EP3261894B1 - Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a pneumatic conveyor device for coupling with a container for pourable material, which has a contact surface which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material. In addition, the pneumatic conveying device comprises a jet pump with a mixing chamber, a pressurizable drive nozzle opening into the mixing chamber and with at least one suction channel leading away from the contact surface and opening into the mixing chamber. Furthermore, the pneumatic conveying device comprises at least one supply air duct which leads away from the contact surface and can be pressurized or opens onto an outer surface of the pneumatic conveying device. The at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct form at least one intake opening and at least one supply air opening in the area of the contact surface.

The invention also relates to a metering system with a container for receiving pourable material and a pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned coupled to the named container, the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device facing into an interior space of the container.

In addition, the invention relates to an advantageous use of the pneumatic conveying device, in particular in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, as well as a use of the metering system likewise in a sanding system of a rail vehicle. Finally, the invention relates to a sanding system or a spreader and a rail vehicle as such.

In general, a pneumatic conveying device is used to transport and portion or dose free-flowing material, for example granules, sand or the like. They are used in industrial systems but also in sanding systems for rail vehicles, where they are used for metering brake sand. The sand scattered in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle increases its traction when braking and starting.

A pneumatic conveying device and a metering system of the type mentioned above, in particular in connection with a sanding system of a rail vehicle, are known in principle from the prior art. For example, the EP 2 100 788 B1 for this purpose a pneumatic conveying device which comprises a cylindrical or tower-shaped housing which is arranged in the bottom area of a sand container. The housing comprises a plurality of radially distributed suction bores and a plurality of radially distributed air supply bores. The housing protrudes from below into the sand container, so that the above-mentioned bores come to rest in the container.

The disadvantage of the above-mentioned conveying device is that, due to its design, there are "shadow areas" from which the brake sand is not conveyed away. The container cannot therefore be completely emptied, as a result of which, in particular, fine-grained portions of the brake sand gradually settle in the floor area and clump there. As a result, more and more sand adheres to the rough surfaces of the clumps, which ultimately clogs the suction openings of the pneumatic conveying device.

The problem arises in particular with multiple systems in which several pneumatic conveying devices protrude into the sand container and there are therefore particularly strong intersections in which the brake sand can "settle well". In addition, there can be a relatively strong mutual influence of the pneumatic conveying devices, in particular when the suction openings face one another. When installing the conveying devices in the sand container, special precautions must therefore be taken because of the cylindrical shape so that they are installed in a desired position and not twisted. Another problem with multiple systems is that the pneumatic conveying devices cannot be installed at the lowest point of the sand container, which further promotes undesirable deposits. In addition, the connections for the pressure lines and the transport lines may be inclined, which causes problems when connecting to the pipe network of the rail vehicle or complicates the installation of the sanding system.

Another disadvantage of the known conveying device is that the total height of the metering system is relatively large due to the assembly of the conveying device underneath the sand container, which leads to problems with the limited installation space of modern rail vehicles can. In addition, a transport line to the wheels of the rail vehicle must generally be routed horizontally at least in sections, which requires the use of a 90 ° bend or bend. The problem is that, due to the abrasive effect of the brake sand and the high air speed in the transport line (due to a Laval nozzle built into the pneumatic conveying device, supersonic speeds can sometimes be reached!), Such an arc, unless it is particularly intensified, chafed through in a relatively short time, which entails time-consuming and costly maintenance of the sanding system, including the downtime of the rail vehicle.

Due to the low-lying position of the pneumatic conveyor system, it cannot be protected, or only very inadequately, from the effects of the weather, which on the one hand is susceptible to failure and on the other hand does not have an excessively long life expectancy. In addition, because of their low position, the transport lines usually have to have rising sections in which the brake sand can, however, only be transported with difficulty. The pamphlet EP 0 016 471 A1 discloses a metering device for a sanding system of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, with a sand storage container that can be largely sealed off from the outside. A sanding pipe protrudes through the bottom of the container to under a bell in the container and ends directly in front of a vehicle wheel. The bottom of the container is air-permeable. A supply air line in connection with a supply air line is connected to the bottom of the container. An exhaust air line, the open end of which lies in the upper part of the container, which is essentially kept free from the sand, is connected to the sand pipe at a distance from the bell.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved metering system, an improved sanding system and an improved rail vehicle. In particular, the above-mentioned problems should be avoided.

The object of the invention is achieved with a metering system of the type mentioned at the outset, which has the features of claim 1.

The object of the invention is also achieved with a use of the dosing system of the type mentioned for sucking the pourable material from the container mentioned, the at least one suction channel and the at least one supply air channel being inclined by a maximum of 40 ° relative to the vertical in the area of the contact surface.

In addition, the object of the invention is achieved by using a metering system of the type mentioned in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, brake sand being provided as the pourable material.

Finally, the object of the invention is also achieved by a rail vehicle with such a sanding system.

1. a) zwischen einem Ansaugkanal und einem Zuluftkanal und/oder
2. b) zwischen zwei Ansaugkanälen und/oder
3. c) zwischen zwei Zuluftkanälen

im Bereich der Kontaktfläche unter 30° beträgt.The total height of the metering system is advantageous compared to the one from the proposed measures EP 2 100 788 B1 known measures reduced, whereby the installation - for example in a rail vehicle - is simplified. Due to the somewhat elevated position of the pneumatic conveyor system, it can also be very well protected from the effects of the weather, which on the one hand is less prone to failure and on the other hand also has a comparatively high life expectancy. Rising sections in transport lines can largely be avoided, so that the transport line works better. In general, the term “essentially” in the context of the invention means, in particular, a deviation of +/- 10 ° for angle specifications or of +/- 10% for other specifications. An "essentially the same orientation" of the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct in the area of the contact surface can in particular also be understood to mean that each (spatial) angle

1. a) between an intake duct and a supply air duct and / or
2. b) between two intake ducts and / or
3. c) between two supply air ducts

in the area of the contact surface is below 30 °.

