Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
  • A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
  • A61K31/426—1,3-Thiazoles

Definitions

• the technical solution relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing febuxostat (2-(3- cyano-4-isobutyloxyphemyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazole-carboxil aiccid) of formula 1 in the form of a solid solution.
• Febuxostat (2-(3-kyano -4-isobutyloxyphyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazole-carboxilic acid) is well- known for its strong inhibition effects on xanthine oxidase and it is used as an active substance for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Febuxostat and its effects were first described in the international application WO92/09279.
• Febuxostat is currently available in the market in the form of coated tablets sold under the name Adenuric. These tablets contain 80 mg or 120 mg of febuxostat of the polymorphic form A.
• the tablet core consists of die active substance, lactose, macrocrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, hydroxypropyi methyl cellulose, sodium salt of crosscarraellose and colloidal silicon dioxide.
• the tablet coating consists of polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, talc and pigment
• Febuxostat can form various crystalline structures. This phenomenon is called polymorphism and individual crystalline structures are called polymorphic forms. A great number of polymorphic forms of febuxostat have been described in the literature, but in the course of time most of them proved to lack thermodynamical stability and due to the influence of external conditions (e.g. being exposed to humidity) they are converted to another or other polymorphic form(s).
• the international application W099/65885 characterized the polymorphic forms A, B, C, D and G. These forms are distinctive with their characteristic X- ray powder diffraction peaks and specific absorption values in the infrared spectral analysis. The said application highlights the form A as the most suitable one for industrial application without this fact being specified in detail or supported by data.
• the international application WO03/082279 describes solid pharmaceutical formulations of febuxostat for oral administration, wherein febuxostat is present in a singlr crystalline form, namely form A.
• These pharmaceutical formulations can be prepared both by direct tabletting and with the use of dry granulation or wet granulation with water, ethanol and possibly solutions containing a binder.
• form A was selected based on the application W099/6S88S, where this form was preferred to forms B, C, D and O. Examples in WO03/082279 document that when pharmaceutical formulations were prepared with the other forms, conversion to other crystalline forms occurred.
• the international application WO2012140632 describes amorphous solid dispersions of febuxostat, the term "solid dispersion" being explained as a system where febuxostat is dispersed in the form of small solid particles in a solid-state carrier. While the first aspect of the invention described in WO2012140632 are solid dispersions of febuxostat, the other aspect is a process of preparing an amorphous solid dispention of febuxostat and a carrier comprising dissolution of febuxostat and the carrier (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) in a solvent and subsequent removal of the solvent from the solution.
• An advantage of a solid solution of febuxostat in a polymer that is soluble in water is an increase of the dissolution rate, which leads to raster absorption into the patient's body, and increased biological availability of the active substance.
• Febuxostat is a substance for the treatment of gout, which is poorly soluble in water and is easily subject to changes in its crystalline structure in the presence of water and atmospheric humidity.
• the technical solution provides formulations containing a solid solution of febuxostat and a polymeric carrier in the weight ratio of febuxostat to (he polymeric carrier in the range of 1 :3 to 3:2, including the limit values.
• a “solid solution” means a chemically and physically homogeneous material, in which the molecules of the substance being dissolved are homogeneously dispersed among the molecules of the carrier substance (the substance forming a matrix of the solid solution) and in which no particles of the substance being dissolved can be detected by means of any method known from the state of the art (e.g. an optical and electron microscope, FTIR microscopy, X- ray analysis, NMR, DSC analysis).
• An advantage of the solid solutions of febuxostat is stabilization and protection of febuxostat from the effects of atmospheric humidity.
• Another clear advantage of the solid solution of febuxostat is easier releasing into a solution, which increases biological compatibility of this active substance compared to its crystalline forms.
• a solid solution of febuxostat can be prepared by melting of febuxostat with a rx>rymeric carrier at a temperature of from 130 to 160°C, including the limit values, wherein the residence time of the melted mixture lies in the range of from 3 to 7 mine, incl. the limit values.
• the ratio of febuxostat and the polymeric carrier influences the weight of the final dosage form.
• the ratio of the active substance to the polymeric carrier be at least 1:3, in order to keep the weight and thus size of the final dosage form to the minimum to make it as acceptable for the patients as possible.
• polymeric carriers suitable for the preparation of solid solutions of febuxostat by melting without the list limiting the scope of mis technical solution: ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, glycerine triacetate, polyethylene oxide, polymethacrylates, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phtalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactam, a copolymer of methacrytic acid with methyl raethacrylate, a copolymer of polyvinyl caprolactam, polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol, cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (povidone, PVP).
