-supporting construction.
  • a frame can be provided which gives additional stability and thus allows a lower material thickness of the membrane material.
  • the shell made of membrane material (3) can be completely or partially translucent or transparent. In some embodiments of the invention, only individual walls or wall segments or wall parts of the shell (3) can be made transparent or translucent.
  • the sheath can contain a latent heat store, at least in partial areas, which reduces temperature fluctuations
  • the device (1) has at least one ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) in a vertical wall section in the area of the base collar (2) or the base, and a second ventilation opening in a vertical wall in the upper area of the device (1) (6) for the exhaust air (7). It follows from this that the ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) is located below the second ventilation opening (6) for the exhaust air (7) with respect to a vertical direction. In the embodiment shown here, the two ventilation openings are also located in two opposite wall sections of the transparent housing (3a) and the base sleeve (2) or the base.
  • the two arrows (5) and (7) symbolize the incoming and outgoing air directions regardless of the ventilation concept used, i.e. free convection or by means of at least one optional fan (10).
  • test body (101) with a mass of 85 kg ( ⁇ 3 kg) serves as a hygrothermal load and represents the object to be protected.
  • the test body (102) with a Mass of 10 kg ( ⁇ 0.1 kg) was cleaned and watered before the start of the experiment. Among other things, the occurrence of vegetation is examined on this test body.
  • first sensors (13) in order to record the interior climate of the transparent housing (3a).
  • the redundant recording by an environment-independent data logger (13a) serves as a backup for the data of the interior climate in the event of a sensor failure or a power failure.
  • the temperature sensors (23) and 24) measure the surface temperature on the north and south sides of the test body (101).
  • second sensors (14) which are located outside the device (1). The recorded measurement data are collected and saved by a PC.
  • FIG 2 In order to demonstrate the mode of operation of the device, measured values from different housings are compared.
  • FIG 2 different protective enclosures are shown, all of which have the same orthogonal geometry.
  • a conventional wooden housing Figure 2-1
  • three transparent enclosures (( Figures 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 ), on which the comparison between opaque and transparent or translucent is carried out with different ventilation variants.
  • Figure 2-2 an embodiment with free convection
  • Figure 2-3 shows an embodiment with a fan (10) and with a hot air collector (12)
  • Figure 2-4 shows an embodiment only with fan (10).
  • FIG. 1 a further device (1) according to the present invention was produced, which in Figure 2-5 is shown.
  • This device (1) comprises a rectangular base collar (2) which holds the object (101, 102) to be protected. surrounds on the floor. The floor cuff keeps soil moisture out.
  • the device (1) further comprises a cover made of transparent membrane material (3) which surrounds the object (101, 102) to be protected from above and from all sides and which is clamped by a frame (8) made of metal, for example steel, which rests on the bottom sleeve (2) and is reversibly attached to it.
  • the membrane material (3) closes with the bottom sleeve (2) so that no precipitation can penetrate.
  • the device (1) also comprises a fan (10) which is set up to generate an air flow which penetrates into the device (1) through the first ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) and through the second ventilation opening ( 6) for the exhaust air.
  • the ventilation opening (4) for the supply air (5) and the second ventilation opening for the exhaust air are all in the Figure 2 shown variants are the same and were already in connection with the Figure 1 explained. In the Figure 2-5 the ventilation openings are not shown explicitly.
  • the content of the in Figure 2 The variants shown with regard to the object (101, 102) to be protected and the first and second sensors (13, 13a, 23, 24) have already been described in connection with Figure 1 shown and explained.
  • the measurement results in the Figures 3 and 4 clearly show that there is a significantly greater drying potential in the transparent enclosures compared to the wooden enclosure, especially when the weather is good, ie solar radiation. This result can be recognized from the lower relative air humidity.
  • the top values of the transparent housing with warm air collector on December 26, 2015 stand at 36 ° C / 18% RH compared to the wood housing with 16 ° / 75% RH. At the time, the outside air conditions were uniformly 14 ° C / 45% RH.
  • the graphics also show that the wood housing generally follows the outside air conditions in terms of temperature and humidity conditions, and in some cases even more harmful conditions arise. It is therefore questionable whether one Wood housing, currently common practice, can achieve a protective effect at all.
  • the device according to the present invention also has advantages in terms of weight and storage compared to the previously known solid housings.

