EP3261894B1 - Dispositif de refoulement pneumatique et installation de dosage ainsi qu'installation de sablage comprenant une pompe à jet de produit coulant - Google Patents

Dispositif de refoulement pneumatique et installation de dosage ainsi qu'installation de sablage comprenant une pompe à jet de produit coulant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3261894B1
EP3261894B1 EP16720315.7A EP16720315A EP3261894B1 EP 3261894 B1 EP3261894 B1 EP 3261894B1 EP 16720315 A EP16720315 A EP 16720315A EP 3261894 B1 EP3261894 B1 EP 3261894B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact surface
air
container
intake
metering system
Prior art date
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Active
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EP16720315.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3261894A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg KRISMANIC
Albert Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Knorr-Bremse GmbH
Knorr Bremse GmbH
Original Assignee
Knorr-Bremse GmbH
Knorr Bremse GmbH
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Priority to PL16720315T priority Critical patent/PL3261894T3/pl
Publication of EP3261894A1 publication Critical patent/EP3261894A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
    • B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
    • B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
    • B61C15/102—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials with sanding equipment of mechanical or fluid type, e.g. by means of steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
    • B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
    • B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/24—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatic conveyor device for coupling with a container for pourable material, which has a contact surface which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material.
  • the pneumatic conveying device comprises a jet pump with a mixing chamber, a pressurizable drive nozzle opening into the mixing chamber and with at least one suction channel leading away from the contact surface and opening into the mixing chamber.
  • the pneumatic conveying device comprises at least one supply air duct which leads away from the contact surface and can be pressurized or opens onto an outer surface of the pneumatic conveying device.
  • the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct form at least one intake opening and at least one supply air opening in the area of the contact surface.
  • the invention also relates to a metering system with a container for receiving pourable material and a pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned coupled to the named container, the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device facing into an interior space of the container.
  • the invention relates to an advantageous use of the pneumatic conveying device, in particular in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, as well as a use of the metering system likewise in a sanding system of a rail vehicle.
  • the invention relates to a sanding system or a spreader and a rail vehicle as such.
  • a pneumatic conveying device is used to transport and portion or dose free-flowing material, for example granules, sand or the like. They are used in industrial systems but also in sanding systems for rail vehicles, where they are used for metering brake sand. The sand scattered in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle increases its traction when braking and starting.
  • a pneumatic conveying device and a metering system of the type mentioned above, in particular in connection with a sanding system of a rail vehicle, are known in principle from the prior art.
  • the EP 2 100 788 B1 for this purpose a pneumatic conveying device which comprises a cylindrical or tower-shaped housing which is arranged in the bottom area of a sand container.
  • the housing comprises a plurality of radially distributed suction bores and a plurality of radially distributed air supply bores.
  • the housing protrudes from below into the sand container, so that the above-mentioned bores come to rest in the container.
  • the disadvantage of the above-mentioned conveying device is that, due to its design, there are "shadow areas" from which the brake sand is not conveyed away.
  • the container cannot therefore be completely emptied, as a result of which, in particular, fine-grained portions of the brake sand gradually settle in the floor area and clump there. As a result, more and more sand adheres to the rough surfaces of the clumps, which ultimately clogs the suction openings of the pneumatic conveying device.
  • Another disadvantage of the known conveying device is that the total height of the metering system is relatively large due to the assembly of the conveying device underneath the sand container, which leads to problems with the limited installation space of modern rail vehicles can.
  • a transport line to the wheels of the rail vehicle must generally be routed horizontally at least in sections, which requires the use of a 90 ° bend or bend.
  • the pamphlet EP 0 016 471 A1 discloses a metering device for a sanding system of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, with a sand storage container that can be largely sealed off from the outside.
  • a sanding pipe protrudes through the bottom of the container to under a bell in the container and ends directly in front of a vehicle wheel.
  • the bottom of the container is air-permeable.
  • a supply air line in connection with a supply air line is connected to the bottom of the container.
  • An exhaust air line, the open end of which lies in the upper part of the container, which is essentially kept free from the sand, is connected to the sand pipe at a distance from the bell.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a metering system of the type mentioned at the outset, which has the features of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved with a use of the dosing system of the type mentioned for sucking the pourable material from the container mentioned, the at least one suction channel and the at least one supply air channel being inclined by a maximum of 40 ° relative to the vertical in the area of the contact surface.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by using a metering system of the type mentioned in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, brake sand being provided as the pourable material.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a rail vehicle with such a sanding system.
