EP3234345B1 - Entkopplungselement für eine brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung - Google Patents

Entkopplungselement für eine brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3234345B1
EP3234345B1 EP15781373.4A EP15781373A EP3234345B1 EP 3234345 B1 EP3234345 B1 EP 3234345B1 EP 15781373 A EP15781373 A EP 15781373A EP 3234345 B1 EP3234345 B1 EP 3234345B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
decoupling element
fuel injection
receiving bore
injection valve
decoupling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15781373.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3234345A1 (de
Inventor
Martin Scheffel
Wilhelm Reinhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3234345A1 publication Critical patent/EP3234345A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3234345B1 publication Critical patent/EP3234345B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/026Means for reducing the pressure in common rails at power off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F02D41/3845Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/04Means for damping vibrations or pressure fluctuations in injection pump inlets or outlets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166Selection of particular materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/09Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing noise
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/50Arrangements of springs for valves used in fuel injectors or fuel injection pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/004Joints; Sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/30Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
    • F02M69/36Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages
    • F02M69/38Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages using fuel pressure, e.g. by varying fuel pressure in the control chambers of the fuel metering device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a decoupling element for a fuel injection device according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a fuel injection device known from the prior art in which a flat intermediate element is provided on a fuel injection valve installed in a receiving bore of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • such intermediate elements are deposited as support elements in the form of a washer on a shoulder of the receiving bore of the cylinder head.
  • manufacturing and assembly tolerances are compensated for and a lateral force-free bearing is ensured even when the fuel injector is slightly inclined.
  • the fuel injection device is particularly suitable for use in fuel injection systems of mixed-compression spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
  • a support body for a fuel injection device for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber.
  • the fuel injection device comprises at least one fuel injection valve and a receiving bore for the fuel injection valve.
  • the support body is inserted between a valve housing of the fuel injection valve and a wall of the receiving bore.
  • the intermediate element is a washer with a circular cross-section, which is arranged in an area in which both the fuel injector and the wall of the mounting hole in the cylinder head run in the shape of a truncated cone, and serves as a compensating element for mounting and supporting the fuel injector.
  • a multilayer intermediate element is also from the EP 1 223 337 A1 known, this intermediate element is composed of several washers, which consist of a damping material.
  • the damping material made of metal, rubber or PTFE is selected and designed in such a way that noise dampening of the vibrations and noises generated by the operation of the fuel injector is made possible.
  • the intermediate element must comprise four to six layers in order to achieve a desired damping effect.
  • the US 6,009,856 A also propose to surround the fuel injector with a sleeve and to fill the resulting space with an elastic, noise-damping compound.
  • this type of noise reduction is very complex, unfriendly to assemble and expensive.
  • the decoupling element according to the invention for a fuel injection device with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that improved noise damping is achieved in a very simple construction.
  • the decoupling element has a non-linear, progressive spring characteristic, which results in several positive and advantageous aspects when installing the decoupling element in a fuel injector with injectors for direct fuel injection.
  • the low stiffness of the decoupling element at the idling point enables the fuel injector to be decoupled effectively from the cylinder head and thus significantly reduces the noise emitted by the cylinder head in the idle mode which is critical for noise.