The statement that the pneumatic conveyor device is "coupled" to the container means a direct connection of the pneumatic conveyor device to the container or an indirect connection, for example via an intermediate adapter. The statement that the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device points "into an interior of the container" can therefore also mean that the contact surface points "into an interior of an adapter". In general, the delimitation between container, adapter and pneumatic conveying device is arbitrary. In principle, the adapter can be viewed as an independent component, as belonging to the container or as belonging to the pneumatic conveying device. In particular, the function of the adapter can be integrated into the pneumatic conveying device.

Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and from the description in conjunction with the figures.

It is beneficial if the contact surface is flat. This makes it possible to manufacture the pneumatic conveying device with simple technical means.

However, it is also favorable if the contact surface is curved in a concave or convex manner. As a result, the suction openings and the supply air openings are arranged somewhat offset from one another in terms of depth, so that the flow conditions in the container can be further optimized.

It is particularly advantageous if the at least one supply air opening is designed to be smaller in cross section than the at least one suction opening. Under unfavorable conditions, the transport line can become blocked and the flow conditions reversed. The compressed air supplied to the pneumatic conveying device can then no longer escape via the transport line, but is instead blown against the intended flow direction through the suction channels into the container for the free-flowing material and subsequently against the planned flow direction through the supply air channels. Transported material can lead to blockages of the supply air ducts and thus to increased maintenance costs. If the air inlet openings are now made smaller than the suction opening, this disadvantageous effect can be avoided or at least reduced.

It is advantageous if the pneumatic conveyor device has several intake openings of several intake channels arranged on the contact surface along a first straight line and several air intake openings of several air intake channels arranged on the contact surface along a second straight line parallel to the first straight line. In this context, it is also advantageous if the first straight line and the second straight line are aligned essentially horizontally when the pneumatic conveyor device is used. As a result, the pneumatic conveying device is on the one hand comparatively easy to manufacture, on the other hand it also results in favorable flow conditions in the container. The free-flowing material is dug up through the air intake openings lying on a straight line, as it were "on a broad front" and transported to the suction openings.

It is favorable if the pneumatic sand conveyor device has a Laval nozzle arranged downstream of the mixing chamber in the conveying direction of the free-flowing material. In this way, the flow speed in the transport line can be increased, possibly even to supersonic speed.

It is advantageous if a jet direction of the propellant nozzle is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component. In this way, a horizontally guided transport line, as it occurs in particular in sanding systems of rail vehicles, can be connected directly, that is to say without bends or bends, to the pneumatic conveying device. Defects and downtimes due to a chafed pipe bend can thus be avoided.

It is also particularly advantageous if a straight section of the at least one intake duct starting at the contact surface leads further away from the contact surface than a straight section of the at least one supply air duct starting at the contact surface. In this way, the propellant nozzle and the pneumatic system connected to it are further away from the contact surface, or are arranged in a different plane than the supply air ducts. The structural freedom in the alignment of the propellant nozzle and as a result of the connection for the transport line is therefore particularly great, since there is little or no spatial overlap between the suction system and the supply air or false air system.

It is furthermore favorable if an air inlet opening closest to a suction opening is arranged above said suction opening when the pneumatic conveying device is used. This supports the removal of the free-flowing material and complete emptying of the container, since free-flowing material is blown towards the suction openings with the aid of the supply air / false air and the force of gravity.

It is also particularly advantageous if a straight section of the at least one suction channel starting at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air channel starting at the contact surface are inclined towards each other away from the pneumatic conveyor device in the direction of the container. In particular, a straight section of the at least one suction channel starting at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air channel starting at the contact surface can enclose an angle which opens away from the container in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor device. In particular, an axis of said straight section of the intake duct and an axis of said straight section of the supply air duct can also have an intersection point within the container or adapter. These measures further promote the removal of the free-flowing material from the container / adapter and its complete emptying. This is because the air flow emerging from the at least one supply air duct blows the free-flowing material towards the at least one suction opening. This is not the case with prior art arrangements. For example, the air inlet openings are in the EP 2 100 788 B1 tangentially and therefore not aligned with the suction openings, as a result of which the sand is blown away from the suction openings by the air flowing out of the supply air openings.

It is also advantageous if the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device is aligned vertically when the same is used. This avoids deposits in the area of the suction openings and supply air openings. However, it is also advantageous if the contact surface is inclined slightly to the vertical and is oriented in an overhanging manner. In this way, deposits in the area of the suction openings and supply air openings can be prevented even better.

In addition, it is particularly advantageous if the pneumatic conveyor device is arranged entirely outside of said container. This way there will be intersections Avoided inside the container, that is, the inside of the container is largely smooth, since the pneumatic conveyor device does not protrude into the container. Therefore, there are no "shadow areas" from which the brake sand is not removed, but it is possible to completely empty the container. Deposits and clumps of the free-flowing material and the associated long-term impending clogging of the suction openings can thus be avoided.

It is also favorable if the container tapers towards the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device. This also promotes complete emptying of the container, which prevents deposits and the associated negative effects.