  • the statement that the pneumatic conveyor device is "coupled" to the container means a direct connection of the pneumatic conveyor device to the container or an indirect connection, for example via an intermediate adapter.
  • the statement that the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device points "into an interior of the container” can therefore also mean that the contact surface points "into an interior of an adapter".
  • the delimitation between container, adapter and pneumatic conveying device is arbitrary.
  • the adapter can be viewed as an independent component, as belonging to the container or as belonging to the pneumatic conveying device.
  • the function of the adapter can be integrated into the pneumatic conveying device.
  • the contact surface is curved in a concave or convex manner.
  • the suction openings and the supply air openings are arranged somewhat offset from one another in terms of depth, so that the flow conditions in the container can be further optimized.
  • the at least one supply air opening is designed to be smaller in cross section than the at least one suction opening.
  • the transport line can become blocked and the flow conditions reversed.
  • the compressed air supplied to the pneumatic conveying device can then no longer escape via the transport line, but is instead blown against the intended flow direction through the suction channels into the container for the free-flowing material and subsequently against the planned flow direction through the supply air channels.
  • Transported material can lead to blockages of the supply air ducts and thus to increased maintenance costs. If the air inlet openings are now made smaller than the suction opening, this disadvantageous effect can be avoided or at least reduced.
  • the pneumatic conveyor device has several intake openings of several intake channels arranged on the contact surface along a first straight line and several air intake openings of several air intake channels arranged on the contact surface along a second straight line parallel to the first straight line.
  • first straight line and the second straight line are aligned essentially horizontally when the pneumatic conveyor device is used.
  • the pneumatic conveying device is on the one hand comparatively easy to manufacture, on the other hand it also results in favorable flow conditions in the container.
  • the free-flowing material is dug up through the air intake openings lying on a straight line, as it were "on a broad front" and transported to the suction openings.
  • the pneumatic sand conveyor device has a Laval nozzle arranged downstream of the mixing chamber in the conveying direction of the free-flowing material. In this way, the flow speed in the transport line can be increased, possibly even to supersonic speed.
  • a jet direction of the propellant nozzle is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component.
  • a horizontally guided transport line as it occurs in particular in sanding systems of rail vehicles, can be connected directly, that is to say without bends or bends, to the pneumatic conveying device. Defects and downtimes due to a chafed pipe bend can thus be avoided.
  • a straight section of the at least one intake duct starting at the contact surface leads further away from the contact surface than a straight section of the at least one supply air duct starting at the contact surface.
  • the propellant nozzle and the pneumatic system connected to it are further away from the contact surface, or are arranged in a different plane than the supply air ducts.
  • the structural freedom in the alignment of the propellant nozzle and as a result of the connection for the transport line is therefore particularly great, since there is little or no spatial overlap between the suction system and the supply air or false air system.
  • an air inlet opening closest to a suction opening is arranged above said suction opening when the pneumatic conveying device is used. This supports the removal of the free-flowing material and complete emptying of the container, since free-flowing material is blown towards the suction openings with the aid of the supply air / false air and the force of gravity.
  • a straight section of the at least one suction channel starting at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air channel starting at the contact surface are inclined towards each other away from the pneumatic conveyor device in the direction of the container.
  • a straight section of the at least one suction channel starting at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air channel starting at the contact surface can enclose an angle which opens away from the container in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor device.
  • an axis of said straight section of the intake duct and an axis of said straight section of the supply air duct can also have an intersection point within the container or adapter.
  • the air flow emerging from the at least one supply air duct blows the free-flowing material towards the at least one suction opening.
  • the air inlet openings are in the EP 2 100 788 B1 tangentially and therefore not aligned with the suction openings, as a result of which the sand is blown away from the suction openings by the air flowing out of the supply air openings.
  • the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device is aligned vertically when the same is used. This avoids deposits in the area of the suction openings and supply air openings.
  • the contact surface is inclined slightly to the vertical and is oriented in an overhanging manner. In this way, deposits in the area of the suction openings and supply air openings can be prevented even better.
  • the pneumatic conveyor device is arranged entirely outside of said container. This way there will be intersections Avoided inside the container, that is, the inside of the container is largely smooth, since the pneumatic conveyor device does not protrude into the container. Therefore, there are no "shadow areas" from which the brake sand is not removed, but it is possible to completely empty the container. Deposits and clumps of the free-flowing material and the associated long-term impending clogging of the suction openings can thus be avoided.