• One polymer or a mixture of more polymers can be used as the polymeric carrier.
• One or more softeners can also be added to die melting mixture, namely in such a quantity to achieve the weight ratio of the polymeric carrier and softener of 1:0.6 at the most Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (povidone, PVP), polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, a copolymer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose, polyvinyl caprolactam, polyvinyl acetate, butyl stearate, glycerol monostearate, stearyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, propylene glycol, mineral oil, diethyl phtalate, dibutyl phtalate and others can be used as the softeners.
• PVP Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
• PVP Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
• polyethylene oxide polyethylene
• Another possibility of preparing a solid solution of febuxostat involves spray drying of aqueous and organic solutions of a polymer and febuxostat
• An advantage of this preparation method is easy control of the process parameters and the production rate.
• the produced particles have a narrow size distribution, which makes their further use for the preparation of solid drug forms easier.
• the drying rate and the size of drops at the beginning of drying proved to be important parameters.
• suitable polymers for the preparation of solid solutions by spray drying from organic solvents the following substances can be mentioned for example: polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a copolymer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poly(butyi methacryiate), poly(mcthyl methacryiate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(trimethylaminoethyi methacryiate) chloride and other polymethacrylates, ethyl cellulose and other polymers soluble in organic solvents.
• a suitable polymer is polyvinyl pyrrolidonc.
• the size of the particles of the solid solution of febuxostat be in the range of from 1 to 1000 urn. preferably 5 to 500 urn, most preferably 5 to 250 urn, determined as the D90 value using the static light dispersion method
• the D90 value indicates such a particle size mat 90% by weight of all particles are smaller than this value. If particles of these sizes are not produced during the preparation process of the solid solution itself, e.g. by spray drying, these sizes can be achieved by crushing or grinding of the solid solution by means of a hammer mill, colloidal mill or ball mill.
• a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the solid solution of febuxostat may be in the form of capsules or tablets or other known forms of pharmaceutical formulations for oral administration.
• PnarmaceuticaJ formulations of febuxostat in the form of a solid solution for oral administration comprise
• a filler e.g. anhydrous and/or hydrated lactose, macrocrystalline cellulose, sorbitol, mannitol, hydrates of calcium hydrogen phosphate and/or sucrose and/or any filler known from the prior art
• a filler e.g. anhydrous and/or hydrated lactose, macrocrystalline cellulose, sorbitol, mannitol, hydrates of calcium hydrogen phosphate and/or sucrose and/or any filler known from the prior art
• disintegrants up to the concentration of 10% by weight (e.g. sodium salt of crosscarmellose, crosspovidone, starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide- sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch and/or any disintegrant known from the prior art);
• ⁇ glidants up to the concentration of 10% by weight (eg. colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium carbonate, stearic acid or its salts such as magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, magnesium palmitate, magnesium oleate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated castor oiL, talc, macrogols (polyethylene glycols) of various molecular weights and/or any gtidant known from the prior art);
• ⁇ moisturizers up to the concentration of 7% (e.g. sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid or its salts such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide and/or any moisturizer known from the prior art);
• a binder up to the concentration of 8% by weight (e.g. povidone, copovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose and/or any binder known from the prior art).
• compositions of febuxostat in the form of a solid solution for oral administration preferably comprise
• compositions of febuxostat in the form of a solid solution for oral administration can be further coated by means of common methods.
• a mixture of febuxostat with the polymer Soluplus (a copolymer of polyvinyl caprolactam with polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol) was melted at 140°C in an extruder with screw feed of material.
• the residence time of the material in the extruder was 4 mins, the feed rate of the material inside the extruder was 5 crn/min.
• This experiment resulted in a melt comprising a solid solution of febuxostat in the polymer.
• the solid solution of febuxostat was ground to get the particle size of 230 ⁇ m. Absence of the crystalline form of febuxostat was confirmed by means of XPRD, NMR and DSC analyses. Stability of the solid solution was proved by exposure of the solution to 40°C and 75% relative humidity for one month.

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• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-12-12 CZ CZ2014-30437U patent/CZ27857U1/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2015
  • 2015-12-09 WO PCT/CZ2015/000146 patent/WO2016091230A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2015-12-09 EP EP15825595.0A patent/EP3229782A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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