It is also advantageous if the tapering part of the container is formed at least in the end area by an adapter. As a result, pneumatic conveying devices of different types and / or different numbers of pneumatic conveying devices can be coupled to the container for the pourable material in a simple manner. In this context, it is also advantageous if a modular system has a metering system and at least two adapters of different designs.

It is also advantageous if the dosing system has a blow-out device which comprises blow-out channels which are arranged in the conveying direction of the pourable material behind the mixing chamber and possibly behind a Laval nozzle, are oriented at an angle to the conveying direction of the free-flowing material and point in the said conveying direction. In this way, a transport line can be cleaned or free-flowing material that has remained lying around can be transported away. The pressure is preferably set so that the free-flowing material is just not sucked in via the suction channels. The blow-out device can be designed as a separate part, which is connected to the pneumatic conveying device as required, or it can also be a direct part of the pneumatic conveying device. It is also conceivable that a blow-out device is arranged in the further course of the transport line. In general, it is also conceivable that the pressure applied to the propellant nozzle for blowing out a transport line is reduced to such an extent that no pourable material is sucked in via the suction channels. This measure can be provided in addition to or as an alternative to the blow-out device.

It is also favorable if the metering system has a heater and / or at least one warm air duct which opens into a (storage) space for the pourable material. For example, the heater can be formed by an electric heating rod. In particular, it can be provided that compressed air is passed over the heating rod, heated and dried there and then blown into a room for the pourable material via a warm air duct or several warm air ducts in order to heat and dry the free-flowing material. This can prevent the pourable material from clumping together. The heater or the at least one warm air duct can be arranged in the above-mentioned adapter, in a heating flange which is arranged between the pneumatic conveying device and the adapter, or also directly in the pneumatic conveying device itself.

It is also beneficial if a metering system has several pneumatic conveyor devices coupled to a container. As a result, the material sucked out of the container can be fed into various pipe systems which, in particular, can be activated in different ways. Due to the proposed construction, the pneumatic conveyor devices do not influence each other or only slightly, and it is also possible to arrange all pneumatic conveyor devices at the lowest point of the container for the free-flowing material. As a result, the container can be completely emptied practically with any of the pneumatic conveyor devices.

In the above context, it is also advantageous if at least two pneumatic conveyor devices are of different designs. In this way, the type and manner of the pipe systems to be supplied or a different demand for conveying capacity can be taken into account. In particular, the connections for the transport lines and / or the pressure lines can point in different directions in order, for example, to simplify the installation of the metering system in an existing pipe system and in particular to reduce the use of pipe bends as far as possible.

It is advantageous if the distance between a suction opening and the closest air supply opening is a maximum of 30 mm. Due to the close proximity of the air inlet openings and the suction openings, the discharged mass flow is practically independent of the filling level in the sand container. In addition, the air flow that forms also promotes removal of the brake sand and complete emptying of the sand container.

For a better understanding of the invention, it is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1

ein erstes schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel für eine Dosieranlage mit einer ersten Bauart einer pneumatischen Fördereinrichtung;

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt durch die pneumatische Fördereinrichtung aus Fig. 1 im Bodenbereich des Behälters für das rieselfähige Gut;

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht auf die pneumatische Fördereinrichtung aus Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

wie Fig. 3, nur ohne unsichtbar dargestellte Luftführung im Inneren der pneumatischen Fördereinrichtung;

Fig. 5

eine Seitenansicht auf eine pneumatische Fördereinrichtung mit horizontal ausgerichtetem Anschluss für eine Transportleitung;

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht auf eine pneumatische Fördereinrichtung mit schräg ausgerichtetem Anschluss für eine Transportleitung;

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Bauart einer pneumatischen Fördereinrichtung mit unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Ansaugkanälen und Zuluftkanälen;

Fig. 8

eine Seitenansicht auf die pneumatische Fördereinrichtung aus Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

eine Dosieranlage mit einer angebauten Ausblaseeinrichtung;

Fig. 10

eine Dosieranlage mit einem beheizbaren Adapter;

Fig. 11

den Adapter aus Fig. 10 im Schnitt;

Fig. 12

eine Dosieranlage mit einem etwas anders gestalteten, beheizbaren Adapter;

Fig. 13

eine Dosieranlage mit einem beheizbaren Heizflansch;

Fig. 14

den Heizflansch aus Fig. 13 im Schnitt;

Fig. 15

ein schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel für eine Dosieranlage mit zwei pneumatischen Fördereinrichtungen und

Fig. 16

ein schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel für eine Sandungsanlage in einem Schienenfahrzeug.

They each show in a greatly simplified, schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a first schematically illustrated example of a metering system with a first type of pneumatic conveying device;

Fig. 2

a section through the pneumatic conveyor Fig. 1 in the bottom area of the container for the pourable material;

Fig. 3

a side view of the pneumatic conveyor Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4

how Fig. 3 , only without the invisible air duct inside the pneumatic conveying device;

Fig. 5

a side view of a pneumatic conveying device with a horizontally aligned connection for a transport line;

Fig. 6

a side view of a pneumatic conveying device with an obliquely aligned connection for a transport line;

Fig. 7

a section through a further type of pneumatic conveying device with differently oriented intake ducts and supply air ducts;

Fig. 8

a side view of the pneumatic conveyor Fig. 7 ;

Fig. 9

a dosing system with an attached blow-out device;

Fig. 10

a dosing system with a heatable adapter;

Fig. 11

the adapter Fig. 10 on average;

Fig. 12

a dosing system with a slightly differently designed, heatable adapter;

Fig. 13

a dosing system with a heatable heating flange;

Fig. 14

the heating flange Fig. 13 on average;

Fig. 15

a schematically shown example of a dosing system with two pneumatic conveying devices and

Fig. 16

a schematically illustrated example of a sanding system in a rail vehicle.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols or the same component names, whereby the disclosures contained in the entire description can be transferred accordingly to the same parts with the same reference symbols or the same component names. The position details chosen in the description, e.g. above, below, to the side, etc., refer to the figure immediately described and shown and, in the event of a change in position, are to be transferred accordingly to the new position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.