  • the container tapers towards the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device. This also promotes complete emptying of the container, which prevents deposits and the associated negative effects.
  • the tapering part of the container is formed at least in the end area by an adapter.
  • pneumatic conveying devices of different types and / or different numbers of pneumatic conveying devices can be coupled to the container for the pourable material in a simple manner.
  • a modular system has a metering system and at least two adapters of different designs.
  • the dosing system has a blow-out device which comprises blow-out channels which are arranged in the conveying direction of the pourable material behind the mixing chamber and possibly behind a Laval nozzle, are oriented at an angle to the conveying direction of the free-flowing material and point in the said conveying direction.
  • a transport line can be cleaned or free-flowing material that has remained lying around can be transported away.
  • the pressure is preferably set so that the free-flowing material is just not sucked in via the suction channels.
  • the blow-out device can be designed as a separate part, which is connected to the pneumatic conveying device as required, or it can also be a direct part of the pneumatic conveying device.
  • blow-out device is arranged in the further course of the transport line.
  • the pressure applied to the propellant nozzle for blowing out a transport line is reduced to such an extent that no pourable material is sucked in via the suction channels. This measure can be provided in addition to or as an alternative to the blow-out device.
  • the metering system has a heater and / or at least one warm air duct which opens into a (storage) space for the pourable material.
  • the heater can be formed by an electric heating rod.
  • compressed air is passed over the heating rod, heated and dried there and then blown into a room for the pourable material via a warm air duct or several warm air ducts in order to heat and dry the free-flowing material. This can prevent the pourable material from clumping together.
  • the heater or the at least one warm air duct can be arranged in the above-mentioned adapter, in a heating flange which is arranged between the pneumatic conveying device and the adapter, or also directly in the pneumatic conveying device itself.
  • a metering system has several pneumatic conveyor devices coupled to a container.
  • the material sucked out of the container can be fed into various pipe systems which, in particular, can be activated in different ways.
  • the pneumatic conveyor devices do not influence each other or only slightly, and it is also possible to arrange all pneumatic conveyor devices at the lowest point of the container for the free-flowing material. As a result, the container can be completely emptied practically with any of the pneumatic conveyor devices.
  • the connections for the transport lines and / or the pressure lines can point in different directions in order, for example, to simplify the installation of the metering system in an existing pipe system and in particular to reduce the use of pipe bends as far as possible.
  • the distance between a suction opening and the closest air supply opening is a maximum of 30 mm. Due to the close proximity of the air inlet openings and the suction openings, the discharged mass flow is practically independent of the filling level in the sand container. In addition, the air flow that forms also promotes removal of the brake sand and complete emptying of the sand container.
  • FIG Figures 1 to 3 A first example of a pneumatic conveying device 101 is illustrated in FIG Figures 1 to 3 explained, with the Fig. 1 a schematic overview image, the Fig. 2 a detailed sectional view of the pneumatic conveying device 101 coupled to a container 2 and FIG Fig. 3 represents a side view of the pneumatic conveyor device 101.
  • the container 2 is provided for receiving free-flowing material.
  • the Figures 2 and 3 as well as an xyz coordinate system drawn in in most of the following figures.
  • the pneumatic conveyor device 101 comprises a contact surface 3, which is intended for contact with the pourable material, as well as a jet pump 4 with a mixing chamber 5, a pressurizable propellant nozzle 6 opening into the mixing chamber 5 and with at least one leading away from the contact surface 3 and into the
  • the pneumatic conveying device 101 comprises at least one supply air duct 8 leading away from the contact surface 3 and opening onto an outer surface of the pneumatic conveying device 101.
  • two suction ducts 7 and five supply air ducts 8 are provided.
  • these numbers are purely illustrative, and a different number of intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 can also be provided (cf. Fig. 8 ).
  • the intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 can have any cross-section, but it is advantageous if they are designed as bores or with an elongated (oval) cross-section.
  • the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 are oriented identically in the area of the contact surface 3, the flow directions in the intake ducts 7 and in the supply air ducts 8 being antiparallel when the pneumatic conveyor device 101 is in operation.
  • the suction channels 7 and 7 and the supply air channels 8 form at least suction openings 9 and supply air openings 10 in the area of the contact surface 3.
  • the air flow inside the pneumatic conveying device 101 is partially shown. For the sake of clarity, however, part of the mixing chamber 5 and the propellant nozzle 6 are not shown.