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels (1), comportant au moins une manchette de sol (2) qui est conçue pour entourer circonférentiellement au sol les biens culturels à protéger et à tenir à l'écart l'humidité du sol, et comportant une gaine en matériau membrane (3) qui est conçue pour entourer les biens culturels à protéger par le haut et de tous les côtés et qui se termine avec la manchette de sol (2) de telle sorte qu'aucune précipitation ne puisse pénétrer, la gaine en matériau membrane étant transparente ou translucide au moins dans une surface partielle,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la gaine en matériau membrane (3) peut être fixée de manière réversible sur la manchette de sol (2), et le dispositif (1) présente au moins une première ouverture de ventilation (4) pour l'air frais (5) et au moins une seconde ouverture de ventilation (6) pour l'air vicié (7).
  2. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la première ouverture de ventilation (4) pour l'air frais (5) est située dans une direction verticale au-dessous de la seconde ouverture de ventilation (6) pour l'air vicié (7), et/ou
    les premières et les secondes ouvertures de ventilation (4, 6) sont conçues de manière à ce qu'aucune précipitation ne puisse y pénétrer.
  3. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la gaine en matériau membrane (3) est tendue par un cadre (8) qui repose sur la manchette de sol (2) et y est fixé de manière réversible, et/ou le matériau membrane contient du polycarbonate et/ou du polyéthylène et/ou du verre et/ou de l'acrylique, ou est constitué de ceux-ci.
  4. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    celui-ci comprend au moins un volet de ventilation (9) qui peut être ouvert et fermé et qui, dans l'état fermé, obture les premières et/ou les secondes ouvertures de ventilation (4, 6).
  5. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les volets de ventilation (9) peuvent être commandés par voie mécanique.
  6. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comportant en outre un ventilateur (10) qui est conçu pour générer un flux d'air qui pénètre dans le dispositif (1) par l'ouverture de ventilation (4) pour l'air frais (5) et qui sort à travers la seconde ouverture de ventilation pour l'air vicié.
  7. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon la revendication 6, comportant en outre au moins un panneau solaire situé à l'extérieur de la gaine en matériau membrane (3) et ayant des cellules solaires (11), qui est conçu pour entraîner le ventilateur (10) par un courant électrique.
  8. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon les revendications 1 à 7, comportant en outre au moins un collecteur d'air chaud (12) situé à l'extérieur de la gaine en matériau membrane (3), qui est conçu pour chauffer l'air frais (5) avant d'entrer à travers l'ouverture de ventilation (4).
  9. Dispositif de protection de biens culturels selon la revendication 4 ou 5, comportant en outre au moins un capteur (13, 14) situé à l'intérieur et/ou à l'extérieur de la gaine en matériau membrane (3) et destiné à mesurer la température de l'air et/ou l'humidité d'air relative, l'ouverture et la fermeture dudit au moins un volet de ventilation (9) pouvant être commandées ou régulées en fonction des données climatiques intérieures et/ou extérieures.
  10. Procédé de protection de biens culturels contre des intempéries, comprenant
    - une enceinte pour des biens culturels (102, 102) au moyen d'un dispositif de protection de biens culturels (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    - une ventilation pour les biens culturels (101, 102) par un flux d'air qui pénètre dans le dispositif (1) à travers la première ouverture de ventilation (4) pour l'air frais (5) et qui sort à travers la seconde ouverture de ventilation (6) pour l'air vicié (7).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la ventilation des biens culturels (101, 102) s'effectue par convection libre causée par le rayonnement solaire / ensoleillement.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la ventilation des biens culturels (101, 102) est contrôlée par au moins un volet de ventilation (9), le volet de ventilation pouvant être ouvert et fermé et celui-ci obturant, dans l'état fermé, les premières et/ou les secondes ouvertures de ventilation (4, 6).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les volets de ventilation (9) sont temporairement fermés lorsque les conditions climatiques déterminées par la température de l'air et par l'humidité d'air à l'extérieur du dispositif (1) sont telles par comparaison aux conditions climatiques à l'intérieur du dispositif (1) qu'une condensation d'humidité d'air peut apparaître au niveau des biens culturels à protéger (101, 102).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les biens culturels (101, 102) sont ventilés par un flux d'air qui pénètre dans le dispositif (1) à travers la première ouverture de ventilation (4) pour l'air frais (5) et qui sort à travers la seconde ouverture de ventilation (6) pour l'air vicié (7) et qui est généré ou amplifié par un ventilateur et en ce que le ventilateur (10) est alimenté optionnellement par un courant électrique qui est généré au moyen d'un panneau solaire ayant des cellules solaires (11).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'air frais (5) est chauffé par un collecteur d'air chaud (12) avant d'entrer à travers l'ouverture de ventilation (4).
EP17185155.3A 2016-08-16 2017-08-07 Dispositif de protection pour biens culturels Active EP3284880B1 (fr)

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PL17185155T PL3284880T3 (pl) 2016-08-16 2017-08-07 Urządzenie do ochrony obiektów kultury

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DE102016215254.8A DE102016215254A1 (de) 2016-08-16 2016-08-16 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Schutz von außenexponierten Objekten

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EP3284880B1 true EP3284880B1 (fr) 2020-01-15

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DE102020000421A1 (de) 2020-01-24 2021-07-29 Walter Sager Vorrichtung zum Schutz eines Objekts im Außenbereich

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WO2014089890A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Wang Zhenniu Solution technique novatrice pour mesures de sites d'excavation archéologiques du type par submersion gazeuse pour des vestiges culturels organiques

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