A first example of a pneumatic conveying device 101 is illustrated in FIG Figures 1 to 3 explained, with the Fig. 1 a schematic overview image, the Fig. 2 a detailed sectional view of the pneumatic conveying device 101 coupled to a container 2 and FIG Fig. 3 represents a side view of the pneumatic conveyor device 101. The container 2 is provided for receiving free-flowing material. For better orientation, the Figures 2 and 3 , as well as an xyz coordinate system drawn in in most of the following figures.

The pneumatic conveyor device 101 comprises a contact surface 3, which is intended for contact with the pourable material, as well as a jet pump 4 with a mixing chamber 5, a pressurizable propellant nozzle 6 opening into the mixing chamber 5 and with at least one leading away from the contact surface 3 and into the In addition, the pneumatic conveying device 101 comprises at least one supply air duct 8 leading away from the contact surface 3 and opening onto an outer surface of the pneumatic conveying device 101. In the specifically illustrated example, two suction ducts 7 and five supply air ducts 8 are provided. However, these numbers are purely illustrative, and a different number of intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 can also be provided (cf. Fig. 8 ). In principle, the intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 can have any cross-section, but it is advantageous if they are designed as bores or with an elongated (oval) cross-section.

The intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 are oriented identically in the area of the contact surface 3, the flow directions in the intake ducts 7 and in the supply air ducts 8 being antiparallel when the pneumatic conveyor device 101 is in operation. In addition, the suction channels 7 and 7 and the supply air channels 8 form at least suction openings 9 and supply air openings 10 in the area of the contact surface 3. In the Fig. 3 the air flow inside the pneumatic conveying device 101 is partially shown. For the sake of clarity, however, part of the mixing chamber 5 and the propellant nozzle 6 are not shown. With regard to the cut for the representation in the Fig. 2 it should also be noted that both an intake duct 7 and an air inlet duct 8 are shown lying in the sectional plane in order to facilitate understanding of the function of the pneumatic conveying device 101.

The pneumatic conveyor device 101 and the container 2 together form a metering system 111, the coupling of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 to the container 2 in the specifically illustrated example being via an optional adapter 121, which is thus also part of the metering system 111. In principle, however, the pneumatic conveyor device 101 can also be connected directly to the container 2, or the adapter 121 can also be regarded as part of the container 2.

The function of the Figures 1 to 3 The arrangement shown is now as follows, assuming that the container 2 is filled with pourable material:
Compressed air is blown into the pneumatic conveyor device 101 via a compressed air connection 13. In this example, the pressure can be adjusted using the pressure adjustment screw 14. However, it is also conceivable, for example, to use a pressure reducer. The compressed air then flows through the propellant nozzle 6 into the mixing chamber 5, whereby free-flowing material is sucked out of the container 2 or the adapter 121 in a known manner via the suction channels 7 due to the Venturi effect or the negative pressure forming in the mixing chamber 5. This material is conveyed downwards via a transport line 16 via an optional Laval nozzle 15, which increases the flow rate. Pressure equalization can take place via the supply air ducts 8, that is to say the air drawn in through the intake ducts 7 flows in via the supply air ducts 8. The direction of flow of the air is in the Fig. 2 indicated with arrows.

In the example mentioned, the supply air ducts 8 lead to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 and open there into the surroundings of the conveyor device 101. That is to say, ambient air or false air is sucked in via the supply air ducts 8. But this is not necessarily the case. Rather, it is also conceivable that the supply air ducts 8 are instead connected to a compressed air system and, accordingly, air is guided from this compressed air system to the supply air ducts 8. For example, undesired penetration of water, water vapor / humidity, foreign bodies and / or animals into the container 2 can advantageously be prevented, since the air sucked in by a compressor and fed into the compressed air system is usually filtered and dried.

In order to achieve a suitable pressure, a pressure reducer can in particular be provided in front of the supply air ducts 8. The air supplied to said pressure reducer can come directly from the compressed air system or it can also be branched off behind the pressure adjustment screw 14 or behind a pressure reducer provided for the propellant nozzle 6. The pressure for the supply air ducts 8 can be independent of the pressure provided for the propellant nozzle 6 or it can also be dependent on it. In particular, the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 can also be constant. It is also particularly advantageous if an air source is connected to the supply air ducts 8 and the pressure applied to the supply air ducts 8 is thus largely independent of the volume flow flowing through the supply air ducts 8. It can also be advantageous that the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 is proportional to the pressure for the propellant nozzle 6 in a lower pressure range, but is limited to a maximum pressure. This can be done with a check valve or bypass valve, for example.

At this point it is also noted that the supply air ducts 8 can be supplied partly from the ambient air and partly from compressed air.