  • both an intake duct 7 and an air inlet duct 8 are shown lying in the sectional plane in order to facilitate understanding of the function of the pneumatic conveying device 101.
  • the pneumatic conveyor device 101 and the container 2 together form a metering system 111, the coupling of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 to the container 2 in the specifically illustrated example being via an optional adapter 121, which is thus also part of the metering system 111.
  • the pneumatic conveyor device 101 can also be connected directly to the container 2, or the adapter 121 can also be regarded as part of the container 2.
  • the supply air ducts 8 lead to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 and open there into the surroundings of the conveyor device 101. That is to say, ambient air or false air is sucked in via the supply air ducts 8. But this is not necessarily the case. Rather, it is also conceivable that the supply air ducts 8 are instead connected to a compressed air system and, accordingly, air is guided from this compressed air system to the supply air ducts 8. For example, undesired penetration of water, water vapor / humidity, foreign bodies and / or animals into the container 2 can advantageously be prevented, since the air sucked in by a compressor and fed into the compressed air system is usually filtered and dried.
  • a pressure reducer can in particular be provided in front of the supply air ducts 8.
  • the air supplied to said pressure reducer can come directly from the compressed air system or it can also be branched off behind the pressure adjustment screw 14 or behind a pressure reducer provided for the propellant nozzle 6.
  • the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 can be independent of the pressure provided for the propellant nozzle 6 or it can also be dependent on it. In particular, the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 can also be constant. It is also particularly advantageous if an air source is connected to the supply air ducts 8 and the pressure applied to the supply air ducts 8 is thus largely independent of the volume flow flowing through the supply air ducts 8. It can also be advantageous that the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 is proportional to the pressure for the propellant nozzle 6 in a lower pressure range, but is limited to a maximum pressure. This can be done with a check valve or bypass valve, for example.
  • supply air ducts 8 can be supplied partly from the ambient air and partly from compressed air.
  • this can be rotated about an axis normal to the contact surface 3 (see also the Figures 5 and 6 ).
  • the transport line 16 can be aligned in practically any direction and the pneumatic conveying device 101 can be easily adapted to different installation situations without a bend or pipe bend being necessary in the transport line near the pneumatic conveying device 101, as is often the case with known solutions a defect based on such a pipe bend that has been worn through from the inside can be avoided.
  • the axis of the driving nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 do not intersect. Although this is advantageous, it is not mandatory. It would of course also be conceivable that the axis of the propellant nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 intersect one another.
  • the contact surface 3 which is flat here, is oriented vertically. In this way, deposits in the area of the suction openings 9 and Air inlet openings 10 can be avoided. In principle, however, the contact surface 3 could also be inclined with respect to the vertical, in particular overhanging to the right. In this way, deposits in the area of the suction openings 9 and supply air openings 10 can be avoided particularly well.
  • the supply air openings 10 are arranged above the suction openings 9 in this advantageous embodiment. This supports the removal of the free-flowing material and complete emptying of the container 2 or the adapter 121, since free-flowing material is blown towards the suction openings 9 with the aid of the supply air / false air.
  • a supply air opening 10 - as in Fig. 3 - is designed to be smaller in cross-section than a suction opening 9. This prevents free-flowing material from being blown into the supply air ducts 8 in the event of a reversal of the flow conditions, as can happen if the transport line 16 is clogged.
  • the compressed air blown in via the compressed air connection 13 cannot be discharged via the transport line 16 as actually intended, but is opposite to that in FIG Fig. 2
  • the direction of flow shown is blown into the container 2 via the intake ducts 7 and discharged via the supply air ducts 8.
  • these can clog which, in addition to maintenance of the transport line 16, entails maintenance of the pneumatic conveying device 101.
  • the advantageous embodiment of the pneumatic conveying device 101 shown here consists in that it is arranged entirely outside the container 2 or the adapter 121. This also favors a complete emptying of the container 2 or the adapter 121, and a deposit of the free-flowing material, which in the worst case can lead to clumping and clogging of the system, is prevented.
  • the container 2 tapers towards the contact surface 3 of the pneumatic conveyor device 1, the tapering part in the end region of the container 2 - as shown - also being formed by an adapter 121 .
  • Fig. 5 now shows a side view of a pneumatic conveying device 102, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveying device 101. In contrast to this, however, the jet direction of the propellant nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16 is aligned horizontally. In this way, the free-flowing material can also be transported away horizontally without a bend or bend having to be installed in the course of the same.