  • the fuel injector moves as a whole during vehicle operation, thereby ensuring on the one hand the durability of the sealing rings, which serve as a combustion chamber seal and a seal against the fuel rail, and on the other hand a stable spray point of the fuel spray in the combustion chamber, which is important for the Stability of some combustion processes is crucial.
  • the decoupling element is characterized by a low overall height, which means that it can also be used in a small space.
  • the decoupling element also has great fatigue strength even at high temperatures.
  • the decoupling element is very simple and inexpensive to manufacture. The entire suspension of the system consisting of fuel injector and decoupling element can also be easily and quickly assembled or disassembled.
  • guide elements are also provided on the decoupling element, with the lateral guidance of the decoupling element in the receiving bore of the cylinder head increasing the rigidity in the case of contact at high loads.
  • This special external guidance in the cylinder head with very little play optimally shapes the tolerance situation. If the fuel injector is in operation under load e.g. Tilting more than usual due to temperature-related expansions is possible because the decoupling element cannot move in the radial direction relative to the cylinder head.
  • a valve in the form of an injection valve 1 for fuel injection systems of mixed-compression spark-ignition internal combustion engines is shown in a side view.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is part of the fuel injection device.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 which is designed in the form of a direct injection fuel injector for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber 25 of the internal combustion engine, is installed in a receiving bore 20 of a cylinder head 9.
  • a sealing ring 2, in particular made of Teflon TM, ensures an optimal seal of the fuel injection valve 1 with respect to the wall of the receiving bore 20 of the cylinder head 9.
  • a flat intermediate element 24 which is designed as a support element in the form of a washer, is inserted between a shoulder 21 of a valve housing 22 and a shoulder 23 of the receiving bore 20, for example, extending at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the receiving bore 20.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has at its inlet end 3 a plug connection to a fuel rail 4, which is sealed by a sealing ring 5 between a connection piece 6 of the fuel rail 4, which is shown in section, and an inlet pipe 7 of the fuel injector 1.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is inserted into a receiving opening 12 of the connecting piece 6 of the fuel distributor line 4.
  • the connecting piece 6 goes e.g. in one piece from the actual fuel distribution line 4 and upstream of the receiving opening 12 has a smaller-diameter flow opening 15, through which the flow to the fuel injection valve 1 takes place.
  • the fuel injector 1 has an electrical connector 8 for the electrical contact for actuating the fuel injector 1.
  • a hold-down device 10 is provided between the fuel injection valve 1 and the connecting piece 6.
  • the hold-down device 10 is designed as a bow-shaped component, e.g. as a stamped and bent part.
  • the hold-down device 10 has a partially ring-shaped base element 11, from which a hold-down bracket 13 extends, which bears against a downstream end face 14 of the connecting piece 6 on the fuel distributor line 4 in the installed state.
  • the object of the invention is, compared to the known intermediate element solutions, on the one hand to achieve improved noise damping in a simple manner, above all in noise-critical idling operation, by means of a targeted design and geometry of the intermediate element 24, and on the other hand to easily and inexpensively compensate for tolerances that cause tilting of the fuel injector by up to 1 °, and to enable a shear-free operation under the influence of temperature.
  • the decisive source of noise of the fuel injection valve 1 in direct high-pressure injection are the forces (structure-borne noise) introduced into the cylinder head 9 during valve operation, which lead to a structural excitation of the cylinder head 9 and are emitted by the latter as airborne noise.
  • the forces introduced into the cylinder head 9 should therefore be minimized. In addition to reducing the forces caused by the injection, this can be achieved by influencing the transmission behavior between the fuel injection valve 1 and the cylinder head 9.
  • the mounting of the fuel injection valve 1 on the passive intermediate element 24 in the receiving bore 20 of the cylinder head 9 can be represented as a conventional spring-mass damper system, as shown in FIG Figure 2 is shown.
  • the mass M of the cylinder head 9 can be assumed to be infinitely large compared to the mass m of the fuel injector 1.
  • the transmission behavior of such a system is characterized by an amplification at low frequencies in the range of the resonance frequency f R and an isolation range above the decoupling frequency f E (see Figure 3 ).