From the Fig. 2 It can now be seen that straight sections of the intake ducts 7 beginning at the contact surface 3 lead further away from the contact surface 3 than the straight sections of the supply air ducts 8 beginning at the contact surface 3. Specifically, the straight sections of the supply air ducts 8 only lead up to a distance a from the Contact surface 3 away, whereas the intake channels 7 lead away from the contact surface 3 up to a distance b. This means that the propellant nozzle 6 is arranged in a different plane (here further away from the contact surface 3) than the supply air ducts 8. In this advantageous variant of the pneumatic conveying device 101, the jet pump 4, the optional Laval nozzle 15 and the transport line 16 can practically can be arranged in any spatial direction. In particular, this can be rotated about an axis normal to the contact surface 3 (see also the Figures 5 and 6 ). As a result, the transport line 16 can be aligned in practically any direction and the pneumatic conveying device 101 can be easily adapted to different installation situations without a bend or pipe bend being necessary in the transport line near the pneumatic conveying device 101, as is often the case with known solutions a defect based on such a pipe bend that has been worn through from the inside can be avoided.

In the illustrated variant of the pneumatic conveying device 101, the axis of the driving nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 do not intersect. Although this is advantageous, it is not mandatory. It would of course also be conceivable that the axis of the propellant nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 intersect one another.

From the Fig. 2 it can also be seen that the contact surface 3, which is flat here, is oriented vertically. In this way, deposits in the area of the suction openings 9 and Air inlet openings 10 can be avoided. In principle, however, the contact surface 3 could also be inclined with respect to the vertical, in particular overhanging to the right. In this way, deposits in the area of the suction openings 9 and supply air openings 10 can be avoided particularly well.

It can also be seen that the supply air openings 10 are arranged above the suction openings 9 in this advantageous embodiment. This supports the removal of the free-flowing material and complete emptying of the container 2 or the adapter 121, since free-flowing material is blown towards the suction openings 9 with the aid of the supply air / false air.

It is also advantageous if a supply air opening 10 - as in Fig. 3 - is designed to be smaller in cross-section than a suction opening 9. This prevents free-flowing material from being blown into the supply air ducts 8 in the event of a reversal of the flow conditions, as can happen if the transport line 16 is clogged. In this operating state, the compressed air blown in via the compressed air connection 13 cannot be discharged via the transport line 16 as actually intended, but is opposite to that in FIG Fig. 2 The direction of flow shown is blown into the container 2 via the intake ducts 7 and discharged via the supply air ducts 8. In the event of an unsuitable design of the supply air ducts 8, these can clog, which, in addition to maintenance of the transport line 16, entails maintenance of the pneumatic conveying device 101.

It is also advantageous if several intake openings 9 of several intake channels 7 are arranged on the contact surface 3 along a first straight line A and several air intake openings 10 of several air intake channels 8 are arranged on the contact surface 3 along a second straight line B parallel to the first straight line A, as is the case in the Fig. 4 is shown. In the Fig. 4 which the Fig. 3 corresponds, but does not show the concealed air duct, even all suction openings 9 are arranged on a first straight line A and all air inlet openings 10 on a second straight line B. The first straight line A and the second straight line B are aligned essentially horizontally. As a result, the manufacture of the pneumatic conveying device can be simplified without having to make compromises when emptying the container 2.

Another feature of the Figures 1 to 4 The advantageous embodiment of the pneumatic conveying device 101 shown here consists in that it is arranged entirely outside the container 2 or the adapter 121. This also favors a complete emptying of the container 2 or the adapter 121, and a deposit of the free-flowing material, which in the worst case can lead to clumping and clogging of the system, is prevented.

Another advantageous feature that promotes complete emptying is that the container 2 tapers towards the contact surface 3 of the pneumatic conveyor device 1, the tapering part in the end region of the container 2 - as shown - also being formed by an adapter 121 . In particular, it is advantageous if the container 2 or the adapter 121, as shown, taper asymmetrically towards the contact surface 3.

Fig. 5 now shows a side view of a pneumatic conveying device 102, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveying device 101. In contrast to this, however, the jet direction of the propellant nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16 is aligned horizontally. In this way, the free-flowing material can also be transported away horizontally without a bend or bend having to be installed in the course of the same.

Fig. 6 shows a side view of a further pneumatic conveying device 103, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveying devices 101 and 102. In contrast to this, however, the jet direction of the propellant nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16 is oriented at an angle. That is, the jet direction of the propellant nozzle 6 has a horizontal component. In this way, the pourable material can also be transported away in an inclined direction without a bend or bend having to be installed in the course of the same.

The Figures 7 and 8 show a further advantageous design of a pneumatic conveying device 104, which is also the pneumatic conveying device 101 from the Figures 1 to 4 is very similar. From the Fig. 7 (and also from the Fig. 2 ) it can be seen that the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 in the area of the contact surface 3 are inclined with respect to the vertical z. In the specific example, the supply air ducts 8 are inclined by the angle α and the intake ducts 7 by the angle α + β with respect to the vertical. That is, the supply air ducts 8 are slightly more steeply inclined than the suction channels 7, which further favors a complete emptying of the container 2 or the adapter 121.

Specifically, a straight section of an intake duct 7 beginning at the contact surface 3 and a straight section of an air inlet duct 8 beginning at the contact surface 3 are inclined away from the pneumatic conveyor device 100 .. 105 in the direction of the container 2. In particular, the two straight sections mentioned enclose the angle β, which opens away from the container 2 in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor device 104, and the axes of the two straight sections mentioned have an intersection point in the container 2 and in the adapter 121, respectively.