  • Fig. 6 shows a side view of a further pneumatic conveying device 103, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveying devices 101 and 102.
  • the jet direction of the propellant nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16 is oriented at an angle. That is, the jet direction of the propellant nozzle 6 has a horizontal component. In this way, the pourable material can also be transported away in an inclined direction without a bend or bend having to be installed in the course of the same.
  • FIGs 7 and 8 show a further advantageous design of a pneumatic conveying device 104, which is also the pneumatic conveying device 101 from the Figures 1 to 4 is very similar.
  • the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 in the area of the contact surface 3 are inclined with respect to the vertical z.
  • the supply air ducts 8 are inclined by the angle ⁇ and the intake ducts 7 by the angle ⁇ + ⁇ with respect to the vertical. That is, the supply air ducts 8 are slightly more steeply inclined than the suction channels 7, which further favors a complete emptying of the container 2 or the adapter 121.
  • a straight section of an intake duct 7 beginning at the contact surface 3 and a straight section of an air inlet duct 8 beginning at the contact surface 3 are inclined away from the pneumatic conveyor device 100 .. 105 in the direction of the container 2.
  • the two straight sections mentioned enclose the angle ⁇ , which opens away from the container 2 in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor device 104, and the axes of the two straight sections mentioned have an intersection point in the container 2 and in the adapter 121, respectively.
  • the pneumatic conveyor device 101 shown is inclined by the same angle ⁇ + ⁇ relative to the vertical, that is to say aligned parallel in the projection onto the xz plane. It should be noted, however, that the supply air ducts 8 in the pneumatic conveying device 101 of Fig. 2 can likewise be inclined differently and in particular more strongly than the intake ducts 7.
  • the angle mentioned above is to be understood as a solid angle.
  • the angle between two intake channels 7, viewed in the xz plane, is 0 °
  • the angle, viewed in the yz plane, is 2y.
  • the solid angle between the intake channels 7 is accordingly maximum 2y.
  • the air supply channels 8 are in the Figures 7 and 8 example shown is assumed in parallel. The solid angle between them is therefore 0 °.
  • the solid angles mentioned should advantageously be (all) below 30 °.
  • the intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 leading upwards generally prevent the free-flowing material from trickling out of the container unintentionally. A separate potential threshold for the pourable material can therefore be avoided.
  • the contact surface 3 is flat. But this is not mandatory.
  • the contact surface 3 can also be concave (see the dotted line C in FIG Fig. 7 ) or convexly curved (see the dotted line D).
  • the curvature can be either cylindrical or spherical.
  • the illustrated pneumatic conveying device 104 for the pneumatic conveying device 101 consists in that the supply air duct 8 via the in the Fig. 2 provided level is performed.
  • the straight sections of the supply air ducts 8 leading away from the contact surface 3 still only extend up to the distance a, but a collecting line of the supply air system exceeds this distance a and is led to behind the mixing chamber 5.
  • suction openings 9 and the air supply openings 10 are in the Fig. 8 not arranged on two straight lines A and B but roughly in an arc.
  • suction openings 9 and supply air openings 10 are arranged alternately at the same height.
  • Fig. 9 shows a dosing system 112, which is the in Fig. 2 shown metering system 111 is very similar.
  • a blow-out device 17 is provided which comprises a compressed air connection 18, an annular channel 19 and several blow-out channels 20, which are aligned obliquely to a conveying direction in the Laval nozzle 15 or in the transport line 16 and point in the aforementioned conveying direction. Air can be blown into the transport line 16 via the compressed air connection 18 without necessarily sucking in free-flowing material via the suction channels 7. In this way, the transport line 16 can be cleaned or free-flowing material that has remained lying around can be transported away.
  • the pressure at the compressed air connection 18 is preferably set in such a way that the free-flowing material is just not sucked in via the suction channels 7.
  • the blow-out device 17 can be designed as a separate part, which is connected to the pneumatic conveying device 101 as required, or it can also be a direct part of the pneumatic conveying device 101. It is of course also conceivable that the (or a further) blow-out device 17 is arranged in the further course of the transport line 16. It is also conceivable that the pressure at the compressed air connection 13 for blowing out the transport line 16 is reduced to such an extent that no pourable material is sucked in via the suction channels 7. This measure can be provided in addition or as an alternative to the blow-out device 17.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further dosing system 113, which is the in Fig. 2 shown metering system 111 is very similar.