  • the aim of the invention is the design of an intermediate element 24 with the primary use of elastic insulation (decoupling) for noise reduction, in particular when the vehicle is idling.
  • the invention encompasses on the one hand the definition and design of a suitable spring characteristic taking into account the typical requirements and boundary conditions for direct fuel injection with variable operating pressure and on the other hand the design of an intermediate element 24 which is capable of mapping and using the characteristics of the spring characteristic thus defined a choice of simple geometric parameters can be adapted to the specific boundary conditions of the injection system.
  • the decoupling element 25 In order to be able to implement the noise-decoupling measures under typical boundary conditions of direct fuel injection (small installation space, large forces, low total axial movement of the fuel injection valve 1) in a simple and inexpensive manner, the decoupling element 25 according to the invention, with its cushion-like cross-section, is also designed such that its annular shape a lower, for example largely flat end face 26 is provided, which on a shoulder 23 of the Receiving bore 20 rests in the cylinder head 9, and an upper end face 27 is provided, which extends conically from the radially outside to the radially inside and has contact with a spherically curved or conical or conical shoulder surface 21 of the valve housing 22 of the fuel injection valve 1.
  • the upper end face 27 of the decoupling element 25 can also have a spherical bulge, in which case there is a very large radius in the contact area.
  • FIG 4 is a cross section through a decoupling element 25 according to the invention in an installation situation on a fuel injector 1 in the area of the in Figure 1 shown disc-shaped intermediate element 24, wherein the intermediate element 24 is replaced by the decoupling element 25 according to the invention.
  • the decoupling element 25 has on its upper side the conical or conical front face 27, which in the installed state corresponds to the spherical or spherical, convexly curved or conical shoulder surface 21 of the valve housing 22 of the fuel injection valve 1.
  • the shoulder surface 21 of the valve housing 22 is formed on a radially outwardly projecting shoulder 28, which already ensures a certain chambering of the decoupling element 25 between itself and the shoulder 23 of the receiving bore 20.
  • the shoulder surface 21 of the valve housing 22 does not have to be spherically arched throughout; such a shape is sufficient in the contact area with the conical end face 27 of the decoupling element 25.
  • the respective transitions of the upper end face 27 and the lower end face 26 to the two inner and outer annular jacket surfaces of the decoupling element 25 can be rounded.
  • the geometry according to the invention with a flat angle or a large radius of curvature on the spherically curved shoulder surface 21 of the valve housing 22 and the conical or tapered end surface 27 of the decoupling element 25, in conjunction with an external guidance of the decoupling element 25, makes it possible, in particular via the illustration in Figure 5 it becomes clear on the wall of the receiving bore 20 in the cylinder head 9 with a relatively large clearance radially inward towards the fuel injector 1 and with a very small clearance radially outward towards the wall of the receiving bore 20 the use of a sprayable plastic element or a cold-formed aluminum element.
  • Such a decoupling element 25 is inexpensive to manufacture and decouples the structure-borne noise in the desired manner.
  • a pivotable or tiltable connection is created for tolerance compensation. If the fuel injection valve 1 and the receiving bore 20 are offset within the scope of the tolerated production fluctuations, the fuel injection valve 1 may be slightly skewed. The pivotable connection between the fuel injection valve 1 and the decoupling element 25 then largely prevents lateral forces when the fuel injection valve 1 is tilted. Cone / cone, cone / ball, ball / cone or ball / ball pairings of valve housing 22 and decoupling element 25 are conceivable according to the invention.
  • An anti-loss device for the decoupling element 25 can be taken over by a locking ring 29 which is arranged below the decoupling element 25 and thereby engages under the decoupling element 25 at a short distance and is fixed to the valve housing 22 of the fuel injection valve 1. In this way it can be ensured that the fuel injection valve 1 can be mounted as a structural unit together with the decoupling element 25 in the receiving bore 20.
  • Figure 5 shows an inventive decoupling element 25 as an individual part in an oblique plan view.
  • the decoupling element 25 can be recognized as a special design feature that at least one guide element 30 protruding radially on the outer circumference, in particular between three and twelve guide elements 30 in the form of nose collars protruding, are provided.