In contrast to this, the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 of FIG Fig. 2 The pneumatic conveyor device 101 shown is inclined by the same angle α + β relative to the vertical, that is to say aligned parallel in the projection onto the xz plane. It should be noted, however, that the supply air ducts 8 in the pneumatic conveying device 101 of Fig. 2 can likewise be inclined differently and in particular more strongly than the intake ducts 7.

With regard to the cut for the representation in the Fig. 7 it should again be noted that both an intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8 are shown as lying in the sectional plane.

1. a) zwischen einem Ansaugkanal 7 und einem Zuluftkanal 8 und/oder
2. b) zwischen zwei Ansaugkanälen 7 und/oder
3. c) zwischen zwei Zuluftkanälen 8

im Bereich der Kontaktfläche 3 unter 30° beträgt. Auf diese Weise sind die Ansaugkanäle 7 und die Zuluftkanäle 8 im Wesentlichen parallel ausgerichtet, und es bildet sich eine vorteilhafte Strömung im Behälter 2 beziehungsweise im Adapter 121 aus.It is now generally advantageous if every angle

1. a) between an intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8 and / or
2. b) between two intake channels 7 and / or
3. c) between two supply air ducts 8

in the area of the contact surface 3 is below 30 °. In this way, the intake channels 7 and the supply air channels 8 are aligned essentially parallel, and an advantageous flow is formed in the container 2 or in the adapter 121.

The angle mentioned above is to be understood as a solid angle. For example, the angle between two intake channels 7, viewed in the xz plane, is 0 °, whereas the angle, viewed in the yz plane, is 2y. In the Fig. 8 the direction of the right intake channel 7 is shown for this purpose. The solid angle between the intake channels 7 is accordingly maximum 2y. The air supply channels 8 are in the Figures 7 and 8 example shown is assumed in parallel. The solid angle between them is therefore 0 °. Between the central intake channel 7 and an air intake channel 8 there is a solid angle β, and between a lateral intake channel 7 and an air intake channel 8 there is an angle composed of the angles β and γ. The solid angles mentioned should advantageously be (all) below 30 °.

The intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 leading upwards generally prevent the free-flowing material from trickling out of the container unintentionally. A separate potential threshold for the pourable material can therefore be avoided.

In the pneumatic conveyor device 1 shown so far, the contact surface 3 is flat. But this is not mandatory. In further variants, the contact surface 3 can also be concave (see the dotted line C in FIG Fig. 7 ) or convexly curved (see the dotted line D). The curvature can be either cylindrical or spherical.

Another difference in the Figures 7 and 8 The illustrated pneumatic conveying device 104 for the pneumatic conveying device 101 consists in that the supply air duct 8 via the in the Fig. 2 provided level is performed. The straight sections of the supply air ducts 8 leading away from the contact surface 3 still only extend up to the distance a, but a collecting line of the supply air system exceeds this distance a and is led to behind the mixing chamber 5. This somewhat restricts the design freedom in the position of the propellant nozzle 6, since there is only one (single) channel that penetrates the plane of the propellant nozzle (that is, goes beyond the distance b), and not all of the supply air channels 8, the effects are manageable. If necessary, the said channel can of course also be guided somewhat differently, in particular if the position and location of the propellant nozzle 6 dictate it.

Finally, the suction openings 9 and the air supply openings 10 are in the Fig. 8 not arranged on two straight lines A and B but roughly in an arc. For example, a variant would also be conceivable in which the suction openings 9 and supply air openings 10 are arranged alternately at the same height.

Fig. 9 shows a dosing system 112, which is the in Fig. 2 shown metering system 111 is very similar. In contrast to this, a blow-out device 17 is provided which comprises a compressed air connection 18, an annular channel 19 and several blow-out channels 20, which are aligned obliquely to a conveying direction in the Laval nozzle 15 or in the transport line 16 and point in the aforementioned conveying direction. Air can be blown into the transport line 16 via the compressed air connection 18 without necessarily sucking in free-flowing material via the suction channels 7. In this way, the transport line 16 can be cleaned or free-flowing material that has remained lying around can be transported away. The pressure at the compressed air connection 18 is preferably set in such a way that the free-flowing material is just not sucked in via the suction channels 7.

In general, the blow-out device 17 can be designed as a separate part, which is connected to the pneumatic conveying device 101 as required, or it can also be a direct part of the pneumatic conveying device 101. It is of course also conceivable that the (or a further) blow-out device 17 is arranged in the further course of the transport line 16. It is also conceivable that the pressure at the compressed air connection 13 for blowing out the transport line 16 is reduced to such an extent that no pourable material is sucked in via the suction channels 7. This measure can be provided in addition or as an alternative to the blow-out device 17.

Fig. 10 shows a further dosing system 113, which is the in Fig. 2 shown metering system 111 is very similar. In contrast, the adapter 122, which in the Fig. 11 is shown in section EE, but now has a bore 21 in which a heating rod 22 is arranged. Air blown into the bore 21 sweeps over the heating rod 22, is heated and dried and passes through the warm air ducts 23 into the interior of the adapter 122, whereby the free-flowing material located therein is heated and dried. In the example shown, the heating rod 22 is designed as an electrical heating rod, which is connected to a power supply via the connecting wires 24. Of course, heating can also take place differently, for example with hot water. The heating rod 22 not only heats the air flowing past, but also the adapter 122 as such. Blowing the air into the bore 21 is advantageous, but not absolutely necessary. It is also conceivable that only the adapter 122 is heated. The adapter 122 has in the example shown five warm air channels 23 emanating from the bore 21. Of course, any other number of warm air ducts 23 is also conceivable.