  • the adapter 122 which in the Fig. 11 is shown in section EE, but now has a bore 21 in which a heating rod 22 is arranged. Air blown into the bore 21 sweeps over the heating rod 22, is heated and dried and passes through the warm air ducts 23 into the interior of the adapter 122, whereby the free-flowing material located therein is heated and dried.
  • the heating rod 22 is designed as an electrical heating rod, which is connected to a power supply via the connecting wires 24. Of course, heating can also take place differently, for example with hot water.
  • the heating rod 22 not only heats the air flowing past, but also the adapter 122 as such. Blowing the air into the bore 21 is advantageous, but not absolutely necessary. It is also conceivable that only the adapter 122 is heated.
  • the adapter 122 has in the example shown five warm air channels 23 emanating from the bore 21. Of course, any other number of warm air ducts 23 is also conceivable.
  • Fig. 12 now shows a further example of a metering system 114, which is in the Figures 10 and 11 Dosing system 113 shown is very similar. In contrast to this, however, the adapter 123 has an overhead bore 21 with a heating rod 22 arranged therein. That to the one in the Figures 10 and 11 What has been said also applies accordingly to the Fig. 12 .
  • Fig. 13 shows a further dosing system 115, which is the in Fig. 2 shown metering system 111 is very similar.
  • a heating flange 25 is now provided, which in the Fig. 14 is shown in section FF.
  • the heating flange 25, like the adapters 122 and 123 from the Figures 10 to 12 , a bore 21 in which a heating rod 22 is arranged. Air blown into the bore 26 sweeps over the heating rod 22, is heated and dried and enters the interior of the heating flange 25 via the warm air duct 23, whereby the free-flowing material located therein is heated and dried. In order to ensure that the heated air exits via the warm air duct 23, the bore 21 is closed with a plug 27.
  • the heating rod 22 is again designed as an electrical heating rod, which is connected to a power supply via the connecting wires 24.
  • heating can also take place differently, for example with hot water.
  • the heating rod 22 not only heats the air flowing past, but also the heating flange 25 as such. Blowing the air into the bore 26 is advantageous, but not absolutely necessary. It is also conceivable that only the heating flange 25 is heated.
  • the heating flange 25 has a warm air duct 23 extending from the bore 21. Of course, any other number of warm air ducts 23 is also conceivable.
  • the end of the warm air ducts 23 each point obliquely downwards into the volumes filled by the free-flowing material, so that the free-flowing material cannot penetrate into the warm air ducts 23.
  • a warm air duct 23 is instead or additionally protected against the ingress of free-flowing material with a filter element.
  • a filter element can be in the course of the warm air duct 23 be arranged.
  • a filter element against the ingress of free-flowing material is also conceivable for the supply air ducts 8 and can also be arranged in their course.
  • the heating flange 25 can be designed as a separate part which, if necessary, is connected to the pneumatic conveying device 101 or to the adapter 121, or the heating flange 25 can also be directly part of the pneumatic conveying device 101 or part of the adapter 121.
  • the pneumatic conveying device 101, the heating flange 25 and the adapter 121 (and also the container 2) can also be made in one part.
  • blow-out device 17, the adapters 122, 123 and the heating flange 25 can form the basis for inventions independent of claim 1.
  • the Fig. 15 now shows a further embodiment of a metering system 116, which the in Fig. 1 shown metering system 111 is very similar.
  • an adapter 124 rather than an adapter 121..123, is installed, to which two pneumatic conveyor devices 101, 105 are connected.
  • the pneumatic conveyor devices 101, 105 can have different types and, for example, differently oriented drive nozzles 6 or transport lines 16 (compare FIGS Figures 3 to 6 ).
  • the differences in the design can of course also relate to other aspects, for example the arrangement of the suction holes and supply air holes 10 (see Fig Figures 3 and 8th ).
  • a modular system for dosing systems 110..116 can be set up.
  • the presented pneumatic conveyor devices 101 .. 105 or metering systems 110 .. 116 can be used in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, brake sand being provided as the pourable material.
  • a schematic example of a rail vehicle 28 is shown
  • the sanding system comprises a metering system 110, a compressor or compressor 29, two valves 30, a controller 31, and two downpipes 32.
  • the compressor 29, which is often already present in a rail vehicle 28, is connected to the two pneumatic conveying devices 100 via compressed air lines, each conveying device 100 being preceded by a controllable valve 30.
  • the controllable valves 30 are connected to the controller 31 via control lines.