  • This special external guidance of the decoupling element 25 in the receiving bore 20 of the cylinder head 9 with very little play allows the tolerance situation to be optimally designed. If the fuel injection valve 1 tilts more than usual during operation under load, for example due to temperature-related expansions, this is possible because the decoupling element 25 cannot move in the radial direction relative to the cylinder head 9.
  • FIG. 6 shows an optional locking ring 29 as an individual part in an oblique plan view.
  • the locking ring 29 is designed, for example, as a closed ring which has a kinked cross section, an upper, largely flat ring collar 31 being formed all the way round and extending from it a plurality of spreading tabs 32 which are distributed over the circumference and which abut the valve housing 22.
  • the circlip 29 can also be of a different construction and at a different distance from the decoupling element 25 on the outer circumference of the fuel injection valve 1 be arranged.
  • the locking ring 29 can be designed as a compact, solid, continuous plastic ring with different functional areas due to its filigree outer contour.
  • FIG Figures 7 and 8 An alternative decoupling element 25 is shown in FIG Figures 7 and 8 .
  • a collar 38 on the decoupling element 25 which projects over the shoulder 23 of the receiving bore 20 in the direction of the securing ring 29 and is embodied at an angle can ensure even better stabilization of the decoupling element 25 in the event of tilting or enables the very compact design of the securing ring 29, since the decoupling element 25 in Area of the collar 38 is already securely gripped with small radial dimensions of the locking ring 29.
  • an annular guide element 39 can be provided on the outer diameter of the collar 38 with a smaller diameter.
  • the guide element 39 is therefore an outer cylindrical ring region of the collar 38, which corresponds to the wall of the receiving bore 20 in the cylinder head 9 below the shoulder 23 for radial positioning.
  • the radial guide elements 30 with the larger diameter are no longer required. So that the collar 38 with the guide element 39 can be inserted exactly into the receiving bore 20 when the fuel injection valve 1 is mounted with the decoupling element 25, it can be useful that instead of the guide elements 30 several, for example four, pre-centering lugs 30a at the largest diameter of the decoupling element 25 are molded.
  • the securing against loss of the decoupling element 25 can be optimally designed geometrically and functionally via the locking ring 29, since it can be manufactured and assembled inexpensively, requires little installation space and enables a necessary play for slight pivoting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP15781373.4A 2014-12-16 2015-10-19 Entkopplungselement für eine brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung Active EP3234345B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014225988.6A DE102014225988A1 (de) 2014-12-16 2014-12-16 Entkopplungselement für eine Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung
PCT/EP2015/074144 WO2016096200A1 (de) 2014-12-16 2015-10-19 Entkopplungselement für eine brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3234345A1 EP3234345A1 (de) 2017-10-25
EP3234345B1 true EP3234345B1 (de) 2020-04-29

Family

ID=54329550

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15781373.4A Active EP3234345B1 (de) 2014-12-16 2015-10-19 Entkopplungselement für eine brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10641224B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3234345B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6612347B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102447583B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN107110099B (zh)
DE (1) DE102014225988A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016096200A1 (zh)

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DE102016211689A1 (de) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injektor mit Dämpfungselement
DE102016225957A1 (de) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injektor mit verbesserter Sicherung
EP3470659B1 (en) * 2017-10-13 2020-09-09 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Anti-reflection device for fuel injection valve and fuel injection valve
DE102018220945A1 (de) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil
US11105305B2 (en) * 2019-04-22 2021-08-31 Hitachi Astemo Americas, Inc. Fuel injector cup with flow restriction passage

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102447583B1 (ko) 2022-09-28
CN107110099B (zh) 2020-08-18
JP6612347B2 (ja) 2019-11-27
JP2018500499A (ja) 2018-01-11
EP3234345A1 (de) 2017-10-25
US20170328325A1 (en) 2017-11-16
WO2016096200A1 (de) 2016-06-23
CN107110099A (zh) 2017-08-29
US10641224B2 (en) 2020-05-05
KR20170093851A (ko) 2017-08-16
DE102014225988A1 (de) 2016-06-16

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