Fig. 12 now shows a further example of a metering system 114, which is in the Figures 10 and 11 Dosing system 113 shown is very similar. In contrast to this, however, the adapter 123 has an overhead bore 21 with a heating rod 22 arranged therein. That to the one in the Figures 10 and 11 What has been said also applies accordingly to the Fig. 12 .

Fig. 13 shows a further dosing system 115, which is the in Fig. 2 shown metering system 111 is very similar. In contrast to this, a heating flange 25 is now provided, which in the Fig. 14 is shown in section FF. The heating flange 25, like the adapters 122 and 123 from the Figures 10 to 12 , a bore 21 in which a heating rod 22 is arranged. Air blown into the bore 26 sweeps over the heating rod 22, is heated and dried and enters the interior of the heating flange 25 via the warm air duct 23, whereby the free-flowing material located therein is heated and dried. In order to ensure that the heated air exits via the warm air duct 23, the bore 21 is closed with a plug 27.

In the example shown, the heating rod 22 is again designed as an electrical heating rod, which is connected to a power supply via the connecting wires 24. Of course, heating can also take place differently, for example with hot water. The heating rod 22 not only heats the air flowing past, but also the heating flange 25 as such. Blowing the air into the bore 26 is advantageous, but not absolutely necessary. It is also conceivable that only the heating flange 25 is heated. In the example shown, the heating flange 25 has a warm air duct 23 extending from the bore 21. Of course, any other number of warm air ducts 23 is also conceivable.

In the examples shown, the end of the warm air ducts 23 each point obliquely downwards into the volumes filled by the free-flowing material, so that the free-flowing material cannot penetrate into the warm air ducts 23. It is conceivable that a warm air duct 23 is instead or additionally protected against the ingress of free-flowing material with a filter element. For example, such a filter element can be in the course of the warm air duct 23 be arranged. A filter element against the ingress of free-flowing material is also conceivable for the supply air ducts 8 and can also be arranged in their course.

In general, the heating flange 25 can be designed as a separate part which, if necessary, is connected to the pneumatic conveying device 101 or to the adapter 121, or the heating flange 25 can also be directly part of the pneumatic conveying device 101 or part of the adapter 121. The pneumatic conveying device 101, the heating flange 25 and the adapter 121 (and also the container 2) can also be made in one part.

At this point it is also noted that the blow-out device 17, the adapters 122, 123 and the heating flange 25 can form the basis for inventions independent of claim 1.

The Fig. 15 now shows a further embodiment of a metering system 116, which the in Fig. 1 shown metering system 111 is very similar. In contrast to this, however, an adapter 124, rather than an adapter 121..123, is installed, to which two pneumatic conveyor devices 101, 105 are connected. In this way, two different transport lines 16 can be used for the removal of the pourable material. In particular, the pneumatic conveyor devices 101, 105 can have different types and, for example, differently oriented drive nozzles 6 or transport lines 16 (compare FIGS Figures 3 to 6 ). The differences in the design can of course also relate to other aspects, for example the arrangement of the suction holes and supply air holes 10 (see Fig Figures 3 and 8th ). With the help of several adapters 121..124, a modular system for dosing systems 110..116 can be set up.

In general, the presented pneumatic conveyor devices 101 .. 105 or metering systems 110 .. 116 can be used in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, brake sand being provided as the pourable material. This is in the Fig. 16 a schematic example of a rail vehicle 28 is shown

The sanding system comprises a metering system 110, a compressor or compressor 29, two valves 30, a controller 31, and two downpipes 32. The compressor 29, which is often already present in a rail vehicle 28, is connected to the two pneumatic conveying devices 100 via compressed air lines, each conveying device 100 being preceded by a controllable valve 30. The controllable valves 30 are connected to the controller 31 via control lines. The two transport lines 16 in turn lead to the two downpipes 32, which are arranged in the area of the wheels of the rail vehicle 28. In the specific example, the rail vehicle 28 comprises a single sanding system; in principle, of course, several sanding systems could also be provided.

When braking, the controller 20 causes the compressor 29 to be activated (if the compressor 29 is not running anyway) and one of the two valves 30 to open. As a result, brake sand is transported from the container 2 to the downpipe 32 and from there falls in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle 28 to increase traction when braking and when moving off. Depending on the direction of travel of the rail vehicle 28, the left or right valve 30 is actuated.

In general, for free-flowing material in general and for brake sand in particular, an angle of inclination of the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 with respect to the vertical of a maximum of 40 ° has been found (see also the angles α and α + β in FIG Fig. 7 ). This prevents the pourable material / brake sand from trickling out unintentionally. In addition, it is particularly advantageous for brake sand if the distance c between an intake opening 9 and the closest air intake opening 10 is a maximum of 30 mm (see FIG Fig. 4 ). This results in particularly advantageous flow conditions in the container 2 or in the adapter 121..124 and consequently good emptying of the container 2.

The exemplary embodiments show possible design variants of a pneumatic conveying device 100 .. 105 according to the invention, a dosing system 110 .. 116 according to the invention or a sanding system according to the invention and a rail vehicle 28 according to the invention, whereby it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated design variants thereof Rather, various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are also possible and this possibility of variation is within the ability of a person skilled in the art based on the teaching of technical action through the present invention. So there are also all conceivable design variants that can be achieved through combinations of individual Details of the embodiment variants shown and described are possible, encompassed by the scope of protection.