  • the two transport lines 16 in turn lead to the two downpipes 32, which are arranged in the area of the wheels of the rail vehicle 28.
  • the rail vehicle 28 comprises a single sanding system; in principle, of course, several sanding systems could also be provided.
  • the controller 20 When braking, the controller 20 causes the compressor 29 to be activated (if the compressor 29 is not running anyway) and one of the two valves 30 to open. As a result, brake sand is transported from the container 2 to the downpipe 32 and from there falls in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle 28 to increase traction when braking and when moving off. Depending on the direction of travel of the rail vehicle 28, the left or right valve 30 is actuated.
  • the exemplary embodiments show possible design variants of a pneumatic conveying device 100 .. 105 according to the invention, a dosing system 110 .. 116 according to the invention or a sanding system according to the invention and a rail vehicle 28 according to the invention, whereby it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated design variants thereof Rather, various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are also possible and this possibility of variation is within the ability of a person skilled in the art based on the teaching of technical action through the present invention. So there are also all conceivable design variants that can be achieved through combinations of individual Details of the embodiment variants shown and described are possible, encompassed by the scope of protection.
  • the pneumatic conveying device 100 .. 105 or the dosing system 110 .. 116 in a sanding system of a rail vehicle 28, the pneumatic conveying device 100 .. 105 or the dosing system 110. 116 can of course also be used in other technical fields, for example in industrial and / or chemical plants for conveying or metering substances to be processed.
  • the devices shown can in reality also include more or fewer components than those shown.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage, comprenant un récipient (2) de réception d'un produit apte à ruisseler et d'un dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement accouplé au récipient (2), une surface (3) de contact du dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement étant tournée vers un espace intérieur du récipient (2), le dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement comprenant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - la surface (3) de contact, qui est définie pour le contact avec le produit apte à ruisseler,
    - un éjecteur (4) ayant une chambre (5) de mélange, une buse (6) d'entraînement pouvant être alimentée en pression et débouchant dans la chambre (5) de mélange, et au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration, partant de la surface (3) de contact et débouchant dans la chambre (5) de mélange, et
    - au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air, partant de la surface (3) de contact et pouvant être alimenté en pression ou débouchant sur une surface extérieure du dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement, dans laquelle
    - le au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration et le au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air constituent dans la partie de la surface (3) de contact au moins une ouverture (9) d'aspiration et au moins une ouverture (10) d'apport d'air, dans laquelle
    - le au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration et le au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air sont dans la partie de la surface (3) de contact orientés sensiblement pareillement, les sens d'écoulement dans le au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration et dans le au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air, étant en fonctionnement du dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement, dirigés de manière antiparallèle,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement est disposé en son entier à l'extérieur dudit récipient (2).
  2. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que chaque angle
    a) entre un conduit (7) d'aspiration et un conduit (8) d'apport d'air et/ou
    b) entre deux conduits (7) d'aspiration et/ou
    c) entre deux conduits (8) d'apport d'air
    est, dans la partie de la surface (3) de contact, inférieur à 30°.
  3. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la au moins une ouverture (10) d'apport d'air a une section transversale plus petite que la au moins une ouverture (9) d'aspiration.
  4. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par plusieurs ouvertures (9) d'aspiration, disposées sur la surface (3) de contact le long d'une première droite (A), de plusieurs conduits (7) d'aspiration et par plusieurs ouvertures d'apport d'air, disposées sur la surface (3) de contact le long d'une deuxième droite (B) parallèle à la première droite (A), de plusieurs conduits (8) d'apport d'air.
  5. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par une buse (15) d'aval, montée en aval de la chambre (5) de mélange dans le sens de refoulement du produit apte à ruisseler.
  6. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un sens du jet de la buse (6) d'entraînement est horizontal ou a une composante horizontale.
  7. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une partie droite, commençant à la surface (3) de contact, du au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration part plus loin de la surface (3) de contact qu'une partie droite, commençant à la surface (3) de contact, du au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air.
  8. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une partie droite, commençant à la surface (3) de contact, du au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration et une partie droite, commençant à la surface (3) de contact, du au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air sont inclinés l'un par rapport à l'autre en direction du récipient (2) en s'éloignant du dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement.
  9. Utilisation de l'installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, pour aspirer du produit apte à ruisseler dudit récipient (2), caractérisé en ce que le au moins un conduit (7) d'aspiration et le au moins un conduit (8) d'apport d'air sont, dans la partie de la surface (3) de contact, inclinés par rapport à la verticale (z) de 40° au maximum.