In particular, it is pointed out that although some of the exemplary embodiments are directed to an application of the pneumatic conveying device 100 .. 105 or the dosing system 110 .. 116 in a sanding system of a rail vehicle 28, the pneumatic conveying device 100 .. 105 or the dosing system 110. 116 can of course also be used in other technical fields, for example in industrial and / or chemical plants for conveying or metering substances to be processed.

In particular, it is stated that the devices shown can in reality also include more or fewer components than those shown.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the structure of the pneumatic conveying device 100..105, the dosing system 110..116 of the sanding system and the rail vehicle 28, these or their components are partially not to scale and / or enlarged and / or were shown reduced in size.

The task on which the independent inventive solutions are based can be found in the description.

List of reference symbols

100 .. 105

pneumatic conveyor

2

Container for pourable goods

3

Contact area

4th

Jet pump

5

Mixing chamber

6th

Propulsion nozzle

7th

Intake duct

8th

Supply air duct / false air duct

9

Suction opening

10

Air inlet

110..116

Dosing system

121, 124

adapter

13th

Compressed air connection

14th

Pressure adjustment screw

15th

Laval nozzle

16

Transport management

17th

Blow-out device

18th

Compressed air connection

19th

Ring channel

20th

Exhaust duct

21

drilling

22nd

Heating rod

23

Warm air duct

24

Connecting wire

25th

Heating flange

26th

drilling

27

Plug

28

Rail vehicle

29

Compressor / Compressor

30th

Valve

31

control

32

Downpipe

a

Distance supply air duct / contact surface

b

Distance intake duct / contact surface

c

Distance suction opening / supply air opening

x, y, z

Spatial directions

A.

Especially for suction openings

B.

Especially for supply air openings

C.

concave contact surface

D.

convex contact surface

α

Angle of inclination of the supply air duct

β

Intake duct / supply air duct angle

γ

Angle of inclination of the intake duct

Claims (15)

1. A metering system (110...116) comprising a container (2) for receiving pourable material and a pneumatic conveyor device (100...105) coupled with the container (2), a contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105) pointing into the interior of the container (2), the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105) having the following features:

   - the contact surface (3) that is designed to be in contact with the pourable material,

   - an ejector pump (4) comprising a mixing chamber (5), a jet nozzle (6) that opens into the mixing chamber (5) and to which pressure can be applied, and at least one aspiration channel (7) that leads away from the contract surface (3) and opens into the mixing chamber (5), and

   - at least one air-intake channel (8) that leads away from the contact surface (3) and to which pressure can be applied or that opens onto an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105),

   - the at least one aspiration channel (7) and the at least one air-intake channel (8) forming at least one aspiration opening (9) and at least one air-intake opening (10) in the region of the contact surface (3),

   - the at least one aspiration channel (7) and the at least one air-intake channel (8) being oriented in substantially the same manner in the region of the contact surface (3), the flow directions in the at least one aspiration channel (7) and the at least one air-intake channel (8) being aligned antiparallel when the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105) is in operation,
   characterised in that
   the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105) being arranged entirely outside the container (2).
2. A metering system (110...116) according to claim 1, characterised in that in the region of the contact surface (2) each angle

   a) between an aspiration channel (7) and an air-intake channel (8) and/or

   b) between two aspiration channels (7) and/or

   c) between two air-intake channels (8)

   is less than 30°.
3. A metering system (110...116) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one air-intake opening (10) is smaller in cross-section than the at least one aspiration opening (9).
4. A metering system (110...116) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a plurality of aspiration openings (9) of a plurality of aspiration channels (8), these aspiration openings (9) being arranged along a first straight line (A) on the contact surface (3), and a plurality of air-intake openings (10) of a plurality of air-intake channels (8), these air-intake openings (10) being arranged along a second straight line (B) parallel to the first straight line (A) on the contact surface (3).
5. A metering system (100...116) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a de Laval nozzle (15) arranged downstream of the mixing chamber (5) in the direction of conveyance of the pourable material.
6. A metering system (100...116) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a jet direction of the jet nozzle (6) is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component.
7. A metering system (100...116) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a straight section of the at least one aspiration channel (7) starting at the contact surface (3) leads further away from the contact surface (3) than a straight section of the at least one air-intake channel (8) starting at the contact surface (3).
8. A metering system (100...116) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a straight section of the at least one aspiration channel (7) starting at the contact surface (3) and a straight section of the at least one air-intake channel (8) starting at the contact surface (3) are inclined towards one another away from the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105) towards the container (2).
9. A use of a metering system (100...116) according to any of the preceding claims for aspirating the pourable material out of the container (2), characterised in that the at least one aspiration channel (7) and the at least one air-intake channel (8) are inclined at a maximum of 40° in relation to the vertical (z) in the region of the contact surface (3).
10. A metering system (100...116) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the container (2) tapers to a point in the direction of the contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100...105).
11. A metering system (100...116) according to claim 10, characterised in that at least the end region of the part that tapers to a point takes the form of an adapter (121...124).
12. A modular system comprising a metering system (100...116) according to claim 11, characterised by at least two adapters (121... 124) of different design.
13. A use of a metering system (100...116) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 10 and 11 in a sanding system of a rail vehicle (28), characterised in that braking sand is provided as the pourable material.
14. A sanding system for a rail vehicle (28), characterised by a metering system (100...116) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 10 and 11.
15. A rail vehicle (28), characterised by a sanding system according to claim 14.

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