  10. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce le récipient (2) s'effile vers la surface (3) de contact du dispositif (100 .. 105) pneumatique de refoulement.
  11. Installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la partie s'effilant est formée au moins dans la partie d'extrémité d'un adapteur (121 .. 124).
  12. Système modulaire, comprenant une installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé par au moins deux adaptateurs (121 .. 124) de type de construction différente.
  13. Utilisation de l'installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, 10 et 11, dans une installation d'assemblage d'un véhicule (28) ferroviaire, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu du sable de freinage comme produit apte à ruisseler.
  14. Installation de sablage pour un véhicule (28) ferroviaire, caractérisée par une installation (110 .. 116) de dosage suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, 10 et 11.
  15. Véhicule (28) ferroviaire, caractérisé par une installation de sablage suivant la revendication 14.
EP16720315.7A 2015-02-26 2016-02-24 Dispositif de refoulement pneumatique et installation de dosage ainsi qu'installation de sablage comprenant une pompe à jet de produit coulant Active EP3261894B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16720315T PL3261894T3 (pl) 2015-02-26 2016-02-24 Przenośnik pneumatyczny i dozownik oraz piasecznica z pompą strumieniową do materiału sypkiego

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ATA50154/2015A AT516916B1 (de) 2015-02-26 2015-02-26 Dosieranlage für eine Sandungsanlage eines Schienenfahrzeugs
PCT/AT2016/050042 WO2016134397A1 (fr) 2015-02-26 2016-02-24 Dispositif de refoulement pneumatique et installation de dosage ainsi qu'installation de sablage comprenant une pompe à jet de produit coulant

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EP3261894A1 EP3261894A1 (fr) 2018-01-03
EP3261894B1 true EP3261894B1 (fr) 2021-04-07

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US (1) US10745033B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3261894B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107406084B (fr)
AT (1) AT516916B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2977677C (fr)
ES (1) ES2876035T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3261894T3 (fr)
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AT516794B1 (de) * 2015-01-28 2021-02-15 Knorr Bremse Gmbh Sandungsanlage mit geschütztem Motor
DE102016216018A1 (de) * 2016-08-25 2018-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sandstreuanlage und Schienenfahrzeug mit einer solchen Sandstreuanlage
DE102016217982B4 (de) * 2016-09-20 2018-05-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sandtreppe für eine Sandstreuanlage eines Schienenfahrzeugs, Sandstreuanlage sowie Schienenfahrzeug
DE102017205622A1 (de) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dosiereinrichtung für eine Sandstreuanlage eines Schienenfahrzeugs
DE102017122860A1 (de) * 2017-10-02 2019-04-04 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Strömungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Einstellen eines Drucks in einer pneumatischen Sandfördervorrichtung für ein Schienenfahrzeug und Sandfördervorrichtung mit einer Strömungseinrichtung
DE102018208688A1 (de) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-05 Knorr-Bremse Gmbh Sandungsanlage mit einer Einstelleinrichtung für die Fördereinrichtung
CN111216744B (zh) * 2019-12-27 2021-03-16 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 一种用于机车的撒砂装置
DE102020203182A1 (de) 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 Siemens Mobility GmbH Anordnung zur Erhöhung des Kraftschlussbeiwerts bei einem Schienenfahrzeug
DE102020122640B3 (de) * 2020-08-31 2021-10-14 Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Pneumatische sandfördereinrichtung für ein sandungssystem eines schienenfahrzeugs, sandungssystem und verfahren zum betreiben einer pneumatischen sandfördereinrichtung
DE102020215952A1 (de) * 2020-12-15 2022-06-15 Siemens Mobility GmbH Streumittelanlage für ein Schienenfahrzeug

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CA2977677A1 (fr) 2016-09-01
WO2016134397A1 (fr) 2016-09-01
AT516916A2 (de) 2016-09-15
PL3261894T3 (pl) 2021-09-27
ES2876035T3 (es) 2021-11-11
US10745033B2 (en) 2020-08-18
CN107406084B (zh) 2019-12-17
CN107406084A (zh) 2017-11-28
AT516916A3 (de) 2017-02-15
AT516916B1 (de) 2021-05-15
EP3261894A1 (fr) 2018-01-03
CA2977677C (fr) 2019-12-17
US20180072329A1 (en) 2018-03-15

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